US8872468B2 - Method and device for operating an asynchronous motor with increased efficiency - Google Patents

Method and device for operating an asynchronous motor with increased efficiency Download PDF

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US8872468B2
US8872468B2 US13/521,795 US201013521795A US8872468B2 US 8872468 B2 US8872468 B2 US 8872468B2 US 201013521795 A US201013521795 A US 201013521795A US 8872468 B2 US8872468 B2 US 8872468B2
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motor
variable
value
range
basis
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US20130009590A1 (en
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Bernd Nitz
Norbert Rudiger Klaes
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MK REGELTECHNIK AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/04—Single phase motors, e.g. capacitor motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/42—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using AC to AC converters without intermediate conversion to DC
    • H02P27/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using AC to AC converters without intermediate conversion to DC varying the frequency by omitting half waves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and device for operating an asynchronous motor with increased efficiency.
  • Publication DE 100 61 293 A1 shows a method and a device for improving the efficiency of an asynchronous motor.
  • three-phase power is supplied in order to activate the motor.
  • a direct voltage and a direct current are measured and used to determine an estimated active power.
  • Conclusions regarding the loading of the asynchronous motor can be drawn from the estimated active power.
  • An estimated torque-producing current value is also determined and compared with the actual torque-producing current value.
  • the difference between the actual and the estimated torque-producing current value is determined.
  • the estimated active power is changed on the basis of this determined difference.
  • the three-phase power supplied to the asynchronous motor can be changed on this basis.
  • a method and a device for increasing the efficiency of an electric motor are also known from publication DE 10 2005 036 802 B3.
  • An object of the present invention is to operate an asynchronous motor more effectively.
  • this object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and/or by a device having the features of claim 15 .
  • a method for operating an asynchronous motor with increased efficiency is accordingly proposed, which method has the following steps.
  • ranges for a motor variable of the asynchronous motor are set.
  • a value of the motor variable is calculated on the basis of at least one measured value of a measured variable during operation of the asynchronous motor, the respective calculated value of the motor variable being associated with one of the ranges.
  • a control variable is changed on the basis of the range associated with the calculated motor variable in order to provide an optimised control variable, such that the control variable is changed, starting from a start value set for the respective range of the motor variable, until a predetermined criterion for a specific motor variable is reached.
  • the optimised control variable is stored as a data point of a continuous optimal characteristic curve for the control variable on the basis of the range associated with the calculated motor variable.
  • a computer program product is also proposed which, on a program-controlled apparatus, causes a method according to the invention as described above to be carried out.
  • a computer program product such as a computer program means can for example be provided or supplied as a storage medium, such as a memory card, USB stick, floppy disc, CD stick, CD-ROM, DVD, or in the form of a downloadable file by a server in a network. This can take place for example in a wireless communication network by transferring a corresponding file using the computer program product or the computer program means.
  • a device for operating an asynchronous motor with increased efficiency has a first means for setting ranges for a motor variable of the asynchronous motor.
  • the device comprises a second means for calculating a value of the motor variable on the basis of at least one measured value of a measured variable during operation of the asynchronous motor, the respective value of the motor variable being associated with one of the ranges.
  • the device also has a third means for changing a control variable on the basis of the range associated with the calculated motor variable in order to provide an optimised control variable.
  • the third means changes the control variable such that the control variable is changed, starting from a start value set for the respective range of the motor variable, until a predetermined criterion for a specific motor variable is reached.
  • the device has a fourth means for storing the optimised control variable as a data point of a continuous optimal characteristic curve for the control variable on the basis of the range associated with the calculated motor variable.
  • a three-phase current controller for actuating an asynchronous motor which comprises a device as described above for operating the asynchronous motor with increased efficiency.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the asynchronous motor can be operated more effectively by providing and using the continuous optimal characteristic curve.
  • Adaptive optimisation of the operating point of the asynchronous machine or the asynchronous motor is possible by means of the optimal characteristic curve.
  • the specific motor variable of the asynchronous motor for which variable a specific criterion, for example a threshold value, is to be reached, can be the same motor variable for which the ranges are set. Alternatively, these can also be different motor variables of the asynchronous motor, for example the active power and the reactive power. For example, ranges can be set for the active power and a value of the active power can be calculated for example on the basis of the motor voltage.
  • a control variable for example the control angle, is also changed on the basis of the range associated with the calculated active power, such that the control angle is changed, starting from a start value set for the respective range of the active power, until a predetermined criterion for the reactive power is reached.
  • motor variables are a power factor, a motor current or predetermined angle variables.
  • the data point is extrapolated to at least a range adjacent to the range of the calculated value of the motor variable.
  • at least one extrapolated point of the optimal characteristic curve is provided.
  • the respective extrapolated point is set as a start value for the respective adjacent range.
  • the second to fourth steps are carried out until each of the ranges has been optimised exactly once.
  • the motor variable is the active power recorded during operation of the asynchronous motor.
  • a plurality of ranges is set for the active power recorded during operation of the asynchronous motor.
  • a respective value of the active power is then calculated on the basis of a respective measured value of the motor current and/or on the basis of a respective measured value of the motor voltage during operation of the asynchronous motor.
  • the respective value of the active power is associated with one of the ranges.
  • the provided ranges preferably overlap. Owing to the use of overlapping ranges, a potentially continuous oscillation between adjacent intervals is advantageously suppressed.
  • the control variable is preferably a control angle, an off-period or a cut-off angle.
  • the control angle ⁇ or ignition delay angle ⁇ is defined as the angle between the zero crossing of the motor voltage and the start of the motor current flow.
  • the cut-off angle ⁇ is defined as the angle between the quenching and the restarting of the motor current flow.
  • the off-period in particular the off-period of the thyristor of the three-phase current controller, is defined as the duration corresponding to the cut-off angle ⁇ .
  • the off-period corresponds to the length of the current gap.
  • the current gap is the duration for which no motor current flows.
  • the off-state of the thyristor is preferably determined and evaluated by detection of the off-state voltage.
  • the motor voltage of the asynchronous motor is reduced such that the defined optimal criterion can be reached by the optimal characteristic curve provided according to the invention.
  • the optimal criterion can relate for example to the recorded active power of the asynchronous motor and thus to the energy consumption of the asynchronous motor.
  • the motor variable to be optimised is itself heavily dependent on the operating point, according to the invention the motor variable to be optimised is not adjusted directly, rather according to the invention the optimal characteristic curve for the control variable or correcting variable of the three-phase current controller is used on the basis of a further motor variable.
  • This further motor variable is for example the recorded active power as a feature of the load state of the asynchronous motor.
  • an initial characteristic curve is provided, which in each case comprises a set start value for the respective range of the motor variable.
  • the respective start value reduces the complexity, in particular the time expenditure, of providing the optimised control variable.
  • the third and fourth steps are started when the motor variable observed according to the second step is stable.
  • the motor variable observed according to the fourth step is defined as stable if changes in the observed motor variable over time are within a specific threshold value window.
  • the threshold value window is in particular determined in advance.
  • the optimisation of each range or interval of the optimal characteristic curve is started when the observed motor variable can be considered stable by evaluating the changes over time.
  • the control variable or correcting variable of the three-phase current controller is changed.
  • the effects on the motor variable to be optimised are observed. If the effects and thus the changes were advantageous, the correcting variable is adopted in the optimal characteristic curve at least temporarily and potentially changed further during the continuation of the optimisation until the optimal criterion is reached or exceeded.
  • the value thus determined of the control variable is stored as an optimised value or data point in the optimal characteristic curve.
  • the optimisation of a range is interrupted if the motor variable which defines the range has changed by more than a predetermined threshold value.
  • the data point is extrapolated on the basis of predetermined monotonous behaviour of the asynchronous motor.
  • the stored data point is extrapolated to at least a range adjacent to the range of the calculated value of the motor variable on the basis of the predetermined monotonous behaviour.
  • control variable of adjacent ranges can advantageously be deduced after each improvement or change in the optimal characteristic curve by means of temporarily or definitively optimised values (data points).
  • control variable upon detection of a load step the control variable is changed in a departure from the continuous optimal characteristic curve such that the motor voltage increases to prevent failure of the asynchronous motor.
  • the optimisation can lead to a considerable reduction in the motor voltage.
  • This reduction in the motor voltage can be so strong that the asynchronous motor could fail, that is to say the rotational speed thereof could fall sharply, in the case of a rapid load step.
  • the control variable or correcting variable is changed in a departure from the optimal characteristic curve for a short time such that the motor voltage increases rapidly, in order thus to prevent failure of the asynchronous motor.
  • An example of a method for detecting a load step is described in publication EP 0 113 503 A. In this case, the off-state voltage of the thyristors is evaluated to detect the load step.
  • the load step is detected.
  • the off-state voltage of the thyristors can be detected separately. Alternatively, the off-state voltage of the thyristors can also be calculated from the supply voltage and the motor voltage.
  • control variable is preferably returned continuously to the characteristic curve value of the optimal characteristic curve of the associated range. This return takes place on the basis of a temporal control or on the basis of a signal for detection of the load step.
  • the optimisation may be interrupted correspondingly frequently, without it being possible to determine the optimal characteristic curve sufficiently accurately.
  • the characteristic curve is preferably estimated from experimental values and/or from calculations to ensure reliable operation of the motor. This estimation can be made during operation of the asynchronous motor or while the asynchronous motor is not being operated. For this reason, improvement of the motor behaviour is advantageously possible even for applications of this type with frequently varying operating points.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for operating an asynchronous motor with increased efficiency
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the continuous optimal characteristic curve according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the continuous optimal characteristic curve according to the invention and an initial characteristic curve
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of a first embodiment of the method according to the invention for operating an asynchronous motor with increased efficiency
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of a second embodiment of the method according to the invention for operating an asynchronous motor with increased efficiency
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the angle-dependent motor voltage and the angle-dependent motor current of an asynchronous motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention for operating an asynchronous motor 20 with increased efficiency.
  • the device 10 has a first means 11 , a second means 12 , a third means 13 and a fourth means 14 .
  • the first means 11 is designed to set ranges A, A 1 -A 9 for a motor variable of the asynchronous motor 20 .
  • the x axis in FIG. 2 shows a motor variable of the asynchronous motor 20 and various ranges A 1 to A 9 .
  • the second means 12 is designed to calculate a value B of the motor variable on the basis of at least one measured value C of a measured variable during operation of the asynchronous motor 20 .
  • the respective calculated value B of the motor variable is associated with one of the ranges A, A 1 -A 9 .
  • a measuring apparatus 40 is provided and is coupled between the asynchronous motor 20 and the device 10 .
  • the third means 13 of the device 10 is designed to change a control variable on the basis of the range A associated with the calculated motor variable, in order to provide an optimised control variable D. This change is carried out such that the control variable is changed, starting from a start value E set for the respective range A of the motor variable, until a predetermined criterion for a specific motor variable is reached.
  • the third means 13 is therefore designed to receive a set start value E of this type.
  • the fourth means 14 is designed to store the optimised control variable D as a data point of a continuous optimal characteristic curve F for the control variable on the basis of the range A, A 1 -A 9 associated with the calculated motor variable.
  • the provided continuous optimal characteristic curve F is provided to the three-phase current controller 30 .
  • the three-phase current controller 30 is designed to produce an actuating signal G to actuate the asynchronous motor 20 on the basis of the continuous optimal characteristic curve F.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the continuous optimal characteristic curve F according to the invention.
  • the x axis in FIG. 2 denotes the motor variable
  • the y axis shows the control variable.
  • the x axis and thus the motor variable are divided into various ranges A 1 -A 9 .
  • the optimal characteristic curve F according to the invention for the control variable is continuous.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the continuous optimal characteristic curve F according to the invention and the initial characteristic curve E.
  • the x axis denotes the motor variable and the y axis denotes the control variable.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of a first embodiment of the method according to the invention for operating an asynchronous motor 20 with increased efficiency.
  • the first embodiment in FIG. 4 has the following steps S 41 to S 44 and will be described with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • Step S 41
  • Ranges A, A 1 -A 9 are set for a motor variable of the asynchronous motor 20 .
  • Step S 42
  • a value B of the motor variable is calculated on the basis of at least one measured value C of a measured variable during operation of the asynchronous motor 20 .
  • the respective calculated value B of the motor variable is associated with one of the ranges A, A 1 -A 9 .
  • a plurality of ranges A 1 -A 9 (see FIGS. 2 and 3 ) is set for an active power recorded during operation of the asynchronous motor 20 .
  • the active power recorded during operation is accordingly a suitable example of the motor variable.
  • a respective value B of the active power is then calculated on the basis of a respective measured value C of the motor current I (see FIG. 6 ) and/or on the basis of a respective measured value C of the motor voltage U during operation of the asynchronous motor 20 .
  • the respective calculated value B of the active power is accordingly associated with one of the ranges A 1 -A 9 .
  • Step S 43
  • a control variable is changed on the basis of the range A, A 1 -A 9 associated with the calculated motor variable B in order to provide an optimised control variable D, such that the control variable is changed, starting from a start value F set for the respective range A of the motor variable, until a predetermined criterion for a specific motor variable is reached.
  • An initial characteristic curve E is preferably used to provide the set start value for the respective ranges A 1 -A 9 of the motor variable (see FIG. 3 ).
  • the control variable is for example in the form of a control angle ⁇ , a cut-off angle ⁇ or an off-period.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the angle-dependent motor voltage U and the angle-dependent motor current I of an asynchronous motor 20 .
  • FIG. 6 also shows the control angle ⁇ , which is defined as the angle between the zero crossing of the motor voltage U and the start of flow of the motor current I.
  • FIG. 6 also shows the cut-off angle ⁇ , which is defined as the angle between the quenching and the restarting of the flow of the motor current I.
  • Step S 44
  • the optimised control variable D is stored as a data point of a continuous optimal characteristic curve F for the control variable on the basis of the range A, A 1 -A 9 associated with the calculated motor variable B.
  • Steps S 42 to S 44 are preferably carried out until each of the ranges A 1 -A 9 has been optimised exactly once.
  • steps S 43 and S 44 are preferably started when the motor variable observed according to step S 42 is stable.
  • the observed motor variable is defined as stable if changes in the observed motor variable over time are within a specific threshold value window. This threshold value window is in particular determined or set in advance.
  • control variable upon detection of a load step the control variable is changed in a departure from the continuous optimal characteristic curve F such that the motor voltage U increases to prevent failure of the asynchronous motor 20 .
  • the control variable is returned continuously to the characteristic curve value of the optimal characteristic curve F of the associated range A 1 -A 9 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of a second embodiment of the method according to the invention for operating an asynchronous motor 20 with increased efficiency.
  • Steps S 51 to S 54 in FIG. 5 correspond to steps S 41 to S 44 in FIG. 4 and thus will not be described again.
  • the second embodiment in FIG. 5 thus differs from the first embodiment in FIG. 4 by the additional steps S 55 and S 56 .
  • Step S 55
  • the data point stored according to step S 44 or S 54 is extrapolated at least to a range, for example range A 2 , which is adjacent to the range, for example range A 1 , of the calculated value B of the motor variable, in order to provide at least one extrapolated point of the optimal characteristic curve F.
  • This extrapolation of the data point is preferably carried out on the basis of predetermined monotonous behaviour of the asynchronous motor 20 .
  • Step S 56
  • the respective extrapolated data point is set as a start value for the respective adjacent range, for example the range A 2 .
  • the stored data point is extrapolated to at least a range A 2 adjacent to the range A 1 of the calculated value B of the motor variable on the basis of the predetermined monotonous behaviour of the asynchronous motor 20 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
US13/521,795 2010-01-12 2010-01-12 Method and device for operating an asynchronous motor with increased efficiency Expired - Fee Related US8872468B2 (en)

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PCT/EP2010/050281 WO2011085805A1 (de) 2010-01-12 2010-01-12 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben eines asynchronmotors mit gesteigerter effizienz

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EP (1) EP2545640A1 (de)
KR (1) KR20130108497A (de)
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EP2928065B1 (de) * 2014-03-31 2018-04-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Motorsystems mit einer Treiberschaltung und einem Motor
FR3064843B1 (fr) * 2017-03-28 2019-05-03 Universite D'artois Procede de determination de l'intensite et du couple electromagnetique dune machine electrique asynchrone en fonctionnement
CN116191358A (zh) * 2022-11-25 2023-05-30 云南电网有限责任公司昆明供电局 一种提高异步电动机速断保护性能的方法

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EP2545640A1 (de) 2013-01-16

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