Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
  • D06M15/15—Proteins or derivatives thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2033—Coating or impregnation formed in situ [e.g., by interfacial condensation, coagulation, precipitation, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2221—Coating or impregnation is specified as water proof
  • Y10T442/2246—Nitrogen containing

Definitions

• the main object of the present invention is to provide a process by which textile fabrics may be rendered waterproof or water-repellent or both in such a way that these properties may be retained after the goods have been repeatedly washed and subjected to laundering operations without the use of india rubber or equivalent re-'- agents, and so that woven goods may be left freely permeable to air.
• the process according to the present invention consists in impregnating the material to be treated with a solution containing an animal or vegetable, albumen, or both; or globulin alone, or globulin with the animal albumen or vegetable albumen, orboth, and in subsequently coagulat ing the albumen or globulin, or both, by the action of heat, while, in order to render the material fast to soap, the treatment is associated withperiod of steaming and to reduce the temperature so that the coagulation may in that case be produced by a longer period ofsteaming at 100 .C., or even by a very long period at a lower temperature in the so-called cottage steamer.
• the material is further treated by being "boiled with soap.
• soap containing at lea-st 50 per cent of the fatty matter in the form-of the higher fatty acids-stearic or palmitic acid-and it is desirable thatthe amount of free the action on the material of a higher fattyacid,
• the boiling may be carried out in open vats
• the coagulated mass is soluble in soap.
• the albumen either remains soluble in water and uncoagulated, or it coagulates into the form which is soluble in soap solutions.
• the process of the present invention can be carried out without a separate and subsequent boiling with soap by employing an emulsion of a free fatty acid in the place of the soap referred to above, and this may be employed in the solution of the albumen or globulin, or both.
• the free fatty acids customarily employed as constituents in commercial soaps may be employed; that is to say, in general the higher fatty acids, either saturated or unsaturated and containing ten or more carbon atoms may be employed in media adjusted to correspond with the iso-electric point of the albumen.
• higher fatty acids to be em:- ployed in general those of low carbon content, for example, as occurring in cocoanut and palm kernel oils are inferior in effect for the purpose of the present invention to those of higher carbon content, for example such as found in largest quantity in tallows, palm oil and the like, and though there is little to choose in the effect prosuch waxes, and as are described, for example, in the specifications of British Patents Nos. 380,076, 380,065, 380,052, 394,816 and 421,519; the invention may also be applied to fabrics which have been subjected to processes depending upon the deposition of amphoteric albumenoid metal complexes, as described in my U. S. patent application Serial No. 205,818, filed May 3, 1938. The present process imparts fastness to soap to such fabrics, but in this case, it is necessary to free the fabric from any traces of free undecomposed amphoteric metal salts by washing with water.
• the repellent properties of the fabric as distinct from its water-proof property may be improved by emulsifying the albumen solution, or the albumen solution containing the emulsion of free fatty acid with water-repellent bodies such as waxes, before the solution is applied to the fibre.
• the waxy constituents are then carried into the fabric and maintained there by the insoluble complex of the albumen and fatty acid, or of the albumen, soap and fatty acid which is produced in carrying out the novel process.
• the wax when employed in this way, is resistant to the action of volatile solvents as used in dry cleaning, and to the action of soap, to a degree entirely incomparable with the resistance obtained when wax is deposited in the fabric from the ordinary well known wax emulsions which are much used.
• the present process may also be applied to fabrics which have already been subjected to waterproofing processes which do not render them fast to soap, for example to such processes as depend upon the deposition of waxes and the like from positively charged emulsions containing employed, and in general the temperature should not be allowed to exceed 60 C.
• emulsifying or wetting agents may be introduced with the waxes when making the emulsion if such a procedure should be preferred, although in general such conditions have been found to be unnecessary.
• concentrations of albumen of from 1 to 3 per cent are in general sufficient, although somewhat higher concentrations are preferred when a stiffer finish is required.
• light fabrics give the best effects with the lower concentrations, say of about 1 percent, whereas heavy fabrics do not develop the maximum effect until concentrations up to 5 per cent are employed. Concentrations above 5 per cent have been found to give no advantage on any normal fabric. Of course, for commercial reasons, the lowest concentration which is effective would be selected for each particular fabric.
• Example 1 Dried egg albumen is dissolved in cold water to a concentration of 20 per cent. 'Then 5 per cent sodium chloride solution is added to the solution to reduce it to 1 per cent concentration and to assist inthe solution of the globulines, and the solution is then buffered to pH 4.5 approximately by means of sodium acetate and acetic acid. A suitable anti-putrefying agent such as salicylic acid, thym'ol or the like is added.
• the resultant solution is used in the tank of 9. padding machine, the goods to be proofed being at rates of the order of 180 yards a minute, can
• the goods pass direct through the padding machine to an open steamer in which they. are submitted to the action of steam at a temperature of approximately 120 C. This steam need not be saturated but may be steam at atmospheric pressure heated up to 120 C.
• the goods then pass immediately forward into a jigger'containing an 0.5 per cent solution of soap, such as for example the substance known in the trade under the registered trade-mark,
• this emulsion is diluted with cold water, preferably containing 0.75 part per thousand of thymol (though this latter is unnecessary if the diluted solution is to be used up within 24 to 48 hours).
• cold water preferably containing 0.75 part per thousand of thymol (though this latter is unnecessary if the diluted solution is to be used up within 24 to 48 hours).
• 1 part by weight of the emulsion to 9 parts by weight of water, and
• a cotton poplin is padded so as to emerge containing from 80-100 per cent of its weight of the liquid, and is then directly passed to a high temperature continuous steamer by way of the usual pre-drying and heating tins so as to be acted upon by the steam at the temperature corresponding to a steam pressure of 20 lbs. above atmospheric pressure for 3 to 4 minutes.
• the fabric is directly in the condition for finishing operations, for example in the stenter, callender, and so forth.
• padding arrangements be adequate, as is common practice in the art, for example, by sequent immersions in successive holes of an open soaper, continuous throughput of the fabric from rough dry raw material to finished article be readily realised.
• Example 3 Under the precautions described in Example 2, 10 lbs. of albumen dissolved in 300 lbs. of water at a temperature of within 5 degrees of 50 C.,
• the emergent solution is diluted to a total weight of 1,000 lbs. with a solution obtained by dissolving 4 lbs. of 62' per centsoap made from beef tallow in 100 lbs. boiling water, diluting this to 2,000 lbs. by the addition of cold water, adding 1 lbs. thymol (which for convenience of addition may be introduced as its sodium salt) and then treating with acetic acid, or its equivalent, until the mixture shows a pH value of 4.5 and consequently becomes an emulsion of free fatty acids.
• the diluted mass is employed as a treating bath in which viscose yarn is impregnated, as for example in a hank dyeing machine.
• the saturated yarn is hydroextracted so as to retain about per cent of its weight of liquor and is then submitted to the action of steam in a steam chest at C. for 25 minutes.
• the yarn is then water repellent and waterproof and is not deprived of these properties by boiling soap solutions.
• Example 4 50 lbs. of albumen is dissolved in 300 lbs. of water containing 0.21 lb. of thymol (or an equivalent antiputrescent) in the cold, that is at temperatures between 15 and 25 C., and the solution .pressed through cloth to free it from gross impurity. To this filtered mass is now added a solution obtained by dissolving 2 lbs. of 62 per cent curd soap in 250 lbs. of boiling water and pouring this into 450 lbs'. of cold water containing lb. of thymol, which solution is brought to a pH value of 4.5 by the addition of acetic acid.
• thymol or an equivalent antiputrescent
• the resultant mix is employed as a padding liquor for the treatment of woolen tweed tissue in the known manner so as to cause the fabric to carry away approximately its own weight of the liquor.
• the impregnated fabric is partially or completely dried and is then submitted to the action of moist heat at '70-80 C. for 2 hours, whereafter the goods are finished as usual.
• Example 5 10 lbs. of albumen are dissolved in 100 lbs. of Water and the filtered solution brought to a temperature within 5 degrees of 50 C. with the previously described precautions against superheating. Into this mass is stirred 0.1 lb. of commercial stearic acid and 0.2 lb. of commercial oleic acid, which have been mixedand warmed to 50 C. and the whole passed through a homogenising machine.
• the emergent emulsion is diluted with 400 lbs. of water, the mixture brought to a value of pH 4.5 by the addition of acetic acid, and employed to treat a silk fabric, for example in a padding machine provided with suction boxes so regu-' lated as to leave 60-80 per cent of the liquor in as is customary in the art,.and then introduced in cold water till free from aluminium salts.
• Example 6 Felt hat shapes are wetted out in a5 per cent solution of sodium acetate, hydroextracted, and then immersed in a bath prepared by dissolving 100 parts of the emulsion prepared as described in Example 2, in 300 parts of water at 30 C. to which solution enough acetic acid (or its equivalent) has been added to give a pH value of 4.5.
• the goods after thorough impregnation are again hydroextracted so as to leave 80 to 100 per cent of their weight of liquor within them. They are now dried at 100 C. and submitted to steam at this temperature for minutes, when they may be at once submitted to the customary finishing processes.
• Example 7 100 pounds of a concentrated emulsion of pounds albumen, 10 poundsof parafiin wax and 10 pounds of liquid parafiln, to be described later, is diluted with 900 pounds of 5 percent salt solution buffered with acetic acid and sodium acetate to a pH value of 4.5 and containing 0.07 of thymol. A cotton poplin is padded through this solution, the excess of liquor is expressed, or hydroextracted leaving 80 to 100 per cent on the fabric. The fabric thus impregnated is run in open width by way of the customary drying tins" through a continuous steamer at 120 C. at such a rate that each part of the cloth is exposed to the steam for three minutes.
• the piece Upon emergence from the steamer, the piece passes direct in open width through a continuous soaper containing a neutral soap solution of a pH value not above 8.0 and preferably from 7 to 7.5, at the boil and thereafter as, for example, in the last compartments of the same machine, through clean water. The piece is then mangled and passed direct to drying or finishing or both, as usual.
• Example 8 An acid-dyed crepe de Chine is padded into a solution of albumen of 1.5 per cent strength, either containing emulsified wax or not, and the material is suction-boxed so as to leave 80-100 per cent of its weight of liquor in it.
• the goods are then dried in the usual manner. dried they are passed to the Indanthrene steamer and steamed at 2 pounds pressure for ten minutes; they are then removed and run in open width through the lukewarm solution of soap at a pH value of 'l or less, and of a concentration of one per thousand and Passed at once in the usual way to the Indanthrene steamer where it is again subjected to the action of steam at two pounds pressure for ten minutes.
• the goods are run, preferably in open width, through warm water rendered just acid by acetic acid, suctionboxed, and dried as usual.
• the fabric is waterproof, and the acid dyestufl which was previously fugitive to soap is proof to soap solutions,as is also the cloth itself.
• Example 9 An acetate rayon fabric which has been proofed according to the method set forth in my pending U. S. application No. 205,818, above referred to, without allowing it to dry, is washed It The result is that,
• Example II a solution containing 2 per cent of albumen, 1 per cent paramn wax, and 1 per cent liquid paraffin, as in Example I, and after mangling to a content of 80-100 per cent solution, is dried at a low temperature, as is necessary for such fabrics.
• the dried fabric is then exposed to steam at or near 100 Cpin a cottage steamer for two and a half to three and a half hours. After the steaming, the fabric is allowed to steep for thirty minutes in a neutral soap solution of 0.05 per cent strength at 90 C., and then washed in water, preferably just rendered acid with acetic acid, dried and When finished as usual.
• One example of the preparation of such a concentrated emulsion consists in dissolving 20 lbs. of egg albumen in the cold in lbs. of water, and then filtering the gross impurity from the syrup.
• a solution of 1.6 lbs. of 80 per cent acetic acid dissolved in 38.4 lbs. of water is added to the filtrate, and the mass raised to a temperature within 5 degrees of 50 degrees C. while precautions are taken against local overheating.
• This solution is incorporated in an emulsifying machine into a solution prepared separately, also at 'a temperature within 5 degrees C. of 50 degrees C. by incorporating 20 lbs. of paraflin wax having a melting point of 38 degrees C. with 2.25 lbs. of soap, calculated as per cent, and 0.14 lb. of thymol in 37.75 lbs. of water.
• the emulsion emerging from the machine has a pH value not above 5.0 and consists of an emulsion in water of albumen, wax, and free fatty acid, together with sodium acetate and thymol As already indicated, such an emulsion is particularly suitable for transport, and it actually can be used when diluted, in the methods described in any of the preceding examples.
• Another method of preparing a concentrated emulsion for use in the invention is as follows:
• a vessel heated by warm water the temperature of which is controlled by a thermostat, or by employing a jacketted vessel in the jacket of which there is the vapour of a liquid having, or caused to have by regulation of the pressure, a boiling point within 5 degrees on either side of 50 degrees C.
• Ten pounds of paraflin wax of a melting point of 42 degrees C., melted into 10 pounds of liquid paraflln havin a boiling point above 300 degrees C. is added to the warmed mass, the mixture added preferably also being at 50 degrees C., and must not be above 60 degrees C.
• the whole is well mixed and passed through an emulsifying machine, the
• the syrup and the mixture of paraflin oil and wax may 'of course be run simultaneously and continuously into the feeding hopper of the emulsifying machine.
• the emulsion so produced is very stable and may be preserved almost indefinitely without deterioration. It may be diluted with plain water to the desired concentration for use.
• the diluting agent is an aqueous salt solution of 5 to per cent strength brought to the iso-electric point .of the albumen by being buffered, for example by acetic acid and sodium acetate containing 0.08 per cent of thymol which ensures stability of the dilute emulsion.
• the process for the treatment of textile 21 The process for the treatment of textile materials which consists in emulsifying a wax in a solution containing an albuminous substance selected from the group consisting of albumen and globulin, impregnating the textile material with the resulting emulsion, subsequently coagulating said albuminous substance by the action of heat; and reacting said coagulated albuminous substance upon the fibre with a higher fatty acid.
• albumen and globulin subsequently coagulatingv said albuminous substance by the action of heat, and reacting said coagulated albuminous substance upon the fibre with a higher fatty acid.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=27254969

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (1)

• 0
  • NL NL51576D patent/NL51576C/xx active
  • BE BE426205D patent/BE426205A/xx unknown
• 1937
  • 1937-02-06 GB GB362337A patent/GB490215A/en not_active Expired
• 1938
  • 1938-02-01 US US18818838 patent/US2250377A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1938-02-03 FR FR833123D patent/FR833123A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1938-02-07 CH CH211101D patent/CH211101A/de unknown

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