USRE2109E - Improved process for making copal varnish - Google Patents

Description

UNITED P STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LIVERAS HULL, OF OHARLESTDWN, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF -AND A.

XVHEELER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, AND REASSIGNED BY THEM TO SAID HULL.

IMPROVED PROCESS FOR MAKING COPAL VARNISH.

Specification forming part oi Letters Patent No. 26,2372,-dated November 22, 1859; Reissue No. 2,]09, dated November 21, 1865.

1'0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LIVERAS HULL, of Gharlestown, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invcnte'd'or discovered a new and useful Composition or Varnish; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described in the following specification.

The object I have had in view in the discovery or invention of this composition has been to obtain a substantial and cheap varnish which might serve as a substitute for the costly oil-varnishes I had been obliged to employ in the prosecution of my business.

For a long time past I have been experimenting with certain kinds of copal, to find some solvent which would readily dissolve the resins, and not only render them practicable, but economical, as a varnish. Ighave tried alcohol, oil of turpentine, naphtha, and many other oils, but without effect, none of which alone will dissolve the resins; but I have discovered that by a mixture of about four parts of alcohol to one of oil of turpentine the'copal known as kourie or kauri is dissolved in a very short space of time. It is a. fact well known to varnish-makers that there are severalkinds of copal, some of which, when prepared in oil, it is almost, if not entirely, impossible to cause to dry, they always retaining a gummy, sticky consistency. Owing to this fact, several kinds of copal at the time of making my invention had become almost a drug in the market. These, and particularly kourie, received my special attention, my purpose being to utilize them, aui by treating them in my imp oved manner I have been able to produce from them, or from the kourie, as good, if not a better, varnish than can be made from the best species of copal when prepared in oil, Ste.

I am aware that copal varnish has been made of copal, linseed-oil, and oil of. turpentine, in which case each of the three substances were put into 'a separate vessel, the copal fused or melted, and the oil heated to a temperature a little under its boiling-point. The oil was then added in small poptionsto the melted copal and well stirred. After the temperature of the mixture had somewhat lessened the oil of turpentine was poured into the mixture of copal and oil and incorporated therewith. After being suffered to cool, the compound or varnish was strained through a filter, to separate the impurities and undissolved copal. This varnish, as well as its mode of manufacture, differs very essentially from mine. In the manufacture of all copal varnishes with which I have become acquainted linseed or some other clarified oil has been one of the principal ingredient; In making my composition or varnish I make no use of any such oil or its equivalent.

In making thirty gallons of the varnish Itake forty-eight pounds of the copalor substanc known as kauri or kourie, four gallons of camphene, and twenty gallons of alcohol at ninety-five per cent, or their equivalents. These I put, in a cold state, into a barrel or other suitable vessel, and then close up the same, so as to render the vessel'air-tight. The Vessel is then suilcred to remain for thirty-six hours, and occasionally in the meantime agitated or rolled around, so as to mix up the in-, gredients and incorporate them together. The varnish is then ready for use.

My spirit varnish possesses the merit of great economy, its cost not being one-half as much as that of the common copal varnish prepared in the usual manner, and while its durability is equal to that of the best oil var nish; it becomes .dry or indurated in a very short time after its application.

Another great advantage my varnish has over the oil varnishes is the great ease with whiehit is applied, three coats of it being applied and dried in the same time it would require one of the oil varnish to become indurated, making a saving of at least thirtythree per cent. in time and labor.

I lay no claim to the employment of either camphene, rectified spirits of turpentine, or

alcohol in connection with gum-copal for the purpose of making varnish, as both eamphene and alcohol have been separately used; nor doI claimthe employment of oil of turpentine andspirits'ofwin'e in" connection with tedjn the proportions substant-iizlly as speci- {)nastic'and rosin in order to form a'varnish; fled. F

. v s 4 V a I What I do claim is--- LIVERAS HULL My new manuficturo of varnish as com- Witnesses: posed of-the gum oopal, or kourie, or kauri,- R. H. EDDY, I a J camphene or its eqiiivalent, and alcohol, uni i. FREDERICK QUR'ms. J