US3777044A - Plasma-arc furnace - Google Patents

Plasma-arc furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3777044A
US3777044A US00186267A US3777044DA US3777044A US 3777044 A US3777044 A US 3777044A US 00186267 A US00186267 A US 00186267A US 3777044D A US3777044D A US 3777044DA US 3777044 A US3777044 A US 3777044A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
chamber
container
waste material
plasma
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00186267A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Voropaev
V Pilipchuk
S Shekhter
A Reznitsky
L Tsipura
O Zabarilo
K Nautny
V Lakomsky
A Chvertko
A Zherdev
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier

Definitions

  • a plasma-arc furnace for remelting of sheet-waste material of high reactivity metals and their alloys has a furnace chamber containing a mould, plasmatrons mounted on a roof of the chamber, and a charging device for feeding sheet-waste material into a melting zone.
  • the charging device has a hopper arranged to contain the sheet-waste material, a water-cooled base plate, guide troughs along which the sheet-waste material is fed, and controlling means to control the feed of the sheet-waste into the melting zone.
  • the furnace expediently employs a stripping and conveying gear to deliver remelted sheet-waste material in any desired from such as a bar or slab.
  • the present invention relates to electrometallurgy and more particularly to devices for plasma-arc remelting of wastes produced in sheet rolling high-reactivity metals (titanium, zirconium, etc.) and their alloys.
  • Consumable electrodes for plasma-arc furnaces can be manufactured either from sheet wastes of highreactivity metals and alloys or from a major charge component (sponge) to which said wastes are added.
  • the charging device has an air-tight hopper arranged in the upper part of the chamber together with a sheet-waste container, a water-cooled base-plate with guide troughs set up between the container and the mould and a gear located under the container and intended for feeding sheetwastes along the troughs of the said baseplate into the remelting zone which will permit reducing. time and labour requirements for the remelting of sheet trimmings.
  • The'sheet-waste feed gear has a mobile carriage including pushers and said container hinged thereto and further comprising several compartments slotted in their lower portion to let said pushers pass.
  • a mobile carriage including pushers and said container hinged thereto and further comprising several compartments slotted in their lower portion to let said pushers pass.
  • Provided in the lower portion of the container front wall are ports with slides-uncovering to pass sheet-wastes.
  • the furnace can be equipped with at least two identical charging devices set up around the mould which enables sheet-wastes to be fed into the remelting zone in several flows at one and the same time.
  • All the gears and assemblies of the charging device are mounted in the furnace in succession ensuring a continuous technological process of feeding the wastes, cut in specified lengths, into the remelting zone with the ensuing production at the end of this process of ingots having the requisite weight.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of a plasma-arc furnace, conforming to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a general view (with a fragmentary cutaway) of a furnace container of the plasma-arc furnace of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 section II-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 section III-III of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 section IV--IV of FIG. 2.
  • a plasma-arc furnace has a welded flat box-type chamber 1 (FIG. 1) which serves for erecting main asse'mblies.
  • the chamber 1 has in its medium portion a through opening (not shown in the drawing) above which a collapsable roof (not shown in the drawing) is placed.
  • the roof is made in the form of a rectangular box enclosed in a water jacket extending throughout its surface.
  • the upper portion of the roof is fitted with holes through which pass plasmatrons 2 arranged so that they are free to move vertically and radially.
  • the furnace roof is hinged to chamber 1. Fastened on the opposite side of the hinged portion of the roof are two rollers through which passes a rope associated with a roof lifting gear.
  • the casing of mould 3 is a welded rectangular construction open at the top. At its bottom there are: a rectangular opening to receive an ingot, a dummy bar of an ingot withdrawing device (not shown in the drawing) and six circular holes through which run pipes for cooling the mould 3'.
  • the entire surface of the casing of mould 3 is enclosed in the a water jacket and the upper part of the casing is fitted with a flange (not shown in the drawing) intended for bolting the casing of mould 3 to the furnace chamber 1;
  • Mould 3 is mounted on internal projecting parts of the flange being separated from it by means of insulating straps.
  • Mould 3 is of a composite copper-steel construction with water cooling. Water is supplied and discharged via six copper pipes passing through the holes in the bottom of the casing of mould 3.
  • Chamber 1 is equipped with two charging devices (not shown in the drawing) located symmetrically relative to mould 3.
  • Each charging device comprises a hopper 4 which serves for accommodating container 5.
  • Each of the two hoppers 4 is made in the form of a hollow box flanged at the top and underneath and open at both ends.
  • the lower flange of each hopper 4 is secured at the top of chamber 1 under a hole for container S by means of a hermetic connection, while the upper flange carries swivelling cover 6 hinged to it.
  • Lateral faces of both hoppers 4 have flanges in their upper portions whose purpose is to couple piping of a gas circulating and recovery system.
  • oneof the hoppers 4 is fitted with a safety valve which connects the furnace interior with atmosphere and cuts off all feed sources if pressure within the furnace builds up.
  • Container 5 serves for accommodating wastes 7 and loading them into the furnace for remelting.
  • Container 5 comprises housing 8 (FIG. 2) subdivided into several compartments 9 in which is placed sheet-waste 7 cut in specified lengths and piled to be remelted.
  • the bottom of each compartment 9 has longitudinal through slots 10 located centrally.
  • the lower portion of the front wall of container 5 is fitted with ports through which the sheet-waste 7 to be remelted pass into the remelting zone.
  • Guides 11 cater for positioning container 5 in chambr l of the furnace.
  • Two eyebolts 12 are employed for handling container 5 with the aid of hoisting gears (not shown in the drawing), the eye bolts being secured'to an upper partition of container 5 from above.
  • Base-plate 13 is of welded construction is made up of copper sheets; it is intended to direct sheet-waste 7 to be remelted ontheir way from container 5 to the melting zone. Its upper portion is provided with guide troughs 14 whose number depends on the number of compartments 9 of container 5. The base plate is fastened to chamber 1 in a horizontal position.
  • gear 15 for pushing sheet-wastes 7 one after another from container 5 and feeding them along guide troughs 14 into the melting zone.
  • Sheet-waste feed gear 15 comprises a carriage 16 whose upper portion is fitted with a nut 17 which has a through hole extending over its length and intended for a drive screw 18; four rollers 19 with shaped grooves, are secured in bearing assemblies on either side along carriage 16 on shafts 20 (FIG. 3) and are coupled thereto by means of a rigid joint; two guide rods 21 are fastened on brackets 22 (FIG.
  • pushers 23 are provided whose height is adjusted by replaceable carns attached in the front portion of carriage 16 on pivots 24 the pushers being free to rotate on the pivots (the rear part of the pushers is chamfered); springs 25 (two per each pusher) are provided forcing pushers 23 against resets 26 (one end of springs 25 is inserted into the apertures in pushers 23 and their other end in the openings in screw 27 driven into carriage 16); a drive screw 18 is driven in nut 17 with the screw front end fastened in a bearing block mounted in stand 28 connected by means of a rigid joint to the bottom of chamber 1 with the other end secured in a bearing block arranged in cover 29 which is attached to the rear wall of chamber 1. Screw 18 projects through vacuum seal 30 and its tail carries a rigidly fitted gear wheel 31 through which feeding gear 15 is coupled to drive 32.
  • Drive 32 serves for imparting to the pushers 23, a translatory motion with a requisite speed in the direction of base-plate l3 and returns the pushers with a high speed into an initial extreme rear position.
  • Drive 32 is attahced to the exterior of chamber 1 above sheetwaste feeding gear 15.
  • slide 34 is to restrict the amount of sheet-waste material supplied from container 5 and delivered by pushers 23 into the remelting zone.
  • the number of pushers 23 in sheet-waste feeding gear 15, and the number of compartments 9 in container 5 and troughs 14in base-plate 13 are accordingly equal.
  • the spacings between the axes of symmetry of these elements are also equal.
  • the furnace is fitted with a discharge gear (not shown in the drawing) intended for withdrawing an ingot from mould 3 and conveying it to a storage.
  • the discharge gear is made up of: an ingot withdrawing gear, power feeders, a frame and a car (not shown in the drawing).
  • the furnace feeders can be made in the form of brushes mounted on the ingot withdrawing gear.
  • the discharge gear frame is arranged on a car. It can be made in the form of a truncated cone, made from angles with flat sides from above and underneath having rectangular holes through which the ingot withdrawing gear passes.
  • the car moves on a rail track and has mounted thereon all the assemblies of the discharge gear, a hydraulic cabinet and a pumping plant.
  • the car is also intended for conveying the melted ingot to the storage.
  • Incorporated in the furnace is also a gear (not shown in the drawing) for roof lifting for cleaning and for inspecting base-plate 13 and mould 3.
  • a cooling system which consists of a hydraulic unit, a pumping plant, elements for distributing water among the units to be cooled, a reservoir and water flow and temperature controls.
  • the furnace components to be cooled are subdivided into two groups: those cooled by conventional water flow and those cooled by comparitively soft water which does not produce scale.
  • Soft water is used for cooling mould 3, the dummy bar (not shown in the drawing) and plasmatrons 2.
  • Flow relays are set up at the conduit outlet of all these component cooling assemblies. In addition, each conduit is controlled by a temperature relay.
  • the furnace is equipped with a hydraulic system whose purpose is to tighten and to secure the ingot withdrawing gear to the casing of mould 3 prior to melting as well as to displace the ingot discharge gear (not shown in the drawing) to the discharge and return to'its initial position under mould 3.
  • the furnace For feeding plasmatrons 2 the furnace has a gas recovery and circulation system.
  • The. furnace operates in the following manner.
  • container 5 (FIG. 1) accommodating piled wastes to be remelted is placed in hopper 4. Its lower part passes through the opening in chamber 1. Container 5 rests on stand 36 welded to the walls of chamber 1.
  • Slide 34 (FIG. 5) is arranged at a level ensuring free passage of material 7 (to be remelted), pulled by pushers 23 from container 5, through the ports in the front wall of container 5.
  • the furnace roof (not shown in the drawing) is lowered.
  • the gas recovery and circulation system is turned on.
  • the requisite pressure is maintained in the chamber 1 of the furnace.
  • Supply sources are coupled to the ingot withdrawing gear.
  • the water cooling system is cut in and all plasmatrons 2 of the furnace are actuated alternately to accomplish the remelting process.
  • the unit is started by bringing a glowing torch near to the metal charge in mould 3 whereupon the system operates for returning plasmatrons 2 into initial operating position.
  • drive 32 For feeding the sheet-waste to be remelted into the remelting zone, drive 32 whose shaft is automatically reversed after the requisite number of revolutions, imparts a reciprocating motion to pushers 23 fastened on carriage 16 (FIGS. 3 and 4) of sheet waste feeding gear via gear train 31, drive screw 18 and nut 17.
  • the rate at which pushers 23 move forward (operating speed) can be adjusted within a wide range, with that of the reverse motion (operating speed) being constant and maximum.
  • Molten material from the blanks being fused flows into mould 3 and the ingot being performed is drawn out by the withdrawing gear.
  • the number of the waste strips pushed out of container 5 is controlled by slide 34.
  • the upper ones descend by gravity to take their place and pushers 23 coming out of the limits of container 5 reach their extreme front position.
  • the plasma-arc furnace proposed herewith, allows remelting sheet-wastes of high-reactivity metals and alloys to produce from them directly slabs of any desired section and a high quality, thereby providing for a reduction in time and labour requirements when rolling slabs into sheets, the invention also ensures an increase in the yield of rolled products and reduces the cost of rolled sheets.
  • a plasma-arc furnace for the remelting of sheetwaste material of high-reactivity metals and their alloys comprising: a chamber for remelting the said sheet-waste material, said chamber having a roof and a melting zone; plasmatrons mounted on the roof of the said chamber; a mould means disposed in a lower part of the said chamber and designed for forming an ingot out of molten sheet-waste material; at least one charging device enclosed in the said chamber and including: an air-tight hopper having a container to accommodate said sheet-waste material arranged in an upper portion of the said chamber, a water-cooled base-plate having guide troughs mounted between the said container and the mould, and means for feeding said sheet-waste material along the guide troughs of the said base-plate into said melting zone, said means for feeding being located in said chamber substantially under said container.
  • a plasma-arc furnace as claimed in Claim 1 in which said means for feeding includes a carriage having pusher means for pushing the sheet-waste material.
  • a plasma-arc furnace of as claimed in Claim 1 in which at least two identical charging devices located around said mould are provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
US00186267A 1970-10-01 1971-10-01 Plasma-arc furnace Expired - Lifetime US3777044A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU7001479356A SU349337A1 (ru) 1970-10-01 1970-10-01 Плазменно-дугова печь

Publications (1)

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US3777044A true US3777044A (en) 1973-12-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00186267A Expired - Lifetime US3777044A (en) 1970-10-01 1971-10-01 Plasma-arc furnace

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US (1) US3777044A (2)
AT (1) AT317567B (2)
DE (1) DE2147367C3 (2)
FR (1) FR2112230B1 (2)
GB (1) GB1322828A (2)
IT (1) IT939496B (2)
SE (1) SE371759B (2)
SU (1) SU349337A1 (2)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5095828A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-03-17 Environmental Thermal Systems, Corp. Thermal decomposition of waste material
US5171491A (en) * 1986-02-04 1992-12-15 The Carborundum Company Method of producing near net shape fused cast refractories
CN102141343A (zh) * 2010-01-29 2011-08-03 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种加料器及熔炼炉

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55101100A (en) * 1979-01-27 1980-08-01 Daido Steel Co Ltd Method of canning radioactive solid waste
US4341915A (en) * 1979-03-13 1982-07-27 Daidotokushuko Kabushikikaisha Apparatus for filling of container with radioactive solid wastes

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2963530A (en) * 1956-07-27 1960-12-06 Stauffer Chemical Co Continuous high vacuum melting
US3342250A (en) * 1963-11-08 1967-09-19 Suedwestfalen Ag Stahlwerke Method of and apparatus for vacuum melting and teeming steel and steellike alloys
US3622141A (en) * 1967-11-03 1971-11-23 Ugo Brusa Continuous metal melting method and furnace therefor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2963530A (en) * 1956-07-27 1960-12-06 Stauffer Chemical Co Continuous high vacuum melting
US3342250A (en) * 1963-11-08 1967-09-19 Suedwestfalen Ag Stahlwerke Method of and apparatus for vacuum melting and teeming steel and steellike alloys
US3622141A (en) * 1967-11-03 1971-11-23 Ugo Brusa Continuous metal melting method and furnace therefor

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5171491A (en) * 1986-02-04 1992-12-15 The Carborundum Company Method of producing near net shape fused cast refractories
US5095828A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-03-17 Environmental Thermal Systems, Corp. Thermal decomposition of waste material
CN102141343A (zh) * 2010-01-29 2011-08-03 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种加料器及熔炼炉
CN102141343B (zh) * 2010-01-29 2013-08-07 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种加料器及熔炼炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2147367C3 (de) 1974-07-04
AT317567B (de) 1974-09-10
DE2147367A1 (de) 1972-04-06
IT939496B (it) 1973-02-10
SE371759B (2) 1974-12-02
FR2112230B1 (2) 1974-09-06
SU349337A1 (ru) 1977-12-05
FR2112230A1 (2) 1972-06-16
GB1322828A (en) 1973-07-11
DE2147367B2 (de) 1973-11-29

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