WO1983002972A1

WO1983002972A1 - Ventilating wall element

Info

Publication number: WO1983002972A1
Application number: PCT/SE1983/000054
Authority: WO
Inventors: Olavi Paljakka
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1982-02-24
Filing date: 1983-02-21
Publication date: 1983-09-01
Anticipated expiration: 1984-08-21
Also published as: US4619312A; EP0102969B1; EP0102969A1; DE3369168D1; SE426720B

Abstract

L'invention concerne le domaine de la technologie de construction de bâtiments et porte sur la partie d'isolation thermique du mur extérieur d'un bâtiment. (Elle peut également s'appliquer à des planchers et à des plafonds). D'autres murs dans le bâtiment peuvent également convenir, dans le cas de différences de température entre espaces et pour des besoins de ventilation. L'invention est conçue pour être utilisée aussi bien pour des espaces chauffés que pour des espaces froids, et s'attaque au problème des pertes d'énergie relatives à la ventilation, à l'humidité de l'air dans une pièce et à la température des surfaces. Le principe fondamental de l'invention consiste dans le fait que le mur est construit pour constituer lui-même un échangeur thermique de type à contre-courant et pour transmettre l'humidité et la chaleur de l'air refoulé (air frais) à l'air frais (air refoulé). En même temps, on obtient une température des surfaces égale à celle de l'air ambiant.The invention relates to the field of building construction technology and relates to the thermal insulation part of the exterior wall of a building. (It can also be applied to floors and ceilings). Other walls in the building may also be suitable, in the case of temperature differences between spaces and for ventilation purposes. The invention is intended to be used for both heated and cold spaces, and addresses the problem of energy loss related to ventilation, humidity in the room and surface temperature. The fundamental principle of the invention consists in the fact that the wall is constructed to constitute itself a heat exchanger of the counter-current type and to transmit the humidity and the heat of the discharged air (fresh air) to the fresh air (exhaust air). At the same time, a surface temperature equal to that of the ambient air is obtained.

Description

Ventilating Wall Element

In the assembled state the ventilating wall elements are intended to form the heat insulating part of an outer wall in a house building. (Where applicable the term wall also includes floors and ceilings.) Also other building walls may be appropriate, if there are temperature differences between spaces and a need for ventilation.

The problems underlying the invention are dealt with in the manual Bygg, del 6 s Husbyggnadsteknik (Building, part 6: House building technology).

The energy losses which occur when ventilating heated(or cooled) space^'s are considerable. E.g. in a dwelling house in northernlatitudes the heat losses due to ventilation are about equally large as the heat flow through insulated walls and the ceiling. In workshops, where there is a major need for ventilation, the losses too are multiplied. A well known difficulty which arises when ventilating heated spaces consists in the dry room air. Comprehensive air conditioning systems are frequently too expensive and take too much space. Also the heat recovery systems currently available cannot dispose of the humidity from the exhaust air and have, owing to the danger of freezing, a low efficiency. In heated spaces where people are constantly present the surface temperature at the walls is also of great importance. Owing to the transfer resistance of the wall surfaces this temperature is always lower than the air temperature, which gives rise to so-called drafts and discomfort by way of irregularity in heat radiation. T e ventilating wall element transmits both humidity and heat from the exhaust air (fresh air) to the fresh air (exhaust air), as a result of which the energy losses arising in the course of ventila¬ tion are eliminated. Furthermore, the wall surface temperature becomes the same as that of the room air. These characteristics are achieved owing to the fact that the element is designed as a heat exchanger of counterflow type and is produced entirely or in part of moisture-permeable material as well as in that the exhaust air is blown in at the rear of the wall surface. The element is functionally symmetrical and can be used equally well for heated and for cooled spaces. Described below is an embodi¬ ment of an element intended for heated spaces and produced of card¬ boards: List of figures (see drawing):

Fig. 1 : The element seen from the room, from the side and from above.

Fig. 2- Dit. A. Enlarged horizontal section.

Fig. - ^"m-m-m^' . B. Enlarged vertical section. The element consists of thin vertical layers comprising narrow horizontal ducts (1 ) alternating for exhaust air and fresh air respectively. The ends of the element contain ducts (2) linking the above-mentioned ducts. The two outer layers on ^"both sides of the element do not contain ducts and operate as pressure equalising gaps (5).

The exhaust air is blown into the element from a header ducts (4) at the ceiling. The velocity is regulated with the aid of a fan. The air leaves the element through small openings at the bottom (5).

Fresh air is sucked in by the negative pressure at skirting (6) - and enters the element through small openings at the top (7). If the required negative pressure is not available, se is made of a ducted fan also for the fresh air.

The air velocity is so adjusted as to counteract the natural convection_* If the fan is not switched on the element acts as a conventional heat insulation.

The parameters for the element are on the one hand the temperature drop at right angles to the plane of the element, and on the other hand the temperature drop along the plane of the element. The temperature drop along the plane of the element, i.e. through the duct walls characterises the element's efficiency as regards heat recovery. The latter is controlled by the duct length (and choice of material). The amounts of air are controlled by the combined cross-sectional area of the ducts (and the air velocity).

Since the exhaust air gives off the major part of its humidity prior to cooling, formation of ice is of less importance under normal

^0RE ^ OMPI °^* conditions. If required defrosting is effected by increasing the air velocity and reducing the amount of fresh air through valves, as a result of which the element heats up.

Claims

Patent Claim

A ventilating wall element intended or ventilation and heat insulation ^"between two spaces subject to different temperatures, where air from these spaces is conducted subject to induced pressure through a system of ducts so that ^"both types of air are separated by thin walls with a view to exchanging heat and humidity, respectively, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that in a plane at right angles to the wall surface the element is subdivided into a number of ducts (1) parallel to the wall surface, whereby these ducts are joined in pairs at the ends with the aid of special ducts (2) thus giving rise to a single coherent duct in the same plane, in that the element consists of several such coherent ducts alternately arranged for both types of air, and in that the outer ends of the ducts on ^"both sides of the element are joined to special pressure equalising gaps (3) for the respective types of air.