WO1989010510A2 - Pulsed hydraulic valve - Google Patents
Pulsed hydraulic valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1989010510A2 WO1989010510A2 PCT/EP1989/000458 EP8900458W WO8910510A2 WO 1989010510 A2 WO1989010510 A2 WO 1989010510A2 EP 8900458 W EP8900458 W EP 8900458W WO 8910510 A2 WO8910510 A2 WO 8910510A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- armature
- valve
- bearing
- pulse
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0603—Multiple-way valves
- F16K31/0606—Multiple-way valves fluid passing through the solenoid coil
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
- F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
- F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
- F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
- F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
- F16H61/0251—Elements specially adapted for electric control units, e.g. valves for converting electrical signals to fluid signals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0603—Multiple-way valves
- F16K31/061—Sliding valves
- F16K31/0613—Sliding valves with cylindrical slides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0603—Multiple-way valves
- F16K31/0624—Lift valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0603—Multiple-way valves
- F16K31/0624—Lift valves
- F16K31/0627—Lift valves with movable valve member positioned between seats
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
- Y10T137/86574—Supply and exhaust
- Y10T137/86622—Motor-operated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
- Y10T137/86574—Supply and exhaust
- Y10T137/8667—Reciprocating valve
- Y10T137/86686—Plural disk or plug
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fast-switching, electromagnetically actuated valve in miniature construction, which is preferably suitable for use in automotive engineering.
- the valve is controlled by known electronic circuits with frequencies of up to several 100 Hz with variable pulse lengths.
- the controllable pressure range goes up to approx. 200 bar.
- the flow cross section is 0.5-10 mm.
- the main area of application is electronically controlled pressure control in automatic transmissions. Other possible applications are in other cases in which special requirements are placed on the speed of sound, repeatability and service life. These include, for example, the pilot control of diesel injection nozzles, power steering, automatic anti-lock devices or electronic chassis tuning.
- the electronically controllable valves required to control the pressure curve can be divided into two main categories: on the one hand, analog-controlled pressure control valves, and on the other hand pulse-modulated valves.
- Analog controlled valves are set by changing the electrical current.
- the control circuit is relatively complex.
- the magnetic circuit of the analog controlled valves can only exert small adjustment forces. As a result, even a slight change in the actuating force requirement leads to considerable deviations from the target curve of the valve.
- These valves are therefore sensitive to the slightest change in tolerances. They are sensitive to changes in oil flow, viscosity and contamination of the hydraulic oil. Furthermore, such valves have a significant hysteresis.
- the production, the calibration and the necessary quality control are complex and expensive. Despite the disadvantages described, only the analog valves are currently able to meet the requirements of the automotive industry. Therefore, so far only the ⁇ maloge type has found its way into series production.
- pulse-modulated valves effect the desired control of the pressure curve by changing the duty cycle.
- the hydraulic consumer is alternately connected to the pressure oil source and the almost pressure-free oil return with a three-way valve. This process usually takes place at a constant frequency, but with a variable on-time of the electrical current.
- the pressure pulses generated in this way set the desired medium pressure at the consumer when the frequency of the process is sufficiently high.
- the digital mode of operation offers considerable advantages in terms of energy and control technology compared to the conventional analog mode of operation.
- Pulse-modulated valves for pressure control in automatic transmissions are operated at a frequency of 30-100 Hz. This frequency has proven to be necessary in order to achieve sufficiently fast transition behavior during actuating processes and sufficient decoupling between the valve and the hydraulic consumer.
- pulse-modulated pressure control two different types are used: firstly, the direct actuation of the adjusting cylinders by means of pulse-modulated valves, secondly, the pilot control of the pressure level in the entire hydraulic circuit and the actuation of the cylinders by simple three-way valves. With direct actuation, the valve is only pulsed during the adjustment process.
- the required service life in the directly controlled mode of operation is approximately 10 cycles, the required flow cross-section is approximately 5 to 10 mm.
- the pulse-modulated valve In the pilot-operated design, the pulse-modulated valve is in operation continuously during the entire driving operation. Because of the enormous number of actuation cycles, the automotive industry requires a service life of at least 10 cycles. Because of the pilot operated mode of operation, however, only a flow cross-section of approx. 1-2 mm is required.
- the above application profile can only be met in some areas by the usual valves being tested.
- the usual valves are usually variants of the known ball seat valves or slide valves.
- the design of the ball seat valve is outlined in Fig. 10, that of the slide valve in Fig. 11.
- the analysis of these types shows that the ball seat valve either requires very high magnetic forces due to the non-pressure-balanced surfaces, or else requires relatively large armature strokes with a small ball diameter.
- the slide valve type has the advantage of completely balanced pressure areas, but also requires a relatively large armature stroke of at least 0.4 mm due to the necessary overlap of the control edges.
- the relatively large armature stroke results in poor electromagnetic efficiency and a relatively large kinetic energy of the moving parts in the area of the dimensions required for pulse-modulated valves.
- the aim of the invention is a very fast hydraulic three-way valve in miniature design with a short stroke and characteristic curve adjustment according to the above requirements.
- the valve can be used in the area of flow cross-sections of 0.5-10 mm 2 .
- FIG. 12 shows the valve mechanism of a valve according to the invention.
- the valve mechanism of this valve consists of a central armature guide body 6, on which the armature 8 is mounted so as to be axially displaceable with a small radial play of approximately 0.01-0.04 mm.
- the valve closing body is formed by the armature 8.
- the two end faces of the armature work together with the two valve seats 9 and 10.
- the upper valve seat 9 is formed by the magnetic pole 7.
- the lower valve seat 10 is formed by a collar of the armature guide body 6.
- the pressure oil is supplied through a central bore to the lower valve seat 10, the oil is discharged through the upper valve seat 9 directly into the unpressurized immediate vicinity of the valve (for example into the gearbox housing).
- the controlled connection is formed by an oil collection space, not shown, which completely encloses the armature.
- the flow directions of the hydraulic fluid are indicated by directional arrows.
- the armature 8 is pressed onto the valve seat 10 in the rest position by a return spring (not shown). Under the action of a magnetic field, the armature is pulled against the force of the return spring, not shown, against the magnetic pole 7 which is firmly connected to the armature guide body 6.
- the anchor is provided on both ends with short sockets, the height of which is approximately 0.1 mm and the width of which is approximately 03 mm.
- the nozzle reduces the area of the seat gaps and reduces the flow velocity in the remaining area of the end faces of the armature.
- the diameter of the armature is of the order of approx. 10 mm, the armature stroke is approx. 0.1-0.2 mm. Developments according to the invention of this basic design are shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, which will be discussed in detail later.
- the basic design according to Figure 12 and the other designs according to the invention is referred to as a sliding seat valve.
- a common characteristic of these types of construction is the fact that there are two valve seats, the sealing of two spaces of different pressure being formed by a radial guidance of the valve closing body.
- valve opening cross sections between 0.5 - 10 mm compared to the designs according to Fig. 10 or Fig. 11:
- the valve seats can be designed with a relatively large diameter, which results in an armature stroke that is considerably reduced compared to ball seat valves with the same flow cross section.
- a smaller stroke in the area of the above-mentioned opening cross sections is achieved with the same flow cross section, since in the sliding seat valves according to the invention there is no overlap of the control edges in the axial direction.
- the sliding seat valve according to the invention according to FIG. 12 is particularly easy to manufacture. Only the radial play and the stroke of the armature appear as function-critical tolerances, which are easy to master in terms of production technology. Adequate sealing of the pressure chambers is ensured by the long anchor guide. With the valve according to the invention, all necessary tolerances can be met by fine turning on modern lathes without expensive additional reworking by precision grinding being necessary.
- the main disadvantage of the valve according to FIG. 12 is that unbalanced pressure forces in the area of the valve seats or in the area of the end faces of the armature.
- the valve is sensitive to pressure pulsations which are always present in the pulse-modulated mode of operation.
- the unbalanced pressure forces result from different flow velocities of the hydraulic oil in the area of the end faces.
- the valve is therefore largely completely pressure-balanced only in the case of completely symmetrical gaps and the theoretical ideal case of a pulsation-free consumer pressure which is half the supply pressure.
- the unbalanced pressure forces can only be reduced by reducing the gap width or by increasing the height of the connecting pieces on the end faces.
- the upper seat gap 9 likewise forms the working air gap which generates magnetic force, there are narrow limits to the changes in the gap geometry in this area. If the nozzle height is increased too large or the armature thickness is reduced, it is no longer possible to generate the required magnetic force. In practice, therefore, the thickness of the anchor cannot be reduced to less than approx. 1 mm. Because of the unbalanced pressure forces, this design is only useful up to a maximum pressure of approx. 10 bar.
- FIG. 12 The previously described disadvantages of the design according to FIG. 12 are almost completely eliminated by a further sliding seat valve according to the invention.
- This valve is also suitable for high pressures up to approx. 200 bar.
- the valve is sketched in Fig. 13.
- the solenoid coil and the valve housing, which are always required, have also been omitted here.
- the main characteristic of the valve according to FIG. 13 is a collar 16 located at the lower end of the armature 13, which cooperates with the valve seats 14 and 15.
- the armature 13 is axially movably supported on the armature guide body 11 with little radial play.
- the magnetic pole 12 is firmly connected to the armature guide body 11.
- the direction of flow of the hydraulic fluid is indicated by arrows.
- the valve is held in the rest position by the pressure of the hydraulic fluid.
- the length of the armature 13 is chosen so that when the armature is tightened, a residual air gap of approximately 0.1 mm remains between the pole 12 and the end face of the armature.
- the functionality of the valve is considerably improved by the residual air gap.
- the residual air gap causes the magnetic field to break down quickly after the excitation current has been switched off, thereby reducing the armature's reset time.
- a largely unimpeded inflow and outflow of the hydraulic oil into the area of the air gap which is made possible by the residual air gap.
- the residual air gap is flushed through a small leak oil flow, which escapes from the area of the armature bearing between armature 13 and armature guide body 11.
- the leakage oil flow ensures that the air gap is always completely surrounded by hydraulic oil and that there are therefore always defined conditions in this area. This improves the temporal stability of the actuating movements.
- the Druck ⁇ l is passed through a central bore in the armature guide body 11 to the upper valve seat 14.
- the outer diameter of the upper valve seat 14 is selected to be a few 1/10 mm smaller than the diameter of the armature bearing. This creates a non-pressure-balanced surface that generates a restoring force when the armature is tightened.
- the oil collecting chamber of the valve is located within the armature collar 16. From here, the oil is conducted through an annular channel concentrically to the armature guide body 11 and then to the hydraulic consumer. When the armature is tightened, the hydraulic oil is guided through the valve seat 15 into an unpressurized external space in the region of the valve housing, not shown.
- the inside diameter of the valve seat 15 is approximately 0.2-0.5 mm smaller than that of the armature bearing. Due to the different diameters, a further non-pressure-balanced surface is created, which generates the necessary force to keep the armature in the rest position.
- the width of the annular contact surface (overlap dimension) in the area of the valve seats should generally be 0.2-0.3 mm. With this coverage measure, the necessary limitation of the wear-generating peak forces in the area of the seat gaps to permissible values is achieved. A further limitation of the peak forces and short-term dry running ability is achieved by a slight flexibility of the anchor collar. However, excessive flexibility in this area leads to increased anchor bouncing. A favorable compromise is achieved with a collar thickness of approximately 1 mm.
- the choice of the non-pressure-balanced surface in the area of the upper valve seat 14 should be such that the restoring force generated in this way is approximately 40-50% below the force of the electromagnet in the tightened state.
- the non-pressure-balanced surface in the area of the lower valve seat 15 should be selected such that the closing force of the valve thereby generated is only approx. 20% of the maximum force of the electromagnet in the rest position.
- Such dimensioning desirably achieves a hydraulic characteristic curve adjustment, which leads to very short movement times of the armature.
- FIG. 1 Developments according to the invention of the above-described basic design according to FIG. 13 are shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, which will be discussed in detail below.
- Armature and valve closing body form a firmly connected structural unit, which is preferably made from one piece, and whose total mass is only a few g.
- the valve stroke is significantly less than 0.5 mm, preferably 0.05-0.2 mm.
- the valve closing body is axially displaceable with a small radial clearance of less than 0.05 mm, this bearing simultaneously serving to guide the armature and to separate two spaces of different pressure.
- the valve closing body works with two mutually closing valve seats.
- the stop of the armature is formed in both directions of movement exclusively by the valve closing body.
- the anchor flow is flushed through by the main oil flow before reaching the respective end position.
- the valve seats have approximately the same radius as the armature bearing, the mean radius of the valve seats not differing by more than a maximum of + -1 mm from that of the armature bearing, this deviation of the radii of the valve seats preferably not exceeding 0.4 mm.
- the mean radii of the valve seats and the armature bearing deviate from each other in such a way that there are unbalanced pressure areas, the size of these pressure areas being chosen so that the sum of the force of a return spring which may be present and that resulting from the unbalanced pressure areas Compressive force at the beginning of the armature suit is more than 50% below the maximum force of the electromagnet and after the armature suit is less than 50% below the force of the electromagnet.
- FIG. 1 shows two different hydraulic circuit types, which are compared in one picture.
- the right side of Fig.l shows a circuit type in which the consumer is connected to the pressure oil supply in the rest position of the valve.
- This is an electromagnetic three-way valve, in which the armature is reset only by the hydraulic supply pressure.
- the left side of Fig.l shows a type of circuit in which the consumer is connected to the depressurized oil return in the rest position of the valve. The direction of flow is marked by arrows.
- the valve has extremely small dimensions.
- the outer diameter of the valve shown in Fig.l is only about 20 mm.
- the drawing scale is 5: 1.
- the electrical solenoid of the valve is actuated by the solenoid 113.
- the magnetic circuit consists of the magnetic pole 112, the armature 116, the magnet housing 114 and the lateral flange of the housing 111. These components are made of soft magnetic material, which enables good conduction of the magnetic field lines.
- armature 116 is tightened, a residual air gap 118 of preferably approximately 0.1 mm remains between armature 116 and pole 112.
- the pole 112 is held immovably by the part of the housing neck pressed into the pole groove 128.
- the housing neck 124 is converted into austenitic non-magnetic material in the region of the air gap 118 by known heat treatment in order to avoid a magnetic short circuit of the air gap.
- the armature 116 forms a common part with the valve closing body 125, which is made in one piece. This moving part has an extremely low mass, which is usually about 2-5 g.
- the path of the armature is limited by valve seats 123 and 119.
- the upper valve seat 119 is located in the housing 111.
- the lower valve seat is located on the sealing plug 115, which is fastened in the housing 111 by flanging.
- the valve closing body 125 which is designed as a collar at the lower end of the armature, is located between these valve seats.
- the valve closing body 125 is stepped with the radii Rg and R ⁇ .
- the armature is axially movably supported in the housing bore with a small radial play of preferably 0.01-0.04 mm.
- the armature is undercut over almost the entire length, so that the contact between the armature and the housing bore occurs only in the area of the short bearing points 117 and 126.
- the undercut significantly reduces viscous frictional forces. This enables an anchor movement even at very low oil temperatures.
- the depth of the undercut must be at least approx. 0.5 m for valves for automatic transmissions that are to remain operational down to -40 ° C. In the case of relatively low-viscosity media, such as diesel fuel, however, this undercut can often be dispensed with.
- the diameter of the bearing is usually between 6 and 12 mm.
- the length of the bearings 117 and 126 in the axial direction was determined to be 1 mm each.
- the oil flows through the valve are indicated by arrows.
- the oil supply from the pressure oil source takes place through the lateral bore 120. From there, the pressure oil passes through the upper valve seat 119 to the controlled pressure chamber 125, which is connected to the hydraulic consumer via the bore 122.
- the controlled pressure chamber is connected to the almost pressure-free interior of the valve via the lower valve seat 123 when the armature is attracted. From the interior of the valve, the oil passes through the central bore of the armature and a further lateral bore in the armature through the housing bore 121 and is blown off directly into the gear housing from there.
- the spaces of different pressures are separated by the lower anchor bearing 126, which is provided with a circumferential relief groove to reduce frictional forces.
- a relief groove significantly reduces radial disturbing forces in a known manner.
- Such radial interference forces arise from uneven pressure distribution in the bearing gaps.
- the relief groove therefore serves for local pressure equalization in the area of the bearing gap.
- Such a relief groove is not necessary in the area of the upper bearing point 117, since approximately the same pressure prevails on both sides of the bearing point, and therefore no significant differential pressures can occur. It goes without saying that instead of just one relief groove, several can be arranged one behind the other, whereby a further slight reduction in the radial interference forces can be achieved.
- the seat gap is opened by the external forces acting on the valve closing body.
- This first phase is called the opening phase by the applicant designated.
- a vacuum is almost always formed in the seat gap, since the gap opening takes place faster than the inflow of pressure oil into the seat gap.
- This vacuum usually occurs in the area of an initial stroke of the valve closing body of 0.1 to 10 micrometers and is essentially only dependent on the gap width and the viscosity of the oil. Due to the vacuum formation, stable positioning times can be achieved despite the not exactly defined initial force during the very first start of the opening process.
- a prerequisite for stable transition processes are defined conditions in the immediate vicinity of the valve seats and anchor stops, which is achieved according to the invention in that the anchor stops are formed by the valve seats, which are constantly flushed by the main oil flow.
- the seat gap is completely flowed through.
- this second phase essentially only dynamic flow forces are effective, whereby it can be assumed approximately that at the boundary surfaces of the gap there is approximately the same pressure as in the adjacent room with the lower pressure.
- the opening force is approximately constant.
- the main opening phase in the valves according to the invention generally extends over a stroke range of approximately 80% of the maximum stroke.
- the third phase marks the start of the closing process.
- This initial closing phase extends up to approx. 95% of the maximum stroke.
- the conditions are roughly analogous to those in the main opening phase. Thus, even in the main opening phase, it can be assumed that there is approximately the same pressure at the boundary surfaces of the gap as in the adjacent room with the lower pressure.
- the oil is forced out of the gap through the closing gap.
- the applicant calls this phase the crowding-out phase.
- the displacement phase there is initially a pressure distribution with a pressure maximum approximately in the middle of the gap. In the case of the valves proposed here with gap widths of approx. 0.2-0.3 mm, this maximum pressure is approx. 500 - 2000 bar. There is no mechanical contact between the seat and the closing body in the displacement phase.
- this fifth phase after a few ms there is mechanical contact between the seat surface and the valve closing body, in which case there is an approximately linear pressure drop in the area of the seat gap between the pressure spaces separated by the seat gap.
- the applicant calls this fifth phase the setting phase.
- the period of this setting phase depends essentially only on the viscosity of the oil, the external shooting forces and the width of the seat.
- the relative size of the undefined area of the gap opening force depends only on a few main parameters that can be influenced technically. With the exception of the determining supply pressure and the viscosity, these main parameters that can be influenced are excluded by the width of the seat, which should therefore be chosen to be as small as possible.
- the minimum permissible seat width is given by pressure peaks occurring in the seat gap during firing.
- the computer simulation has shown that the seat width for the valves proposed here should always be between 0.2 and 0.3 mm for unhardened seats.
- the pressure peaks which then occur when the valve is fired are always below a few 1000 bar in the stroke range of the valves proposed here. Such pressures can be borne without wear even by non-hardened material under permanent load.
- the seat width can be reduced to approx. 0.1 mm with hardened material.
- the maximum pressures in the area of the seats can then rise to 10,000 bar. Due to the lower seating wide interference forces in the seating area are reduced. Therefore, due to the smaller seat width, more stable steering behavior can be achieved.
- the hardenability improves the machinability.
- hardening is always associated with additional costs. Surface hardening by nitriding in a salt bath is preferred as the hardening process.
- the characteristic adjustment according to the invention and the hydraulic armature reset take place through different pressure areas in the area of the valve seats. These different pressure areas are achieved in a particularly simple manner in terms of production technology by different radii of the armature bearing, lower and upper valve seats, and the lower and upper part of the valve body. The course of the hydraulic firing force is explained below using a working cycle, starting with the armature being tightened.
- the valve body 125 is pressed in the rest position of the valve by the supply pressure on the lower valve seat 123.
- the width of the lower seat is chosen to be about 0.2-0.3 mm. It results from the difference between the outer radius R, the lower part of the valve body 125 and the inner radius R 5 of the lower valve seat 123.
- the inner radius R. of the lower part of the valve seat 123 is of the same radius as the storage radius R 1 executed.
- the average radius of the lower seat surface is thus the sum of the bearing radius R. and half the seat width of preferably 0.2-0.3 mm. Due to the slightly increased mean radius of the lower seat surface compared to the bearing radius R ⁇ , a non-compensated pressure surface is created, which generates a positive hydraulic firing force.
- the maximum possible opening force during the beginning of the anchor suit results from the product of the supply pressure and seat area.
- This opening force must be surmountable when the armature is tightened by the electromagnet to ensure that the armature will always pull through, even under the most unfavorable operating conditions.
- the hydraulic restoring force is generated via the non-compensated differential area, which results from the difference between the bearing radius R. and the inner radius R of the upper valve seat 119.
- the inner radius R was chosen to be approximately 0.2 mm larger than the radius of the lower sealing edge R 4 .
- An additional increase in the hydraulic restoring force results from the pressure build-up within the upper seat gap.
- the maximum initial force during the beginning of the armature movement results from the sum of the compressive forces acting on free surfaces and the force of the return spring which may be present. Vacuum formation in the area of the closed valve seat is assumed. The minimally achievable restoring force is obtained in an analog manner from the sum of the compressive forces acting on free surfaces when the armature is tightened and the force of the restoring spring which may be present. Vacuum formation in the area of the closed valve seat is again assumed here.
- Fig.l shows a valve in which the consumer is connected to the unpressurized oil return in the rest position.
- a return spring is always required in the valves according to the invention in order to keep the valve seat connected to the pressure oil queue closed.
- the Return spring can be dispensed with. The armature back control can then take place through non-pressure-balanced free areas, as has already been explained with reference to the right-hand side of FIG. 1.
- valve body 151 In the valve shown on the left-hand side of FIG. 1, the valve body 151 is pressed in the rest position by the return spring 162 onto the lower valve seat 152.
- the valve shooting body 151 and the armature 150 form a single part.
- the oil supply from the pressure oil queue takes place through a central hole 157 in the lower sealing plug 154 into the interior of the valve. From here, the oil reaches the controlled pressure chamber 167 via the lower valve seat 169 when the armature is attracted. From here, the oil reaches the hydraulic consumer through the side bore 155. In the rest position of the valve, the oil passes from the consumer back through bore 155 into the controlled pressure chamber 167. From here, the oil passes through the upper valve seat 152 into the virtually unpressurized oil collection chamber 168.
- the oil collecting chamber 168 is formed by screwing in about 0.5 depth both in the armature and in the housing 153. By screwing in the anchor there is a slight reduction in the anchor mass.
- the screwing in the housing 153 has the advantage that the machining burrs remaining on the bore 156 are set back relative to the armature bearing, and thus cannot damage the running surfaces of the bearing during assembly.
- the valve seats 152 and 169 are arranged obliquely, the seat angle preferably being approximately 45 °.
- the advantage of the oblique seat arrangement compared to a right-angled seat arrangement is that additional shot body centering takes place and in reduced pressure forces in the seat gap. These reduced pressure forces are due to the fact that the projection area of the seat decreases in the axial direction for a given seat width due to the inclined arrangement. Due to the inclined arrangement of the seat, the pressure load in the seat area can thus be reduced in comparison to a right-angled arrangement with the same projection surface. Due to the oblique arrangement, the projection area can be reduced in the axial direction for a given permissible pressure load. This reduces the actuation force required, for which essentially only the projection surface is decisive.
- the oblique seat arrangement results in a better sealability of the seat.
- the night of the oblique seat arrangement consists in the considerably complicated production and a smaller flow cross-section compared to a right-angled seat arrangement.
- the smaller flow cross-section necessitates an undesired increase in the anchor stroke.
- the inclined seat arrangement should be used because of this night-time only for particularly high demands on the tightness of the valve or for reducing the actuating force at very high control pressures.
- the previously stated cheapest seat width of 0.2-0.3 mm also applies to the sloping seat gap.
- the seat width is always understood to mean the width of the gap paraüel to the direction of the gap flow.
- the inner radius of the upper valve seat 152 is designed with the same radius as the armature bearing.
- the outer radius of the upper valve seat 152 is preferably approximately 0.15-0.2 mm larger than the radius of the armature bearing in the case of an inclined seat arrangement. With this dimension, the seat width is approx. 0.2-0.3 mm.
- the projection surface of the upper seat 152 results in a non-balanced pressure surface which, when the anchor is tightened, generates a force in the shooting direction of the seat 152. This force is opposed to the spring force and results from the product of the supply pressure and the projection area.
- the force of the return spring 162 could still be above the maximum magnetic force due to the opposing hydraulic forces, but should, for reasons of functional reliability, be at least about 20% below the maximum magnetic force. Otherwise, the passage of the armature would no longer be safe with a low supply pressure.
- the inner diameter of the lower valve seat 169 is several 1/10 mm larger than the diameter of the armature bearing. This results in a free pressure surface, the resulting force of which is also opposed to the spring force. The pressure force resulting from this area results from the product of area and supply pressure. The resulting compressive force should be approximately 50% of the return spring force.
- the width of the lower valve seat 169 should also be approximately 0.2-0.3 mm. Due to the in the area of the lower free pressure area and the pressure build-up in the valve seat, the opening force at the beginning of the armature suit can be designed for a small part of the maximum magnetic force. The desired characteristic curve adaptation is achieved in this way.
- the pressure chambers are separated by bearing brackets 158 and 159 of armature 150.
- the bearing points are provided with relief grooves.
- the leakage oil flow through the bearing points must pass through the upper area of the valve, whereby a rapid ventilation of the interior of the valve is achieved.
- the magnetic pole 161 is connected to the valve housing 153 by the non-magnetizable pole carrier 160.
- the connection can be made by known methods such as brazing, laser welding, pressing.
- the upper outer region of the armature is connected to the interior of the valve by a further bore 163. This significantly reduces the pressure build-up in the area of the working air gap. With low-viscosity media, however, this hole can also be omitted.
- the remaining air gap between the pole and the anchor when the armature is tightened should be approx. 0.1 mm. In the case of extremely highly viscous media (automatic transmission oil at - 40 ° C), however, a residual air gap of up to 0.2 mm may also be required.
- the valve according to Fig.l offers the advantage of a particularly simple production. All functional dimensions can be maintained without chain dimensioning.
- the gradation of the valve body makes it particularly easy to maintain the required dimensions in the area of the seat gap.
- the armature stroke results from the difference between the length of the valve body and the distance between the two valve seats.
- the length of the air gap between the pole and armature results from the difference between the length between the lower valve seat and the pole and the length between the end face of the armature and the upper edge of the valve body. Almost all function-critical dimensions can be machined from one side in one setup. Therefore, high-precision production is possible even with relatively simple machining processes. As a rule, the valve can therefore be mounted directly without requiring complex pairing of the individual components.
- Fig. 2 shows another valve that is particularly suitable for pressure control in automatic transmissions.
- the valve has a hydraulic armature back control. When the valve is at rest, the hydraulic consumer is connected to the pressure oil queue.
- the design of the radii in the area of the valve seats is the same as in the right side of Fig.l.
- the pressure ⁇ l passes through the lateral bore 226 in the valve housing 217 into the collecting space 227. From here, the oil reaches the controlled pressure space 228 via the upper valve seat 220.
- the controlled pressure space is via a lateral gap 231 between the valve housing 217 and the sealing plug 222 and Bores 232 and 225 connected to the hydraulic consumer.
- This oil routing enables a particularly small outer diameter of the valve in the lower area.
- the spaces of different pressures are separated by the bearing block 218.
- the Lagersteüe 218 has a circumferential groove which is supplied with pressure oil via the filter 219 through the bore 229.
- the leakage oil flow consists almost entirely of filtered oil. This measure prevents contamination of the bearing blocks with abrasion.
- the filtered pressure oil passes through the relief groove 231 into the upper pressure-free anchor area.
- the armature 214 and the bearing bore in the housing are undercut approx.0.5-1 mm deep to reduce viscous frictional forces at very low oil temperatures.
- the oil reaches the interior of the valve from the controlled pressure chamber 228 and is drained from there via the side bores 223 and 224 into the unpressurized outer region of the valve.
- the valve housing 217 consists of magnetis ⁇ erbarem material, which is converted in the area of the working air gap by heat treatment in non-magnetisable material.
- the pole 211 is provided with relief bores 213 on the side.
- the pole 211 is connected to the neck of the valve housing 217 by a screw connection and secured against rotation by a nut 212.
- the screw connection allows the valve to be secured in a simple manner.
- the residual air gap remaining when the armature is tightened is set in such a way that a point on the pressure characteristic curve determined by the specification of the user is reached.
- the outer magnetic yoke takes place through the lower cover 216 and the coil housing 215, both of which are made of magnetizable material.
- valve 3 shows a valve which is particularly suitable for pilot control of diesel injection valves based on the accumulator principle.
- Such an injection system is described, for example, in SAE Paper 840273 (Direct Digital Control of Electronic Unit Injectors).
- the design pressure of the valve is approximately 150 bar.
- the hydraulic consumer is connected to the oil return when the valve is at rest.
- the valve has a hat-shaped armature 310 with a double working air gap.
- the double working air gap enables the magnetically conductive cross sections to be halved. Due to the reduced cross-sections compared to a magnet with only one working air gap, the eddy current build-up in the magnet iron is considerably reduced, and thus a faster working capacity is achieved.
- the outer pole of the magnet is formed by the surface of the pole plate 315 opposite the hat-shaped collar of the armature 310.
- the pole plate 315 is fastened in the magnet housing 314 by flanging.
- the pressure build-up below the armature due to the volume of liquid displaced during the actuation is reduced by the relief bores 321, 322 and 335.
- the armature 310 is screwed to a guide sleeve 340 by a thread 336.
- the guide sleeve 340 carries the valve body 325 and the bearing elements 317 and 318.
- the pressure oil is supplied through the holes 328 in the upper reinforced part 311 of the guide sleeve.
- the reinforcement is necessary because of the high pressure load caused by the supply pressure.
- the spaces of different pressures are separated by the bearing control 317, which is provided with a relief groove.
- the pressure oil supply is interrupted in the rest position of the valve by the valve body 325 resting on the upper valve seat 323.
- the pressure oil reaches the controlled pressure chamber 341 from the upper valve seat 323.
- the consumer is connected to the controlled pressure chamber 341 via the bores 327.
- the oil return occurs via the lower valve seat 324 into the depressurized interior of the valve. From here, the oil is discharged through a central bore 337.
- the valve shoot body 325 is pressed into the rest position of the valve by the return spring 334 on the upper seat 323.
- the return spring 334 is mounted in the valve body on a seat plate 338.
- the lower end of the spring 334 is supported in the adjusting screw 330. With this adjusting screw, the dynamic behavior of the valve is confined in a known manner.
- the setting screw 330 is secured against twisting, for example by caulking, after the caulking process.
- the closure piece 329 is screwed to the valve housing 312.
- the neck of the closure piece 329 is guided in the valve housing 312 with little radial play in order to achieve a good centering of the lower seat 324.
- a variant is shown on the left-hand side of FIG. 3, in which the closure piece 332 is held by a separate pressure screw 331. This variant is easier to manufacture in terms of production technology.
- Fig.3 two alternative forms of the upper valve seat are shown: an inclined seat arrangement on the right side and a right-angled seat arrangement on the left side.
- the inclined seat arrangement is favorable in the intended application.
- piloting accumulator injection nozzles only small flows are required during the connection of the consumer with the pressure oil queue.
- a good seal between the consumer and the pressure oil queue is required when the valve is defrosted to prevent the leakage currents from flowing through the Keep valve as low as possible.
- the valve cross-section between the consumer and the oil return which is released when the valve is removed, should be as large as possible in order to achieve a well-defined, sharp start of the injection process.
- This behavior is achieved by combining the inclined seat 323 with the right-angled seat 324, as shown on the right-hand side of FIG. The more complicated production is to be mentioned as a night of this seating arrangement.
- the inner diameter of the upper valve seat 323 or 342 is designed with the same diameter as that of the armature bearing.
- the inner diameter of the lower valve seat 324 is up to several 1/10 mm smaller than that of the armature bearing. In this way, the desired curve adjustment is achieved.
- it is favorable to harden the valve body and the seats by heat treatment. With hardened building doors, the seat width can be reduced to approx. 0.1 mm. Due to the smaller seat width, the required actuating forces are reduced, and thus a faster working capacity is achieved. However, the hardening deteriorates the magnetic properties of the housing material. Therefore, the magnet housing 314 should then be placed on the hardened housing 313 as a separate component.
- the connection can be made, for example, by brazing. Such an arrangement is shown on the left side of FIG.
- the particular advantage of the embodiment according to FIG. 3 is that the interior of the valve is not exposed to pressure loads. As a result, this design is also suitable for high pressures.
- the display of the upper housing end and the electrical connections have been omitted in FIG. 3, since a large number of different designs of other electromagnetic valves are known for this.
- valve 4 shows a particularly simple valve design, the mode of operation of which has already been explained with reference to FIG. 13.
- the valve In the rest position, the valve connects the consumer to the pressure oil queue.
- the valve has a hydraulic armature reset.
- the valve support 411 is screwed into the connector 410.
- the pole 413 is pressed onto the valve carrier 411 and is preferably machined together with the latter. Between anchors
- a residual air gap of preferably 0.05-0.1 mm remains when the armature is tightened.
- the armature is provided with a recess 422 in order to achieve an unimpeded flow of pressure oil to the upper valve seat 417.
- the pressure oil passes through the bores 425, 424 and 423 into the collecting space 427. From here the oil reaches the controlled pressure space through the upper valve seat 417, which is located above the groove 419.
- the controlled pressure chamber is connected to the consumer via the groove 419 and the bores 428.
- the oil return takes place via the lower valve seat 418, and from there through the bores 421 in the lower housing part '420 to the outer region of the housing.
- the lower housing 420 is made of soft magnetic material and is connected to the connecting piece 410 by flanging.
- the magnetic flux is conducted through the side air gap between armature 412 and lower housing part 420.
- the magnetic inference to the pole 413 takes place through the deep-drawn magnet housing 416, which is fastened to the lower housing 420 by crimping.
- the coil former 415 is centered on a turn in the lower housing 420. A further centering can also be in the upper area of the coil body 415 on the pole
- the connector 410 is stepped to prevent damage to the sealing rings 426 when mounting the valve in the transmission. Due to this embodiment of the connecting piece, additional axial forces also occur on the valve attachment.
- the valve is held in the receiving bore by a clip (not shown). The clip engages in the upper turn in connector 410.
- the anchor stroke is usually 0.1-0.2 mm.
- the anchor diameter is typically approx. 10 mm, the typical wall thickness of the anchor is approx. 1 mm.
- the width of the seats should preferably be 0.2 mm.
- the outer radius of the upper valve seat 417 is several 1/10 mm less than the one running the anchor bearing. The outside through the lower. Seat 418 ⁇ should correspond to that of the anchor bearing in order to achieve low initial forces.
- the Ventü offers the advantage of a particularly simple construction and simple manufacture.
- the valve is almost wear-free thanks to the flexible collar of the armature.
- the interior of the valve is only under the negligible pressure of the return oil, which results in a lightweight design.
- Very short control processes are achieved.
- the typical pull-in and drop-out times are 1-2 ms and can be significantly reduced with special electronic control circuits.
- the channel guide shown at the lower connector is only to be understood as a preferred example. In different demands of the user and the Druckölzufluß from the side may for example be controlled and the terminal according to 'be placed below. However, such an embodiment then requires intersecting channels, which require a slightly increased production outlay.
- Fig. 5 shows a simple valve in which the control edges are located on the end faces of the armature.
- the hydraulic consumer is connected to the oil return when the valve is at rest. The principle of operation has already been explained with reference to FIG. 12.
- the armature 530 is mounted on the valve carrier 510 with little radial play.
- the pressure oil is guided through the central bore 514 and the side bores 515 to the lower valve seat 516.
- the armature is pressed in the rest position by the return spring 518 on the lower valve seat 516.
- the controlled pressure chamber 517 is delimited by the coil body 522.
- the pressure oil passes from the controlled pressure chamber 517 through the bores 513 to the consumer.
- the oil return takes place via the upper valve seat 519, which is located on the pole 526. From here, the almost pressureless return oil is led out through the bores 528 and 529.
- the pole 526 is screwed to the valve carrier 510.
- the magnetic inference takes place through the magnet housing 523 and the guide plate 521.
- the guide plate is embedded in the coil body 522.
- the bobbin 522 is preferably made of thermoplastic.
- the baffle is provided with openings 532 in order to achieve a good distribution of the plastic material during the injection molding.
- the baffle is completely encased in plastic on the pressure chamber side in order to prevent any possibility of forming a leakage current path along the sheet.
- the baffle also serves to mechanically reinforce the coil former.
- the coil body 522 is pressed together with the magnet housing 523 by the nut 527 onto the valve carrier 510.
- the working air gap located between pole 526 and armature 530 is completely closed when the armature is tightened, so that no working air gap remains at this step.
- the side air gap between armature 530 and baffle 521 is made relatively large. This measure further reduces the centering accuracy required for the guide piece 521.
- the anchor face on the pole side is provided with a short socket 520, which has a height of 0.1-0.2 mm.
- the dynamic flow forces in the region of the end face of the armature are considerably reduced by the nozzle.
- a defined seating area is created by the nozzle.
- the seat width of the valve seats is preferably 0.2-0.3 mm.
- the inside diameter of the lower seat is the same as that of the anchor.
- the inner diameter of the upper seat 519 is a few 1/10 mm smaller than that of the anchor bearing in order to achieve a characteristic curve adjustment.
- the dynamic behavior of the valve is considerably improved by the top seat, which is offset inwards.
- the vent can also be provided with an internal spring, as shown in FIG. 6.
- the return spring 614 is mounted within the pole 612. Pole 612 and magnet housing 611 are pressed together by the nut 615 onto the valve carrier 610.
- the overall diameter can be reduced compared to the valve according to FIG.
- the separate thread for fastening the pole can be saved.
- Fig. 7 shows another valve with front edge control. Compared to that according to FIG. 6, the valve has a different hydraulic switching mode, in which the consumer is connected to the pressure oil source when the valve is at rest.
- Fig. 7 shows a valve in which the armature reset takes place by means of a return spring.
- the left side shows a valve with hydraulic armature reset.
- the spring return usually results in a more stable dynamic behavior than a hydraulic backward control. This is due to the fact that, in the case of a hydraulic back control, the restoring force is directly dependent on the supply pressure.
- the valves according to the invention with spring return are largely insensitive to fluctuations in the supply pressure.
- the magnetic circuit of the valve consists of the pole 718, the armature 721, the upper guide piece 711, the magnet housing 713 and the lower guide piece 712.
- the lower guide piece 712 is embedded in the coil body 714.
- the coil former 714 is pressed onto the valve carrier 710 by the upper guide piece 711.
- the upper guide piece is made of soft magnetic material and is screwed to the valve support 710.
- the pole 718 is fixed immovably on the valve carrier 710 and is processed together with it.
- the armature 721 is back-controlled by the internal spring 723. On the left side, the armature 722 is back-controlled by the supply pressure.
- the oil is supplied through the central bore 720 and the side bores 727 via the lower valve seat 725. From there, the oil reaches the controlled pressure chamber, which is located within the bobbin 714. The controlled pressure chamber is connected to the consumer via the bores 719. The installation space is sealed by the sealing ring 716 and 717. The sealing ring 716 is arranged on the coil body 714. With this arrangement, a separate seal between valve carrier 710 and coil former 714 is not required.
- the oil return occurs via the upper seat 724 or 726. From there, the oil reaches the outside of the valve through the bores 728 and 729.
- the end faces of anchor 721 and 722 are provided with 0.1-0.2 mm high sockets. The seat widths are approx. 0.2-03 mm.
- the inner diameter of the lower seat 725 is the same as that of the armature bearing.
- the characteristics are adjusted by a smaller inner diameter of the upper seat 724 than that of the armature bearing.
- the inner diameter of the lower seat 730 is a few 1 10 mm larger than that of the armature bearing. As a result, the restoring force is generated when the armature is tightened.
- the inner diameter of the upper seat 726 is the same or slightly larger than that of the anchor bearing.
- valves shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 have a number of significant advantages compared to the other valves previously shown.
- the space surrounding the anchor has to be pressurized.
- the seat located between the pole and armature is exposed to the variable control pressure.
- the germline adaptation can only be carried out completely in hydraulically hard systems. Hydraulically hard systems are characterized in that the consumer pressure fluctuates between the supply pressure and the pressure of the return oil during a working cycle.
- a medium pressure builds up at the valve, which remains almost unchanged during a work cycle.
- the magnetic circuit consists of armature 816, pole 817, magnet housing 826, housing carrier 827 and guide piece 828. These parts are made of soft magnetic material.
- the armature 816 is pressed in the rest position by the spring 824 onto the lower valve seat 830.
- the upper spring bearing is located on the pin 818.
- the pin 818 is pressed into the pole 817.
- the spring force is adjusted by moving the pressed-in pin 818. As a result, the dynamic behavior of the valve is confined.
- the magnet housing 826 is fastened to the housing carrier 827 by flanging.
- the spacer 825 is located between the magnet housing 826 and the housing carrier 827. The spacer 825 is used to insert the length of the residual air gap between the armature 816 and the pole 817.
- the residual air gap is preferably about 0.05-0.1 mm.
- the coil body 819 is sealed against the interior of the valve by the sealing rings 821 and 822. Between armature 816 and guide piece 828 there is a side air gap with a width of preferably 0.2-0.3 mm.
- the pressure oil is supplied through the bores 832. From here, the pressure oil is guided along the guide tube 811 of the armature 816 to the lower valve seat 830. This lateral space is sealed off from the interior of the valve by the lower bearing 812.
- the bearing 812 is provided with a relief groove.
- the upper bearing 813 is provided with grooves that allow oil to pass through to the lower seat 830. Control of the grooves, the bearing can also be machined with other geometric shapes that allow oil to pass through the bearing. For example, the bearing could be ground flat.
- the pressure oil reaches the controlled pressure chamber 815 from the lower valve seat 830. From here, the oil is guided through the bores 831 to the consumer.
- the controlled pressure chamber 815 is built by the valve carrier 810 and the guide piece 828.
- the guide piece 828 is pressed onto the valve support 810 by the housing support 827.
- the guide piece 828 is centered in a recess of the valve carrier 810 with little radial play.
- the housing bracket 827 is screwed to the valve bracket 810.
- the return oil passes from the controlled pressure chamber via the upper valve seat 829 into the space between armature 816 and guide piece 828. From here, the return oil is guided into the guide tube 811 through the side holes in the armature. From here, the return oil is led out of the valve through the bearing bore 836.
- the Ventilschüeß Chemistry 814 is provided with a groove. The groove serves to increase the flexibility of the shooting body 814. As a result, load peaks in the region of the valve seats are reduced.
- the valve is connected to the built-in unit by screwing.
- the supply channels of the valve are sealed against each other on the built-in unit by the sealing rings 833, 834 and 835.
- the inside diameter of the lower valve seat 830 has the same diameter as that of the armature bearing.
- the upper valve seat 829 generally has a slightly smaller diameter than the diameter of the armature bearing in order to achieve an increase in the restoring force towards the end of the tightening movement.
- the seat widths are preferably approximately 0.2 mm.
- angled seat arrangements can also be used. In the case of an inclined seat design of the upper seat 829, the centering of the guide piece 828 should take place directly on the shooting body 814 during the assembly of the valve. The screwing in the valve carrier 810, which serves to center the guide piece 828, can then be dispensed with.
- FIG. 9 shows a further valve which is preferably suitable for the pilot control of diesel injection nozzles.
- the design pressure is approx. 100 bar.
- the hydraulic consumer is connected to the pressure oil queue when the valve is at rest.
- the VentU has a new kind Magnetic circuit with a conical flow guide, which allows a particularly compact design of the valve.
- the upper seat 928 is designed as an oblique seat.
- the magnet housing 914 is made in one piece.
- the magnet housing is composed of two separate components. This enables the manufacture of the housing jacket 913 from inexpensive thin-walled tube material.
- the magnetic circuit of the valve shown on the right-hand side of FIG. 9 consists of armature 926, guide piece 932, guide piece support 935, housing jacket 913, housing support 911 and pole 910.
- Guide piece 932, guide piece holder 935, housing jacket 913, housing bracket 911 and pole 910 are fixed together other connected.
- the right-angled working air gap of the magnet is between pole 910 and armature 926.
- a non-magnetizable spacer tube 925 is pressed into pole 910, which protrudes from pole 910 by approx. 0.1 mm.
- the side air gap between the guide piece 932 and anchor 926 is lightly, conically flattened.
- the conical design results in a considerably smaller outer diameter of the guide piece 932 than would be possible with the conventional design of the magnetic circuit.
- the side air gap would be tubular, so that the cross sections of the armature 926 and the guide piece 932 are roughly constant in the axial direction.
- the conical design results in a slightly lower maximum magnetic force than in the conventional design. This is due to the fact that a force counteracting the tightening direction is generated in the axial direction in the side air gap.
- this counteracting force is only very small at small cone angles, so that the night of the lower maximum force is compensated for by the advantage of the more compact design. Do not exceed the angle shooting in the cone of the anchor 30 °; and preferably about 20 °.
- the area of the side air gap should be a multiple of the area of the working pole.
- the armature 926 of the valve is pressed in the rest position by the return spring 922 against the upper valve seat 929.
- the return spring 922 is mounted on the spring support 912.
- the spring support 912 is centered by a turn in the housing support 911.
- the armature 926 is mounted on the valve carrier 915 with little radial play. The actuation forces are reduced by the relief grooves 939.
- the valve carrier 915 consists of non-magnetizable material and is preferably made of tube material.
- the oil is supplied through the central bore 924 in the valve carrier 915.
- the central bore 924 is closed at the top by the pressed-in bolt 931. From here, the oil passes through the side bores 930 to the upper valve seat 929, which is closed when the valve is at rest.
- the pressure oil reaches the controlled pressure chamber 940 via the upper valve seat 929.
- the oil reaches the consumer from the controlled pressure chamber through axial grooves in the valve carrier 915 and through the bores 938.
- the return oil returns in the same way to the controlled pressure chamber 940; and from here via the lower valve seat 927 into the interior of the valve enclosed by the coil body 933. From here, the now unpressurized oil is drained off through holes 923.
- the coil former 933 is sealed to the outside by the sealing rings 921 and 936.
- the valve is fastened in the installation space by screwing.
- the fastening thread is on the outside of the magnet housing.
- the oil channels are sealed against each other by the sealing rings 917, 918 and 920.
- valve carrier 915 is screwed to the magnetic pole 910 and sealed with the sealing ring 916.
- the armature stroke is set by turning the valve carrier 915.
- the valve carrier 915 is then secured against further rotation, preferably by spot welding in the threaded area.
- the outer diameter of the upper seat 929 or 928 is designed with the same diameter as that of the armature bearing.
- the inner diameter of the lower seat 927 should generally be made slightly smaller than that of the armature bearing by one To achieve an increase in the restoring force when the armature is tightened.
- the seat widths are preferably approximately 0.2 mm.
- valves can be adapted to other pressure ranges, in which case a slightly different dimensioning will often be required. It is also possible without further ado to combine individual features of the piloted valve here, with slightly different designs then being achieved.
- the FaU will often find that the valves have to be adapted to different duct routing and installation conditions on the built-in unit. In this case, crossing channels can then be required in the lower region of the valves.
- the valves provided for plug-in assembly can be easily provided with screw connections, provided that this is required by the user or a high supply pressure makes this necessary.
- the proposed methods for connecting the individual parts of the valves are only to be understood as particularly expedient examples; Borders can be replaced by screw connections or press connections, for example. Based on the explanations, the person skilled in the art can easily adapt the individual valves to changing requirements. Furthermore, the proposed applications from the field of automotive hydraulics are only to be understood as examples. In particular, the proposed pulse-modulated valves can also be used in the field of general hydraulics. The pulse-modulated mode of operation will then often enable a reduction in the number of hydraulic components and better controllability of the hydraulic consumers. However, the reasonable range of application is also limited to flow cross-sections of up to approx. 10 mm.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3814156A DE3814156A1 (de) | 1988-04-27 | 1988-04-27 | Pulsmoduliertes hydraulikventil |
| DEP3814156.6 | 1988-04-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1989010510A2 true WO1989010510A2 (en) | 1989-11-02 |
| WO1989010510A3 WO1989010510A3 (en) | 1989-11-30 |
Family
ID=6352960
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1989/000458 Ceased WO1989010510A2 (en) | 1988-04-27 | 1989-04-26 | Pulsed hydraulic valve |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4979542A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0370093A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH03500080A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3814156A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1989010510A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0615064A1 (de) * | 1993-03-08 | 1994-09-14 | Ganser-Hydromag | Steueranordnung für ein Einspritzventil für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen |
| CN101749297B (zh) * | 2010-02-03 | 2012-05-23 | 北京理工大学 | 一种高速大流量脉冲阀 |
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| US5271371A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1993-12-21 | Caterpillar Inc. | Actuator and valve assembly for a hydraulically-actuated electronically-controlled injector |
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| JPWO2023033143A1 (de) | 2021-09-02 | 2023-03-09 | ||
| CN119361294B (zh) * | 2024-09-11 | 2025-09-09 | 江苏亿安电气科技有限公司 | 一种高效低损耗油箱及其使用方法 |
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-
1988
- 1988-04-27 DE DE3814156A patent/DE3814156A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-04-20 US US07/341,576 patent/US4979542A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-26 WO PCT/EP1989/000458 patent/WO1989010510A2/de not_active Ceased
- 1989-04-26 EP EP19890905685 patent/EP0370093A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-04-26 JP JP1505432A patent/JPH03500080A/ja active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0615064A1 (de) * | 1993-03-08 | 1994-09-14 | Ganser-Hydromag | Steueranordnung für ein Einspritzventil für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen |
| CH686845A5 (de) * | 1993-03-08 | 1996-07-15 | Ganser Hydromag | Steueranordnung fuer ein Einspritzventil fuer Verbrennungskraftmaschinen. |
| CN101749297B (zh) * | 2010-02-03 | 2012-05-23 | 北京理工大学 | 一种高速大流量脉冲阀 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH03500080A (ja) | 1991-01-10 |
| WO1989010510A3 (en) | 1989-11-30 |
| DE3814156A1 (de) | 1989-11-09 |
| US4979542A (en) | 1990-12-25 |
| EP0370093A1 (de) | 1990-05-30 |
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