WO1988001945A1 - Fixed spike, respectively sleeve-mounted spike, fitted on a vehicle tyre - Google Patents

Fixed spike, respectively sleeve-mounted spike, fitted on a vehicle tyre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988001945A1
WO1988001945A1 PCT/FI1987/000123 FI8700123W WO8801945A1 WO 1988001945 A1 WO1988001945 A1 WO 1988001945A1 FI 8700123 W FI8700123 W FI 8700123W WO 8801945 A1 WO8801945 A1 WO 8801945A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spike
sleeve
fixed
region
asymmetric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1987/000123
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Unto LINDÉN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neste Oyj
Original Assignee
Neste Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Neste Oyj filed Critical Neste Oyj
Priority to DE8787906310T priority Critical patent/DE3770160D1/en
Priority to AT87906310T priority patent/ATE63502T1/en
Publication of WO1988001945A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988001945A1/en
Priority to NO882022A priority patent/NO163322C/en
Priority to DK258488A priority patent/DK161877C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/14—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band
    • B60C11/16—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile
    • B60C11/1643—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile with special shape of the plug-body portion, i.e. not cylindrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/14—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band
    • B60C11/16—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile
    • B60C11/1643—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile with special shape of the plug-body portion, i.e. not cylindrical
    • B60C11/1656—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile with special shape of the plug-body portion, i.e. not cylindrical concave or convex, e.g. barrel-shaped

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a fixed spike, respectively a sleeve- mounted spike, fitted on a vehicle tyre.
  • the longitudinal forces acting on the spike when the tyre is rolling are due to bending of the body structure, to longitudinal slipping and to the stress wave in the rubber.
  • the tyre body undergoes bending such that the radius of the bent part is significally smaller than that of equivalent parts of the load-freetyre. This deflects the spike, which has been mounted at right angles against the surface, to assume a vertical position before contact with the road. Owing to the protrusion of the spike point, however, the spike is not turned into sufficiently upright position: it meets the road surface in an oblique position. At this stage, the forces due to slipping tendency also begin to exert their influence.
  • the impact has been found to be due to the kinetic energy of the spike, in other words, to the mass of the spike and its velocity in the direction against the road surface.
  • the effective mass is influenced by the spike mass itself and, in addition, by a friction force, its magnitude depending, in its turn, on the spike design in that the friction of a spike body mounted in a sleeve results from sliding between the sleeve and the metallic body, while the friction force of a fixed spike is active between the spike body and the rubber.
  • the mass of a fixed spike is influenced, owing to its shaping, partly also by the mass of the surrpunding rubber.
  • the shape of the spike has been symmetric and it has been mounted in a hole, perpendicular against the wear surface of the tyre, whereby it meets the road in a slightly oblique position as the forces mentioned affect its position.
  • the aim of the invention is to achieve an improvement in currently known fixed spike designs, respectively sleeve-mounted spike designs.
  • the more specific aim of the invention is to provide a fixed spike, respectively a sleeve-incunted spike, in which the drawbacks embarrassing designs of prior art have been avoided.
  • the aims of the invention are achieved by means of a fixed spike, respectively a sleeve-mounted spike, which is mainly characterized in that the fixed spike, respectively the sleeve-mounted spike, features an asymmetric region which has been disposed to produce a force component turning the fixed spike, respectively the sleeve mounted spike, in such manner that the fixed spike, respectively the sleeve-mounted spike, has been arranged to meet the road surface, at initial contact with the road surface, in a position which is substantially perpendicular.
  • the dynamic impact force is reduced by exerting an effect on the spike just before the onset of road contact in that its movement is stopped by directing a lifting force ccanponent thereon.
  • the road contact is made less abrasive on the road when the spike is lifted to a more nearly vertical position in relation to the road surface; the more upright position of the spike also reduces the scratcing wear in the terminal part of the road contact area and increases the durability of the spike in the tyre.
  • Fig. 1 presents an advantageous embodiment of the fixed spike of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 presents an advantageous embodiment of the sleeve-mounted spike of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 the fixed spike of the invention in general is indicated by reference numeral 10.
  • the fixed spike 10 is composed of a body part 11, a flange part 12 and a point 13.
  • the rubber of the vehicle tyre is indicated by reference numeral 14, and the wear surface of the tyre by reference numeral 16.
  • the fixed spike 10 is made asymmetric,
  • asymnetry has been implemented by designing the flange 12 to be asymmetric on one margin 15.
  • the asymmetric part 15 need not necessarily occur on the flange 12: a similar asymmetric part 15 may also be provided on the body part 11.
  • the asymmetric part 15 constitutes a kind of beak disposed to take up the resultant of the road contact force, indicated in Fig. 1 by arrows R 0 -R 2 .
  • the driving direction is indicated by arrow A and the road surface, by reference numeral 17.
  • the sleeve-mounted spike of the invention in general is indicated by reference numeral 20.
  • the sleeve-mounted spike 20 consists of a rivet 21, of the flange 22 of the rivet 21, of a point 23 and of a sleeve 24.
  • the protrusion of the spike from the wear surface 16 is indicated by e.
  • the sleeve 24 is provided with an asymmetric region 25 disposed to take up the resultant R 0 -R 2 of the road contact force in a way similar to that in the embodiment of Fig. 1.
  • the asymmetric region is provided on the sleeve at a height which is substantially consistent with the location of the flange 22 of the rivet 21.
  • the asymmetric region 25 is a claw-lite region.
  • the asymmetric region 25 may, of course, equally be located slightly lower on the sleeve, that is, similarly as in the embodiment of Fig. 1, in other words, in the sleeve region at the height corresponding to the upper part of the rivet 21.
  • the other reference numerals correspond to those in the embodiment of Fig. 1.
  • the spike of the invention When the spike of the invention is installed in the hole, the spike causes a static stress region in the surrounding rubber. When the stress wave caused by compression of the tyre meets the stress region of the spike asymmetrically, and exceeds it, the spike turns owing to the compressed state of the rubber. At the same time, the spike is influenced by forces arising from the rotation of the tyre. The situation is illustrated by Figs 1 and 2.
  • the pressure resultant also moves forward to the point R 2 , whereby it encounters the spike flange and imparts to it an upward acceleration, with the component F 1 , and at the same time turns it from the position as installed to a position more nearly perpendicular against the road surface, with the component F 2 .
  • the spike is enabled to turn because there is no compression forward of it. It is possible to influence the utilization of said forces by the mode of installing the spike and by its shape features.
  • a shaped structure also creates on the side where said pressure resultants act, a wider local pressure region on which the pressure resultant from the compressed rubber exerts an even sore powerful effect.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Mirrors, Picture Frames, Photograph Stands, And Related Fastening Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A fixed spike, respectively a sleeve-mounted spike, fitted on a vehicle tyre. The fixed spike, respectively the sleeve-mounted spike, features an asymetric region which is disposed to produce a force component (F2) turning the fixed spike, respectively the sleeve-mounted spike (20) so that the fixed spike, respectively the sleeve-mounted spike (20) is arranged, at initial contact with the road surface (17), to meet the road surface (17) substantially in vertical position.

Description

Fixed spike, respectively sleeve-mounted spike, fitted on a vehicle tyre
The present invention concerns a fixed spike, respectively a sleeve- mounted spike, fitted on a vehicle tyre.
Increasing traffic load and spike tyres in combination have proved to be a remarkable road attrition factor. In seme countries this has even led to prohibition of spike tyres, or at least to considerable restrictions.
In Nordic conditions, the beneficial effect of an anti-slip means on the safety and flexibility of traffic has on the other hand been irrefutably demonstrated, and this effect should not be sacrificed: instead, the associated drawbacks should be eliminated. Good results will be achieved by further developing both the road superetructures and the anti-slip tyres.
As a pneumatic autancfoile tyre rolls on an even surface, it is considerably flattened radially, owing to its flexibility, whereby in the contact region longitudinal as well as transversal forces are generated owing to changes of the rolling radius.
The longitudinal forces acting on the spike when the tyre is rolling are due to bending of the body structure, to longitudinal slipping and to the stress wave in the rubber.
When a spike approaches the point of contact with the road, the tyre body undergoes bending such that the radius of the bent part is significally smaller than that of equivalent parts of the load-freetyre. This deflects the spike, which has been mounted at right angles against the surface, to assume a vertical position before contact with the road. Owing to the protrusion of the spike point, however, the spike is not turned into sufficiently upright position: it meets the road surface in an oblique position. At this stage, the forces due to slipping tendency also begin to exert their influence.
As the rotating tyre surface and the protruding body (the spike) attached thereto meet the road surface, a dynamically caused impact against the road surface is produced. The attrition of the road can be significally reduced if said impact can be eliminated or reduced.
The impact has been found to be due to the kinetic energy of the spike, in other words, to the mass of the spike and its velocity in the direction against the road surface. The effective mass is influenced by the spike mass itself and, in addition, by a friction force, its magnitude depending, in its turn, on the spike design in that the friction of a spike body mounted in a sleeve results from sliding between the sleeve and the metallic body, while the friction force of a fixed spike is active between the spike body and the rubber. The mass of a fixed spike is influenced, owing to its shaping, partly also by the mass of the surrpunding rubber.
Prior designs have not eliminated the abrasion effect from the dynamic impact in any other way than by reducing the mass of the spike, and it is believed that the practical minimum limit has already been reached in this respect. As taught by the new invention, certain design features are suggested for the spike and the tyre with the express aim to reduce the cryramic initial contact peak and the ultimate scratch.
Traditionally, the shape of the spike has been symmetric and it has been mounted in a hole, perpendicular against the wear surface of the tyre, whereby it meets the road in a slightly oblique position as the forces mentioned affect its position. The oblique contact ofthe spike with the road, as well as its being pushed deeper into the tyre in oblique position during the initial part of road contact, cause damage to the rubber and to the spike which impairs the friction properties of the spike, detract from the durability of the spike and increase its road attrition properties. The aim of the invention is to achieve an improvement in currently known fixed spike designs, respectively sleeve-mounted spike designs. The more specific aim of the invention is to provide a fixed spike, respectively a sleeve-incunted spike, in which the drawbacks embarrassing designs of prior art have been avoided.
The aims of the invention are achieved by means of a fixed spike, respectively a sleeve-mounted spike, which is mainly characterized in that the fixed spike, respectively the sleeve-mounted spike, features an asymmetric region which has been disposed to produce a force component turning the fixed spike, respectively the sleeve mounted spike, in such manner that the fixed spike, respectively the sleeve-mounted spike, has been arranged to meet the road surface, at initial contact with the road surface, in a position which is substantially perpendicular.
The rest of the characteristic features of the fixed spike, respectively sleeve-mounted spike, of the invention are presented in claims
2-8.
As taught by the invention, the dynamic impact force is reduced by exerting an effect on the spike just before the onset of road contact in that its movement is stopped by directing a lifting force ccanponent thereon. In addition, the road contact is made less abrasive on the road when the spike is lifted to a more nearly vertical position in relation to the road surface; the more upright position of the spike also reduces the scratcing wear in the terminal part of the road contact area and increases the durability of the spike in the tyre.
when an asymm etric spike is mounted in a conventional spike hole, it becomes so positioned at installation already that its road contact will take place with the spike in a position which is substantially more upright against the road surface than that of an equivalent symmetric spike. By designing the configuration of the asymmetric beak and of the region generating the ccunterforce, and by the extent to which the spike projects, the position of the spike at the moment immediately before road contact is adjusted to be optimal.
The invention is described in the following more in detail by referring to seme advantageous embodiments of the invention, presented in the figures of the drawing attached, yet to which, the invention is not meant to be exclusively confined.
Fig. 1 presents an advantageous embodiment of the fixed spike of the invention.
Fig. 2 presents an advantageous embodiment of the sleeve-mounted spike of the invention.
In Fig. 1 the fixed spike of the invention in general is indicated by reference numeral 10. The fixed spike 10 is composed of a body part 11, a flange part 12 and a point 13. The rubber of the vehicle tyre is indicated by reference numeral 14, and the wear surface of the tyre by reference numeral 16.
As described by the basic idea of the invention, the fixed spike 10 is made asymmetric, In the present embodiment, asymnetry has been implemented by designing the flange 12 to be asymmetric on one margin 15. The asymmetric part 15 need not necessarily occur on the flange 12: a similar asymmetric part 15 may also be provided on the body part 11. In the most advantageous embodiment, the asymmetric part 15 constitutes a kind of beak disposed to take up the resultant of the road contact force, indicated in Fig. 1 by arrows R0-R2. In Fig. 1,the driving direction is indicated by arrow A and the road surface, by reference numeral 17.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the sleeve-mounted spike of the invention in general is indicated by reference numeral 20. The sleeve-mounted spike 20 consists of a rivet 21, of the flange 22 of the rivet 21, of a point 23 and of a sleeve 24. The protrusion of the spike from the wear surface 16 is indicated by e. As taught by the basic idea of the invention, the sleeve 24 is provided with an asymmetric region 25 disposed to take up the resultant R0-R2 of the road contact force in a way similar to that in the embodiment of Fig. 1. In this embodiment, the asymmetric region is provided on the sleeve at a height which is substantially consistent with the location of the flange 22 of the rivet 21. The asymmetric region 25 is a claw-lite region. The asymmetric region 25 may, of course, equally be located slightly lower on the sleeve, that is, similarly as in the embodiment of Fig. 1, in other words, in the sleeve region at the height corresponding to the upper part of the rivet 21. The other reference numerals correspond to those in the embodiment of Fig. 1.
When the spike of the invention is installed in the hole, the spike causes a static stress region in the surrounding rubber. When the stress wave caused by compression of the tyre meets the stress region of the spike asymmetrically, and exceeds it, the spike turns owing to the compressed state of the rubber. At the same time, the spike is influenced by forces arising from the rotation of the tyre. The situation is illustrated by Figs 1 and 2.
In a static situation and at low speeds, the pressure effect originating from the contact angle K of the rubber is uniform and its resultant R0 is very close to vertical. The rear margin of the rubber piece bulges cut rearwards and the contact surface, forward against the road. With higher speed, the pressure resultant turns forward in the direction R1, and the pressure pattern becomes more pronouncedly oval. The pressure resultant is also turned forward because in the region B the pressure in the rubber is lower since no compressive force is present there. Owing to the rotation of the tyre and the compression of the rubber, the pressure resultant also moves forward to the point R2, whereby it encounters the spike flange and imparts to it an upward acceleration, with the component F1, and at the same time turns it from the position as installed to a position more nearly perpendicular against the road surface, with the component F2. The spike is enabled to turn because there is no compression forward of it. It is possible to influence the utilization of said forces by the mode of installing the spike and by its shape features. A shaped structure also creates on the side where said pressure resultants act, a wider local pressure region on which the pressure resultant from the compressed rubber exerts an even sore powerful effect.

Claims

Claims
1. A fixed spike, respectively a sleeve-mounted spike, fitted on a vehicle tyre, characterized in that the fixed spike, respectively the sleeve-mounted spike, presents an asymmetric region disposed to produce a force component (F2) turning the fixed spike (10), respectively the sleeve-mounted spike (20), so that the fixed spike (10), respectively the sleeve-mounted spike (20), is arranged, at initial contact with the road surface (17), to meet the road surface (17) in a substantially perpendicular position.
2. Fixed spike according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed spike (10) is asymmetric.
3. Sleeve-mounted spike according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve (20) of the sleeve-mounted spike is asymmetric.
4. Fixed spike according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flange (12) of the fixed spike (10) has an asymmetric region (15).
5. Fixed spike according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the body part (11) of the fixed spike (10) has an asymmetric region (15).
6. Sleeve-mounted spike according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the sleeve (24) of the sleeve-mounted spike (20) is asyranetric in the region corresponding to the flange (22) of the rivet (21).
7. Sleeve-mounted spike according to claim 1 or 3, ch aracterized in that the asymmetric region (25) of the sleeve (24) is located substantieilly in the region of the upper part of the rivet (21).
8. Fixed spike, respectively sleeve-mounted spike, according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the asymmetric region (15,25) is at the same time disposed to produce a force component (F1) lifting the fixed spike (10), respectively the sleeve-mounted spike (20), whereby the velocity, due to rotation of the tyre, at which the spike and the road meet has at the same time been arranged to be substantially reduced.
PCT/FI1987/000123 1986-09-19 1987-09-18 Fixed spike, respectively sleeve-mounted spike, fitted on a vehicle tyre Ceased WO1988001945A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8787906310T DE3770160D1 (en) 1986-09-19 1987-09-18 SOLID, IN PARTICULAR, TUBE BUILT TO THE TOP, FASTENED ON A VEHICLE TIRE.
AT87906310T ATE63502T1 (en) 1986-09-19 1987-09-18 SOLID SPECIALLY SLEEVE CONSTRUCTION TIP MOUNTED ONTO A VEHICLE TIRE.
NO882022A NO163322C (en) 1986-09-19 1988-05-09 FIXED PIGG, RESPECTIVE SHELF-MOUNTED PIGG ORGANIZED IN A VEHICLE TIRE.
DK258488A DK161877C (en) 1986-09-19 1988-05-11 FIXED GIRL, HOWEVER BUSINESS FITTED GIRL, MOUNTED ON A PICTURE DECK

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI863801A FI84455C (en) 1986-09-19 1986-09-19 FAST STIFT, HYDRAULIC ENGINE, ANORDNAT I ETT FORDONSDAECK.
FI863801 1986-09-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988001945A1 true WO1988001945A1 (en) 1988-03-24

Family

ID=8523183

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1987/000123 Ceased WO1988001945A1 (en) 1986-09-19 1987-09-18 Fixed spike, respectively sleeve-mounted spike, fitted on a vehicle tyre

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4884608A (en)
EP (1) EP0281618B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01500815A (en)
DK (1) DK161877C (en)
FI (1) FI84455C (en)
WO (1) WO1988001945A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD584979S1 (en) * 2007-09-19 2009-01-20 Nokian Tyres Plc Tire spike
US20130000807A1 (en) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-03 Frederic Michel-Jean Pons Anti-skid stud for insertion into the tread of a vehicle tire and pneumatic tire comprising such anti-skid studs
JP6023424B2 (en) * 2011-12-28 2016-11-09 株式会社ブリヂストン Studded tires

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH524487A (en) * 1970-06-11 1972-06-30 Neidhardt Hans Ulrich Dr Ing Studded tires

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI46349B (en) * 1971-08-27 1972-11-30 Patent Holding Ltd
JPS4835524A (en) * 1971-09-03 1973-05-25
JPS59202912A (en) * 1983-05-02 1984-11-16 Shimizu Tokuo Tire spike and fixing method thereof

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH524487A (en) * 1970-06-11 1972-06-30 Neidhardt Hans Ulrich Dr Ing Studded tires

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol 9, No 70, M-367, Abstract of JP 59-202912, publ 1984-11-16 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK258488D0 (en) 1988-05-11
DK161877B (en) 1991-08-26
JPH0513842B2 (en) 1993-02-23
FI863801A0 (en) 1986-09-19
JPH01500815A (en) 1989-03-23
EP0281618B1 (en) 1991-05-15
FI84455C (en) 1991-12-10
FI84455B (en) 1991-08-30
US4884608A (en) 1989-12-05
DK161877C (en) 1992-02-17
FI863801L (en) 1988-03-20
DK258488A (en) 1988-05-11
EP0281618A1 (en) 1988-09-14

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