US20040144690A1 - Diesel fuel compositions - Google Patents

Diesel fuel compositions Download PDF

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US20040144690A1
US20040144690A1 US10/738,078 US73807803A US2004144690A1 US 20040144690 A1 US20040144690 A1 US 20040144690A1 US 73807803 A US73807803 A US 73807803A US 2004144690 A1 US2004144690 A1 US 2004144690A1
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fuel
fischer
engine
tropsch derived
tropsch
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David Lloyd
Trevor Stephenson
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Shell USA Inc
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Assigned to SHELL OIL COMPANY reassignment SHELL OIL COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LLOYD, DAVID HUGH, STEPHENSON, TREVOR
Publication of US20040144690A1 publication Critical patent/US20040144690A1/en
Priority to US13/480,783 priority Critical patent/US20120234278A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
    • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
    • C10L2200/0492—Fischer-Tropsch products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
    • C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of operating compression ignition engines using certain types of diesel fuel compositions.
  • a method of improving the responsiveness of a compression ignition engine and/or a vehicle powered by such an engine is provided by replacing in said engine a fuel composition which contains no Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel by a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel or a fuel composition which contains a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel.
  • a method of operating a compression ignition engine and/or a vehicle which is powered by such an engine comprising introducing into a combustion chamber of the engine a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel or a fuel composition containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel, thereby improving the responsiveness of said engine and/or said vehicle compared to a fuel composition which contains no Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel.
  • FIG. 1 is a plot of acceleration times when using conventional diesel fuels F 1 and F 2 and Fischer-Tropsch blends B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 , as described in Example 1 below.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived fuels can contribute to an improvement in the responsiveness of a compression ignition engine and/or a vehicle which is powered by such an engine.
  • a fuel composition containing such components can therefore be used to help improve the performance, particularly the acceleration, of such an engine or vehicle.
  • a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel in a fuel composition, for the purpose of improving the responsiveness of a compression ignition engine and/or a vehicle powered by such an engine, into which engine the fuel composition is introduced.
  • “improving the responsiveness” means as compared to the responsiveness of an engine and/or a vehicle wherein the fuel composition used contains no Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel.
  • a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel or of a fuel composition containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel, to improve the responsiveness of a compression ignition engine and/or a vehicle powered by such an engine, into which engine said fuel or fuel composition is introduced.
  • said compression ignition engine is preferably a turbocharged direct injection diesel engine.
  • a method of operating a compression ignition engine and/or a vehicle which is powered by such an engine which method involves introducing into a combustion chamber of the engine a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel or a fuel composition containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel, for the purpose of improving the responsiveness of said engine and/or said vehicle.
  • said compression ignition engine is preferably a turbocharged direct injection diesel engine.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel should be suitable for use as a diesel fuel. Its components (or the majority, for instance 95% w/w or greater, thereof) should therefore have boiling points within the typical diesel fuel (“gas oil”) range, i.e. from 150 to 400° C. or from 150 to 370° C. It will suitably have a 90% v/v distillation temperature (T90) of from 300 to 370° C.
  • gas oil typically diesel fuel
  • T90 90% v/v distillation temperature
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived is meant that the fuel is, or derives from (produced from), a synthesis product of a Fischer-Tropsch condensation process.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch reaction converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen into longer chain, usually paraffinic, hydrocarbons:
  • n(CO+2H 2 ) (—CH 2 —) n +nH 2 O+heat
  • the carbon monoxide and hydrogen may themselves be derived from organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic sources, typically either from natural gas or from organically derived methane.
  • a gas oil product may be obtained directly from this reaction, or indirectly for instance by fractionation of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product or from a hydrotreated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product.
  • Hydrotreatment can involve hydrocracking to adjust the boiling range (see, e.g. GB-B-2077289 and EP-A-0147873) and/or hydroisomerisation which can improve cold flow properties by increasing the proportion of branched paraffins.
  • EP-A-0583836 describes a two-step hydrotreatment process in which a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product is firstly subjected to hydroconversion under conditions such that it undergoes substantially no isomerisation or hydrocracking (this hydrogenates the olefinic and oxygen-containing components), and then at least part of the resultant product is hydroconverted under conditions such that hydrocracking and isomerisation occur to yield a substantially paraffinic hydrocarbon fuel.
  • the desired gas oil fraction(s) may subsequently be isolated for instance by distillation.
  • Typical catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of paraffinic hydrocarbons comprise, as the catalytically active component, a metal from Group VIII of the periodic table, in particular ruthenium, iron, cobalt or nickel. Suitable such catalysts are described for example in EP-A-0583836 (pages 3 and 4).
  • Fischer-Tropsch based process is the SMDS (Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis) described in “The Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis Process”, van der Burgt et al (paper delivered at the 5 th Synfuels Worldwide Symposium, Washington D.C., November 1985; see also the November 1989 publication of the same title from Shell International Petroleum Company Ltd., London, UK).
  • SMDS Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis
  • This process also sometimes referred to as the ShellTM “Gas-to-Liquids” or “GTL” technology
  • produces middle distillate range products by conversion of a natural gas (primarily methane) derived synthesis gas into a heavy long-chain hydrocarbon (paraffin) wax which can then be hydroconverted and fractionated to produce liquid transport fuels such as the gas oils useable in diesel fuel compositions.
  • a natural gas primarily methane
  • paraffin paraffin wax
  • a version of the SMDS process utilizing a fixed-bed reactor for the catalytic conversion step, is currently in use in Bintulu, Malaysia and its products have been blended with petroleum derived gas oils in commercially available automotive fuels.
  • Gas oils prepared by the SMDS process are commercially available from the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies. Further examples of Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oils are described in EP-A-0583836, EP-A-1101813, WO-A-97/14768, WO-A-97/14769, WO-A-00/20534, WO-A-00/20535, WO-A-01/11116, WO-A-01/11117, WO-A-01/83406, WO-A-01/83641, WO-A-01/83647, WO-A-01/83648 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,426.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil will consist of at least 70% w/w, preferably at least 80% w/w, more preferably at least 90% w/w, most preferably at least 95% w/w, of paraffinic components, preferably iso- and linear paraffins.
  • the weight ratio of iso-paraffins to normal paraffins will suitably be greater than 0.3 and may be up to 12; suitably it is from 2 to 6. The actual value for this ratio will be determined, in part, by the hydroconversion process used to prepare the gas oil from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product. Some cyclic paraffins may also be present.
  • a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil has essentially no, or undetectable levels of, sulphur and nitrogen. Compounds containing these heteroatoms tend to act as poisons for Fischer-Tropsch catalysts and are therefore removed from the synthesis gas feed. Further, the process as usually operated produces no or virtually no aromatic components.
  • the aromatics content of a Fischer-Tropsch gas oil as determined by ASTM D4629, will typically be below 1% w/w, preferably below 0.5% w/w and more preferably below 0.1% w/w.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil used in the present invention will typically have a density from 0.76 to 0.79 g/cm 3 at 15° C.; a cetane number (ASTM D613) greater than 70, suitably from 74 to 85; a kinematic viscosity from 2.0 to 4.5, preferably from 2.5 to 4.0, more preferably from 2.9 to 3.7, mm 2 /s at 40° C.; and a sulphur content of 5 ppmw (parts per million by weight) or less, preferably of 2 ppmw or less.
  • Preferably it is a product prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch methane condensation reaction using a hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio of less than 2.5, preferably less than 1.75, more preferably from 0.4 to 1.5, and ideally using a cobalt containing catalyst.
  • a hydrocracked Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product for instance as described in GB-B-2077289 and/or EP-A-0147873
  • a product from a two-stage hydroconversion process such as that described in EP-A-0583836 (see above).
  • preferred features of the hydroconversion process may be as disclosed at pages 4 to 6, and in the examples, of EP-A-0583836.
  • the present invention is particularly applicable where the fuel composition is used or intended to be used in a direct injection diesel engine, for example of the rotary pump, in-line pump, unit pump, electronic unit injector or common rail type, or in an indirect injection diesel engine. It may be of particular value for rotary pump engines, and in other diesel engines which rely on mechanical actuation of the fuel injectors and/or a low pressure pilot injection system.
  • the fuel composition may be suitable for use in heavy and/or light duty diesel engines.
  • the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil used may be from 0.5 to 100% v/v of the overall diesel fuel composition, preferably from 0.5 to 75% v/v. It is particularly preferred for the composition to contain 1 to 50% v/v, and particularly 1 to 25% v/v, of the Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil.
  • the balance of the fuel composition is made up of one or more other fuels.
  • the SMDS reaction products suitably have boiling points within the typical diesel fuel range (between 150 and 370° C.), a density of between 0.76 and 0.79 g/cm at 15° C., a cetane number greater than 72.7 (typically between 75 and 82), a sulphur content of less than 5 ppmw, a viscosity between 2.9 and 3.7 mm 2 /s at 40° C. and an aromatics content of no greater than 1% w/w.
  • the fuel composition of the present invention may, if required, contain one or more additives as described below.
  • Detergent-containing diesel fuel additives are known and commercially available, for instance from Infineum (e.g. F7661 and F7685) and Octel (e.g. OMA 4130D). Such additives may be added to diesel fuels at relatively low levels (their “standard” treat rates providing typically less than 100 ppmw active matter detergent in the overall additivated fuel composition) intended merely to reduce or slow the build up of engine deposits.
  • detergents suitable for use in fuel additives for the present purpose include polyolefin substituted succinimides or succinamides of polyamines, for instance polyisobutylene succinimides or polyisobutylene amine succinamides, aliphatic amines, Mannich bases or amines and polyolefin (e.g. polyisobutylene) maleic anhydrides.
  • Succinimide dispersant additives are described for example in GB-A-960493, EP-A-0147240, EP-A-0482253, EP-A-0613938, EP-A-0557561 and WO-A-98/42808.
  • Particularly preferred are polyolefin substituted succinimides such as polyisobutylene succinimides.
  • the additive may contain other components in addition to the detergent.
  • lubricity enhancers e.g. alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers such as those commercially available as NALCOTM EC5462A (formerly 7D07) (ex Nalco) and TOLADTM 2683 (ex Petrolite); anti-foaming agents (e.g. the polyether-modified polysiloxanes commercially available as TEGOPRENTM 5851 and Q 25907 (ex Dow Corning), SAGTM TP-325 (ex OSi) and RHODORSILTM (ex Rhone Poulenc)); ignition improvers (cetane improvers) (e.g.
  • EHN 2-ethylhexyl nitrate
  • cyclohexyl nitrate di-tert-butyl peroxide and those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,208,190 at column 2, line 27 to column 3, line 21
  • anti-rust agents e.g.
  • RC 4801 a propane-1,2-diol semi-ester of tetrapropenyl succinic acid, or polyhydric alcohol esters of a succinic acid derivative, the succinic acid derivative having on at least one of its alpha-carbon atoms an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from 20 to 500 carbon atoms, e.g. the pentaerythritol diester of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic acid); corrosion inhibitors; reodorants; anti-wear additives; anti-oxidants (e.g. phenolics such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or phenylenediamines such as N,N′-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine); and metal deactivators.
  • phenolics such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or phenylenediamines such as N,N′-d
  • the additive include a lubricity enhancer, especially when the fuel composition has a low (e.g. 500 ppmw or less) sulphur content.
  • the lubricity enhancer is conveniently present at a concentration between 50 and 1000 ppmw, preferably between 100 and 1000 ppmw.
  • Suitable commercially available lubricity enhancers include EC 832 and PARADYNETM 655 (ex Infineum), HITECTM E580 (ex Ethyl Corporation), VEKTRONTM 6010 (ex Infineum) and amide-based additives such as those available from the Lubrizol Chemical Company, for instance LZ 539 C.
  • Other lubricity enhancers are described in the patent literature, in particular in connection with their use in low sulfur content diesel fuels, for example in:
  • WO-A-95/33805 cold flow improvers to enhance lubricity of low sulfur fuels
  • WO-A-94/17160 certain esters of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol wherein the acid has from 2 to 50 carbon atoms and the alcohol has 1 or more carbon atoms, particularly glycerol monooleate and di-isodecyl adipate, as fuel additives for wear reduction in a diesel engine injection system;
  • WO-A-98/01516 certain alkyl aromatic compounds having at least one carboxyl group attached to their aromatic nuclei, to confer anti-wear lubricity effects particularly in low sulfur diesel fuels.
  • the additive contain an anti-foaming agent, more preferably in combination with an anti-rust agent and/or a corrosion inhibitor and/or a lubricity additive.
  • the (active matter) concentration of each such additional component in the additivated fuel composition is preferably up to 10000 ppmw, more preferably in the range from 5 to 1000 ppmw, advantageously from 75 to 300 ppmw, such as from 95 to 150 ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of any dehazer in the fuel composition will preferably be in the range from 1 to 20 ppmw, more preferably from 1 to 15 ppmw, still more preferably from 1 to 10 ppmw, advantageously from 1 to 5 ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of any ignition improver present will preferably be 600 ppmw or less, more preferably 500 ppmw or less, conveniently from 300 to 500 ppmw.
  • the additive will typically contain the detergent, optionally together with other components as described above, and a diesel fuel-compatible diluent, which may be a carrier oil (e.g. a mineral oil), a polyether, which may be capped or uncapped, a non-polar solvent such as toluene, xylene, white spirits and those sold by member companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group under the trade mark “SHELLSOL”, and/or a polar solvent such as an ester and, in particular, an alcohol, e.g.
  • a diesel fuel-compatible diluent which may be a carrier oil (e.g. a mineral oil), a polyether, which may be capped or uncapped, a non-polar solvent such as toluene, xylene, white spirits and those sold by member companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group under the trade mark “SHELLSOL”, and/or a polar solvent such as an ester and, in particular, an alcohol, e.g.
  • hexanol 2-ethylhexanol, decanol, isotridecanol and alcohol mixtures such as those sold by member companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group under the trade mark “LINEVOL”, especially LINEVOLTM 79 alcohol which is a mixture of C 7-9 primary alcohols, or the C 12-14 alcohol mixture commercially available from Sidobre Sinnova, France under the trade mark “SIPOL”.
  • LINEVOL especially LINEVOLTM 79 alcohol which is a mixture of C 7-9 primary alcohols, or the C 12-14 alcohol mixture commercially available from Sidobre Sinnova, France under the trade mark “SIPOL”.
  • the additive may be suitable for use in heavy and/or light duty diesel engines.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch fuel may be used in combination with any other fuel suitable for use in a diesel engine, such as a conventional base fuel.
  • Vegetable oils may also be used in mixture with the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel, either per se or in blends with other hydrocarbon fuels.
  • Such a conventional base fuel may typically comprise liquid hydrocarbon middle distillate fuel oil(s), for instance petroleum derived gas oils.
  • Such fuels will typically have boiling points with the usual diesel range of 150 to 400° C., depending on grade and use. It will typically have a density from 0.75 to 0.9 g/cm 3 , preferably from 0.8 to 0.86 g/cm 3 , at 15° C. (e.g. ASTM D4502 or IP 365) and a cetane number (ASTM D613) of from 35 to 80, more preferably from 40 to 75. It will typically have an initial boiling point in the range 150 to 230° C. and a final boiling point in the range 290 to 400° C. Its kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (ADTM D445) might suitably be from 1.5 to 4.5 mm 2 /s.
  • the fuel may itself be additivated (additive-containing) or unadditivated (additive-free). If additivated, e.g. at the refinery, it will contain minor amounts of one or more additives selected for example from anti-static agents, pipeline drag reducers, flow improvers (e.g. ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers) and wax anti-settling agents (e.g. those commercially available under the Trade Marks “PARAFLOW” (e.g. PARAFLOWTM 450, ex Infineum), “OCTEL” (e.g. OCTELTM W 5000, ex Octel) and “DODIFLOW” (e.g. DODIFLOWTM v 3958, ex Hoechst).
  • additives selected for example from anti-static agents, pipeline drag reducers, flow improvers (e.g. ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or acrylate/maleic anhydride copo
  • FIG. 1 shows acceleration times when using conventional diesel fuels F 1 and F 2 and Fischer-Tropsch blends B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 , as described in Example 1 below.
  • This example illustrates the effects on the responsiveness of a first engine using Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel fuel.
  • the fuels used in the tests were petroleum derived diesel fuels F 1 and F 2 , and blends containing varying proportions of petroleum derived diesel fuel F 1 and a Fischer-Tropsch (SMDS) derived diesel fuel F 3 .
  • the properties of fuels F 1 , F 2 and F 3 are shown in Table 1: TABLE 1 Fuel property F1 F2 F3 Density @ 15° C. 844.4 824.1 785.2 (IP365/ASTM D4502), kg/cm 3 Distillation (IP23/ASTM D86) Initial boiling 183.1 176.0 211.5 point, ° C. T50, ° C. 280 250.0 298 T90, ° C. 333.8 330.0 339 Final boiling point, 373.3 357.0 354.5 ° C.
  • Fuel F 3 had been obtained from a Fischer-Tropsch (SMDS) synthesis product via a two-stage hydroconversion process analogous to that described in EP-A-0583836.
  • SMDS Fischer-Tropsch
  • test engine had the specification set out in Table 2: TABLE 2 Type Audi 2.5 TDI AAT Compression Ignition Number of cylinders 5 Swept volume 2460 cm 3 Bore 81.0 mm Stroke 95.5 mm Number of cylinders 5 Nominal compression ratio 21.0:1 Maximum charge pressure 1.65 bar (1650 kPa) @ 4000 rpm Maximum power (boosted) 115 brake horsepower (85.8 kilowatts) @ 4000 rpm (DIN) Maximum torque (boosted) 265 Nm (DIN) @ 2250 rpm
  • blends B 1 , B 2 and B 3 containing respectively 15% v/v, 30% v/v and 50% v/v of Fischer-Tropsch derived (SMDS) diesel fuel F 3 in admixture with fuel F 2 were compared with fuels F 1 and F 2 .
  • SMDS Fischer-Tropsch derived
  • Blends B 1 , B 2 and B 3 were prepared in 200L drums by splash blending, i.e. the component in the smaller quantity is introduced first and this is then topped up with the component in the larger quantity to ensure good mixing.
  • Responsiveness relates to the response of an engine to changes in throttle position (i.e. drive demand) and the use of a bench engine brings the throttle under direct computer control.
  • the responsiveness of a compression ignition engine may be established by measuring acceleration times.
  • Speed calculations were made using a 60-tooth wheel and a magnetic speed pick-up.
  • a computer converted a frequency signal generated by this equipment to rev/min.
  • a signal from the in-cylinder pressure transducer was measured with HSDA (High Speed Data Acquisition Apparatus) to calculate IMEP.
  • HSDA High Speed Data Acquisition Apparatus
  • blend B 1 the engine accelerated much more quickly than when using fuels F 1 and F 2 . It can be determined from the graph (by reference to the density) that blends of from 1 to 25% v/v Fischer-Tropsch fuel with fuel F 1 would produce greater acceleration than fuel F 1 .
  • This example illustrates the effects on the responsiveness of a second engine using Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel fuel, and by reference to acceleration time measured with a Renault Kangoo light van in chassis dynamometer tests.
  • the fuels used in the tests were a petroleum derived diesel fuel F 4 , and a blend B 4 containing 85% by volume of said diesel fuel F 4 and 15% Fischer-Tropsch (SMDS) derived diesel fuel (fuel F 3 of Table 1).
  • SMDS Fischer-Tropsch
  • test vehicle had the specification set out in Table 6: TABLE 6 Make Renault Model Kangoo 1.5 cDi Year 2003 Engine capacity 1461 cm 3 Nominal power 65 PS Max. speed 146 km/h Weight 1160 kg Emissions category Euro 3
  • the engine was fitted with a common rail fuel injection system. No modifications were made to the engine or fuel injection system for this test.
  • the test vehicle was representative of standard production vehicles.
  • the vehicle was installed on a chassis dynamometer, using an inertia setting equivalent to the nominal weight of the vehicle plus driver, and rolling resistance and wind resistance settings calculated from the observed “coast-down” speed of the vehicle on level ground.
  • Acceleration times were measured from 32-80 km/h (20-50 mph) in 3rd gear, from 48-96 km/h (30-60 mph) in 4th gear, and from 80-112 km/h (50-70 mph) in 5th gear.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US10/738,078 2002-12-20 2003-12-17 Diesel fuel compositions Abandoned US20040144690A1 (en)

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Cited By (5)

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EP1686165A1 (en) * 2005-02-01 2006-08-02 Gibson Chemical Corporation Method for manufacturing bio-diesel oil containing alkane compounds
US20080033220A1 (en) * 2006-06-28 2008-02-07 Clark Richard H Fuel compositions
US20080155887A1 (en) * 2006-10-05 2008-07-03 Clark Richard Hugh Fuel consuming system
US20120138508A1 (en) * 2008-12-26 2012-06-07 Nobuhiro Okabe Diesel fuel composition
US20160230100A1 (en) * 2013-09-30 2016-08-11 Shell Oil Company Fischer-tropsch derived gas oil fraction

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2004295472B2 (en) * 2003-12-01 2009-02-26 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Power increase and increase in acceleration performance of a compression ignition engine provided by the diesel fuel composition
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