US3137446A - Multiple nozzle apparatus - Google Patents

Multiple nozzle apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3137446A
US3137446A US208434A US20843462A US3137446A US 3137446 A US3137446 A US 3137446A US 208434 A US208434 A US 208434A US 20843462 A US20843462 A US 20843462A US 3137446 A US3137446 A US 3137446A
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Prior art keywords
liquid
nozzle
piping
common
nozzles
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Expired - Lifetime
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US208434A
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English (en)
Inventor
Masuda Senichi
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Onoda Cement Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/004—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area comprising sensors for monitoring the delivery, e.g. by displaying the sensed value or generating an alarm
    • B05B12/006—Pressure or flow rate sensors
    • B05B12/008—Pressure or flow rate sensors integrated in or attached to a discharge apparatus, e.g. a spray gun
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0483—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with gas and liquid jets intersecting in the mixing chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to a spray apparatus employing a so-called two-fluid nozzle which produces minute and uniform liquid particles by mixing and jetting the liquid and air, more particularly to a spray apparatus in which a plurality of such nozzles are provided in association with a common air-supply pipe and a common liquid-supply pipe so as to be operated in parallel, and in which a provision is made such that nonuniformity of spraying produced by the respective two-fluid nozzles is eliminated and thus spraying rates and sprayed particle diameters of the respective nozzles are kept completely uniform.
  • the diameter of the sprayed particles obtained by means of such type of nozzle depends upon the flowing rates of liquid and air supplied thereto, and therefore, if a predetermined diameter of liquid spray is desired to be obtained, the flowing rates of the liquid and air must be maintained at the predetermined values corresponding to the desired diameter.
  • the respective nozzles in association with a common air piping and a common liquid piping.
  • the spraying rates and the sprayed particle diameters of the respective nozzles in general, become extremely unbalanced, and for some of the nozzles the spraying rate increases and the sprayed particles become coarse, while for the other nozzles the spraying rate decreases and the sprayed particles become extremely fine.
  • the present invention provides a method which elimi nates the above-mentioned disadvantage, and equalizes the spraying rates and the sprayed particle diameters for the respective nozzles to each other as well as to the values for a single nozzle used under the same spraying condition by completely equalizing the flowing rate of the liquid distributed to the respective nozzles even in the case of providing a plurality of nozzles in association with a common air piping and a common liquid piping, and thereby is able to easily produce a completely uniform and minute spray having a predetermined flowing rate and a predetermined particle diameter by providing a plurality of corresponding nozzles in association with a common air piping and a common liquid piping and operating them in parallel under the corresponding spray-1 ing condition.
  • the novel method according to the present invention is characterized by the fact that upon providing a plu rality of two-fluid nozzles in association with a common air piping and a common liquid piping, a fluid resistor which has sufficiently high resistance with respect to the fluid resistance of the common and branch liquid piping circuit is inserted for each nozzle at any place along the branch liquid piping circuit leading from the common liquid piping to the respective nozzles.
  • This fluid resistor may be realized either by an orifice, iris, capillary tube, etc. having a fixed resistance value.
  • the re-; sistance value is preferably at least five times as high as the total fluid resistance of the common and branch liquid piping circuits (from a main valve to each nozzle),
  • the above-referred fluid resistor for each nozzle may be selected to have different resistance values for the respective nozzles so as to strictly equalize the liquid flowing rates through the respective nozzles by equalizing the total fluid resistance from a liquid source or a main valve in a common liquid piping to each noz-- zle.
  • the above-referred liquid resistance itself generally occupies the greater part of the total liquid piping resistance, even if the same resistance value is taken by the respective nozzles, no significant difference occurs between the liquid flowing rates for the respective nozzles, and therefore, this is more preferable.
  • the above-referred liquid resistor may be located at any place along the above-mentioned branch liquid piping circuit, it is most preferable to provide thisin association with the nozzle itself.
  • the above-referred liquid resistor may be integrally formed as a part of either the nozzle itself or the abovementioned branch liquid piping circuit, it is more preferable to use such structure that only the fluid resistor is formed separately and fixedly inserted into the nozzle itself or into the above-mentioned branch piping circuitin any suitable manner, in order that the fluid resistor may be exchangable as a provision for wearing.
  • the above-referred fluid resistor would be in 3 general, heavily worn, it is preferable to use hard materials therefore, and the resistor will become more effective when subjected to Kanizen plating.
  • the fluid resistor specially provided in the abovementioned branch liquid piping circuit which characterizes the present invention, gives a high fluid resistance to the circuits leading from the liquid source or the main valve of the common liquid piping to the respective nozzles, and also occupies most part of the total resistance along the above-referred circuits, so that most part of the pressure drop between the liquid source or the common liquid piping and the respective nozzles (this drop essentially increases due to the insertion of the above resistor) becomes concentrated and appears across the above-referred resistor, and accordingly the unbalanced distribution of the liquid flowing rate over the respective nozzles due to the fact that air would flow backward to the upper stream beyond the above liquid resistor and that the liquid would flow in a layer along the inner wall surface within the common piping, may be completely prevented.
  • the flowing rates of air and the liquid supplied to each nozzle is exactly equal to those in the case of employing a single nozzle with the above-referred liquid resistor inserted into the liquid piping, and therefore it is a matter of course that the spray through each nozzle is equal in its flowing rate and particle diameter to that in the latter case, so long as the total resistance along the liquid piping from the liquid source of the main valve to the nozzle is negligibly small with respect to the resistance of the above-referred liquid resistor.
  • the spraying rate and the sprayed particle diameter corresponding to a single nozzle depend only upon the pressure (or flowing rate) of the liquid and air within the common pipings in the lower stream beyond the main valve, that if the above relation had been examined previously by means of a single nozzle with the above-referred liquid inserted into its liquid piping, tthe pressures of air and the liquid (alternatively the flowing rates of both for a single nozzle) required to obtain a predetermined particle diameter could be determined, and that by increasing the number of nozzles to be provided in association with the common pipings, the spraying rate can be increased to any extent at will without changing the sprayed particle diameter. This proves to be a distinctive advantage of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a nozzle and common pipings according to. one preferred embodiment of the present invention in which an exchangeable orifice is fixedly inserted at a liquid inlet of the nozzle,
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the same
  • FIGS. 3-1 and 32 are a front view and a sectional view along a section line A-B of FIG. 3-1, respectively, showing a structure of an extreme end portion of a nozzle which is adapted for practicing the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment which differs from the embodiment in FIG. 1 only in the manner of arranging nozzles,
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the same
  • FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of a nozzle according to still another embodiment of the present invention in which an orifice is formed integrally with the nozzle body at a liquid inlet of the nozzle,
  • FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a nozzle and a branch piping circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention in which an exchangeable orifice is fixedly inserted in the midway of the branch liquid piping circuit leading to the nozzle,
  • FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of a dust accumulation and solidification preventing type of nozzle and its common pipings, which is especially suitable in the case of embodying the present invention for spraying within a gas atmosphere containing dust,
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the same.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment which differs from that in FIG. 8 only in the manner of arranging nozzles, and
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the same.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings it illustrates the manner of embodying the present invention by forming the fluid resistor which characterize the invention as an exchangeable orifice, and fixedly inserting the same at the liquid inlet of the two-fluid nozzle so as to associate it with a common air piping and a common liquid piping.
  • FIG. 2 is an illustration of a nozzle set in which the above-mentioned two-fluid nozzles are associated with the common pipings in such manner.
  • a common air piping at 1 its main valve at 2
  • an air pressure gauge at 3 a common liquid piping at 4
  • its main valve at 5
  • a nozzle body 7
  • an exchangeable orifice 9 At a liquid inlet 8 of the nozzle body, is fixedly mounted an exchangeable orifice 9 by means of a shoulder 10 and an outwardly threaded pipe 11. A packing 12 prevents the liquid from leaking out.
  • an exchangeable head 14 At the extreme end of the nozzle body is mounted an exchangeable head 14 having a jet opening 13. The reason of making this part exchangeable, is because the jet opening would heavily wear, and accordingly this portion is preferably, as in the case of the orifice, made of wear-resistive materials, or subjected to Kanizen plating.
  • the respective nozzles provided with an orifice 9 having the same high resistance value in the above-mentioned manner, are mounted on to the common air piping 1 by means of threads 15, and also mounted on to the common liquid piping 4 by means of a union 16, in a coupled relation with the respective pipings.
  • Air is supplied from an air source, through the main valve 2, and common piping 1 to a mixing chamber 17 within the nozzle 7, while the liquid is supplied from a liquid source, through the main valve 5, common piping 4, and orifice 9 to the same chamber, and after mixed in the chamber they are jetted out from the jet opening 13. If the shape of the jet opening is circular, a conical shape of spray is obtained, while if it is rectangular, a sector shape of spray is obtained.
  • a satisfactory result may be obtained by forming the extreme end 18 of the head in a semi-sphere as shown in FIGS. 31 and 3-2, and cutting out a groove PQ in parallel to surface AB as shown in the figures.
  • the diameter of the opening 19 in the orifice 9 must be selected in such manner that the resistance due to the orifice 9 may occupy a most part of the total fluid resistance along the liquid piping circuit from the main valve 5 to the mixing chamber in each nozzle.
  • the flowing rates of the liquid and air supplied to the respective nozzles may be regulated by means of the valves'5 and 2, respectively, and thereby the sprayed particle diameter, spraying rate and entire shape of the spray may be varied.
  • flowing rate meters may be inserted in the common pipings for the liquid and air respectively to measure and regulate both flowing rates. Alternatively, however, this may be achieved by measuring the respective pressures by means of the pressure gauges 6 and 3 and by maintaining the pressure at predetermined values corresponding to the above-referred flowing rates, and this is simpler than the first-mentioned method.
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the invention, in which two-fluid nozzles having an exchangeable orifice fixedly inserted into the nozzle itself as shown in FIG. 1 are mounted in pairs on both sides of the common air and liquid pipings, and which has the same structure as the embodiment in FIG. 1 except that the coupling portion between the nozzle and the air piping consists of a union.
  • FIG. 5 shows a nozzle set employing the arrangement in FIG. 4. When the number of nozzles to be used is great, the arrangement as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is especially favorable for embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the fluid resistor characterizing the present invention is still realized by an orifice, but this is formed integrally with the nozzle body by simply machining a. part of the same rather than formed as an exchangeable means, in the figure the common air and liquid pipings being omitted and only the branch pipes and 21 being shown.
  • an orifice 9 integrally with the nozzle.
  • Other reference numerals are the same as in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 7 shows one example in which the present invention is embodied by providing the fluid resistor characterizing the present invention in the midway of the branch piping leading from the common liquid piping to the nozzle 7, rather than providing the same near to the liquid inlet, in this example an exchangeable orifice being used as the fluid resistor.
  • the common air and liquid pipings are omitted, and only the branch pipes leading therefrom to the nozzle are shown.
  • an exchangeable orifice which is fixed in position by means of a union 16.
  • the liquid piping between the union 16 and the liquid inlet 8 for the nozzle preferably is small in diameter so as not to introduce air therein, because the flowing rate of the liquid into the mixing chamber 17 would then cause no substantial variation.
  • the head 14 in this figure is shown as having a circular jet opening 13. Other reference numerals are the same as in FIG. 1.
  • the method of employing a plurality of two-fluid nozzles in parallel according to the present invention is especially suitable for producing a fine spray having predetermined uniform particle diameters in a large amount
  • the present method for cooling or humidity controlling a gas, it is possible to achieve perfect vaporization without causing a disadvantage such as wall wetting even with a very small volume of a drying column, cooling column or humidity controlling chamber.
  • the sprays 'from the respective nozzles should well extend within and mix with the surrounding gas as much as possible, without colliding with each other.
  • the arrangement of the nozzles is conveniently made in the form as shown in FIG. 5. Furthermore, a satisfactory result could be obtained by employing the heads as shown in FIGS.
  • the nozzles on the respective sides may be arranged in an interlaced relation rather than tilting the direction of the grooves.
  • the reparation between the nozzles may be about 10-50 cm. in vertical distance and about 20-100 cm. in horizontal distance. However, normally about 20 cm. of vertical distance and about 30 cm. of horizontal distance are a sutiicient reparation.
  • the spraying method of the present invention is employed for the purpose of humidity-controlling or cooling a gas containing dusts as in the case of humidity-controlling an input gas of an electric dust collector among the above-referred applications
  • a gas containing dusts as in the case of humidity-controlling an input gas of an electric dust collector
  • the nozzles as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 are used, generally a vortex is generated in the lower stream of the spray due to the nozzle set, and thereby a part of the sprayed particles flow backward, collide with the nozzles or the common pipings and thus wet them with the result that the dusts accumulate and solidify thereupon and thickly cover the entire nozzle set until the spraying is prevented.
  • this dust cover is normally so hard that it cannot be torn off by means of hammering.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a nozzle set in which the present invention is applied to the extreme end projecting type of two-fluid nozzle in FIG. 8.
  • the reference numerals and functions of the respective items in FIGS. 8 and 9 are quite the same as those in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the arrangement in FIG. 4 is advantageously employed. Such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 11 shows one example of nozzle set according to the arrangement in FIG. 10.
  • the reference numerals and functions of other items are quite the same as those in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the deposited dusts upon the extreme end portion may be easily torn off and may fall by means of hammering, if a step of either intermittently or continuously hammering by hand or machine is incorporated, a large amount of spraying into any kind of gas containing dusts is enabled by means of the extreme end projecting type of nozzle set as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 11.
  • a two-fluid nozzle of the type such that a mixing chamber is provided within the nozzle, and air and liquid are jetted out of a jet opening at the extreme end after being mixed in this chamber was illustrated; and the embodiments of the present invention were all described on the basis of this example.
  • This type of two-fluid nozzle is especially suitable for producing a uniform and minute spray, and in order to achieve the above-referred purpose of instantaneous spray vaporization for cooling and humidity-controlling a gas, it is often sufl'icient to make the flowing rate in volume (converted value at a standard condition) of air 100200 times as high as that of Water.
  • the present invention is applicable to any twofluid nozzles other than the inner mixing type, and it is a matter of course that the scope of the present invention covers every type of two-fluids nozzles.
  • An apparatus for spraying minute diameter particles of uniform distribution from a plurality of two-fluid nozzles comprising: A common gas piping; a common liquid piping; a first series of three-branched pipes, each pipe having one branch connected to said gas piping, one branch connected to said liquid piping and one branch having a nozzle at its end thereof, said series of threebranched pipes providing nozzles in parallel; a second series of three-branched pipes connected to said common gas piping and said common liquid piping in the same manner as said first series of three-branched pipes and provided directly opposite said common gas piping and said liquid piping from said first series of three-branched pipes; and a fluid resistor in the liquid branch of each three-branched pipe, having sufiiciently greater resistance than the total remaining resistance of the entire liquid flow path in order to equalize the liquid flow rate into each said nozzle; said one branch having a nozzle at its end, further having an extension thereon upstream from said nozzle to thereby provide an exit branch having an extended length.
  • a device in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid branch of each of said three-branched pipes is threadedly engaged into a socket at the junction of said other two branches; and said fluid resistor comprises an exchangeable orifice plate seated in said socket.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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US208434A 1961-08-23 1962-07-09 Multiple nozzle apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3137446A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3595482A (en) * 1968-02-19 1971-07-27 English Electric Co Ltd Spray devices
US3621918A (en) * 1969-08-14 1971-11-23 Earl M Damron Method and apparatus for suppressing dust in a mine
US3659428A (en) * 1969-12-01 1972-05-02 Nippon Kokan Kk Method for cooling steel materials
US3686825A (en) * 1970-04-08 1972-08-29 Lodge Cottrell Ltd Electro-precipitation
US3773260A (en) * 1971-12-20 1973-11-20 Nippon Kokan Kk Method of adjusting the cooling speed of welds
US4127233A (en) * 1977-05-25 1978-11-28 Nalco Chemical Company Apparatus and method for dispersing a liquid treating agent
US4643354A (en) * 1985-01-23 1987-02-17 Curtis-Dyna Products Corporation Multi-layer poultry vaccinator
US5523028A (en) * 1995-01-05 1996-06-04 Cool Fog Sysems, Inc. Fogger bar assembly
US6235088B1 (en) * 1997-04-21 2001-05-22 Kazuo Matsuura Alcohol separator for an alcohol solution
EP0960656A3 (fr) * 1998-05-27 2004-03-24 V.I.B Systems GmbH Humidificateur à buses
US20080093565A1 (en) * 2006-10-23 2008-04-24 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Charged particle beam system and its specimen holder

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US590128A (en) * 1897-09-14 browning
US1199149A (en) * 1915-04-06 1916-09-26 George Best Hydrocarbon-burner.
US1273976A (en) * 1917-08-17 1918-07-30 H H Hoffman & Company Crude-oil burner.
US2284443A (en) * 1940-07-15 1942-05-26 Raymond P Paradise Blanket spray nozzle
US2317173A (en) * 1940-02-01 1943-04-20 Bleakley Corp Apparatus for melting powdered materials
US2389702A (en) * 1943-04-01 1945-11-27 Haynes Stellite Co Apparatus for treating metal articles
US2479403A (en) * 1944-09-28 1949-08-16 Dow Chemical Co Method for treating sewage
US2622610A (en) * 1947-10-07 1952-12-23 Curtiss Wright Corp Flow equalizing system
DE1070872B (fr) * 1957-07-05 1959-12-10
US3013703A (en) * 1958-11-28 1961-12-19 Xerox Corp Powder dispensing apparatus
US3019993A (en) * 1959-10-01 1962-02-06 American Machine & Metals Nozzle

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US590128A (en) * 1897-09-14 browning
US1199149A (en) * 1915-04-06 1916-09-26 George Best Hydrocarbon-burner.
US1273976A (en) * 1917-08-17 1918-07-30 H H Hoffman & Company Crude-oil burner.
US2317173A (en) * 1940-02-01 1943-04-20 Bleakley Corp Apparatus for melting powdered materials
US2284443A (en) * 1940-07-15 1942-05-26 Raymond P Paradise Blanket spray nozzle
US2389702A (en) * 1943-04-01 1945-11-27 Haynes Stellite Co Apparatus for treating metal articles
US2479403A (en) * 1944-09-28 1949-08-16 Dow Chemical Co Method for treating sewage
US2622610A (en) * 1947-10-07 1952-12-23 Curtiss Wright Corp Flow equalizing system
DE1070872B (fr) * 1957-07-05 1959-12-10
US3013703A (en) * 1958-11-28 1961-12-19 Xerox Corp Powder dispensing apparatus
US3019993A (en) * 1959-10-01 1962-02-06 American Machine & Metals Nozzle

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3595482A (en) * 1968-02-19 1971-07-27 English Electric Co Ltd Spray devices
US3621918A (en) * 1969-08-14 1971-11-23 Earl M Damron Method and apparatus for suppressing dust in a mine
US3659428A (en) * 1969-12-01 1972-05-02 Nippon Kokan Kk Method for cooling steel materials
US3686825A (en) * 1970-04-08 1972-08-29 Lodge Cottrell Ltd Electro-precipitation
US3773260A (en) * 1971-12-20 1973-11-20 Nippon Kokan Kk Method of adjusting the cooling speed of welds
US4127233A (en) * 1977-05-25 1978-11-28 Nalco Chemical Company Apparatus and method for dispersing a liquid treating agent
US4643354A (en) * 1985-01-23 1987-02-17 Curtis-Dyna Products Corporation Multi-layer poultry vaccinator
US5523028A (en) * 1995-01-05 1996-06-04 Cool Fog Sysems, Inc. Fogger bar assembly
US6235088B1 (en) * 1997-04-21 2001-05-22 Kazuo Matsuura Alcohol separator for an alcohol solution
EP0960656A3 (fr) * 1998-05-27 2004-03-24 V.I.B Systems GmbH Humidificateur à buses
DE19823636B4 (de) * 1998-05-27 2006-01-12 V.I.B. Systems Gmbh Düsenfeuchter
US20080093565A1 (en) * 2006-10-23 2008-04-24 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Charged particle beam system and its specimen holder

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GB993277A (en) 1965-05-26
CH389521A (fr) 1965-03-15

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