WO1992013054A1 - Detergent compositions containing lipase and water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds - Google Patents

Detergent compositions containing lipase and water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992013054A1
WO1992013054A1 PCT/US1992/000073 US9200073W WO9213054A1 WO 1992013054 A1 WO1992013054 A1 WO 1992013054A1 US 9200073 W US9200073 W US 9200073W WO 9213054 A1 WO9213054 A1 WO 9213054A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alkyl
water
quaternary ammonium
detergent compositions
detergent composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/US1992/000073
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French (fr)
Inventor
Alastair John Pretty
Robin Scott Hargrove
Andre Cesar Baeck
Alfred Bush
Andre Christian Convents
Jean-Pol Boutique
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Publication date
Priority claimed from EP91870006.3A external-priority patent/EP0495344A1/en
Priority to JP50445392A priority Critical patent/JP2996726B2/en
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Priority to KR1019930702124A priority patent/KR100229561B1/en
Priority to CS931410A priority patent/CZ284448B6/en
Priority to BR9205427A priority patent/BR9205427A/en
Priority to RU93052400A priority patent/RU2108374C1/en
Priority to EP92904540A priority patent/EP0646165A1/en
Priority to FI933224A priority patent/FI933224A0/en
Priority to SK724-93A priority patent/SK72493A3/en
Priority to AU12305/92A priority patent/AU661672B2/en
Priority to PL92300105A priority patent/PL172961B1/en
Publication of WO1992013054A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992013054A1/en
Priority to NO932527A priority patent/NO304235B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
    • C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12N9/2405—Glucanases
    • C12N9/2434—Glucanases acting on beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds
    • C12N9/2437—Cellulases (3.2.1.4; 3.2.1.74; 3.2.1.91; 3.2.1.150)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/65—Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
    • C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
    • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
    • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
    • C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
    • C11D3/38627—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing lipase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
    • C11D3/38645—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing cellulase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
    • C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12Y302/01004—Cellulase (3.2.1.4), i.e. endo-1,4-beta-glucanase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to detergent compositions having enhanced soil removal properties, particularly of triglyceride-containing soils.
  • Enzymatic detergent compositions are well known in the art.
  • upases have been described as possible enzymes from detergent compositions in several patent publications; representative of such disclosures are US 4011 169, describing the use of upases in the preparation of additives for washing agents, as well as EP-A- 205 208, EP-A-206390 or EP-A-341 999, all relative to specific detergent compositions containing lipase as a soil-removal agent.
  • the present invention relates to detergent compositions comprising a surface-active agent, a water-soluble quaternary ammonium compound of the formula:
  • R 2 R3R4N+ X- wherein R-j is Cs - C- Q alkyl or is R5-T-C-R6, wherein T is O, NH or N-C-
  • R5 is a divalent C1-C3 alkylene group or (C2H4 ⁇ ) m , wherein m is a number of from 1 to 8, wherein each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently C-
  • R2, R3 or R4 being benzyl and X" is an anion, or:
  • N-R2 wherein n is 2, 3, or 4, preferably 2 Q is CH, CH2, or N r + and R-
  • compositions additionally contain a lipase enzyme.
  • the quaternary ammonium salts above are preferably selected from species in which R-
  • compositions herein are in granular form, compact granular form or liquid form.
  • the water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds useful in the present composition have the formula:
  • R5 is a divalent C-1-C3 alkylene group or (C2H4 ⁇ ) m , wherein m is a number of from 1 to 8, wherein each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently C-
  • R2, R3 or R4 being benzyl and X" is an anion, or
  • R-I X" and X" is an anion.
  • the preferred alkyl chain length for Ri is C12 - 15 particularly where the alkyl group is a mixture of chain lengths derived from coconut or palm kernel fat or is derived synthetically by olefin build up or OXO alcohols synthesis.
  • Preferred groups for R2-R3 and R4 are methyl and hydroxyethyl groups and the anion X may be selected from haiide, methosulphate, acetate and phosphate ions.
  • Suitable quaternary ammonium compounds of formulae (i) for use herein are: coconut trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide coconut methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide decyl thethyl ammonium chloride decyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide C- ⁇ 2-15dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide coconut dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide myristyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulphate lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride or bromide
  • compositions of the present invention are capable of existing in cationic form in a 0.1% aqueous solution at pH 10.
  • the water-soluble cationic compounds are present in an amount of from 0.1% to 10% by weight of the detergent compositions.
  • the present composition comprises a lipase enzyme which can be chosen from among a wide range of lipases: in particular the lipases described in for example the following patent specifications, EP 0214761 , EP 0258068, EP 0 205208, EP 0206390.
  • Suitable in particular are for example the following commercially available lipase preparations: Novo Lipolase R , Amano lipases CE, P, B, AP, M-AP, AML, and CES, and Meito lipases MY-30, OF, and PL, also esterase MM, Lipozym, SP225, SP285, Saiksn lipase, Enzeco lipase, Toyo Jozo lipase and Diosynth lipase (Trade Marks).
  • Genetic engineering of the enzymes can be achieved by extraction of an appropriate lipase gene, e.g. the gene for lipase from Humicola lanuginosa or from a mutant thereof , and introduction and expression of the gene or derivative thereof in a suitable producer organism such as an Aspergillus.
  • a suitable producer organism such as an Aspergillus.
  • the techniques described in WO 88/02775 (Novo), EP 0243338 (Labofina) and EP 0268452 (Genencor) may be applied and adapted.
  • the lipase is present in the present composition at levels of from 10LU to 5000LU/g of composition.
  • 1 LU is the lipolytic activity which releases 1 micromole titratable butyric acid within 1 minute under the following conditions:
  • the levels typically range from 0.01 to % by weight of the total composition.
  • a wide range of surface-active agents can be used in the detergent compositions.
  • a typical listing of anionic, nonionic, ampholytic and zwitterionic classes, and species of these surfactants, is given in US Patent 3,664,961 issued to Norris on May 23, 1972.
  • anionic surfactants are particularly suitable herein, especially mixtures of sulphonate and sulphate surfactants in a weight ratio of from 5:1 to 1 :2, preferably from 3:1 to 2:3, more preferably from 3:1 to 1 :1.
  • Preferred sulphonates include alkyl benzene sulphonates having from 9 to 15, especially 11 to 13 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, and alpha-sulphonated methyl fatty acid esters in which the fatty acid is derived from a C12-C18 fattv source preferably from a C ⁇ g-Ci ⁇ f att Y source.
  • the cation is an alkali metal, selected from sodium mono or polyethanolamine or ammonium.
  • Preferred sulphate surfactants are alkyl sulphates having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, optionally in admixture with ethoxy sulphates having from 10 to 20, preferably 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and an average degree of ethoxylation of 1 to 6.
  • alkyl sulphates herein are tallow alkyl sulphate, coconut alkyl sulphate, and C14.15 alkyl sulphates.
  • the cation in each instance is again an alkali metal cation.
  • One class of nonionic surfactants useful in the present invention are condensates of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic moiety to provide a surfactant having an average hydrophilic-lipophiiic balance (HLB) in the range from 8 to 17, preferably from 9.5 to 13.5, more preferably from 10 to 12.5.
  • HLB hydrophilic-lipophiiic balance
  • the hydrophobic (lipophilic) moiety may be aliphatic or aromatic in nature and the length of the polyoxyethylene group which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
  • Especially preferred nonionic surfactants of this type are the Cg-C-
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET Another class of nonionic surfactants comprises alkyl polyglucoside compounds of general formula:
  • Z is a moiety derived from glucose; R is a saturated hydrophobic alkyl group that contains from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; t is from 0 to 10 and n is 2 or 3; x is from 1.3 to 4, the compounds including less than 10% unreacted fatty alcohol and less than 50% short chain alkyl polyglucosides.
  • Compounds of this type and their use in detergent are disclosed in EP-B 0070077, 0075996 and 0 094118.
  • nonionic surfactants are poly hydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants of the formula R 2 - C - N - Z, wherein R 1 is H,
  • R-. is methyl
  • R 2 is a straight C--, 1 15 alkyl or alkenyl chain such as coconut alkyl or mixtures thereof
  • Z is derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, in a reductive amination reaction.
  • a further class of surfactants are the semi-polar surfactants such as amine oxides.
  • Suitable amine oxides are selected from mono C8-C20. preferably C-i Q -C-14 N-alkyi or alkenyl amine oxides and propylene-1,3-diamine dioxides wherein the remaining N positions are substituted by methyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl groups.
  • amphoteric surfactants such as polyamine- based species.
  • the detergent compositions can comprise from 1%-70% by weight of surfactant, but usually the surfactant is present in the compositions herein an amount of from 1% to 30%, more preferably from 10-25% by weight.
  • the molar ratio of the water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds herein to the anionic surfactant should be less than 1 :1 and desirably should be less than 1:1.5. In preferred embodiments of the invention such as heavy duty laundry detergent formulations, the molar ratio should be less than 1 :2.
  • the present composition will typically include optional ingredients that normally form part of detergent compositions.
  • the present composition typically contains a detergent builder.
  • Any conventional builder system is suitable for use herein including aluminosilicate materials, silicates, polycarboxylates and fatty acids, materials such as ethylenediamine tetraacetate, metal ion sequestrants such as aminopolyphosphonates, particularly ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid and diethylene triamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid.
  • phosphate builders can also be used herein.
  • Suitable builders can be an inorganic ion exchange material, commonly an inorganic hydrated aluminosilicate material, more particularly a hydrated synthetic zeolite such as hydrated zeolite A, X, B or HS.
  • Another suitable inorganic builder material is layered silicate, e.g. SKS-6
  • SKS-6 is a crystalline layered silicate consisting of sodium silicate (Na 2 Si 2 0 5 ).
  • Suitable polycarboxylates builders for use herein include citric acid, preferably in the form of a water-soluble salt, derivatives of succinic acid of the formula R- CH(COOH)CH2(COOH) wherein R is C10-20 alkyl or alkenyl, preferably C12-16, or wherein R can be substituted with hydroxyl, sulfo sulfoxyl or sulfone substituents.
  • Specific examples include lauryl succinate , myristyl succinate, palmityl succinate2-dodecenylsuccinate, 2-tetradecenyl succinate.
  • Succinate builders are preferably used in the form of their water-soluble salts, including sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET Other suitable polycarboxylates are oxodisuccinates and mixtures of tartrate monosuccinic and tartrate disuccinic acid such as described in US 4,663,071.
  • suitable fatty acid builders for use herein are saturated or unsaturated C10-18 fatty acids, as well as well as the corresponding soaps.
  • Preferred saturated species have from 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
  • the preferred unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid.
  • Preferred builder systems for use in granular compositions include a mixture of a water-insoluble aluminosilicate builder such as zeolite A, and a water-soluble carboxyiate chelating agent such as citric acid.
  • builder materials that can form part of the builder system for use in the compositions of the invention include inorganic materials such as alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates, and organic materials such as the organic phosphonates, amino polyalkylene phosphonates and amino polycarboxylates.
  • Suitable water-soluble organic salts are the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.
  • Polymers of this type are disclosed in GB-A-1 ,596,756.
  • Examples of such salts are polyacrylates of MW 2000-5000 and their copolymers with maieic anhydride, such copolymers having a molecular weight of from 20,000 to 70,000, especially about 40,000.
  • Detergency builder salts are normally included in amounts of from 10% to 80% by weight of the composition preferably from 20% to 70% and most usually from 30% to 60% by weight.
  • fabric softeners agents such as smectite clays
  • additional polymers such as polyethylene oxides, polyvinyipyrroiidones, polyvinylalcohol, bleaches, bleach activators, suds suppressors, as well as other enzymes selected from proteases, amylases cellulases, peroxidases, oxidases.
  • the present composition can be in granular form, and in particular in compact form, i.e. they may have a relatively higher density than conventional granular detergent compositions according to the present invention will contain a lower amount of "inorganic filler salt", compared to conventional granular detergents; typical filler salts are alkaline earth metal salts of sulphates and chlorides, typically sodium sulphate; "compact" detergents typically comprise not more than 10% filler salt.
  • the present composition can also be in liquid form, and comprises typical ingredients of such composition such as organic solvents, in particular ethanol.
  • Lipase (Lipolase R at 100 kLU)
  • the % Soil Removal is evaluated by comparing reflectance measurements of swatches soiled with olive oil/Sudan red before and after washing; the method is as follows:
  • the olive oil is stained with Sudan red (oil soluble dye). This allows to measure the % Soil Removal by reading the reflectance values.
  • the Whiteness Maintenance Effect corresponds to the soil redeposition as percent of removed soil. It is calculated as follows:
  • composition according to the present invention (Ex.1) in terms of soil removal (triglycerides-containing soils) and whiteness maintenance effect, is clearly demonstrated.
  • compositions % Soil removal Whiteness Maintenance
  • composition (% by weight)

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Abstract

Detergent compositions having enhanced soil removal/anti-redeposition properties are disclosed, which contain specific water-soluble quaternary ammonium compound and a lipase enzyme.

Description

DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING LIPASE AND WATER-SOLUBLE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to detergent compositions having enhanced soil removal properties, particularly of triglyceride-containing soils.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Enzymatic detergent compositions are well known in the art. In particular, upases have been described as possible enzymes from detergent compositions in several patent publications; representative of such disclosures are US 4011 169, describing the use of upases in the preparation of additives for washing agents, as well as EP-A- 205 208, EP-A-206390 or EP-A-341 999, all relative to specific detergent compositions containing lipase as a soil-removal agent.
The production of lipase from certain microorganismes has been described in e.g. EP-A-214761 and EP-A-258068.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET On the other hand, the use of certain water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds in detergent compositions exhibiting textile cleaning and softening properties is known; in particular, EP-A- 26529 describes such detergent compositions, where the presence of certain water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds provides benefits in terms of fabric cleaning and softening.
It has now been found that the combination of lipase enzymes with certain water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds, unexpectedly increases the removal of triglyceride-containing soils from fabrics, and provides soil-anti- redeposition effects not previously achievable from the use of either or the combined species above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to detergent compositions comprising a surface-active agent, a water-soluble quaternary ammonium compound of the formula:
(i) R-|R2R3R4N+ X- wherein R-j is Cs - C- Q alkyl or is R5-T-C-R6, wherein T is O, NH or N-C-|_4
O alkyl, R5 is a divalent C1-C3 alkylene group or (C2H4θ)m, wherein m is a number of from 1 to 8, wherein each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently C-| - C4 alkyl or hydroxyl alkyl, benzyl, or - (C2H4θ)xH where x has a value from 2 to 5, not more than one of
R2, R3 or R4 being benzyl and X" is an anion, or:
(ii) ^(CH2)χ X"
Q. N-R2 wherein n is 2, 3, or 4, preferably 2 Q is CH, CH2, or N r + and R-| and R2 are the same as in formula (i).
I
Rl X " and X" is an anion. characterized-in, that the compositions additionally contain a lipase enzyme.
The quaternary ammonium salts above are preferably selected from species in which R-| is C12-C15 alkyl and R2, R3 and R4 are preferably selected from methyl and hydroxyethyl groups.
The compositions herein are in granular form, compact granular form or liquid form.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
THE WATER-SOLUBLE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND
The water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds useful in the present composition have the formula:
(i) RtR2R3R4N+ χ- wherein R-i is C3 - C-|6 alkyl or is R5-T-C-R6, wherein T is O, NH or N-C1.
0 alkyl, R5 is a divalent C-1-C3 alkylene group or (C2H4θ)m, wherein m is a number of from 1 to 8, wherein each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently C-| - C4 alkyl or hydroxyl alkyl, benzyl, or - (C2H4θ)xH where x has a value from 2 to 5, not more than one of
R2, R3 or R4 being benzyl and X" is an anion, or
(ϋ) ,(CH2)
Q- N-R2 wherein n is 2, 3, or 4, preferably 2 Q is CH, CH2, or N
C + and R-| and R2 are the same as in formula (i).
R-I X" and X" is an anion.
The preferred alkyl chain length for Ri is C12 - 15 particularly where the alkyl group is a mixture of chain lengths derived from coconut or palm kernel fat or is derived synthetically by olefin build up or OXO alcohols synthesis. Preferred groups for R2-R3 and R4 are methyl and hydroxyethyl groups and the anion X may be selected from haiide, methosulphate, acetate and phosphate ions.
Examples of suitable quaternary ammonium compounds of formulae (i) for use herein are: coconut trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide coconut methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide decyl thethyl ammonium chloride decyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide C-\ 2-15dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide coconut dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide myristyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulphate lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride or bromide
SUBSTITUTE SHEET lauryl dimethyl (ethenoxy)4 ammonium chloride or bromide, choline esters (compounds of formula (i) wherein R-| is -CH2-O-C-C12-14 alkyl and R2R3R4 are methyl). 0 di-alkyl imidazolines [compounds of formula (I)].
The above water-soluble cationic components of the compositions of the present invention, are capable of existing in cationic form in a 0.1% aqueous solution at pH 10.
The water-soluble cationic compounds are present in an amount of from 0.1% to 10% by weight of the detergent compositions.
The lipase eπzvme
The present composition comprises a lipase enzyme which can be chosen from among a wide range of lipases: in particular the lipases described in for example the following patent specifications, EP 0214761 , EP 0258068, EP 0 205208, EP 0206390. Suitable in particular are for example the following commercially available lipase preparations: Novo LipolaseR, Amano lipases CE, P, B, AP, M-AP, AML, and CES, and Meito lipases MY-30, OF, and PL, also esterase MM, Lipozym, SP225, SP285, Saiksn lipase, Enzeco lipase, Toyo Jozo lipase and Diosynth lipase (Trade Marks).
Genetic engineering of the enzymes can be achieved by extraction of an appropriate lipase gene, e.g. the gene for lipase from Humicola lanuginosa or from a mutant thereof , and introduction and expression of the gene or derivative thereof in a suitable producer organism such as an Aspergillus. The techniques described in WO 88/02775 (Novo), EP 0243338 (Labofina) and EP 0268452 (Genencor) may be applied and adapted.
The lipase is present in the present composition at levels of from 10LU to 5000LU/g of composition. 1 LU is the lipolytic activity which releases 1 micromole titratable butyric acid within 1 minute under the following conditions:
Temp: 30°C pH: 7.0
Substrate: tributyrin
(Details published in NOVO publication AF 95.4/1).
When the lipase is LipolaseR 100kLU, the levels typically range from 0.01 to % by weight of the total composition. SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT
A wide range of surface-active agents can be used in the detergent compositions. A typical listing of anionic, nonionic, ampholytic and zwitterionic classes, and species of these surfactants, is given in US Patent 3,664,961 issued to Norris on May 23, 1972.
Mixtures of anionic surfactants are particularly suitable herein, especially mixtures of sulphonate and sulphate surfactants in a weight ratio of from 5:1 to 1 :2, preferably from 3:1 to 2:3, more preferably from 3:1 to 1 :1. Preferred sulphonates include alkyl benzene sulphonates having from 9 to 15, especially 11 to 13 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, and alpha-sulphonated methyl fatty acid esters in which the fatty acid is derived from a C12-C18 fattv source preferably from a C^g-Ciβ fattY source. In each instance the cation is an alkali metal, selected from sodium mono or polyethanolamine or ammonium. Preferred sulphate surfactants are alkyl sulphates having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, optionally in admixture with ethoxy sulphates having from 10 to 20, preferably 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and an average degree of ethoxylation of 1 to 6. Examples of preferred alkyl sulphates herein are tallow alkyl sulphate, coconut alkyl sulphate, and C14.15 alkyl sulphates. The cation in each instance is again an alkali metal cation.
One class of nonionic surfactants useful in the present invention are condensates of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic moiety to provide a surfactant having an average hydrophilic-lipophiiic balance (HLB) in the range from 8 to 17, preferably from 9.5 to 13.5, more preferably from 10 to 12.5. The hydrophobic (lipophilic) moiety may be aliphatic or aromatic in nature and the length of the polyoxyethylene group which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
Especially preferred nonionic surfactants of this type are the Cg-C-|5 primary alcohol ethoxylates containing 3-8 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, particularly the C-14-C15 primary alcohols containing 6-8 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol and the C12-C14 primary alcohols containing 3-5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET Another class of nonionic surfactants comprises alkyl polyglucoside compounds of general formula:
RO (CnH2nO)tZx
wherein Z is a moiety derived from glucose; R is a saturated hydrophobic alkyl group that contains from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; t is from 0 to 10 and n is 2 or 3; x is from 1.3 to 4, the compounds including less than 10% unreacted fatty alcohol and less than 50% short chain alkyl polyglucosides. Compounds of this type and their use in detergent are disclosed in EP-B 0070077, 0075996 and 0 094118.
Also suitable as nonionic surfactants are poly hydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants of the formula R2 - C - N - Z, wherein R1 is H,
Figure imgf000008_0001
C-j^ hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl or a mixture thereof, R2 is
C-5-31 hydrocarbyl, and Z is a poiyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof. Preferably, R-. is methyl, R2 is a straight C--,1 15 alkyl or alkenyl chain such as coconut alkyl or mixtures thereof, and Z is derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, in a reductive amination reaction.
A further class of surfactants are the semi-polar surfactants such as amine oxides. Suitable amine oxides are selected from mono C8-C20. preferably C-iQ-C-14 N-alkyi or alkenyl amine oxides and propylene-1,3-diamine dioxides wherein the remaining N positions are substituted by methyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl groups.
Another class of surfactants are amphoteric surfactants, such as polyamine- based species.
Mixtures of surfactant types are preferred, more especially anionic-nonionic. The detergent compositions can comprise from 1%-70% by weight of surfactant, but usually the surfactant is present in the compositions herein an amount of from 1% to 30%, more preferably from 10-25% by weight. Preferably, the molar ratio of the water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds herein to the anionic surfactant should be less than 1 :1 and desirably should be less than 1:1.5. In preferred embodiments of the invention such as heavy duty laundry detergent formulations, the molar ratio should be less than 1 :2.
Optional ingredients
The present composition will typically include optional ingredients that normally form part of detergent compositions. The present composition typically contains a detergent builder.
Any conventional builder system is suitable for use herein including aluminosilicate materials, silicates, polycarboxylates and fatty acids, materials such as ethylenediamine tetraacetate, metal ion sequestrants such as aminopolyphosphonates, particularly ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid and diethylene triamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid. Though less preferred for obvious environmental reasons, phosphate builders can also be used herein.
Suitable builders can be an inorganic ion exchange material, commonly an inorganic hydrated aluminosilicate material, more particularly a hydrated synthetic zeolite such as hydrated zeolite A, X, B or HS.
Another suitable inorganic builder material is layered silicate, e.g. SKS-6
(Hoechst). SKS-6 is a crystalline layered silicate consisting of sodium silicate (Na2Si205).
Suitable polycarboxylates builders for use herein include citric acid, preferably in the form of a water-soluble salt, derivatives of succinic acid of the formula R- CH(COOH)CH2(COOH) wherein R is C10-20 alkyl or alkenyl, preferably C12-16, or wherein R can be substituted with hydroxyl, sulfo sulfoxyl or sulfone substituents. Specific examples include lauryl succinate , myristyl succinate, palmityl succinate2-dodecenylsuccinate, 2-tetradecenyl succinate. Succinate builders are preferably used in the form of their water-soluble salts, including sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET Other suitable polycarboxylates are oxodisuccinates and mixtures of tartrate monosuccinic and tartrate disuccinic acid such as described in US 4,663,071.
Especially for the liquid execution herein, suitable fatty acid builders for use herein are saturated or unsaturated C10-18 fatty acids, as well as well as the corresponding soaps. Preferred saturated species have from 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. The preferred unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid.
Preferred builder systems for use in granular compositions include a mixture of a water-insoluble aluminosilicate builder such as zeolite A, and a water-soluble carboxyiate chelating agent such as citric acid.
Other builder materials that can form part of the builder system for use in the compositions of the invention include inorganic materials such as alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates, and organic materials such as the organic phosphonates, amino polyalkylene phosphonates and amino polycarboxylates.
Other suitable water-soluble organic salts are the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.
Polymers of this type are disclosed in GB-A-1 ,596,756. Examples of such salts are polyacrylates of MW 2000-5000 and their copolymers with maieic anhydride, such copolymers having a molecular weight of from 20,000 to 70,000, especially about 40,000.
Detergency builder salts are normally included in amounts of from 10% to 80% by weight of the composition preferably from 20% to 70% and most usually from 30% to 60% by weight.
Other optional ingredients include fabric softeners agents such as smectite clays, additional polymers such as polyethylene oxides, polyvinyipyrroiidones, polyvinylalcohol, bleaches, bleach activators, suds suppressors, as well as other enzymes selected from proteases, amylases cellulases, peroxidases, oxidases. Form of the composition
The present composition can be in granular form, and in particular in compact form, i.e. they may have a relatively higher density than conventional granular detergent compositions according to the present invention will contain a lower amount of "inorganic filler salt", compared to conventional granular detergents; typical filler salts are alkaline earth metal salts of sulphates and chlorides, typically sodium sulphate; "compact" detergents typically comprise not more than 10% filler salt.
The present composition can also be in liquid form, and comprises typical ingredients of such composition such as organic solvents, in particular ethanol.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET Examples
Example 1
The following detergent compositions were prepared:
Ingredients
Linear dodecyl benzene sulphonate sodium salt
Tallow alcohol sulphate sodium salt
Fatty alcohol ( C12-C15 ) ethoxylated ( 7 EO )
Zeolite 4A sodium form
Perborate 4H20
Tetra acetyl ethylene diamine
Carbonate sodium salt
Brightener
Carboxymethylcellulose
Ethylene diamine tetra acetate
Copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid
Coconut dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammomum chlo
Lipase (LipolaseR at 100 kLU)
Sulphate sodium salt
Minors + water
Figure imgf000012_0001
The above compositions were compared for % Soil Removal and Whiteness Maintenance Effect.
The % Soil Removal is evaluated by comparing reflectance measurements of swatches soiled with olive oil/Sudan red before and after washing; the method is as follows:
In order to improve the visibility of the olive oil removal, the olive oil is stained with Sudan red (oil soluble dye). This allows to measure the % Soil Removal by reading the reflectance values.
To verify that these reflectance values (sudan red concentration) correlate with the actual removal of olive oil, the olive oil-loaded swatches were extracted before and after washing. Extracts were measured in two ways: gravimetrically and via infra red spectroscopy (1735 cm-1). Results are as follows:
% Soil Removal
Reflectance Gravimetrically I.R.
21 19.4 21.6
- UBSTITUTE SHEET The Whiteness Maintenance Effect corresponds to the soil redeposition as percent of removed soil. It is calculated as follows:
% Soil Redeposition x 100 % Soil Removal
To monitor this effect, the reflectance of unsoiled swatches is measured.
Test conditions were as follows:
Launderometer equipment
40C heat up cycle detergent concentration:6g/l water hardness: 2.5 mmol/1 wash liquor: 200mi load: 6 polyester swatches of 7 x 7 cm (3g) of which
4 swatches soiled each with 50 microliter olive oil
2 unsoiled swatched cycles: 2
Results were as follows:
Figure imgf000013_0001
Discussion of the results:
The superiority of the composition according to the present invention (Ex.1) in terms of soil removal (triglycerides-containing soils) and whiteness maintenance effect, is clearly demonstrated.
Svnerαistic effect:
SUBSTITUTE SHEET The % Soil-Removal and Whiteness Maintenance Effect of Ex . was compared to the sum of the results of Composition B and C
Compositions % Soil removal Whiteness Maintenance
(differences versus treatment A) Eχ-| + 21 - 8
B + C + 19 + 2
The above results show that the results of Ex.1 are more than additive and do demonstrate the existance of a synergy.
(The % Soil Removal is increased, and the % of redeposited soil is decreased (WM).
THE FOLLOWING DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS ARE ALSO PREPARED:
Composition (% by weight)
Figure imgf000015_0001
SUBSTITUTE SHEET

Claims

CLA1MS
1. A detergent composition comprising surface-active agent, a water-soluble quaternary ammonium compound of the formula:
(i) R1R2R3R4N+ X- wherein R-j is Cβ - C-|g alkyl or is R5-T-C-R5, wherein T is 0, NH or N-C-1--4
O alkyl, R5 is a divalent C1-C3 alkylene group or (C2H4θ)m, wherein m is a number of from 1 to 8,
wherein each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently C-\ - C4 alkyl or hydroxyl alkyl, benzyl, or - (C2H4θ)xH where x has a value from 2 to 5, not more than one of R2, R3 or R4 being benzyl and X" is an anion, or:
wherein n is 2, 3, or 4, preferably 2 Q is CH, CH2, or N and R-| and R2 are the same as in formula (i).
Figure imgf000016_0001
and X" is an anion.
2. A detergent composition according to claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium salts are selected from species in which Ri is C12-C-15 alkyl and R2,
R3 and R4 are preferably selected from methyl and hydroxyethyl groups.
3. A detergent composition according to claims 1 and 2, wherein the level of said water-soluble cationic compound is from 0.1 to 10% by weight, and the level of said lipase enzyme is from 10 LU to 500 LU.
4. A detergent composition according to claims 1 -3, wherein the surface active-agent comprises anionic surfactants, molar ratio of the anionic surfactant to the water soluble quaternary ammonium compound greater than 1:1.
5. A detergent composition according to claims 1 -4 which is in granutar form, compact granular form or liquid form.
SUBSTITUTE SHE
PCT/US1992/000073 1991-01-16 1992-01-16 Detergent compositions containing lipase and water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds Ceased WO1992013054A1 (en)

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FI933224A FI933224A0 (en) 1991-01-16 1992-01-16 DETERGENT COMPOSITION INNEHAOLLANDE LIPAS OCH VATTENLOESLIGA KVATERNARISKA AMMONIUMFOERENINGAR
EP92904540A EP0646165A1 (en) 1991-01-16 1992-01-16 Detergent compositions containing lipase and water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds
KR1019930702124A KR100229561B1 (en) 1991-01-16 1992-01-16 Detergent composition containing lipase and water-soluble quaternary ammonnium compounds
CS931410A CZ284448B6 (en) 1991-01-16 1992-01-16 Detergent mixture with enhanced washing capacity an exhibiting activity against sediments
BR9205427A BR9205427A (en) 1991-01-16 1992-01-16 DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING LIPASE AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS SOLUBLE IN WATER
RU93052400A RU2108374C1 (en) 1991-01-16 1992-01-16 Detergent composition
SK724-93A SK72493A3 (en) 1991-01-16 1992-01-16 Detergent compositions containing lipase and water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds
JP50445392A JP2996726B2 (en) 1991-01-16 1992-01-16 Detergent composition containing lipase and water-soluble quaternary ammonium compound
PL92300105A PL172961B1 (en) 1991-01-16 1992-01-16 Detergent PL
AU12305/92A AU661672B2 (en) 1991-01-16 1992-01-16 Detergent compositions containing lipase and water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds
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