WO1988005672A1 - Epi-cardial electrode with an incorporated cardiac radio-frequency receiver (crr) for temporary heart stimulation from the outside, pre-arranged for permanent stimulation - Google Patents

Epi-cardial electrode with an incorporated cardiac radio-frequency receiver (crr) for temporary heart stimulation from the outside, pre-arranged for permanent stimulation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988005672A1
WO1988005672A1 PCT/IT1988/000005 IT8800005W WO8805672A1 WO 1988005672 A1 WO1988005672 A1 WO 1988005672A1 IT 8800005 W IT8800005 W IT 8800005W WO 8805672 A1 WO8805672 A1 WO 8805672A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stimulation
electrode
radio
permanent
equipment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IT1988/000005
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ferruccio De Bellis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sbm Brevetti Per La Medicina Soc
Original Assignee
Sbm Brevetti Per La Medicina Soc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from IT47581/87A external-priority patent/IT1205728B/en
Priority claimed from IT8748070A external-priority patent/IT1206048B/en
Application filed by Sbm Brevetti Per La Medicina Soc filed Critical Sbm Brevetti Per La Medicina Soc
Priority to DE3887134T priority Critical patent/DE3887134T2/en
Publication of WO1988005672A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988005672A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/37211—Means for communicating with stimulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0587—Epicardial electrode systems; Endocardial electrodes piercing the pericardium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362—Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/3625—External stimulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/903—Radio telemetry

Definitions

  • This invention relates to equipment with an in ⁇ corporated cardiac radioreceiver (CRR) for temporary heart stimulation from the outside in case of open- heart operation, suitable to be left in situ to pro- vide a permanent stimulation if subsequently necessar
  • the equipment is formed by an electrode with an epi- cardial stimulation tip, a cardiac radio-frequency receiver, and a quick jack-type connection emerging from said cardiac radio-frequency receiver and sui- table to rapidly and easily connect a permanent pa ⁇ cemaker .
  • tne electrode is extracted from the out ⁇ side simply by pulling it. By doing so, whenever the patient's need for artificial stimulation becomes evident, it is necessary to perform another opera- tion in order to implant a normal pacemaker.
  • the equipment with epi-cardial electrode is provided, in fact, with an incorporated cardiac radio-frequency receiver for temporary stimulation in case of open-heart opera ⁇ tion, and is provided also with a device for connec ⁇ tion to a permanent pacemaker. After the necessary period of rest, the recei ⁇ ver is left permanently in situ.
  • the device for connecting the elec ⁇ trode to a permanent pacemaker is essentially consti ⁇ tuted of a quick jack-type connection, as described later.
  • the equipment is implanted during the open- heart operation with the quick connection duly insu ⁇ lated, but the stimulating tip of the electrode is permanently fixed to the epimyocardiu .
  • the extremity of the electrode is not connect ⁇ ed to an external pacemaker and does not pass through the thoracic wall since the temporary stimulation is supplied, via the cardiac radio-frequency receiver, by an external radio-frequency transmitter (Perso ⁇ nal pacemaker); since the extraction of the electro ⁇ de is not required, risks of sepsis are avoided; b) In the event of the patient needing artificial stimulation of the heart, subsequent to the presc ⁇ - bed period of rest, it is always possible to supply such stimulation in a timely way from the outside using the Personal pacemaker; c) In the event of persistence of the need of ar ⁇ tificial stimulation (indication of a need for a permanent pacemaker implantation) it is possible to implant a pacemaker with a simple superficial opera ⁇ tion since only the pacemaker pocket has to be pre ⁇ pared; then the pacemaker can be connected to the cardiac radio-frequency receiver (CRR) using a length of electrode equipped with the plug for connecting it to the pin of the jack
  • the advantages for the patient are: Elimination of the electrode through the thoracic wall during the phase of temporary stimulation and reduction of the risks of sepsis.
  • Fig. 1 is -a schematic view of the equipment and of the heart that has to be stimulated
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the equipment of Fig. 1 as implanted in a patient;
  • Fig. 3 is a view, similar to that of Fig. 1, of a second embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 4 is a view, similar to that of Fig. 2, concerning the equipment of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 1 of a third embodiment of the invention.
  • F g. 6 is a view similar to that of Fig. 2 con- cerning the equipment of Fig. 5.
  • the equipment is essen ⁇ tially formed of: an epi-cardial um-polar electro ⁇ de 11, one extremity of which stimulates the heart CC of the patient; a receiver of radic-frequency 12, clamped on um-polar electrode 10 without interrup ⁇ ting its mechanical continuity; a quick jacktype con nection 13 for connecting the other extremity 14 of the uni-polar electrode 10.
  • the equipment is permanently implanted during the operation by stitching stimulation tip 11 of e- lectrode 10 on the epimyocardium of heart CC of the patient; the radio-f equency receiver 12, constitu ⁇ ted by a passive coil with a plate for the return signal closing through the patient's tissue, is lo ⁇ cated in a subcutaneous position (Fig. 2) .
  • the cardiac stimulation that should it be the case would be required during or immediately after the operation is supplied by an external pacemaker (Personal pacemaker) transmitting the stimulation si gnals by radio-frequency to radioreceiver 12.
  • the re turn signal closes from the epi-cardial electrode on to the radioreceiver plate through the patient's tis sue.
  • the equipment is then left in situ after the necessary period of rest has elapsed.
  • a permanent uni-polar pacemaker can easily and rapidly oe implanted oy simply opening the skin at the location of radioreceiver 12 and connecting it to permanent pacemaker 15 using a length of uni- polar electrode 16 connected to the extremity 18 by means of quick connection 13.
  • the return signal closes from the epimyo- cardical electrode onto radio-frequency receiver 12 through the patient's tissue.
  • Radiorecei ⁇ ver 112 is clamped on electrode 110 at a certain di ⁇ stance from its free extremity m order to leave a free length or "tail" of uni-polar electrode 110 to which the permanent pacemaker, as mentioned, can ea- sily be connected.
  • the length of electrode 210 is bipolar and radio-frequency receiver 212 has the advantage of being miniaturized since its dimensions are no longer determined by the size of the signal return plate, which in this case is absent; moreover, the absence of the signal return plate avoids muscu ⁇ lar contractions which are always possible due to accidental tipping of the radio-frequency receiver or to high current density.
  • the length of electrode 219 intended to connect permanent pacemaker 215 can be indifferently uni-po ⁇ lar or bipolar, according to the type of permanent pacemaker utilized uni-polar or bipolar.
  • the connec ⁇ tion between permanent pacemaker 215 and electrode 219 is easily obtained by utilizing a universal a- daptor of a known type, uni-polar or bipolar as ap ⁇ intestinalte (not shown) .
  • the equipment is identical with the equipment of Fig. 1 in its conceptual design, but the same utilizes a length of bipolar electrode 210, a bipolar epi-cardial electrode with two stimulation tips 211 screwed on the epimyocardium and positio ⁇ ned by means of a base 220 of a bio-compatible ma ⁇ terial stitched to the heart CC , and a radio-frequency receiver 212, clamped on the conductors of bipolar electrode 210. Owing to the absence of the signal return plate this equipment is quite small.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Equipment with an incorporated cardiac radio-frequency receiver (CRR) (12) for temporary heart stimulation from the outside in case of open-heart operation, suitable to be left in-situ to provide permanent stimulation if subsequently necessary. The equipment is formed of an electrode (10) with epi-cardial stimulation tip (11), and a quick jack-type connection (13, 14) emerging from said cardiac radio-frequency receiver (12) and suitable to rapidly and easily connect a permanent pacemaker (15).

Description

EPI-CARDIAL ELECTRODE WITH AN INCORPORATED CARDIAC
RADIO-FREQUENCY RECEIVER (CRR) FOR TEMPORARY HEART
STIMULATION FROM THE OUTSIDE, PRE-ARRANGED FOR
PERMANENT STIMULATION
This invention relates to equipment with an in¬ corporated cardiac radioreceiver (CRR) for temporary heart stimulation from the outside in case of open- heart operation, suitable to be left in situ to pro- vide a permanent stimulation if subsequently necessar The equipment is formed by an electrode with an epi- cardial stimulation tip, a cardiac radio-frequency receiver, and a quick jack-type connection emerging from said cardiac radio-frequency receiver and sui- table to rapidly and easily connect a permanent pa¬ cemaker .
As known, during open-heart surgical operations, the possibility of temporary artificial stimulation of the heart is always maintained; this is achieved by utilizing an electrode, the stimulation tip of which is temporarily fixed with a simple technique to the epimyocardium in a position corresponding to the left ventricle.
When the patient's thorax is closed, the free extremity of the electrode comes out through the thoracic wall and is connected to an external pace¬ maker .
After the prescribed period of rest and when artificial stimulation of the heart is no longer necessary, tne electrode is extracted from the out¬ side simply by pulling it. By doing so, whenever the patient's need for artificial stimulation becomes evident, it is necessary to perform another opera- tion in order to implant a normal pacemaker.
The equipment described overcomes said drawback and offers more advantages.
According to the invention, the equipment with epi-cardial electrode is provided, in fact, with an incorporated cardiac radio-frequency receiver for temporary stimulation in case of open-heart opera¬ tion, and is provided also with a device for connec¬ tion to a permanent pacemaker. After the necessary period of rest, the recei¬ ver is left permanently in situ.
Preferably, the device for connecting the elec¬ trode to a permanent pacemaker is essentially consti¬ tuted of a quick jack-type connection, as described later. The equipment is implanted during the open- heart operation with the quick connection duly insu¬ lated, but the stimulating tip of the electrode is permanently fixed to the epimyocardiu .
In this way the following objectives are at- tained: a) The extremity of the electrode is not connect¬ ed to an external pacemaker and does not pass through the thoracic wall since the temporary stimulation is supplied, via the cardiac radio-frequency receiver, by an external radio-frequency transmitter (Perso¬ nal pacemaker); since the extraction of the electro¬ de is not required, risks of sepsis are avoided; b) In the event of the patient needing artificial stimulation of the heart, subsequent to the prescπ- bed period of rest, it is always possible to supply such stimulation in a timely way from the outside using the Personal pacemaker; c) In the event of persistence of the need of ar¬ tificial stimulation (indication of a need for a permanent pacemaker implantation) it is possible to implant a pacemaker with a simple superficial opera¬ tion since only the pacemaker pocket has to be pre¬ pared; then the pacemaker can be connected to the cardiac radio-frequency receiver (CRR) using a length of electrode equipped with the plug for connecting it to the pin of the jack.
The advantages for the patient are: Elimination of the electrode through the thoracic wall during the phase of temporary stimulation and reduction of the risks of sepsis.
Elimination of the always bothersome intervention of extracting the temporary electrode.
Possibility to maintain a temporary stimulation from the outside, for urgent needs. - Possibility to maintain a temporary stimulation from the outside in case of urgent indication of need for the permanent stimulation.
Great simplicity of the operation for the implan¬ tation of a permanent pacemaker when indicated. - Possibility to maintain the stimulation during the above-mentioned operation.
Possibility of periodic ln-hospitai checks of the pathological conditions of the patient (by means of the Personal pacemaker in the "laboratory" ver- sion) . Possibility of therapeutical interventions in the event the patient undergoes arrhythmic events; this therapy requires the use of the Personal pace¬ maker in the "antiarrhyth ic" version that is capa- ble to carry out the following antiarrhyth ic pro¬ grams: overdrive; underdrive; coupled stimulation; burst stimulation.
- Great phychological support to the patient and his family since the Personal pacemaker can be easi- ly operated by non-specialized persons who have been given the necessary instructions.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the attached figures where: Fig. 1 is -a schematic view of the equipment and of the heart that has to be stimulated;
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the equipment of Fig. 1 as implanted in a patient;
Fig. 3 is a view, similar to that of Fig. 1, of a second embodiment of the invention; Fig. 4 is a view, similar to that of Fig. 2, concerning the equipment of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 1 of a third embodiment of the invention;
F g. 6 is a view similar to that of Fig. 2 con- cerning the equipment of Fig. 5.
From the view of Fig. 1, the equipment is essen¬ tially formed of: an epi-cardial um-polar electro¬ de 11, one extremity of which stimulates the heart CC of the patient; a receiver of radic-frequency 12, clamped on um-polar electrode 10 without interrup¬ ting its mechanical continuity; a quick jacktype con nection 13 for connecting the other extremity 14 of the uni-polar electrode 10.
The equipment is permanently implanted during the operation by stitching stimulation tip 11 of e- lectrode 10 on the epimyocardium of heart CC of the patient; the radio-f equency receiver 12, constitu¬ ted by a passive coil with a plate for the return signal closing through the patient's tissue, is lo¬ cated in a subcutaneous position (Fig. 2) .
The cardiac stimulation that should it be the case would be required during or immediately after the operation is supplied by an external pacemaker (Personal pacemaker) transmitting the stimulation si gnals by radio-frequency to radioreceiver 12. The re turn signal closes from the epi-cardial electrode on to the radioreceiver plate through the patient's tis sue.
The equipment is then left in situ after the necessary period of rest has elapsed.
In case artificial stimulation of the patient's heart CC subsequently becomes necessary, immediate and temporary use of a Personal pacemaker can be made, or, in the event permanent stimulation is in¬ dicated, a permanent uni-polar pacemaker can easily and rapidly oe implanted oy simply opening the skin at the location of radioreceiver 12 and connecting it to permanent pacemaker 15 using a length of uni- polar electrode 16 connected to the extremity 18 by means of quick connection 13.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, it is possible to utilize, instead of the quick jack- type connection 13 emerging from radio-frequency re¬ ceiver 12 as in Fig. 1, a well-insulated free length of uni-polar electrode of suitable length indicated as 119 in Fig. 3, emerging from radio-receiver 112, that can easily be connected to permanent uni-polar pacemaker 115 by a universal adaptor of a known type (not shown); the permanent pacemaker is implanted in a sub¬ cutaneous pocket previously prepared as normally done m permanent pacemaker implantations, as show in Fig. 3 and 4. The return signal closes from the epimyo- cardical electrode onto radio-frequency receiver 12 through the patient's tissue. It may be noted that the equipment in this second version is identical to that of Fig. 1 as regards the uni-polar electrode, here referred to by 110, stimulating tip 111 thereof and the radioreceiver referred to by 112. Radiorecei¬ ver 112 is clamped on electrode 110 at a certain di¬ stance from its free extremity m order to leave a free length or "tail" of uni-polar electrode 110 to which the permanent pacemaker, as mentioned, can ea- sily be connected.
From Fig. 5, it is possible to observe an alter¬ native of the invention wherein use is made of an epi-cardial bipolar embodiment electrode 211 formed by two stimulation tips screwed on the eoimyocardium and positioned by means of a base 220 made of the ma¬ terial known under the Trade Mark Tygon or other bio- compatible material stitched to the epimyocardium.
In this version the length of electrode 210 is bipolar and radio-frequency receiver 212 has the advantage of being miniaturized since its dimensions are no longer determined by the size of the signal return plate, which in this case is absent; moreover, the absence of the signal return plate avoids muscu¬ lar contractions which are always possible due to accidental tipping of the radio-frequency receiver or to high current density.
The length of electrode 219 intended to connect permanent pacemaker 215 can be indifferently uni-po¬ lar or bipolar, according to the type of permanent pacemaker utilized uni-polar or bipolar. The connec¬ tion between permanent pacemaker 215 and electrode 219 is easily obtained by utilizing a universal a- daptor of a known type, uni-polar or bipolar as ap¬ propriate (not shown) .
The advantages obtained with this third embodiment of the invention are:
Avoiding contractions of muscles always possible in patients .
Complete miniaturization of the radio-frequency receiv r.
It can be noted that in this third embodiment of the invention the equipment is identical with the equipment of Fig. 1 in its conceptual design, but the same utilizes a length of bipolar electrode 210, a bipolar epi-cardial electrode with two stimulation tips 211 screwed on the epimyocardium and positio¬ ned by means of a base 220 of a bio-compatible ma¬ terial stitched to the heart CC , and a radio-frequency receiver 212, clamped on the conductors of bipolar electrode 210. Owing to the absence of the signal return plate this equipment is quite small.

Claims

C LA IM :
1. An equipment for temporary heart stimulation from the outside in case of open-heart surgery, by means of an external pacemaker transmitting radio- frequency signals, pre-arranged in such a way as to be left in situ to provide permanent stimulation if subsequently needed, characterized in that it compri¬ ses: an electrode with epi-cardial stimulation tip, a cardiac radio-f equency receiver clamped on said electrode and capable of receiving radio-frequency stimulation signals, a connecting device for the ea¬ sy and rapid connection of said electrode to a per¬ manent pacemaker, the parts being so arranged that said equipment allows, at any time after the opera¬ tion, the supply of either an emergency radio-fre¬ quency stimulation or a permanent stimulation with¬ out the need for a new heart operation.
2. The equipment of claim 1, wherein said devi¬ ce for connecting the electrode to the permanent pa¬ cemaker comprises a quich jack-type connection direc¬ tly emerging from said radio-frequency receiver.
3. The equipment of claim 1, wherein said devi¬ ce for connecting the electrode to the permanent pa¬ cemakers comprises a free length or "tail" of said electrode, accurately insulated, emerging from said radio-frequency receiver.
4. The equipment of claim 3, wherein the length of electrode between heart and radio-frequency recei¬ ver is bipolar as well as the two stimulation tips screwed on the epimyocardium and positioned by means of a base of a bio-compatible material; and wherein the device for connecting said radio-frequency recei¬ ver to a permanent pacemaker comprises a free length or "tail" of said electrode, appropriately insulated, emerging from said radio-frequency receiver.
PCT/IT1988/000005 1987-01-29 1988-01-21 Epi-cardial electrode with an incorporated cardiac radio-frequency receiver (crr) for temporary heart stimulation from the outside, pre-arranged for permanent stimulation Ceased WO1988005672A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3887134T DE3887134T2 (en) 1987-01-29 1988-01-21 EPICARDIC ELECTRODES FOR THE INTERIM PERIODIC IRRITATION OF THE OUTSIDE WITH A RADIO FREQUENCY HEART RECEIVER AND PREPARED FOR CONTINUOUS IRRITATION.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT47581/87A IT1205728B (en) 1987-01-29 1987-01-29 Epi-cardial electrode with RF receiver
IT47581A/87 1987-01-29
IT8748070A IT1206048B (en) 1987-06-17 1987-06-17 Epi-cardial electrode with RF receiver
IT48070A/87 1987-06-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988005672A1 true WO1988005672A1 (en) 1988-08-11

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PCT/IT1988/000005 Ceased WO1988005672A1 (en) 1987-01-29 1988-01-21 Epi-cardial electrode with an incorporated cardiac radio-frequency receiver (crr) for temporary heart stimulation from the outside, pre-arranged for permanent stimulation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5095903A (en)
EP (1) EP0348401B1 (en)
AU (1) AU1159088A (en)
DE (1) DE3887134T2 (en)
WO (1) WO1988005672A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1159088A (en) 1988-08-24
US5095903A (en) 1992-03-17
DE3887134D1 (en) 1994-02-24
EP0348401A1 (en) 1990-01-03
DE3887134T2 (en) 1997-07-10
EP0348401B1 (en) 1994-01-12

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