UA91412C2 - УСТАНОВКА ПРЯМОЙ Плавки - Google Patents
УСТАНОВКА ПРЯМОЙ ПлавкиInfo
- Publication number
- UA91412C2 UA91412C2 UAA200811688A UAA200811688A UA91412C2 UA 91412 C2 UA91412 C2 UA 91412C2 UA A200811688 A UAA200811688 A UA A200811688A UA A200811688 A UAA200811688 A UA A200811688A UA 91412 C2 UA91412 C2 UA 91412C2
- Authority
- UA
- Ukraine
- Prior art keywords
- direct smelting
- smelting plant
- plant
- vessel
- inject
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
- C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/08—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in hearth-type furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/38—Removal of waste gases or dust
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
- F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/20—Arrangements of heating devices
- F27B3/205—Burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/22—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
- F27B3/225—Oxygen blowing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
- C21B2100/44—Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/64—Controlling the physical properties of the gas, e.g. pressure or temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/66—Heat exchange
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
Описывается установка прямой плавки для получения расплавленного металла из металсодержащего загружаемого материала, используя ванну расплавленного металла, на основе процесса прямой плавки. Установка включает множество газоинъекционных фурм, для введения кислородосодержащего газа в конвертор, простирающихся вниз через отверстия в боковой стенке конвертера прямой плавки.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2006901032A AU2006901032A0 (en) | 2006-03-01 | Direct smelting plant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| UA91412C2 true UA91412C2 (ru) | 2010-07-26 |
Family
ID=38458586
Family Applications (5)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| UAA200811689A UA91599C2 (ru) | 2006-03-01 | 2007-01-03 | Установка прямой плавки (варианты) |
| UAA200811693A UA91601C2 (ru) | 2006-03-01 | 2007-01-03 | Установка прямой плавки |
| UAA200811694A UA91744C2 (ru) | 2006-03-01 | 2007-01-03 | Установка прямой плавки |
| UAA200811690A UA91600C2 (ru) | 2006-03-01 | 2007-01-03 | Установка прямой плавки |
| UAA200811688A UA91412C2 (ru) | 2006-03-01 | 2007-03-01 | УСТАНОВКА ПРЯМОЙ Плавки |
Family Applications Before (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| UAA200811689A UA91599C2 (ru) | 2006-03-01 | 2007-01-03 | Установка прямой плавки (варианты) |
| UAA200811693A UA91601C2 (ru) | 2006-03-01 | 2007-01-03 | Установка прямой плавки |
| UAA200811694A UA91744C2 (ru) | 2006-03-01 | 2007-01-03 | Установка прямой плавки |
| UAA200811690A UA91600C2 (ru) | 2006-03-01 | 2007-01-03 | Установка прямой плавки |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (4) | US8562903B2 (ru) |
| EP (1) | EP2004866B1 (ru) |
| JP (1) | JP5248333B2 (ru) |
| KR (4) | KR101349124B1 (ru) |
| CN (6) | CN101437966A (ru) |
| AU (1) | AU2007219729B2 (ru) |
| BR (4) | BRPI0708475B1 (ru) |
| CA (4) | CA2642667A1 (ru) |
| MX (1) | MX2008011184A (ru) |
| MY (1) | MY146512A (ru) |
| RU (5) | RU2431679C2 (ru) |
| UA (5) | UA91599C2 (ru) |
| WO (5) | WO2007098556A1 (ru) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200807435B (ru) |
Families Citing this family (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UA91599C2 (ru) * | 2006-03-01 | 2010-08-10 | ТЕХНОЛОДЖИКАЛ РЕСОРСИЗ ПиТиВай. ЛИМИТЕД | Установка прямой плавки (варианты) |
| US20070284565A1 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Led device with re-emitting semiconductor construction and optical element |
| US7952110B2 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2011-05-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | LED device with re-emitting semiconductor construction and converging optical element |
| US7902542B2 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2011-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Adapted LED device with re-emitting semiconductor construction |
| JP5411466B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-08 | 2014-02-12 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 鉄浴式溶解炉およびそれを用いた溶鉄製造方法 |
| KR101289765B1 (ko) | 2011-06-29 | 2013-07-26 | 강림중공업 주식회사 | 육상 발전설비용 폐열보일러 시스템 |
| EP2929255B1 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2017-02-22 | ABB Schweiz AG | A recirculating cooling unit |
| US9077008B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-07-07 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Integrated power generation and chemical production using fuel cells |
| BR112015020949A2 (pt) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-07-18 | Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co | geração de energia integrada usando células de combustível de carbonato fundido |
| US11635257B2 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2023-04-25 | Nsgi Steel Inc. | Smelting apparatus and metallurgical processes thereof |
| US9556753B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2017-01-31 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Power generation and CO2 capture with turbines in series |
| US9755258B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2017-09-05 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Integrated power generation and chemical production using solid oxide fuel cells |
| US9819042B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2017-11-14 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Fuel cell integration within a heat recovery steam generator |
| CN112322820B (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2022-05-13 | 塔塔钢铁有限公司 | 熔炼方法和装置 |
| RU2611229C2 (ru) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-02-21 | Игорь Михайлович Шатохин | Способ переработки металлургического сырья и устройство для его осуществления |
| US11742508B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2023-08-29 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Reforming catalyst pattern for fuel cell operated with enhanced CO2 utilization |
| WO2020112812A1 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Operation of molten carbonate fuel cells with enhanced co 2 utilization |
| US11476486B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2022-10-18 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Fuel cell staging for molten carbonate fuel cells |
| WO2020112806A1 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Layered cathode for molten carbonate fuel cell |
| WO2020112804A1 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Cathode collector structures for molten carbonate fuel cell |
| US11211621B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2021-12-28 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Regeneration of molten carbonate fuel cells for deep CO2 capture |
| AU2019388977B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2025-01-30 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Flow field baffle for molten carbonate fuel cell cathode |
| WO2020112774A1 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Elevated pressure operation of molten carbonate fuel cells with enhanced co2 utilization |
| WO2021107933A1 (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Fuel cell module assembly and systems using same |
| US11335937B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2022-05-17 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Operation of molten carbonate fuel cells with high electrolyte fill level |
| US12334607B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2025-06-17 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Fuel cell assembly with external manifold for parallel flow |
| DE102020215147A1 (de) | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-02 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren zum pyrometallurgischen Einschmelzen von metallhaltigen Rohstoffen, Reststoffen und/oder Sekundärreststoffen |
| DE102020215140A1 (de) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-02 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren und Einschmelzaggregat zum pyrometallurgischen Einschmelzen von metallhaltigen Rohstoffen, Reststoffen und/oder Sekundärreststoffen |
| US11978931B2 (en) | 2021-02-11 | 2024-05-07 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Flow baffle for molten carbonate fuel cell |
| CN119604631A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2025-03-11 | 赫塔金属公司 | 用于从主要是氧化物的进料生产金属、合金、冰铜或富集且清洁的炉渣的方法和装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2545814B2 (ja) * | 1986-12-02 | 1996-10-23 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 溶融還元製錬装置 |
| MX174486B (es) | 1990-03-13 | 1994-05-18 | Cra Services | Un procedimiento para producir metales y aleaciones de metales en un recipiente de reduccion por fusion |
| AUPN226095A0 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1995-05-04 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | A method of producing metals and metal alloys |
| US5865876A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1999-02-02 | Ltv Steel Company, Inc. | Multipurpose lance |
| AUPO426396A0 (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 1997-01-23 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | A method of producing iron |
| IT1291118B1 (it) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-12-29 | Sviluppo Materiali Spa | Procedimento per la produzione diretta di ghisa a partire da minerale ferrifero fine e da carbone fossile ed apparecchiatura idonea per |
| AUPP647198A0 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 1998-11-05 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | A process and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys |
| JP2000146452A (ja) | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-26 | Nkk Corp | 固定式製錬炉 |
| AUPQ076399A0 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 1999-06-24 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | A direct smelting process and apparatus |
| AUPQ083599A0 (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 1999-07-01 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | Direct smelting vessel |
| AUPQ213099A0 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 1999-09-02 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | Pressure control |
| AUPQ365799A0 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 1999-11-18 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | A direct smelting apparatus and process |
| AUPQ599400A0 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2000-03-23 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | Direct smelting process and apparatus |
| AUPQ630600A0 (en) * | 2000-03-16 | 2000-04-15 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | Direct smelting plant |
| AUPR023100A0 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2000-10-12 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | A direct smelting process and apparatus |
| AUPR624801A0 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2001-08-02 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | A gas injection lance |
| AUPR817201A0 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2001-11-01 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | Supplying solid feed materials for a direct smelting process |
| RU2325445C2 (ru) * | 2002-07-10 | 2008-05-27 | Корус Текнолоджи Бв | Металлургический сосуд и способ прямого восстановления железа |
| AU2003901693A0 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2003-05-01 | Technological Resources Pty Ltd | Direct smelting process and plant |
| AU2003901692A0 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2003-05-01 | Technological Resources Pty Ltd | Direct smelting plant |
| AU2005215826B2 (en) | 2004-02-23 | 2009-12-03 | Technological Resources Pty. Limited | Direct smelting plant and process |
| BRPI0508821A (pt) | 2004-03-17 | 2007-08-07 | Tech Resources Pty Ltd | método de construir e posteriormente instalar em um local de montagem de instalação para fusão direta uma unidade de fusão que compreende um vaso para fusão direta |
| WO2005103305A1 (en) | 2004-04-26 | 2005-11-03 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | Metallurgical processing installation |
| CA2575098C (en) | 2004-07-27 | 2015-02-10 | Technological Resources Pty. Limited | Apparatus for injecting solid particulate material into a vessel |
| TWI373529B (en) | 2004-07-27 | 2012-10-01 | Tech Resources Pty Ltd | Smelting apparatus |
| EP1652941B1 (en) | 2004-10-15 | 2009-05-27 | Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. | Apparatus for injecting gas into a vessel |
| UA91599C2 (ru) * | 2006-03-01 | 2010-08-10 | ТЕХНОЛОДЖИКАЛ РЕСОРСИЗ ПиТиВай. ЛИМИТЕД | Установка прямой плавки (варианты) |
-
2007
- 2007-01-03 UA UAA200811689A patent/UA91599C2/ru unknown
- 2007-01-03 UA UAA200811693A patent/UA91601C2/ru unknown
- 2007-01-03 UA UAA200811694A patent/UA91744C2/ru unknown
- 2007-01-03 UA UAA200811690A patent/UA91600C2/ru unknown
- 2007-03-01 BR BRPI0708475A patent/BRPI0708475B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2007-03-01 RU RU2008138872/02A patent/RU2431679C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-03-01 CA CA002642667A patent/CA2642667A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-03-01 UA UAA200811688A patent/UA91412C2/ru unknown
- 2007-03-01 CN CNA2007800158598A patent/CN101437966A/zh active Pending
- 2007-03-01 WO PCT/AU2007/000253 patent/WO2007098556A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-01 BR BRPI0708457-9A patent/BRPI0708457B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-03-01 US US12/281,287 patent/US8562903B2/en active Active
- 2007-03-01 RU RU2008138881/02A patent/RU2431682C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-03-01 WO PCT/AU2007/000248 patent/WO2007098551A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-01 US US12/281,237 patent/US8313690B2/en active Active
- 2007-03-01 MX MX2008011184A patent/MX2008011184A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2007-03-01 EP EP07718534A patent/EP2004866B1/en active Active
- 2007-03-01 CA CA2642674A patent/CA2642674C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-01 MY MYPI20083343A patent/MY146512A/en unknown
- 2007-03-01 CN CN2007800157491A patent/CN101432447B/zh active Active
- 2007-03-01 US US12/281,290 patent/US8562902B2/en active Active
- 2007-03-01 KR KR1020087023546A patent/KR101349124B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-01 RU RU2008138877/02A patent/RU2431678C2/ru active
- 2007-03-01 CN CN2007800157699A patent/CN101432448B/zh active Active
- 2007-03-01 KR KR1020087023467A patent/KR101300731B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-01 US US12/281,250 patent/US8318081B2/en active Active
- 2007-03-01 KR KR1020087023999A patent/KR101350195B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-01 WO PCT/AU2007/000250 patent/WO2007098553A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-01 WO PCT/AU2007/000247 patent/WO2007098550A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-01 KR KR1020087023997A patent/KR101349238B1/ko active Active
- 2007-03-01 CA CA2642707A patent/CA2642707C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-01 CN CN2012102979243A patent/CN102851434A/zh active Pending
- 2007-03-01 WO PCT/AU2007/000249 patent/WO2007098552A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-01 JP JP2008556615A patent/JP5248333B2/ja active Active
- 2007-03-01 CN CN2007800157595A patent/CN101432445B/zh active Active
- 2007-03-01 RU RU2008138878/02A patent/RU2431681C2/ru active
- 2007-03-01 CA CA2642711A patent/CA2642711C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-01 BR BRPI0708458A patent/BRPI0708458B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-03-01 CN CN2007800156094A patent/CN101432446B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-01 RU RU2008138874/02A patent/RU2431680C2/ru active
- 2007-03-01 AU AU2007219729A patent/AU2007219729B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-01 BR BRPI0708479-0A patent/BRPI0708479B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-08-29 ZA ZA200807435A patent/ZA200807435B/xx unknown
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