WO1983002748A1 - The lining of pipelines or passageways - Google Patents

The lining of pipelines or passageways Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983002748A1
WO1983002748A1 PCT/GB1983/000019 GB8300019W WO8302748A1 WO 1983002748 A1 WO1983002748 A1 WO 1983002748A1 GB 8300019 W GB8300019 W GB 8300019W WO 8302748 A1 WO8302748 A1 WO 8302748A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lining
passageway
eversion
tube
everting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1983/000019
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Limited Edgealpha
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sewer Services Ltd
Original Assignee
Edgealpha Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=10528125&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1983002748(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Edgealpha Ltd filed Critical Edgealpha Ltd
Priority to FI833141A priority Critical patent/FI833141A0/en
Priority to AT83900640T priority patent/ATE35647T1/en
Priority to JP58500717A priority patent/JPS59500306A/en
Priority to BR8307407A priority patent/BR8307407A/en
Priority to DE8383900640T priority patent/DE3377342D1/en
Publication of WO1983002748A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983002748A1/en
Priority to DK4573/83A priority patent/DK457383D0/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/26—Lining or sheathing of internal surfaces
    • B29C63/34—Lining or sheathing of internal surfaces using tubular layers or sheathings
    • B29C63/36—Lining or sheathing of internal surfaces using tubular layers or sheathings being turned inside out
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
    • F16L55/162—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe
    • F16L55/165—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe or flexible liner being inserted in the damaged section
    • F16L55/1651—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe or flexible liner being inserted in the damaged section the flexible liner being everted
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the lining of pipelines or passageways, including underground sewers and pipes, all collectively referred to herein as passageways.
  • a lining tube of a flexible nature is everted into and along the passageway by means of a fluid, specifically a liquid of a specific gravity which is matched to that of the inwardly travelling lining tube, so that the lining tube is buoyantly supported by the everting liquid.
  • a fluid specifically a liquid of a specific gravity which is matched to that of the inwardly travelling lining tube, so that the lining tube is buoyantly supported by the everting liquid.
  • the lining tube comprises or includes a resin absorbent layer which is impregnated with a curable synthetic resin. It is therefore of substantial weight and its support as it travels inwardly along the passageway is necessary, according to the known method.
  • the resin When the lining is in position, when in the passageway, the resin is cured or caused to cure so that the lining becomes in fact a rigid resin pipe which is free standing.
  • the present invention contemplates an alternative method for the placement of a liner, such as that described above, wherein the use of large amounts of water is not necessary, and in accordance with the present invention the passageway is lined by everting a flexible lining tube into the passageway, wherein a pressure medium keeping the everted lining on the passageway surface is gaseous in nature, and in addition, along the inside of the everting lining tube is a pull cord, wire, tape or the like, on which a tension force can be applied to assist the eversion process.
  • a lubricating medium such as a lubricating soap or oil
  • this aspect of the invention being useful for applications wherein the lining tube is of or includes a resin absorbent layer which is impregnated with a curable synthetic resin.
  • air is used to keep the lining tube on the passageway surface and to assist in everting the lining tube along the passageway, and the pull cord or tape has a tension applied thereto to assist in the eversion.
  • a vacuum may be applied in order further to assist the eversion.
  • the everted lining may be filled with hot air in order to initiate or effect the curing of the resin.
  • the cord or tape may be applied to the lining tube interior in any suitable manner, so that it will emerge from the everting face, and detatch from the tube at the everting face so that tension can be applied thereto in order to assist the eversion. It may well be that the pull cord or tape in fact performs the eversion, the gaseous medium serving simply to keep the everted portion of the tube inflated.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation showing how the lining process according to the known method is performed
  • Fig. 2 shows how the process according to the present invention is performed.
  • Fig.1 there is shown an underground passageway 10 which is in the process of being lined according to the known method by means of lining tube 12.
  • the lining tube 12 is flexible in nature and comprises, before eversion, an inner tube 14 of a synthetic felt which is thoroughly impregnated with a curable resin (for example epoxy or polyester resin), and the outer surface of the felt is covered by a fluid impermeable membrane 16.
  • a curable resin for example epoxy or polyester resin
  • One end 18 of the flexible lining tube 12 is turned back upon itself and anchored at one end of the passageway to a feed pipe, and then a liquid 20 is used to evert the tube into and along the passageway as shown in Fig. 1, the everted portion of the tube being held by fluid pressure against the passageway surface by the pressure of the everting liquid 20.
  • the liquid 20 is of such specific gravity as related to that of the impregnated flexible tube, that the tube is supported with neutral buoyancy by the liquid as it travels along the inside of the passageway, as indicated by the arrows 22.
  • the resin soaking the felt is cured or caused to cure so that there results a rigid pipe lining the passageway.
  • a gaseous medium e.g. air is used to maintain the everted portion of the lining tube inflated against the surface to be lined as indicated by arrows 25, and, as shown in Fig. 2, during the eversion process the inwardly travelling portion of the liner 12 will in fact rest upon that portion of the lining 12 which lines the bottom of the passageway.
  • the lining has in addition and located internally thereof prior to eversion, a pull cord or tape 18 which extends along the interior of the passageway and emerges from the everting face of the lining.
  • a lubricating medium such as soap or oil in the interior of the everted portion of the lining, as indicated by numeral 26. The lubricant is introduced after the initial eversion commences and as much as is necessary is introduced to ensure complete eversion.
  • the tape is connected to one end of the lining, the end opposite to that at which the eversion starts, and as the eversion proceeds, so the. tape spews out of the everting face.
  • the friction between the portion of the tape in the lining and the material of the lining is sufficient to ensure that tension applied to the tape is translated into a pull. on the uneverted part of the lining, assisting it to evert.
  • This method of the invention can be utilised when there is no readily available supply of everting liquid.
  • the tape or cord can also be tensioned at various points and to various degrees in the eversion process to assist the eversion to continue, when for example the everting liner sticks in a particular location during the eversion process.
  • This invention has best application to the use of flexible lining tubes which are impregnated with synthetic resin, but it can also be used where other lining tubes, such as tubes of plastics material film, are used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

Un revêtement tubulaire (12) comprenant une couche intérieure de feutre trempée dans une résine synthétique polymérisable et une couche extérieure imperméable, est retournée dans une canalisation ou un passage au moyen d'un milieu fluide gazeux qui maintient le revêtement contre la surface du passage, une bande ou corde de traction (24) disposée à l'intérieur du revêtement et émergeant de la face se retournant permet d'appliquer une tension au revêtement, et un milieu lubrifiant (26) à l'intérieur de la partie retournée permet le glissement vers l'intérieur de la partie non retournée sur la partie retournée au préalable.A tubular covering (12) comprising an inner layer of felt dipped in a polymerizable synthetic resin and an impermeable outer layer, is returned in a pipe or passage by means of a gaseous fluid medium which maintains the covering against the surface of the passage, a traction strip or cord (24) disposed inside the covering and emerging from the turning face allows tension to be applied to the covering, and a lubricating medium (26) inside the turned part allows sliding towards the inside of the part which has not been turned over on the part turned beforehand.

Description

The lining of pipelines or passageways
This invention relates to the lining of pipelines or passageways, including underground sewers and pipes, all collectively referred to herein as passageways.
There is already known and now widely practised a method of lining passageways, especially underground passageways, which extend substantially horizontally, wherein a lining tube of a flexible nature is everted into and along the passageway by means of a fluid, specifically a liquid of a specific gravity which is matched to that of the inwardly travelling lining tube, so that the lining tube is buoyantly supported by the everting liquid. This is of importance because the lining tube comprises or includes a resin absorbent layer which is impregnated with a curable synthetic resin. It is therefore of substantial weight and its support as it travels inwardly along the passageway is necessary, according to the known method.
When the lining is in position, when in the passageway, the resin is cured or caused to cure so that the lining becomes in fact a rigid resin pipe which is free standing.
It is usual to use water as the everting liquid, but in many circumstances a ready supply of water is not always available, and as the process may involve lining considerable lengths of passageway, in some cases large quantities of water may be required.
The present invention contemplates an alternative method for the placement of a liner, such as that described above, wherein the use of large amounts of water is not necessary, and in accordance with the present invention the passageway is lined by everting a flexible lining tube into the passageway, wherein a pressure medium keeping the everted lining on the passageway surface is gaseous in nature, and in addition, along the inside of the everting lining tube is a pull cord, wire, tape or the like, on which a tension force can be applied to assist the eversion process.
In order to assist the sliding of the lining along the inside of the passageway, there may be used a lubricating medium such as a lubricating soap or oil, this aspect of the invention being useful for applications wherein the lining tube is of or includes a resin absorbent layer which is impregnated with a curable synthetic resin.
In the preferred method of operation, air is used to keep the lining tube on the passageway surface and to assist in everting the lining tube along the passageway, and the pull cord or tape has a tension applied thereto to assist in the eversion.
In the passageway, downstream of the everting face, a vacuum may be applied in order further to assist the eversion.
When the lining includes a curable resin as above-mentioned, upon completion of the eversion, the everted lining may be filled with hot air in order to initiate or effect the curing of the resin.
The cord or tape may be applied to the lining tube interior in any suitable manner, so that it will emerge from the everting face, and detatch from the tube at the everting face so that tension can be applied thereto in order to assist the eversion. It may well be that the pull cord or tape in fact performs the eversion, the gaseous medium serving simply to keep the everted portion of the tube inflated.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, wherein:-
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation showing how the lining process according to the known method is performed;
Fig. 2 shows how the process according to the present invention is performed.
Referring to the drawings, in Fig.1 there is shown an underground passageway 10 which is in the process of being lined according to the known method by means of lining tube 12. The lining tube 12 is flexible in nature and comprises, before eversion, an inner tube 14 of a synthetic felt which is thoroughly impregnated with a curable resin (for example epoxy or polyester resin), and the outer surface of the felt is covered by a fluid impermeable membrane 16. One end 18 of the flexible lining tube 12 is turned back upon itself and anchored at one end of the passageway to a feed pipe, and then a liquid 20 is used to evert the tube into and along the passageway as shown in Fig. 1, the everted portion of the tube being held by fluid pressure against the passageway surface by the pressure of the everting liquid 20. The liquid 20 is of such specific gravity as related to that of the impregnated flexible tube, that the tube is supported with neutral buoyancy by the liquid as it travels along the inside of the passageway, as indicated by the arrows 22. When the eversion has been completed, the resin soaking the felt is cured or caused to cure so that there results a rigid pipe lining the passageway.
The above process is satisfactorily performed in many countries of the world.
In accordance with the process according to this invention, which does not require the utilisation of a supply of liquid, a gaseous medium, e.g. air is used to maintain the everted portion of the lining tube inflated against the surface to be lined as indicated by arrows 25, and, as shown in Fig. 2, during the eversion process the inwardly travelling portion of the liner 12 will in fact rest upon that portion of the lining 12 which lines the bottom of the passageway. In accordance with the method of the invention however, the lining has in addition and located internally thereof prior to eversion, a pull cord or tape 18 which extends along the interior of the passageway and emerges from the everting face of the lining. Tension on this tape by any suitable means such as by hand or a winch device, assists or effects the eversion process enabling the lining to be everted satisfactorily into position, lining tire passageway. To assist the slipping of the inwardly travelling portion of the lining, there may be a lubricating medium such as soap or oil in the interior of the everted portion of the lining, as indicated by numeral 26. The lubricant is introduced after the initial eversion commences and as much as is necessary is introduced to ensure complete eversion.
The tape is connected to one end of the lining, the end opposite to that at which the eversion starts, and as the eversion proceeds, so the. tape spews out of the everting face. The friction between the portion of the tape in the lining and the material of the lining is sufficient to ensure that tension applied to the tape is translated into a pull. on the uneverted part of the lining, assisting it to evert.
This method of the invention can be utilised when there is no readily available supply of everting liquid.
The tape or cord can also be tensioned at various points and to various degrees in the eversion process to assist the eversion to continue, when for example the everting liner sticks in a particular location during the eversion process.
This invention has best application to the use of flexible lining tubes which are impregnated with synthetic resin, but it can also be used where other lining tubes, such as tubes of plastics material film, are used.

Claims

1. A method of lining a passageway by everting a flexible lining tube into the passageway, wherein a pressure medium keeping the everted lining on the passageway surface is gaseous in nature, and in addition, along the inside of the everting lining tube is a pull cord, wire, tape or the like, on which a tension force can be applied to assist the eversion process.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein there is a lubricating medium such as a lubricating soap or oil inside the lining tube so that the inwardly travelling portion thereof slips over a previously everted portion.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the lining includes or comprises a layer of resin absorbent material which is impregnated with a curable synthetic resin.
4. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein pressure air is used to keep the lining on the passageway surface.
5. A method according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pull cord or tape has a tension applied thereto to assist in the eversion.
6. A method according to claim 3, wherein upon completion of the eversion, the everted lining is filled with hot air in order to effect or initiate curing of the resin.
7. A pipeline or passageway lined according to the method of any of the preceding claims.
PCT/GB1983/000019 1982-02-05 1983-01-31 The lining of pipelines or passageways Ceased WO1983002748A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI833141A FI833141A0 (en) 1982-02-05 1983-01-31 FODRING AV ROERLEDNINGAR ELLER KANALER
AT83900640T ATE35647T1 (en) 1982-02-05 1983-01-31 LINING OF PIPES OR PLUMES.
JP58500717A JPS59500306A (en) 1982-02-05 1983-01-31 How to line a pipeline or passageway
BR8307407A BR8307407A (en) 1982-02-05 1983-01-31 METAL COATING METHOD
DE8383900640T DE3377342D1 (en) 1982-02-05 1983-01-31 The lining of pipelines or passageways
DK4573/83A DK457383D0 (en) 1982-02-05 1983-10-04 LINING OF PIPES OR PASSENGERS

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8203303820205 1982-02-05
GB8203303 1982-02-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1983002748A1 true WO1983002748A1 (en) 1983-08-18

Family

ID=10528125

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1983/000019 Ceased WO1983002748A1 (en) 1982-02-05 1983-01-31 The lining of pipelines or passageways

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US4581085A (en)
EP (1) EP0112841B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59500306A (en)
AT (1) ATE35647T1 (en)
AU (1) AU555684B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8307407A (en)
CA (1) CA1217416A (en)
DE (1) DE3377342D1 (en)
DK (1) DK457383D0 (en)
EG (1) EG16528A (en)
FI (1) FI833141A0 (en)
IN (1) IN157407B (en)
IT (1) IT1161875B (en)
NO (1) NO833467L (en)
SU (1) SU1295998A3 (en)
WO (1) WO1983002748A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA83721B (en)

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FR2576314A1 (en) * 1985-01-22 1986-07-25 Renvoise Jacques Method for in-situ leakproofing a leaky vessel and vessel thus treated
FR2599464A1 (en) * 1986-05-27 1987-12-04 Benelux Sa Point Interne Method for sealing and mechanically strengthening a sewer pipe, and more generally a pipe in an existing network, which has been damaged by various phenomena.
FR2600749A1 (en) * 1986-06-27 1987-12-31 Hurner Sarl Method for internally lining a pipeline, lining tube for implementing it, and method for producing this tube
GB2208311A (en) * 1987-07-28 1989-03-22 Jr Campbell H Steketee Lining pipe
AU590566B2 (en) * 1986-02-20 1989-11-09 Trest Juzhvodoprovod Method and device for forming protective layer on internal surface of pipeline
EP0347364A1 (en) * 1988-06-09 1989-12-20 SAERBECK-TEXTIL WAGENER GmbH & CO. KG. Process for the production of a hose as inner lining of a sewer pipe
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GB8418038D0 (en) * 1984-07-16 1984-08-22 Edgealpha Ltd Lining of pipelines/passageways
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US5407630A (en) * 1989-03-21 1995-04-18 Insituform (Netherlands) Bv Lining of pipelines or passageways
AU660770B2 (en) * 1989-04-07 1995-07-06 Specialised Equipment (Australia) Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for in situ repair of pipelines while maintaining liquid flow therethrough
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US6540438B2 (en) * 2000-06-27 2003-04-01 Terre Hill Silo Company Inflatable underground structure liner
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US6423258B1 (en) 2000-07-31 2002-07-23 American Pipe & Plastics, Inc. Machine and method for providing folded pipe liners
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WO2003106881A1 (en) * 2002-06-18 2003-12-24 Sideliner Enterprises Pty Ltd Guiding means for installation of formed-in-situ conduit repairs
US7478650B2 (en) * 2002-06-19 2009-01-20 Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Canada, Ltd. Inversion liner and liner components for conduits
US7096890B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2006-08-29 Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Canada, Ltd. Inversion liner and liner components for conduits
US7476348B2 (en) * 2005-03-04 2009-01-13 High Bar, Llc Liner installation in pipes
AU2014253801B2 (en) 2013-04-18 2018-05-17 Lmk Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for repairing main and lateral pipes
EP3092434B1 (en) 2014-01-06 2019-02-27 LMK Technologies, LLC Method and apparatus for lining a pipe
GB201410508D0 (en) * 2014-06-06 2014-07-30 Olimb Group As Arrangement and method for lining pipes
US9851041B2 (en) 2015-03-04 2017-12-26 Emagineered Solutions, Inc. Tubing everting apparatus, assemblies, and methods
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GB1069623A (en) * 1962-09-26 1967-05-24 Int Combustion Holdings Ltd Improvements in or relating to apparatus for feeding foexible tubes through conduits
GB1025011A (en) * 1962-10-09 1966-04-06 British Ceramic Res Ass Improved means and method for inserting cables in conduits and for similar purposes
US4135958A (en) * 1974-01-25 1979-01-23 Insituform International Inc. Method of lining a passageway with a resin absorbent tube
GB1569675A (en) * 1977-02-08 1980-06-18 Insituform Ltd Methods of producing flexible tubular structures for use in lining passageways
US4202531A (en) * 1978-10-02 1980-05-13 Thomas Industries of Tennessee Inc. Pneumatic rodding of conduit using everted flexible tubing

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2576314A1 (en) * 1985-01-22 1986-07-25 Renvoise Jacques Method for in-situ leakproofing a leaky vessel and vessel thus treated
AU590566B2 (en) * 1986-02-20 1989-11-09 Trest Juzhvodoprovod Method and device for forming protective layer on internal surface of pipeline
FR2599464A1 (en) * 1986-05-27 1987-12-04 Benelux Sa Point Interne Method for sealing and mechanically strengthening a sewer pipe, and more generally a pipe in an existing network, which has been damaged by various phenomena.
FR2600749A1 (en) * 1986-06-27 1987-12-31 Hurner Sarl Method for internally lining a pipeline, lining tube for implementing it, and method for producing this tube
GB2208311A (en) * 1987-07-28 1989-03-22 Jr Campbell H Steketee Lining pipe
GB2208311B (en) * 1987-07-28 1992-02-05 Jr Campbell H Steketee Process and apparatus for installing a new pipe inside an existing pipe
EP0347364A1 (en) * 1988-06-09 1989-12-20 SAERBECK-TEXTIL WAGENER GmbH & CO. KG. Process for the production of a hose as inner lining of a sewer pipe
WO1993020373A1 (en) * 1992-04-03 1993-10-14 Sound Pipe Ltd Pipes suitable for advanced gas distribution systems
US5411060A (en) * 1992-04-03 1995-05-02 Chandler; Brian Composite pipe

Also Published As

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DK457383A (en) 1983-10-04
BR8307407A (en) 1984-05-08
IN157407B (en) 1986-03-22
JPS59500306A (en) 1984-03-01
DK457383D0 (en) 1983-10-04
DE3377342D1 (en) 1988-08-18
FI833141L (en) 1983-09-02
CA1217416A (en) 1987-02-03
NO833467L (en) 1983-09-27
EP0112841B1 (en) 1988-07-13
IT8319439A0 (en) 1983-02-04
JPS6311134B2 (en) 1988-03-11
IT1161875B (en) 1987-03-18
EG16528A (en) 1991-03-30
ATE35647T1 (en) 1988-07-15
FI833141A7 (en) 1983-09-02
FI833141A0 (en) 1983-09-02
US4581085A (en) 1986-04-08
EP0112841A1 (en) 1984-07-11
SU1295998A3 (en) 1987-03-07
AU1222283A (en) 1983-08-25
ZA83721B (en) 1983-11-30
AU555684B2 (en) 1986-10-02

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