US3195783A - Actuator cap - Google Patents

Actuator cap Download PDF

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Publication number
US3195783A
US3195783A US259090A US25909063A US3195783A US 3195783 A US3195783 A US 3195783A US 259090 A US259090 A US 259090A US 25909063 A US25909063 A US 25909063A US 3195783 A US3195783 A US 3195783A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
passage
stem
overcap
elongated
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US259090A
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English (en)
Inventor
Philip L Crowell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SC Johnson and Son Inc
Original Assignee
SC Johnson and Son Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SC Johnson and Son Inc filed Critical SC Johnson and Son Inc
Priority to US259090A priority Critical patent/US3195783A/en
Priority to FR963620A priority patent/FR1382582A/fr
Priority to NL6401407A priority patent/NL6401407A/xx
Priority to AT135464A priority patent/AT255960B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3195783A publication Critical patent/US3195783A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant
    • B65D83/16—Actuating means
    • B65D83/20—Actuator caps

Definitions

  • the invention is particularly adapted for use on cans or bottles for aerosol materials or the like wherein an upstanding tubular depressible valve stem is provided at the upper portion of the container, which stem when depressed opens a spring-pressed valve so as to release up through the stem the fluid which is propelled for discharge as an aerosol spray and also including usually a proportion of propellant fluid which has been packed under pressure in the container along with the aerosol material which is to be propelled.
  • an overcap assembly of a form which will be decorative, convenient and easy to operate, as by applying pressure to a finger button for depressing the valve stem.
  • the overcap be of a considerable diameter and to include a passage of substantial length through which the fluid may be directed generally radially outwardly to a discharge orifice at the peripheral wall of the cap.
  • these problems in the manufacture of plastic over-caps are overcome by forming the construction in such a way that same is initially molded with a dischar e passage of quite large cross-section and then a suitable insert preferably of plastic material is lodged in such passage, the insert having a shape such that in conjunction with the wall surfaces of the passage, it will still leave a passage of a desired small predetermined cross-section with assurance that the passage despite its small size will be permanently free of obstructions and irregularities. With such a small passage, the formation of droplets therein is avoided.
  • Such insert may also be preferably integrally molded at its outer end portion with a so-called mechanical break-up button formation, comprising a small cavity containing on its inside wall and surrounding an exit opening of pinhole size, a plurality of small channels for imparting a swirl to the mixture just before it is discharged.
  • a so-called mechanical break-up button formation comprising a small cavity containing on its inside wall and surrounding an exit opening of pinhole size, a plurality of small channels for imparting a swirl to the mixture just before it is discharged.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the upper portions of a container as provided with an overcap construction in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the construction of FIG. 1 as viewed in a direction looking toward the aerosol discharge orifice;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view, taken substantially along line 3-3 of FIG. 2, and illustrating the manner in which the overcap is applied to the top portion of a pressure-packed container;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the overcap as viewed from the underside thereof;
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view, partly broken away, showing those portions of FIG. 3 which are to contain the above-mentioned insert and the left hand portion of FIG. 5 being a side elevational view partly in section showing the insert in a position ready to be slid into place for forming the overcap assembly;
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the insert piece
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along line '7 of FIG. 5. 7
  • a pressure-packed container which may for example comprise a sheet metal can or a bottle having a top sheet metal portion as at 11 suitably permanently secured in place in any desired known manner.
  • a hollow valve-operating stem 12 extends upwardly through the top of the container, this stem being depressible so as to operate a suitable known form of spring pressure-closable valve at the location indicated by dotted lines at 13.
  • the underside of such valve may in known manner have attached thereto a suitable flexible plastic dip tube as at 14 extending down within the lower portion of the container.
  • the container is packed under pressure in a known way with a suitable aerosol material or the like which is to be used as a space deodorant, or as an insecticide, or for some other desired purpose, together with a propellant fluid such as a normalty gaseous hydrocarbon liquefied under pressure or a halogenated hydrocarbon propellant such for example as a type well known under the trademark Freon.
  • a propellant fluid such as a normalty gaseous hydrocarbon liquefied under pressure or a halogenated hydrocarbon propellant such for example as a type well known under the trademark Freon.
  • the overcap assembly embodying the features of the present invention may comprise a molded plastic body portion 115 formed for example of high density polyethylene and an insert piece 16 which may for example be formed of molded medium density polyethylene.
  • the body portion comprises an upstanding and generally cylindrical and relatively thin wall portion 17, which may, if desired, be slightly tapered upwardly and inwardly, same terminating at the top in a preferably horizontally-extending rim 1% which will provide a ridge adapted to be engaged by the bottom of another like container, to provide a stable support therefor when pluralities of the containers are packed for shipment.
  • This rim surrounds as best shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a central depressed area 19, containing a tab 26 adapted to be pressed downwardly by the users finger or thumb which may be extended through an interrupted region as at 21 in the rim portion, in the manner indicated in FIG. 3.
  • the tab as best shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5 is integraL lyformed with a front portion 23, the upper edge of which may be coterminous with the rim 18 and the lower portion of which as at 24 preferably flexibly and integral-
  • Thedepending front portion 23 of the tab 26 is prefe rably ;cha-nnel-shaped, ridges 25 at either side thereof being provided, one of thesebeing shownin FIG. 3 where it will be noted that same extends down on the inside of .zthB wall 17 and is integrally molded there with suchwall ,portion, whereby the Ywholedepending front of the tab construction :is rendered quite rigid, yet same is capable of being tilted by swinging somewhat about a flexible portionof the wall 17 asshown in FIG. 3 at the region where the. ridges 25. join'the wall.
  • the underside of the tab por- ;.tion 20 isformed with an enlarged cavity 26 which is to receive .the insert 16.
  • This cavity at its inner end cornrnunicates..witha cavity 27, the lower end of which isv shaped to receiveand fit on the valve-operating stem 12
  • the walls of the cavity 26 integrally depend from the finger-tab 20 and are of dimensions such that :thewhole tab construction, including its front portion 23,
  • this part has an .elongated body portion 28, adaptedto fit closely within the cavity 26.
  • the upper edge of this portion is formed with a channel 29 of a semi-circular cross-section and thischannel when brought into position against the upper? .wall 30 of the: cavity 26, will form the desired passage- -of smallcross-section for discharging'the'aerosol or aero- Isol mixture from the cavity 27 to the outer end of the insert piece.
  • angle corresponding generallyto the angular position of 9f the insert -16 may be formed with a cavity 35, which when the insert is slid into position, will be largely filled by a portion 35a of corresponding shape, formed just above the outer portion of cavity 26.
  • the left hand face of the cavity 35 ' is formed with a plurality of'small channels 36 directed tangentially toward a quite small chamber 37 at the center of which is an exit orifice 38 of pinhole size, from which the aerosol spray emanates after the materialhas been given somewhat of a swirling motion by the channels 36 onits way from the channel 29 to the orifice 38.
  • the outer end of the formation 35a which is received within the; cavity 35 may, as shown, he formed at an angle and with a protruding portion thereon so as to provide, with the end face 39 at a like angle within the cavity 35, a closure for the channels 36 which would be open to the space '35 except for the protruding portion 40.
  • the orifice 38 is preferably directed outwardly and somewhat downwardly at a' suitable angle so that the user may direct the aerosol spray therefrom conand the annular chamber 40a',.are preferably placed "at right angles, as shown, to the axis of the orifice.
  • the space within the body of the cap may be formed with a depending flange 41, adapted to engage with a snap-on fit upon-a rim portion 42 of the valve cup'9 on the top of the container 11.
  • the flange 41' as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4,-may be interrupted or formed with a notch as at 41a adapted to receive a detent portion as at 4111 formed on the bottom 'of the liquid in the container, for example at a position substantially directly below the orifice, thereby making it possible for the user to utilize substantially all of the aerosol material or mixture which remains liquefied in the bottom of the container.
  • Aplurality of strengthening ribs as at 43- may be molded on the interior of the flange 41 and other connecting strengthening ribs between the flange. 41 and the wall 17 may be provided, as indicated at 44 and 45.
  • the outer edges of the tab 26 may terminate in a strengthening'ridge as at 46 and also the space 47 within which the tab 20 is located may be surrounded with a strengthening ridge as at 48.
  • the outer depending low-er edges of the wall 17 as shown in FIG. 6, are adapted to engage within an annular channel as at 50 formed around the periphery of the .top of the container 11.
  • An overcap member'for aerosol dispensing container members of the type having an upstanding tubular discharge valve stem comprising: a body portion of molded plastic material, such body portion having an upstanding peripheral wall and a top portion within which a depressibletab area is provided and which has on its underside, means for engaging said stem and a passage of large cross-section extending inwardly from said peripheral wall to a region where it is in communication with said stern, a separately formed elongated insert element lodged in said passage and extending longitudinally thereof, a portion along the outer surface of said insert element, in conjunction with a portion of the wall surface within said passage, serving conjointly to form an elongated passage of small predetermined cross-section substantially maller than the cross-section of the passage in said body portion and in communication at one end with said stem and having its discharge end of said peripheral wall, a recess on one of said members and a projection on the other of said members, said recess and projections
  • An overcap for aerosol dispensing containers of the type having a valve with an upstanding tubular discharge valve stem and a curved dip tube attached to its lower end extending to the lower portion of the container, said valve being supported in a valve cup member at the top of the container, such overcap comprising: a body portion of molded plastic material, such body portion having an upstanding peripheral wall and a top portion within which a depressible tab area is provided and which has on its underside means for engaging said stem and a passage of large cross-section extending inwardly from said peripheral wall to a region where it is in communication with said stem, a separately formed elongated insert element lodged in said passage and extending longitudinally thereof, a portion along the outer surface of said insert element in conjunction with a portion of the wall surface within said passage serving conjointly to form an elongated passage of small predetermined cross-section substantially smaller than the large cross-section of the passage in said body portion, said passage of small predetermined cross-section being in communication at one end with said stem and having its discharge end at said
  • An overcap for aerosol dispensing containers of the type having an upstanding vertically depressible discharge valve stern said overcap comprising a molded body member formed with an upstanding peripheral wall portion and a top portion, a depressible tab recessed within said top portion and hingedly attached to said body member, said depressible tab being formed to fit over said valve stem and having provided therein an elongated tubular cavity which extends between said valve stem and a point on said peripheral wall portion, an elongated insert member having a narrow shallow channel grooved along the length of its outer surface, said narrow, shallow channel having a cross-sectional area substantially smaller than the cross-sectional area of said elongated tubular cavity, said elongated insert member being lodged within said tubular cavity whereby said channel cooperates with a portion of the inner wall of said tubular cavity to define an elongated passageway of reduced cross section between said valve stem and said peripheral wall portions.
  • An overcap for aerosol dispensing containers of the type having an upstanding tubular discharge valve stem comprising a body member of molded plastic material, said body member having an upstanding peripheral wall portion and a top portion, a depressible tab formed within said top portion, said tab being rigidly and integrally connected to, and supported by, a front portion which depends therefrom and forms a part of said peripheral wall portion, said front portion being integrally formed at its lower edge with a flexible portion of said upstanding peripheral wall portion, whereby when said tab is depressed, said front portion as sup ported thereby tilts about said flexible portion, mean-s provided on the underside of said tab for engaging said stem, said last mentioned means being formed with an internal elongated tubular cavity which communicates between said stem and said front portion, and an elongated insert member having a narrow shallow channel grooved along the length of its outer surface, said narrow, shallow channel having a cross-sectional area substantially smaller than the cross-sectional area of said tubular cavity, said elongated insert member being
  • An overcap for aerosol dispensing containers of the type having an upwardly protruding vertically actuable discharge valve stem comprising a body member of molded plastic material, said body member having an upstanding peripheral wall portion for extending around the top of the container in widely spaced relation to said stem, said body member having formed therein a passageway of large cross sectional area in communication with, and extending between, said stem and a point on said peripheral wall portion and an elongated plastic insert member having a narrow shallow channel grooved along the length of its outer surface, said narrow, shallow channel having a cross-sectional area substantially smaller than the crosssectional area of said tubular cavity, said elongated insert member being lodged within said tubular cavity whereby said channel cooperates with a portion of the inner wall of said tubular cavity to define an elongated passageway of reduced cross section between said valve stem and said point on said peripheral wall portion.
  • an overcap for aerosol dispensing containers of the type having a centrally located discharge valve stem, the combination of a molded element which fits over said valve stem and has formed therein an elongated tubular cavity extending between said valve stem and a point on the periphery of said overcap, and an elongated insert member having a narrow shallow channel grooved along the length of its outer surface, said narrow, shallow channel having a crosssectional area substantially smaller than the cross-sectional area of said tubular cavity, said elongated insert member being lodged within said tubular cavity whereby said channel cooperates with a portion of the walls of said tubular cavity to define an elongated passageway of reduced cross section between said valve stem and said overcap periphery.
  • an overcap for aerosol dispensing containers of the type having a centrally located discharge valve stem
  • a molded element which fits over said valve stem and has formed therein an elongated tubular cavity extending between said valve stem and a point on the periphery of said overcap
  • an elongated insert member having a narrow shallow channel grooved along the length of its outer surface, said narrow, shallow channel having a cross-sectional area substantially smaller than the cross-sectional area of said elongated tubular cavity, said elongated insert member being lodged within said tubular cavity whereby said channel cooperates with a portion of the walls of said tubular cavity to define an elongated passageway of reduced cross section between said valve stem and said overcap periphery
  • the outer portion of said insert member being formed with a cavity having a small aerosol spray discharge orifice opening therefrom, said cavity being largely filled by a portion of the material on the underside of said molded element, the latter portion in conjunction with the interior surface of said cavity being shaped to

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
US259090A 1963-02-18 1963-02-18 Actuator cap Expired - Lifetime US3195783A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US259090A US3195783A (en) 1963-02-18 1963-02-18 Actuator cap
FR963620A FR1382582A (fr) 1963-02-18 1964-02-13 Capuchon de manoeuvre de pulvérisateur
NL6401407A NL6401407A (de) 1963-02-18 1964-02-17
AT135464A AT255960B (de) 1963-02-18 1964-02-18 Zerstäuberkappe für Aerosolbehälter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US259090A US3195783A (en) 1963-02-18 1963-02-18 Actuator cap

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US3195783A true US3195783A (en) 1965-07-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US259090A Expired - Lifetime US3195783A (en) 1963-02-18 1963-02-18 Actuator cap

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Country Link
US (1) US3195783A (de)
AT (1) AT255960B (de)
NL (1) NL6401407A (de)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3269605A (en) * 1965-08-03 1966-08-30 Aaron S Tesler Pressurized dispenser assembly having a plurality of individual chambers
US3316923A (en) * 1965-01-26 1967-05-02 Wagner Jacob Aerosol fountain tooth paste brush
US3420410A (en) * 1966-08-04 1969-01-07 American Home Prod Aerosol container having cap-actuator with dip-tube orienting means
US3669359A (en) * 1970-09-18 1972-06-13 Precision Valve Corp Aerosol mechanical break-up nozzle insert
US3749286A (en) * 1970-11-09 1973-07-31 Colgate Palmolive Co Actuator cap with actuation disabling means
US3770167A (en) * 1972-05-18 1973-11-06 Seaquist Valve Co Safety closure
US3858771A (en) * 1969-04-04 1975-01-07 Lablabo Soc Liquid delivery valve construction
JPS5129532Y1 (de) * 1966-06-14 1976-07-26
US4219135A (en) * 1976-12-06 1980-08-26 Seaquist Valve Company Foam spout
USD308944S (en) 1986-11-12 1990-07-03 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Dispenser closure
USD323117S (en) 1989-10-18 1992-01-14 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Actuator overcap for pressurized container
USD365990S (en) 1993-11-22 1996-01-09 R&C Products Pty Ltd. Integrated actuator overcap
EP0780324A1 (de) * 1995-12-22 1997-06-25 L'oreal Flüssigkeitsspender mit Druckknopf
US6820823B2 (en) * 2003-02-25 2004-11-23 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Aerosol dispensing nozzle
USD506134S1 (en) * 2004-04-05 2005-06-14 Continental Afa Dispensing Company Lotion pump head
USD543106S1 (en) * 2004-11-02 2007-05-22 Continental Afa Dispensing Company Lotion pump head
US20150084334A1 (en) * 2013-09-24 2015-03-26 The GPM Group, LLC Flexible bushing
USD918731S1 (en) * 2019-06-28 2021-05-11 Conopco, Inc. Aerosol dispenser
USD927313S1 (en) 2019-06-27 2021-08-10 Conopco, Inc. Aerosol dispenser
USD930473S1 (en) * 2019-07-18 2021-09-14 Coster Tecnologie Speciali S.P.A. Spray cap for aerosol containers
US20230166052A1 (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-06-01 Vapocoolshot, Inc. Endothermic vapor and antimicrobial skin anesthetic and apparatus for application
US20230166051A1 (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-06-01 Vapocoolshot, Inc. Apparatus for applying an endothermic vapor to skin as an anesthetic

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2483891B1 (fr) * 1980-06-10 1987-05-07 Somova Spa Capuchon pour bouteilles aerosol accusant d'un seul tenant un poussoir de debit a levier et un cachet de garantie

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2678147A (en) * 1952-10-29 1954-05-11 Frederick G Lodes Foam dispensing head for aerosol dispensers
US2702957A (en) * 1952-09-26 1955-03-01 Zonite Products Corp Valved closure
USRE24555E (en) * 1956-10-31 1958-10-28 Dispensing cap for aerosols
US2954904A (en) * 1958-10-13 1960-10-04 Joseph B Potoczky Gas pressure type dispensing container cap
US2966283A (en) * 1958-11-20 1960-12-27 Metal Fabrications Inc Spray device
US2989251A (en) * 1957-07-05 1961-06-20 Precision Valve Corp Combined valve stem and operating button for pressure packed materials
US3112074A (en) * 1961-11-29 1963-11-26 Edward Howard Green Spray head for an aerosol dispenser

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2702957A (en) * 1952-09-26 1955-03-01 Zonite Products Corp Valved closure
US2678147A (en) * 1952-10-29 1954-05-11 Frederick G Lodes Foam dispensing head for aerosol dispensers
USRE24555E (en) * 1956-10-31 1958-10-28 Dispensing cap for aerosols
US2989251A (en) * 1957-07-05 1961-06-20 Precision Valve Corp Combined valve stem and operating button for pressure packed materials
US2954904A (en) * 1958-10-13 1960-10-04 Joseph B Potoczky Gas pressure type dispensing container cap
US2966283A (en) * 1958-11-20 1960-12-27 Metal Fabrications Inc Spray device
US3112074A (en) * 1961-11-29 1963-11-26 Edward Howard Green Spray head for an aerosol dispenser

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3316923A (en) * 1965-01-26 1967-05-02 Wagner Jacob Aerosol fountain tooth paste brush
US3269605A (en) * 1965-08-03 1966-08-30 Aaron S Tesler Pressurized dispenser assembly having a plurality of individual chambers
JPS5129532Y1 (de) * 1966-06-14 1976-07-26
US3420410A (en) * 1966-08-04 1969-01-07 American Home Prod Aerosol container having cap-actuator with dip-tube orienting means
US3858771A (en) * 1969-04-04 1975-01-07 Lablabo Soc Liquid delivery valve construction
US3669359A (en) * 1970-09-18 1972-06-13 Precision Valve Corp Aerosol mechanical break-up nozzle insert
US3749286A (en) * 1970-11-09 1973-07-31 Colgate Palmolive Co Actuator cap with actuation disabling means
US3770167A (en) * 1972-05-18 1973-11-06 Seaquist Valve Co Safety closure
US4219135A (en) * 1976-12-06 1980-08-26 Seaquist Valve Company Foam spout
USD308944S (en) 1986-11-12 1990-07-03 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Dispenser closure
USD323117S (en) 1989-10-18 1992-01-14 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Actuator overcap for pressurized container
USD365990S (en) 1993-11-22 1996-01-09 R&C Products Pty Ltd. Integrated actuator overcap
EP0780324A1 (de) * 1995-12-22 1997-06-25 L'oreal Flüssigkeitsspender mit Druckknopf
FR2742736A1 (fr) * 1995-12-22 1997-06-27 Oreal Distributeur de liquide comprenant un bouton-poussoir
US5915597A (en) * 1995-12-22 1999-06-29 L'oreal Dispensing head
USRE38022E1 (en) 1995-12-22 2003-03-11 L'oreal Dispensing head
US6820823B2 (en) * 2003-02-25 2004-11-23 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Aerosol dispensing nozzle
USD547182S1 (en) * 2004-04-05 2007-07-24 Continental Afa Dispensing Company Lotion pump head
USD506134S1 (en) * 2004-04-05 2005-06-14 Continental Afa Dispensing Company Lotion pump head
USD543106S1 (en) * 2004-11-02 2007-05-22 Continental Afa Dispensing Company Lotion pump head
US20150084334A1 (en) * 2013-09-24 2015-03-26 The GPM Group, LLC Flexible bushing
US9216853B2 (en) * 2013-09-24 2015-12-22 Avanti U.S.A. Ltd. Flexible bushing
USD927313S1 (en) 2019-06-27 2021-08-10 Conopco, Inc. Aerosol dispenser
USD918731S1 (en) * 2019-06-28 2021-05-11 Conopco, Inc. Aerosol dispenser
USD930473S1 (en) * 2019-07-18 2021-09-14 Coster Tecnologie Speciali S.P.A. Spray cap for aerosol containers
US20230166052A1 (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-06-01 Vapocoolshot, Inc. Endothermic vapor and antimicrobial skin anesthetic and apparatus for application
US20230166051A1 (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-06-01 Vapocoolshot, Inc. Apparatus for applying an endothermic vapor to skin as an anesthetic

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6401407A (de) 1964-08-19
AT255960B (de) 1967-07-25

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