WO1994019026A1

WO1994019026A1 - 5-ht1a ligands

Info

Publication number: WO1994019026A1
Application number: PCT/GB1994/000324
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ian Anthony Cliffe; Allan Fletcher; Alan Chapman White
Original assignee: John Wyeth and Brother Ltd
Current assignee: John Wyeth and Brother Ltd
Priority date: 1993-02-26
Filing date: 1994-02-17
Publication date: 1994-09-01
Anticipated expiration: 1995-08-26
Also published as: US6056942A; DK0686047T3; AU6009694A; ES2141819T3; ATE188614T1; EP0686047B1; MX9401415A; DE69422611D1; EP0686047A1; GR3032479T3; DE69422611T2; PT686047E; GB9303968D0

Abstract

Selective 5-HT1A-antagonists radiolabelled with ?3H or 11¿C are radiolabelled ligands useful, for example, in pharmacological screening procedures and in positron emission tomography (PET) studies.

Description

5-HTIA ligands

This invention relates to certain 5-HT J A ligands which are radiolabelled with →^li or He.

We have found that certain compounds which are 5-HTι A ligands having specified characteristics can be labelled with with -1H or lC to give radiolabelled ligands making them particularly useful in, for example, pharmacological screening procedures or in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. The 5-HT IA ligands that are suitable for such radiolabelling are selective 5-HTι A antagonists. By the term "selective 5-HT JA antagonists" are meant compounds which:

(1) are highly potent ligands at the 5-HTι _ site having an IC50 value of 50nM or less (as determined by procedure A below).

(2) are at least 25 fold selective in terms of their IC50 values for the 5-HTι A site compared with their IC50 values for other major monoamine receptor sites in the CNS (as determined by procedure B below).

(3) act as antagonists but not agonists in pharmacological models of 5-HT \ - receptor function (as determined by procedure C(a) or C(b) below).

Procedure (A)

The compounds are tested for the 5-HTι A binding properties by measuring their ability to displace [3H]-8-OH-DPAT from the 5-HTι A receptor in rat hippocampal membranes according to the procedure of B.S. Alexander and M.D. Wood, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1988 4Q, 888-891. A compound is regarded as highly potent in this procedure if it has an IC50 of 50nM or less.

Procedure (B)

The affinity of the compounds for D2 receptor sites is determined by the procedure of P. Seeman et al.. J. Neurochem.. 1984, 43, 221-235.

The affinity of the compound for \ sites is determined by the procedure of A.L. Morrow et al.. Mol. Pharmacol.. 1986, 29, 321. The affinity of the compound for 5-HT2A sites -^s determined by the procedure of R.A. Lyon et al., Mol. Pharmacol.. 1987. 3 L 194-199. (The 5-HT₂A site was previously known as the 5-HT2 site).

A compound is regarded as being 25 fold selective if the IC50 value for each of the D2, O-i and.5-HT2A sites as determined above is at least 25 times the IC5Q. alue for the 5-HT ι A site as determined in Procedure (A). Preferably the compound should be 50 fold selective.

In addition to showing selectivity over the D2, o.\ and -HT2A sites it is also preferable that the compound is 25 fold selective (preferably 50 fold selective) over one or more of the 5-HTiβ, 5-HT2G 5-HTι 5-HT3, 0.2, β and Dj sites. The affinity for these sites is determined by the following procedures.

5-HT_1B: B.J. Alexander et al., Br. J. Pharmac, 1986, 87, P 22.

5-HT₂c: B.J. Alexander et al, Br. J. Pharmac, 1986, 87, P 22. (The 5-HT c site was previously known as the 5-HTιc ite).

5-HT- ι^*). C. Waeber et al., Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol.. 1988,

337, 595-601.

5-HT3: N.M. Barnes et al.. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1988, 40. 548-551.

0-2: D.J. Loftus et al.. Life Sciences, 1984, 34, 61-69.

β: L.T. Williams and R. J. Lefkowitz (1987) Receptor binding studies in adrenergic pharmacology, Raven Press, New York.

D - : V Billard et al.. Life Sciences, 1984, 35, 1885-1893.

Procedure (C)

This procedure determines whether a compound that has 5-HT \ - binding activity (as determined by procedure (A) possesses agonist and/or antagonist activity. Brain 5- HT] A receptors exist as two populations in the brain i.e. postsynaptic 5-HTJ A receptors and presynaptic somatodendritic 5-HT J receptors. The presynaptic receptors are particularly sensitive to the agonist properties of 5-HT ^* A receptor ligands and are activated by compounds designated partial agonists', which function as antagonists at the postsynaptic receptor "Partial agonists' dose-dependently activate presynaptic receptors but ' antagonists' do not display significant agonist activity in models of either postsynaptic or presynaptic 5-HTι A receptor function but act as antagonists in both types of model The activation of presynaptic 5-HT J receptors results in the inhibition of serotonin neurones which can be quantified in two ways -

(a) Electrophysiologically monitoring the activity of the neurones to measure their firing rate by the method of H.J. Haigler and G.K. Aghajanian, J Pharmacol. Exp

Therap., 1974, 188. 688. An intravenous ID50 dose is determined The agonist. 8-OH- DPAT, has an ID50 value of 1.9 μg/kg IV Antagonists are those compounds which meet criteria ( 1) and (2) above, which do not induce a 50% reduction in neuronal firing rate below a dose of 500 μg/kg iv and which significantly (p <0 05) increase the ID50 of the agonist 8-OH-DPAT

(b) Studying the effect on 5-HT release in the hippocampus using in vivo microdialysis according to the method of C. Routledge, J Gurling. I K Wright and

C T. Douπsh, Eur J. Pharmacol. 239, 195-202, 107, 5P. Agonists and partial agonists significantly reduce 5-HT release following subcutaneous administration, whereas antagonists do not significantly decrease 5-HT release but antagonise the decreased release induced by 8-OH-DPAT

The present invention provides a selective 5-HTι A-antagonist (as hereinbefore defined) radio labelled with ^H or 1 lC

Examples ot suitable 5-HTι A-antagonists which may be radiolabelled are described, for example, in GB-A-2255337, GB-A-2230780, GB-A-2230781 and GB-2248836 Particularly preferred compounds are

(a) N-(2-( 1 -(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)pιperazιnyl))ethyl)- N-(2- pyndιnyl)cyclohexanecarboxamιde and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts The compound has an IC50 value of 2.2nM according to procedure (A) In procedure (B) the percentage inhibition of binding by the compound at 10^~ 6M was <50% at the following sites -

5-HTiβ, 5-HT2C* 5-HTiD, 5-HT₂A- V-2- β, Dl - and D2 (an inhibition of <50% at 10- 6M means that the binding affinitv is verv low) Its binding affin at oq . sites was 230 nM In procedure (Ca) the compound does not induce 50% inhibition ot tiring up to doses of 600 μg/kg iv. It significantly (p<0.05) increases the ID50 of 8-OH-DPAT. In procedure (Cb), the compound at 1 mg/kg s.c. did not significantly reduce 5-HT release in the hippocampus, indicating a lack of presynaptic 5-HT J A receptor agonist activity. Pretreatment with compound (a) (at 0.1 - 1 mg/kg S.C) completely blocked the 8-OH- DPAT-induced decrease in 5-HT release demonstrating that the compound is an antagonist at the somatodendritic 5-HT JA autoreceptor. Compound (a) is termed hereinafter WAY- 100635.

(b) N-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl]-2-phenylpropanamide. its (+)- enantiomer and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. In procedure (A) the IC50 value for the racemate is 34 nM and that of the (- )-enantiomer is 15.5 nM. In procedure (B) the percentage inhibition of binding by the racemate and its (+)- enantiomer at 10-6M was as follows:-

% inhibition

Binding Site Racemate (+)-Compound

5-HT_1B 27 22

5-HT_2C 37 50

5-HT₂A 37 61 α j * ** ^α2 10 1 1 β 20 12

D l 20 22

D₂ 14 20

^*ιc₅o = 1491 nM

^**ιc₅o = = 1878 nM

In Procedure (Ca) the racemate and the (+)-enantiomer do not induce 50% inhibition of firing up to doses of respectively 2500 and 600 μg/kg iv. At doses of 500 μg/kg iv these compounds significantly (p <0.05) increase the ID50 of 8-OH-DPAT. In procedure (Cb), the racemate and its (- )-enantiomer (both at 10 mg/kg s.c.) had no significant effect on extracellular levels of 5-HT in the hippocampus demonstrating that these compounds are devoid of 5-HTj A receptor agonist properties. Pretreatment with the racemate (at 10 mg/kg s.c.) and (+)-compound (b) (at 1-10 mg/kg s.c.) completely blocked the 8-OH-DPAT-induced decrease in 5-HT release demonstrating that these compounds are antagonists at the somatodendritic 5-HT * autoreceptor. (c) R-[(-)-2.3,4.5.6.7-hexahydro-l-4-[l-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl]]-2- phenylbutyryl-lH-azepine and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. The IC50 value in procedure (A) is 0.3 nM. In procedure (B) the percentage inhibition of binding by the compound at 10-6 M was <50% at the following sites: 5- HTjg, 5-HT2C, β and D\. The percentage inhibition of binding by the compound at 10- M was 53% at 0:2 sites. The IC50 values at 5-HTι r 5-HT A- °- l and D2 sites was 2240 nM, 106 nM, 53 nM and 277 nM respectively.

In procedure (Cb), the compound at 1 mg/kg s.c. had no significant effect on extracellular levels of 5-HT in the hippocampus demonstrating that the compound is devoid of 5-HT _j A receptor agonist properties. Pretreatment with the compound ( 1 mg/kg s.c.) completely blocked the 8-OH-DPAT-induced decrease in 5-HT release demonstrating that the compound is an antagonist at the somatodendritic 5-HT JA autoreceptor.

Accordingly a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of N-(2-(l-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)- piperazinyl))ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide, N-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2- methoxyphenyl)-piperazinyl]-2-phenylpropanamide or its (- )-enantiomer and R- [(-)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-l-4-[l-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazinyl]]2- phenylbutyryl- lH-azepine and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, said compound being radiolabelled with 3H or 1 lC

Selective 5-HTiA-antagonists radiolabelled with 3H are useful as standard ligands for studying 5-HTι A binding in pharmacological test procedures. For example they may be used in a similar manner to [3H]-8-OH-DPAT (as described in Procedure A above) in measuring the binding properties of other potential 5-HT- A ligands. They have the advantage that they may be used in defining 5-HT JA ligands as agonists or antagonists at an early stage of screening i.e. before having to do more time- consuming functional studies.

[3H]WAY- 100635 has been found to interact with a single class of recognition sites in rat hippocampal membranes. The ligand saturation equilibrium dissociation constant was 0.40+0.05 nM and the kinetically derived value was 0.33 nM. [3H]WAY- 100635 binding was reversible and the data support first order dissociation kinetics. The pharmacological binding profile of H]WAY- 100635 was consistent with recognition of the 5-HTj A binding site. WAY- 100635 showed the highest potency (IC50=3 nM) in inhibiting the binding of [³H]WAY- 100635. The 5-HT1A antagonist. SDZ-216525. also displayed high potency (IC50=5 nM) at hippocampal [³H]WAY- 100635 binding sites. NAN 190, 5-CT. 5-HT. 8-OH- DPAT, BMY7378. methiothepin and RU24969 were intermediate in potency (IC50=10-100 nM) and PAPP, spiperone. ipsapirone, buspirone. gepirone and ritanserin displayed even weaker inhibition potencies (IC50=100 nM-10 μM). Cyanopindolol, (-)propranolol, rauwolscine. yohimbine and clonidine displayed comparatively low potencies (IC50=100 nM-100 μM) against [³H]WAY- 100635. The 5-HT uptake bloker, fluvoxamine, was inactive at micromolar concentrations against [³H]WAY-100635 binding. Furthermore, noradrenaline, L-phenylephrine, isoprenaline, dopamine and atropine. all at a concentration of 10 μM, were ineffective at displacing hippocampal [³H]WAY- 100635 binding, as were clonazepam and imipramine.

Correlation plots of drug potencies (IC50 values) for the inhibition of [ H]WAY- 100635 binding to the human 5-HTIA receptor (stably transfected into the Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line) and the rat hippocampal 5-HT IA receptor produced correlation coefficient values close to unity (r=0.96: P<0.001, DF=12), revealing a significant agreement between the pharmacological profiles of both human and rodent 5-HT IA binding sites.

Radioreceptor autoradiographic studies using rat brain sections demonstrated that the regional distribution of [³H]WAY- 100635 parallelled that of the high-affinity binding component of [³H]8-OH-DPAT. a selective 5-HT IA agonist. [³H]WAY- 100635 labels both agonist high- and low-affinity components of the 5-HT 1 A receptor with equal affinity. [ H]WAY- 100635 can be used as a tool to label multiple affinity states of the 5-HT I A receptor and to characterise agonist-mediated receptor-effector coupling mechanisms.

Selective 5-HT^* A antagonists radiolabelled with 1 lC are useful as radioligands in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies. Such studies are carried out in vivo in animals and more preferably in humans. The 1 lC serves as a positron source producing gamma rays. These rays are detected by the PET scanner and the resulting data is processed by computer so as to give information on the distribution of the radioligand in the living subject. There have been previous suggestions for studying the 5-HT system with PET by using radioligands for the various pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT receptors and binding sites. However previously no suitable radioligands have been available for the 5-HT ] A site. The 1 lC radiolabelled selective 5-HTj A antagonist may be used in the PET studies as for example, a research tool or as a diagnostic aid. For example, the potency and duration of an orally or parenterally administered unlabelled drug, which is a 5- HT^* A ligand. can be measured by following the displacement of the 1 lC labelled selective 5-HTι A-antagonist from the brain of humans. Furthermore PET studies using 1 lC radiolabelled selective 5-HTj A ligands can be used to study the distribution and nature of 5-HT JA receptor sites as a function of disease states (e.g. Alzheimer's Disease or depression) and hence can be used to diagnose such disease states.

The H and 1 lC radiolabelled selective 5-HTj A antagonists may be prepared by methods known in the art. For example a precursor of the antagonist may be reacted with a H or 1 C containing reagent such that the radioisotope is incorporated into the resulting molecule of the antagonist. For example an ethylenically unsaturated precursor may be catalytically hydrogenated with tritium to provide the ³H- radiolabelled selective 5-HTι A antagonist. In a further example a phenol precursor of an antagonist may be alkylated with a radiolabelled alkylating agent, e.g. [³H]methyl iodide or [1 iQmethyl iodide to provide the antagonist containing a radiolabelled methoxy substituted phenyl group. The [1 lCjmethyl iodide may be produced via [1 lC]methanol from cyclotron-produced [1 iQcarbon dioxide. The particularly preferred compounds (a), (b) and (c) mentioned above all contain a methoxyphenyl group and hence the radiolabelled compounds may be prepared from the phenol precursors. For example N-(2-(4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-l-piperazinyl))ethyl)-N-(2- pyridyl)cyclohexane carboxamide may be alkylated with [ H]- or [ 1 lC]- methyliodide to give H or 1 lC labelled N-(2-( l-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl))- piperazinyl)ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide.

The following Examples illustrate the invention. Example 1

[Methoxy-^H] N-(2-(l-(4-(2-methoxypheπyl)piperazinyl))- ethyI)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide

Sodium hydride (3 mg) was added to a solution of N-(2-(l-(4-(2.- hydroxyphenyl)piperazinyl))ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (8 mg) in DMF (1.5 ml) and the solution stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 2 hours. [3H]Methyl iodide (1 Ci) was distilled into the reaction mixture which was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was then pumped to dryness on the manifold and taken to dryness several times with ethanol. The yield of crude material was 480 mCi.

The crude material was purified by preparative TLC (ethyl acetate:ethanol:triethylamine=100: 12.5:0.5) on silica plates. The final yield of product was 132 mCi, at a specific activity of 71 Ci/mmol.

Example 2

[Methoxy-llC] N-(2-(l-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazinyl))- ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide

In a suitable manifold, sodium hydride (3 mg) was added to a solution of N-(2-( 1 - (4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-piperazinyl))ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexane-carboxamide (8 mg) in dimethyl formamide (1.5 ml) under nitrogen. [1 lC]-Methyl iodide was distilled into the reaction mixture and the reaction heated to 80° C for 5 min. After purification by HPLC (Beckman Ultrasphere 5μ ODS (25 x 46 cm) 0.02M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate:acetonitrile) the material was formulated for iv injection by dissolution in normal saline and sterile millipore filtration.

Claims

1. A selective 5-HTι A antagonist radiolabelled with ³H or 1 lC.

2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein the selective 5-HTj A antagonist is N-(2-( 1 -(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl))ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)- cyclohexanecarboxamide, N-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl]-2- phenylpropanamide or its (- )-enantiomer or R-(-)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-l-4-[l- [4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl]]-2-phenylbutyryl-lH-azepine

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

3. [Methoxy- H] N-(2-( 1 -(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazinyl))ethyl)-N-(2- pyridinyl)cyclohexane-carboxamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

4. [Methoxy- 11 C] N-(2-( 1 -(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazinyl))ethyl)-N-(2- pyridinyl)cyclohexane-carboxamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.