WO1993016294A1 - Palier supraconducteur - Google Patents
Palier supraconducteur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993016294A1 WO1993016294A1 PCT/JP1993/000172 JP9300172W WO9316294A1 WO 1993016294 A1 WO1993016294 A1 WO 1993016294A1 JP 9300172 W JP9300172 W JP 9300172W WO 9316294 A1 WO9316294 A1 WO 9316294A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- superconductor
- annular
- section
- magnetic flux
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0408—Passive magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0436—Passive magnetic bearings with a conductor on one part movable with respect to a magnetic field, e.g. a body of copper on one part and a permanent magnet on the other part
- F16C32/0438—Passive magnetic bearings with a conductor on one part movable with respect to a magnetic field, e.g. a body of copper on one part and a permanent magnet on the other part with a superconducting body, e.g. a body made of high temperature superconducting material such as YBaCuO
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
- Y10S505/876—Electrical generator or motor structure
- Y10S505/877—Rotary dynamoelectric type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a superconducting bearing device using a superconductor, which is used in, for example, a fluid machine or a machine tool that requires high-speed rotation, a power storage device that converts surplus power into kinetic energy of a flywheel and stores it. . Background art
- the rotating body (rotating shaft) 31 whose axis is perpendicular is provided concentrically on the rotating body 31 and both ends along the axial direction of the rotating body 31 are mutually separated. It comprises one annular permanent magnet 32 having the opposite polarity, and an annular superconductor 33 installed opposite to the surface facing the permanent magnet 32 at an interval in the direction of the rotation axis.
- the rotating body (rotating shaft) 31 whose axis is perpendicular is provided concentrically on the rotating body 31 and both ends along the axial direction of the rotating body 31 are mutually separated. It comprises one annular permanent magnet 32 having the opposite polarity, and an annular superconductor 33 installed opposite to the surface facing the permanent magnet 32 at an interval in the direction of the rotation axis.
- reference numeral 34 denotes a disk portion attached to the rotating body 31
- reference numeral 35 denotes a permanent magnet portion comprising an annular permanent magnet 32 and a disk portion 34
- reference numeral 36 denotes a superconductor 33.
- a superconducting portion composed of a superconductor 33 and a disc-shaped support 36, 38, a cooling case, 39, a temperature control unit, 4 0 indicates a refrigerator.
- an annular permanent magnet having an integral structure that can be used in a small bearing device is difficult to use in a larger bearing device because of its manufacturing and magnetization. There is a problem.
- rare-earth magnets are powerful magnets with large energy products, and among them, Nd-Fe-B magnets are currently known as the strongest rare-earth magnets.
- Nd-Fe-B magnets are currently known as the strongest rare-earth magnets.
- the large-diameter annular permanent magnet 32 is joined in the circumferential direction (the direction along the circumference) so that the plurality of magnets 41, 41, ... are annular. It is conceivable to configure by However, in such an annular permanent magnet 32, as shown in FIG. 42, the uniformity of the magnetic field in the rotational direction deteriorates at the joints of the magnets 41, 41,. However, there is a problem that rotational energy loss in the bearing increases. In the case of a ring-shaped permanent magnet integrally formed in a ring shape, there is the same problem as described above because magnetic flux unevenness is present in manufacturing. In addition, as shown in FIG.
- the present invention can reduce the magnetic flux unevenness in the circumferential direction (rotation direction) by the annular magnet, improve the uniformity of the surface magnetic flux density in the circumferential direction, and further increase the magnetic field strength by the annular magnet.
- a superconducting bearing device configured to include a superconductor section mounted on one of a rotating body section and a fixed body section and a magnet section mounted on the other.
- the superconductor portion is composed of a superconductor that levitates the magnet portion, and a support that supports the superconductor.
- the magnet portion includes an annular magnet having the axis of the rotating body portion concentric.
- a magnetic flux diffusion member is disposed on a surface of the annular magnet facing the superconducting portion.
- the superconducting bearing device according to claim 2 of the present application is arranged such that the annular magnet and the f superconductor portion face each other in the axial direction of the rotating body. Have been.
- the superconducting bearing device is arranged such that the annular magnet and the superconductor portion face each other in a radial direction of the rotating body.
- the superconducting bearing device is configured such that the annular magnet is formed by joining a plurality of permanent magnets in a circumferential direction.
- a superconducting bearing device is configured to include a superconductor portion attached to one of a rotating body portion and a fixed body portion, and a magnet portion attached to the other.
- the magnet unit includes a superconductor that levitates the magnet unit, and a support that supports the superconductor.
- the magnet unit includes an annular magnet whose axis is concentric with the rotating body unit.
- a superconducting bearing device in which the superconducting portion and the superconducting portion are installed facing each other with an interval therebetween, wherein the annular magnet is constituted by two annular magnets having different diameters adjacent to each other, The magnets are magnetized so that they face each other obliquely.
- a superconducting bearing device is configured to include a superconductor portion attached to one of a rotating body portion and a fixed body portion, and a magnet portion attached to the other.
- the magnet unit includes a superconductor that levitates the magnet unit, and a support that supports the superconductor.
- the magnet unit includes an annular magnet whose axis is concentric with the rotating body unit.
- a superconducting bearing device in which a superconducting portion and a superconducting portion are provided so as to face each other with an interval therebetween.
- the two sets of annular magnets are magnetized in a direction in which the directions of magnetic fluxes are oblique to each other, and a magnetic flux diffusion member is provided on a surface of the set of annular magnets facing the superconductor portion. Are arranged.
- the superconducting bearing device has a rotating body part and a fixed part.
- a superconductor portion attached to one of the body portions and a magnet portion attached to the other.
- the superconductor portion is configured to float the magnet portion, and a support for supporting the superconductor.
- the magnet unit is configured to include an annular magnet having the axis of the rotating body unit concentric with the annular unit, and the annular magnet and the superconductor unit are provided facing each other with a space therebetween.
- a magnetic flux diffusion member is provided on a surface of the annular magnet facing the superconductor portion, and a non-magnetic layer is provided between the annular magnet and the magnetic flux diffusion member.
- a superconducting bearing device is configured to include a superconductor portion attached to one of a rotating body portion and a fixed body portion, and a magnet portion attached to the other.
- the magnet unit includes a superconductor that levitates the magnet unit, and a support that supports the superconductor.
- the magnet unit includes an annular magnet whose axis is concentric with the rotating body unit.
- a magnetic resistance layer having a high magnetic resistance in a radial direction is provided in the magnetic flux diffusion member, and the magnetic flux diffusion member is provided with magnetic anisotropy.
- a superconducting bearing device is configured to include a superconductor portion mounted on one of a rotating body portion and a fixed body portion and a magnet portion mounted on the other, and the superconductor portion is A superconductor that levitates the magnet portion; and a support that supports the superconductor.
- the magnet portion includes an annular magnet having the axis of the rotating body portion concentric.
- a radial width of a surface of the annular magnet facing the superconducting portion is set to a pair with the annular magnet.
- the width of the surface of the superconductor portion is substantially equal to the width in the radial direction.
- the radial width of the back surface of the annular magnet is formed larger than the radial width of the front surface of the annular magnet.
- a groove extending in a circumferential direction is provided on a side of the annular magnet facing the superconductor portion.
- the superconducting bearing device is configured such that a plate member made of a magnetic material is provided on a surface of the annular magnet.
- a superconducting bearing device is configured to include a superconductor portion attached to one of a rotating body portion and a fixed body portion and a magnet portion attached to the other, and the superconductor portion is A superconductor that levitates the magnet portion; and a support that supports the superconductor.
- the magnet portion includes an annular magnet having the axis of the rotating body portion concentric.
- an annular magnet and the superconducting portion are provided facing each other with an interval, at least two or more annular magnets having different diameters and magnetized so that the same pole faces in the radial direction. Magnets are arranged, and an air layer or solid member is provided between adjacent annular magnets.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the superconducting bearing device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, as viewed in the direction of arrow I in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a bottom surface of a permanent magnet section as viewed from an arrow II in FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main part of a permanent magnet portion according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a rotation angle and a surface magnetic flux density according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a longitudinal sectional view of a permanent magnet portion showing a shim is shown.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a permanent magnet portion showing a shim according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a permanent magnet section according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of an annular permanent magnet according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of an annular permanent magnet according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of an annular permanent magnet according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of an annular permanent magnet according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram of a surface magnetic flux density of an annular permanent magnet according to a second example of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of an annular permanent magnet according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a permanent magnet portion according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a permanent magnet portion according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a permanent magnet according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of a permanent magnet according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view of a permanent magnet portion according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a permanent magnet portion showing a flow of a magnetic flux in a shim according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of a permanent magnet section and a superconductor section according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a characteristic diagram showing a surface magnetic flux density in the width direction of the annular permanent magnet according to the sixth example of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of a permanent magnet according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between a surface magnetic flux density and a shim thickness according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of a magnetic flux according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of a magnetic flux according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a distribution characteristic diagram of a surface magnetic flux density according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example of the permanent magnet section according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of a permanent magnet according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example of the permanent magnet portion according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example of the permanent magnet section according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a permanent magnet portion according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a characteristic diagram showing a surface magnetic flux density according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example of the permanent magnet portion according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a superconducting bearing device according to a eleventh embodiment of the present invention. 1 ⁇
- FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a superconducting bearing device according to a 12th embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a superconducting bearing device according to a conventional example.
- FIG. 38 is a view as viewed in the direction of arrow III in FIG. 38, showing the bottom surface of the permanent magnet portion according to the conventional example.
- a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between a rotation angle and a surface magnetic flux density is shown.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main part of the superconducting bearing device 1, and the superconducting bearing device 1 is provided in a housing (not shown). That is, a cooling case 2 supported and fixed to the housing is provided in the housing, and a disk-shaped support 3 is horizontally fixed on the cooling case 2, and a center of the disk of the support 3 is provided at the center. A through hole 3 a is provided to penetrate the support 3 and the cooling case 2.
- the support 3 is formed in a disk shape from copper. Also, in support 3 In the figure, a plurality of disc-shaped superconductors 4 are centered on the through holes 3a.
- the support 3 and the superconductor 4 constitute a superconductor section 5.
- the superconductor section 5 is provided on the fixed body section B, and the magnet section 8 described later is provided on the rotating body section A, respectively.
- the width of the superconductor 4 is set substantially equal to the width of the annular permanent magnet 11 (the distance along the radial direction of the rotating body 7).
- the superconductor 4 faces an annular permanent magnet 11 described later, and at a position where the magnetic flux from the annular permanent magnet 11 enters a predetermined amount, the distribution of the invading magnetic flux is changed by rotation of the rotating body 7 described later. It is located at a position that does not change and is spaced apart.
- a rotating body (rotating shaft in the embodiment) 7 is disposed in the housing in a vertical direction, a lower end is inserted into the through hole 3a, and a magnet portion (a permanent magnet in the embodiment) is provided at the upper end. 8) are provided.
- the magnet section 8 is fixed to the rotating body 7 to form the rotating body section A.
- the magnet portion 8 is composed of a flat disc-shaped disc portion 9, an annular permanent magnet 11 and a shim (plate material) 13.
- the disk part 9 is formed of, for example, copper, and is attached to the rotating body 7 so as to be horizontally and integrally rotatable so as to face the disk-shaped support body 3.
- An annular concave groove 10 is formed on the lower surface of the disk portion 9 concentrically with the axis of the rotating body 7, and an annular permanent magnet 11 is disposed in the concave groove 1 ⁇ . Fixed.
- the annular permanent magnet 11 is formed by sequentially joining a plurality of (in this embodiment, eight divided) magnets 12, 12,... In a circumferential direction (a direction along the circumference).
- each magnet .. Are formed by Pr magnets.
- a shim 13 formed of a thin plate in an annular shape is provided on a surface (a lower surface in the figure) of the annular permanent magnet 11 facing the superconductor section 5. It is fitted and fixed in the concave groove 10 so as to cover the facing surface.
- the shim 13 is a magnetic flux diffusing member, which is formed of soft iron in the present embodiment, and has a function of diffusing the magnetic flux so that the magnetic flux from the annular permanent magnet 11 becomes uniform.
- the thickness of the shim 13 is, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the width b in the radial direction (radial direction) of the annular permanent magnet 11 shown in FIG. In 20 to 30 mm, it is formed to about 0.5 mm.
- the width W of the shim 13 is set to be at least equal to or larger than the width b of the annular permanent magnet 11.
- Figure 5 shows the characteristics of the magnetic flux density on the surface of shim 13 when the width is set to the same value.
- reference numeral 14 denotes a refrigerator for cooling the cooling case 2 in the housing
- reference numeral 15 denotes a temperature control unit for controlling the temperature of the refrigerator 14.
- superconductor 4 is cooled by the circulating refrigerant in cooling case 2 and is maintained in a superconducting state.
- the magnetic flux from the annular permanent magnet 11 of the rotating body 7 penetrates into the superconductor 4, and inside the superconductor 4, the magnetic flux penetrating into the superconductor 4 due to uniformly mixed normal conductor particles The distribution becomes constant, and the rotating body 7 is restrained by the superconductor 4 together with the annular permanent magnet 11 1 as if the annular permanent magnet 11 of the rotating body 7 penetrated the virtual pin standing on the superconductor 4.
- the annular permanent magnet 11 floats and rotates.
- the annular permanent magnet 11 is formed by joining a plurality of magnets 12, 12,..., But the soft iron shim 13 faces the superconducting portion 5 of the annular permanent magnet 11.
- the large magnetic flux unevenness generated at the joint between the magnets 12, 12,... Adjacent in the circumferential direction, that is, the drop of the magnetic flux density is greatly reduced.
- the magnetic permeability of the shim 13 is high and has no directionality, the magnetic flux in the shim 13 is appropriately dispersed in the plane, and as shown in FIG.
- the fluctuation of the magnetic flux density can be greatly reduced, and as a result, the rotational energy loss of the rotating body can be reduced.
- the ring-shaped permanent magnet 11 is formed by joining a plurality of magnets 12, 12,.... Even when the ring-shaped permanent magnet 11 is integrally formed, magnetic flux unevenness occurs in manufacturing.
- the case of the integral annular permanent magnet 11 is also suitable for reducing the circumferential magnetic flux unevenness.
- the thickness of the shim 13 is preferably about 0.5 mni, for example, when the required level of uniformity is within ⁇ 100 G, as shown in FIG. .
- the radial width W of the shim 13 was set to be at least equal to or greater than the width b of the annular permanent magnet 11, but as shown in FIG.
- the width W of the annular permanent magnet 11 may be made smaller than the width b of the annular permanent magnet 11 (W ⁇ b), or the width W of the shim 13 may be made larger than the width b of the annular permanent magnet 11 (W > b) is also possible.
- the width W of the shim 13 shown in Fig. 7 is reduced (W ⁇ b)
- the uniformity of the magnetic flux of the magnet part without the shim 13 decreases.
- the magnetic flux of the magnet portion where the shim 13 exists is uniform in the circumferential direction.
- the magnetic flux concentrates on the shim 13, so that the gradient of the entire magnetic flux in the radial direction is large, and the loading force is improved.
- the width W of the shim 13 is increased (W> b)
- the gradient of the magnetic flux in the radial direction decreases slightly, but the magnetic flux of the magnet part in the circumferential direction decreases. Uniformity is ensured, and there is no particular problem in performance.
- annular magnets 11 A and 11 B having different diameters are arranged adjacent to each other on the disc portion 9. It is provided.
- FIG. 9 shows a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of the permanent magnet portion 8.
- annular magnets 11 and 11 B are arranged concentrically and are adjacent to each other. It is provided.
- Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 1 Reference numeral 2 denotes a longitudinal sectional shape of both the ring magnets 11A and 11B.
- the annular magnets 11 A and 11 B shown in FIG. 10 each have a diamond-shaped vertical cross-section, and the annular magnets 11 A and 1 IB shown in FIG. 11 each have a square vertical cross-section.
- the annular magnets 11A and 11B shown in FIG. 12 each have a pentagonal longitudinal cross-section and are disposed in surface contact with each other.
- the magnetization directions (directions of magnetic flux) of these two annular magnets 11 A and 11 B are obliquely outward with the inner annular magnet 11 A, as indicated by the arrows in the respective figures.
- the annular magnet 11B on the outer peripheral side is provided so as to face diagonally inward. That is, the pair of annular magnets 11A and 11B are magnetized so that the directions of the magnetic fluxes obliquely collide with each other and the magnetic density increases.
- FIG. 12 The magnetic flux acting on the superconductor 4 from the pair of annular magnets 11A and 11B is indicated by arrows in Fig. 13 because the pair of annular magnets 11A and 11B are magnetized in an oblique direction.
- the magnetic fluxes from each of the ring magnets 11A and 11B collide obliquely with each other, and both magnetic fluxes repel each other. Is concentrated, and the magnetic flux density at the interface between both annular magnets 11 A and 11 B is greatly increased. As a result, as shown in FIG.
- the pair of annular magnets 11 A and 11 B The magnetic flux density in the width direction W of the exposed surface is greatly increased, and the gradient of the magnetic flux density in the magnet width direction, that is, in the radial direction is also increased, so that a large loading force can be obtained.
- the inner surface and the outer surface of the surface facing the conductor 4 are orthogonal to the superconductor 4.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 show a pair of annular magnets 11A, 11B and 21A, 21B provided concentrically and multiplexed. Also in this case, the ring magnets 11A, 11B and 21A, 21B of each set are magnetized so that the magnetic flux directions are oblique to each other, and both magnetic fluxes are concentrated. A larger loading force can be obtained.
- the magnetic poles on both exposed surfaces of the adjacent pairs of annular magnets 11A, 11B and 21A, 21B are in the same direction as shown in Fig. 16. It is also possible to use magnetic poles having different directions, as shown in FIG.
- each of the sets of annular magnets shown in FIGS. 9 to 13, FIG. 16, and FIG. 17 described above may be annular magnets each having an integral structure.
- a pair of annular magnets 11 A and 11 B are provided so that the magnetization directions face each other obliquely.
- These annular magnets 11A and 11B are configured by connecting a plurality of magnets 12 in the circumferential direction, and the facing surfaces (superconductors) that are the exposed surfaces of both annular magnets 11A and 1IB On the surface facing 4), a soft iron shim 13 formed in a single annular plate was provided.
- the third embodiment is a combination of the first and second embodiments.
- a large magnetic field strength can be obtained by the concentration of the magnetic flux, so that the loading force can be increased, and at the same time, a large diameter A large bearing device can be configured.
- the drop in the magnetic field strength between adjacent magnets is greatly reduced by the shim, and the circumferential magnetic field strength of the ring magnet can be made uniform. It is suitable for large systems.
- the present embodiment can be applied to a case where ring magnets are multiplexed concentrically, which is advantageous for a large-sized system.
- a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the superconducting bearing device 1 of the present embodiment has an annular permanent magnet 11 and a shim 13 firmly fixed to a rotating body 7.
- the ring-shaped permanent magnet 11 and the shim 13 are fixed to the disk portion 9 with an adhesive or the like, but the rotation speed of the rotating body 7 is sometimes as high as several thousands to tens of thousands of rotations per minute. However, there is a risk that the shim 13 will come off during such high-speed rotation. Therefore, in this embodiment, the width of the shim 13 is formed to be larger than the width of the annular permanent magnet 11, and the shim 13 and the annular permanent magnet 11 are disc-shaped by a mechanical method using screws 23. It is fixed at 9. When mounting with screws 23, a holding plate 24 made of a non-magnetic material is used.
- a step is formed at the end of the front surface of the shim 13 facing the superconductor 4, and a step that engages with the step of the shim 13 is formed on the holding plate 24.
- the shim 13 does not come off the disk 9 due to the engagement by the step. 1 ⁇
- the superconducting bearing device 1 of the present embodiment has a plurality of annular permanent magnets 11 having different diameters arranged on a disc portion 9, and the annular permanent magnet 1 1 and 11 are obtained by applying the fixing structure of the fourth embodiment.
- a non-magnetic material is interposed between the shim 13 and the adjacent annular permanent magnets 11 and 11 to form a magnetic member formed by the shim 13.
- the magnetic flux acting on the superconductor 4 from the shim 13 of each of the ring-shaped permanent magnets 11 is increased.
- each shim 13 is mechanically fixed to the disk portion 9 by a screw 23 via a holding plate 24, and the holding plate 24 is formed of a non-magnetic material. Therefore, the magnetic path between the adjacent shims 13 is cut off by the presser plate 24 interposed between the adjacent annular permanent magnets 11, and as a result, the 9
- the amount of magnetic flux to be used increases, so that the superconducting bearing device can be applied to a large system.
- the width of the shim 13 is larger than the width of the annular permanent magnet 11 has been described as an example, but in order to increase the magnetic flux gradient, the width of the shim 13 is changed to the annular permanent magnet. A structure smaller than the width of 11 is also possible.
- a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 22, by providing a non-magnetic layer between the annular permanent magnet 11 and the shim 13, the uniformity of the surface magnetic flux density in the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet portion 8 is improved. Is further improved.
- the non-magnetic layer is practically less than a few millimeters, and may be made of resin, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, or the like in addition to air. If the shim 13 can be mounted only in a particularly thin one, a non-magnetic layer may be provided by plating or the like.
- a magnetic flux diffusing member is provided on the surface of the ring magnet facing the superconductor portion, and the magnetic flux diffusing member is provided with magnetic anisotropy.
- the magnetic anisotropy of the magnetic flux diffusion member means that the magnetic performance changes depending on the direction.
- the shim 13 is provided with magnetic anisotropy. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 24, the magnetic resistance in the radial direction is increased inside the shim 13. To improve the uniformity of the magnetic flux density in the circumferential direction. ⁇
- the shim 13 As described above, by installing the shim 13 on the surface of the annular permanent magnet 11, it is possible to achieve a uniform magnetic flux density in the circumferential direction, and by further increasing the thickness of the shim 13, a more uniform layer can be obtained. Can be improved. However, if the shim 13 is made thicker, the surface magnetic flux density decreases as shown by the characteristic I in FIG. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 24, by providing the shim 13 with magnetic anisotropy, that is, in this example, by providing the non-magnetic layer 25 for increasing the magnetic resistance in the radial direction of the shim 13, This is to make it possible to prevent a decrease in the surface magnetic flux density while improving the uniformity of the magnetic flux density in the directions.
- 11 indicates an annular permanent magnet
- 13 indicates a shim.
- the nonmagnetic layer 25 is interposed at regular intervals in the radial direction of the shim 13.
- Each non-magnetic layer 25 is made of a non-magnetic material such as resin, aluminum, and air.
- six non-magnetic layers are provided in a ring shape. The ring has become.
- d is the division width of the shim 13
- e is the width of the nonmagnetic layer 25.
- the shim 13 is made of a magnetic material having a magnetic permeability of 100 or more.
- the magnetic permeability of the nonmagnetic layer is usually about 1
- the magnetic permeability of the nonmagnetic layer is higher than that of the shim 13. Extremely low, the flow of magnetic flux in the radial direction inside the shim 13 is extremely poor. As a result, the magnetic flux from the annular permanent magnet 11 easily flows in the shim 13 in the circumferential direction, but hardly flows in the radial direction, and the amount of magnetic flux emerging from the shim 13 to the surface increases. In other words, compared to the case where there is no shim 13 on the surface of the annular permanent magnet 11, when there is the shim 13, as shown in FIG.
- the magnetic flux from the N pole of the annular permanent magnet 11 is Since the magnetic flux flows through the shim 13 and returns to the S pole, the magnetic flux emerging on the surface of the shim 13 is smaller than that without the shim 13. This is because the magnetic flux easily flows in the shim 13 in the radial direction.
- Fig. 27 shows the case where there is no shim 13 (characteristic F), the case where the shim 13 without the nonmagnetic layer 25 is provided (characteristic G), and the case where the shim 13 with the nonmagnetic layer 25 is provided. (Characteristic H) shows the surface magnetic flux distribution on the E-plane, which is the surface of the shim 13.
- the non-magnetic layer 25 provided on the shim 13 does not have to be provided so as to divide the shim 13 in the radial direction, as shown in FIG. 28. Even if the nonmagnetic layer 26 is provided so as to have a comb-shaped cross section except for a part, the same effect as in the above case can be sufficiently exerted. In this case, the magnetic flux flows through the shim 13 near the annular permanent magnet 11, but since the shim 13 saturates, a part of the magnetic flux flows, and most of the magnetic flux exits the surface of the shim 13. Will be.
- the number of the non-magnetic layers 25 and the ratio of the dimensions of the cut width e of the shim 13 to the width d of the non-magnetic layer 25 are arbitrarily determined depending on the shape of the annular permanent magnet 11 and the like. It is possible to set.
- the six nonmagnetic layers and shims shown in the examples were provided so as to be equally divided into the sixteen layers, but the ratio of these nonmagnetic layers and shims was changed in the radial direction. Is also good.
- an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the cross-sectional shape of the annular permanent magnet 11 is varied to improve the surface magnetic flux density.
- the annular magnet is formed such that the radial width of the surface of the annular magnet facing the superconductor is substantially equal to the radial width of the surface of the superconductor facing the annular magnet.
- the radial width of the back surface of the annular magnet is formed larger than the radial width of the front surface of the annular magnet.
- the width on the surface side of the annular permanent magnet 11 is substantially the same as the width of the superconductor 4 as described above.
- the rear surface, that is, the surface on the opposite side of the annular permanent magnet 11 is formed to be large in the circumferential direction. As a result, the magnetic flux from the annular permanent magnet 11 is concentrated from the back side to the front side, and the surface magnetic flux density is greatly improved.
- the one shown in FIG. 30 has a cross-sectional structure in which undulations are provided in the radial direction on the surface of an annular permanent magnet 11 having the shape shown in FIG.
- three grooves 28 having a triangular cross section are provided in the circumferential direction, and therefore, on the surface of the annular permanent magnet 11, four peaks which are continuous in the circumferential direction and have different diameters are provided. Are formed. Also in this case, since the magnetic flux concentrates on the surface of the magnet, the same effect that the surface magnetic flux density is greatly improved can be obtained.
- the number of undulations and the shape of the mountain can be set arbitrarily.
- the one shown in FIG. 31 is one in which a shim 13 made of a magnetic material is installed on the surface of an annular permanent magnet 11 having the shape shown in FIG.
- a shim 13 made of a magnetic material is installed on the surface of an annular permanent magnet 11 having the shape shown in FIG.
- annular permanent magnet 11 Although the case where one annular permanent magnet 11 is used has been described in FIGS. 29, 30 and 31 above, the annular permanent magnet 11 The same effect can be exerted even if is multi-layered.
- the magnetic field strength is improved in the case where the annular permanent magnets 11 and 11 adjacent to each other and magnetized in the radial direction are used. That is, as shown in Fig. 32, annular permanent magnets 11 and 11 having different diameters and being magnetized in the radial direction are arranged, and a soft magnetic material is provided between the two annular permanent magnets 11 and 1. It has a structure in which a magnetic ring 13 A composed of Also, the inner permanent magnet 11 and the outer permanent magnet 11 face each other at the same polarity with the magnetic ring 13 A interposed therebetween.
- each annular permanent magnet 11 passes through the magnetic ring 13A as shown by the arrow in FIG. Appear on the surface of 1 and return to the S pole of each annular permanent magnet 1 1. At this time, the magnetic flux from each annular permanent magnet 11 is constricted by the magnetic ring 13A, so that the magnetic flux density on the surface of the annular permanent magnet 11 is greatly increased.
- the magnetic flux density increases near the surface of the magnetic ring 13A.
- Magnetic The size and width of the peak of the flux density can be arbitrarily varied by changing the radial width of the magnetic ring.
- the magnetic ring 13A can uniform the magnetic flux in the circumferential direction. It can fulfill the role of a sim.
- the thickness of the magnetic ring 13A of this embodiment can be made substantially the same as that of the annular permanent magnet 11, so that the uniformity of the magnetic flux in the circumferential direction can be significantly improved. Can be.
- the magnetic poles of the annular permanent magnets 11 and 11 adjacent via the magnetic ring 13 A are the same, the repulsion between the annular permanent magnets 11 and 11 is extremely weakened, and Even in the case of assembling using the annular permanent magnet 11, the assembling can be easily performed.
- the superconducting bearing device 1 is of a type that receives all of the load of the rotating body 7 in the axial direction, but the superconducting bearing device 1 of the present embodiment has, as shown in FIG.
- the annular permanent magnet 11 and the superconductor 4 are arranged so as to face each other in the radial direction of the rotating body 7.
- the annular permanent magnet 11 and the superconductor 4 are arranged so as to face each other in the radial direction of the rotating body 7 so that the annular permanent magnet 11 and the superconductor 4 are arranged in the axial direction of the rotating body 7.
- the superconducting bearing device 1 can have a flat structure as a whole even when it cannot be performed. Also supports rotating body 7 around As a result, the rotation of the rotating body 7 and the eccentric rotation can be reliably avoided.
- the annular permanent magnet 11 is not limited to a single ring, and may have a structure in which a plurality of ring-shaped permanent magnets are arranged concentrically.
- the annular permanent magnet 11 and the superconductor 4 are disposed so as to have a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of the rotating body 7 and face the superconductor 4.
- the supporting force in the radial direction and the axial direction of the rotating body 7 can be shared by at least one set of the annular permanent magnet 11 and the superconductor 4.
- an annular permanent magnet 11 is provided at the lower corner of the disk portion 9, and is inclined at approximately 45 ° with respect to the axis of the rotating body 7 to face each other.
- the superconductor 4 is provided in the housing 2 so as to perform the same.
- the annular permanent magnets 11 are not limited to a single layer, and may have a structure in which a plurality of annular permanent magnets are arranged concentrically.
- a description will be given of a 12th embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, in order to further improve the stability of the superconducting bearing device 1 as a bearing, the supporting force in both the axial direction and the circumferential direction is increased by using an annular permanent magnet together. .
- annular permanent magnets 11 and 11 are arranged adjacent to each other, and the same poles of the adjacent annular permanent magnets 11 and 11 are further arranged.
- a superconductor 4A and a superconductor 4B facing each other in the radial direction and the axial direction are arranged with respect to these annular permanent magnets 11 and 11, respectively.
- the arrangement of the plurality of annular permanent magnets 11 and 11 has an arrangement structure as shown in FIGS. 32 and 34 described above, and the annular permanent magnet 1 facing the superconductor 4A in the radial direction.
- a shim 13 is provided on the surface of 1, and the above-described magnetic ring 13 A is interposed between both annular permanent magnets 11.
- a radial bearing is composed of the superconductor 4 A, the shim 13, and the annular permanent magnet 11 that face in the radial direction, and the superconductor 4 B, the annular permanent magnet 11, and the magnetic ring 1 3 that face in the axial direction A constitutes a thrust bearing, and the annular permanent magnets 11 and 11 can be used for both bearings.
- the number of parts can be reduced, and the supporting force in both the axial direction and the circumferential direction is increased, so that the rotating body 7 is prevented from tilting or eccentric rotation. Demonstrates excellent effect on loading capacity. This makes it possible to realize a superconducting bearing device suitable for a large system.
- the superconducting bearing device has been described with respect to the structure in which the superconductor portion 5 is provided in the fixed body portion B and the magnet portion 8 is provided in the rotating body portion A, respectively.
- the present invention conversely, even when the superconductor section 5 is provided on the rotating body section A and the magnet section 8 is provided on the fixed body section B, the same operation and effect can be obtained.
- only an example in which a Pr magnet is used as a magnet is shown.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and it is needless to say that all other permanent magnets can be used.
- fluid machines and machine tools that require high-speed rotation, power storage devices that convert surplus power into flywheel kinetic energy and store the power, and in particular, a load force are required. It can be applied to large systems.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93904296A EP0629789A4 (en) | 1992-02-14 | 1993-02-10 | SUPERCONDUCTIVE BEARINGS. |
| US08/284,680 US5525849A (en) | 1992-02-14 | 1993-02-10 | Superconducting bearing |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4/27587 | 1992-02-14 | ||
| JP2758792 | 1992-02-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1993016294A1 true WO1993016294A1 (fr) | 1993-08-19 |
Family
ID=12225089
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1993/000172 Ceased WO1993016294A1 (fr) | 1992-02-14 | 1993-02-10 | Palier supraconducteur |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5525849A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0629789A4 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1993016294A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5747426A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-05-05 | Commonwealth Research Corporation | High performance magnetic bearing systems using high temperature superconductors |
| US5763971A (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1998-06-09 | Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. | Superconducting bearing device |
| DE10104698A1 (de) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-08 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Magnetisches Traglager sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Traglagers |
| TWI494514B (zh) * | 2012-05-04 | 2015-08-01 | 中原大學 | 軸向被動式磁浮軸承系統 |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3961032B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-13 | 2007-08-15 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 回転子軸の磁気軸受装置 |
| JP3675010B2 (ja) * | 1995-02-17 | 2005-07-27 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 超電導軸受装置 |
| US6416215B1 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 2002-07-09 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Pumping or mixing system using a levitating magnetic element |
| US6758593B1 (en) * | 2000-10-09 | 2004-07-06 | Levtech, Inc. | Pumping or mixing system using a levitating magnetic element, related system components, and related methods |
| AU2001259283A1 (en) * | 2000-05-01 | 2001-11-12 | Indigo Energy, Inc. | Full levitation bearing system with improved passive radial magnetic bearings |
| US6703735B1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2004-03-09 | Indigo Energy, Inc. | Active magnetic thrust bearing |
| US7466051B2 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2008-12-16 | Kazuyuki Demachi | Superconducting magnetic bearing |
| DE10333733A1 (de) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-02-24 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Magnetisches Lagerelement |
| JP2006204085A (ja) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-08-03 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | アキシャルギャップ型超電導モータ |
| RU2314443C1 (ru) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-10 | Реваз Иванович Квеладзе | Подшипник на магнитной подвеске |
| US7679247B2 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2010-03-16 | Beacon Power Corporation | Lift magnet mechanism for flywheel power storage systems |
| KR100920103B1 (ko) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-10-01 | 한국전력공사 | 외륜형 고온초전도 저널 베어링 |
| JP2009171699A (ja) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-30 | Aisan Ind Co Ltd | モータ |
| US20100331974A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-30 | Schaper Jr Dale Thomas | Intraocular Kinetic Power Generator |
| PH12012500844A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2017-08-23 | Oceana Energy Co | Energy conversion systems and methods |
| FR2986576B1 (fr) * | 2012-02-06 | 2014-01-24 | Converteam Technology Ltd | Hydrolienne comprenant un stator, un rotor, un premier palier magnetique de soutien du rotor et un deuxieme palier de soutien avec element(s) roulant(s) |
| KR101523347B1 (ko) * | 2014-07-02 | 2015-08-20 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 전 방향 전단파 전자기 음향 트랜스듀서 |
| CN104763746B (zh) * | 2015-04-09 | 2017-05-10 | 东晶电子金华有限公司 | 一种低温超导飞轮用变间隙支承结构 |
| KR101716430B1 (ko) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-03-15 | 최기현 | 비행체 |
| CN106763182B (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2019-03-26 | 四川宏华电气有限责任公司 | 一种大承载力永磁悬浮轴承结构 |
| DE112019007219T5 (de) * | 2019-04-18 | 2021-12-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Steuerungseinrichtung für eine rotierende elektrische Maschine, sowie Antriebssystem |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5239046A (en) * | 1975-09-25 | 1977-03-26 | Hitachi Ltd | A permanent magnet opposed type magnetic bearing |
| JPS52106047A (en) * | 1976-03-03 | 1977-09-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Magnetic bearing unit |
| JPS5797917A (en) * | 1980-12-05 | 1982-06-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Magnetic bearing |
| JPS6275124A (ja) * | 1985-09-30 | 1987-04-07 | Toshiba Corp | 磁気軸受装置 |
| JPS63293320A (ja) * | 1987-05-27 | 1988-11-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 磁気軸受装置 |
| JPH01104430U (ja) * | 1988-01-05 | 1989-07-14 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5126317A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1992-06-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Bearing system employing a superconductor element |
| JP2992578B2 (ja) * | 1990-07-08 | 1999-12-20 | 小山 央二 | エネルギー貯蔵装置 |
| US5330967A (en) * | 1990-07-17 | 1994-07-19 | Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. | Superconducting bearing device stabilized by trapped flux |
| US5177387A (en) * | 1990-12-04 | 1993-01-05 | University Of Houston-University Park | High temperature superconducting magnetic bearings |
| JP2547287B2 (ja) * | 1991-07-30 | 1996-10-23 | 株式会社四国総合研究所 | 超電導軸受装置 |
| US5196748A (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1993-03-23 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Laminated magnetic structure for superconducting bearings |
| US5270601A (en) * | 1991-10-17 | 1993-12-14 | Allied-Signal, Inc. | Superconducting composite magnetic bearings |
| US5389909A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1995-02-14 | General Electric Company | Open architecture magnetic resonance imaging passively shimmed superconducting magnet assembly |
-
1993
- 1993-02-10 EP EP93904296A patent/EP0629789A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-02-10 WO PCT/JP1993/000172 patent/WO1993016294A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 1993-02-10 US US08/284,680 patent/US5525849A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5239046A (en) * | 1975-09-25 | 1977-03-26 | Hitachi Ltd | A permanent magnet opposed type magnetic bearing |
| JPS52106047A (en) * | 1976-03-03 | 1977-09-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Magnetic bearing unit |
| JPS5797917A (en) * | 1980-12-05 | 1982-06-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Magnetic bearing |
| JPS6275124A (ja) * | 1985-09-30 | 1987-04-07 | Toshiba Corp | 磁気軸受装置 |
| JPS63293320A (ja) * | 1987-05-27 | 1988-11-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 磁気軸受装置 |
| JPH01104430U (ja) * | 1988-01-05 | 1989-07-14 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP0629789A4 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5763971A (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1998-06-09 | Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. | Superconducting bearing device |
| US5747426A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-05-05 | Commonwealth Research Corporation | High performance magnetic bearing systems using high temperature superconductors |
| DE10104698A1 (de) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-08 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Magnetisches Traglager sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Traglagers |
| DE10104698B4 (de) * | 2001-02-02 | 2010-04-01 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Magnetisches Traglager sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Traglagers |
| TWI494514B (zh) * | 2012-05-04 | 2015-08-01 | 中原大學 | 軸向被動式磁浮軸承系統 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5525849A (en) | 1996-06-11 |
| EP0629789A4 (en) | 1996-04-10 |
| EP0629789A1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO1993016294A1 (fr) | Palier supraconducteur | |
| US6175175B1 (en) | Levitation pressure and friction losses in superconducting bearings | |
| EP0467341B1 (en) | Superconducting bearing device | |
| US5710469A (en) | Magnetic bearing element for a rotor shaft using high-TC superconducting materials | |
| WO1995020264A1 (en) | Magnetic levitation device | |
| JP2547287B2 (ja) | 超電導軸受装置 | |
| JPH0737812B2 (ja) | 超電導軸受装置 | |
| US4332079A (en) | Method of making rotor rectangularly shaped tongues | |
| US5838082A (en) | Superconducting bearing device | |
| JP3554070B2 (ja) | 超電導磁気軸受装置 | |
| JP3397823B2 (ja) | 超電導軸受装置 | |
| JPH08177856A (ja) | 超電導軸受装置 | |
| JP4756120B2 (ja) | 超電導磁気軸受 | |
| JP3177847B2 (ja) | 超電導軸受装置 | |
| JP3616856B2 (ja) | 軸受装置 | |
| JP3236925B2 (ja) | 超伝導軸受装置 | |
| JPH062646A (ja) | 超電導浮上型回転装置 | |
| JPH11257354A (ja) | 磁気軸受用回転子および超伝導磁気軸受 | |
| JP3270860B2 (ja) | 超電導軸受装置 | |
| JP3122772B2 (ja) | 超電導軸受装置 | |
| JPH07327338A (ja) | 超電導浮上型回転装置 | |
| JPH0751971B2 (ja) | 軸受装置 | |
| JP3174876B2 (ja) | 超電導軸受装置 | |
| JPH08296647A (ja) | 軸受装置 | |
| JPH05180226A (ja) | 超電導軸受装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): US |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
| DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1993904296 Country of ref document: EP Ref document number: 08284680 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1993904296 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1993904296 Country of ref document: EP |