WO1996015480A1 - Method of setting time constant in planning path of robot - Google Patents
Method of setting time constant in planning path of robot Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996015480A1 WO1996015480A1 PCT/JP1995/002276 JP9502276W WO9615480A1 WO 1996015480 A1 WO1996015480 A1 WO 1996015480A1 JP 9502276 W JP9502276 W JP 9502276W WO 9615480 A1 WO9615480 A1 WO 9615480A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- robot
- time constant
- torque
- axes
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Program-control systems
- G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
- G05B19/416—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Program-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40519—Motion, trajectory planning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/43—Speed, acceleration, deceleration control ADC
- G05B2219/43099—Select acceleration deceleration time constants as function of weight, load, position
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining an acceleration / deceleration time constant of a servomotor that drives each axis of a robot, which should be determined when a trajectory of an industrial robot is planned.
- robot when planning the trajectory of an industrial robot (hereinafter simply referred to as “robot”), a fixed time constant is set for each operation, and a filter with that time constant is applied to perform smooth acceleration / deceleration operation.
- a servo motor that drives each axis of the robot hereinafter simply referred to as “motor”.
- motor When setting the time constant, the concept of maximum acceleration control is usually applied to reduce the cycle time of robot work.
- the maximum acceleration is calculated by calculating the moment and inertia of each axis at each point during operation as individual axes. Based on the time constant, the time constant is set so that the servo motor generates the maximum torque.
- a torque (interference torque) caused by the operation of another axis acts on each axis of the mouth port. I do. Therefore, in the conventional method, the time constant is set so that the motor of each axis generates the maximum torque in calculation.
- the interference torque may cause a saturation phenomenon of the torque, and conversely, the robot may operate with a small torque generated.
- An object of the present invention is to consider an acceleration / deceleration time constant to be set at the time of trajectory planning of a robot having a plurality of axes each driven by a servomotor, and an interference torque generated due to operation of other axes. By setting these parameters, it is possible to improve the track accuracy of the robot and shorten the cycle time.
- one aspect of the present invention is a method of setting a time constant when planning a trajectory of a robot having a plurality of axes each driven by a servomotor, wherein the speed of each axis at a start point and an end point is At the start and end points of the motion section that can be regarded as 0, the interference between at least two of the above axes is generated by adding the shadow of the torque ⁇
- Control time constant Is obtained by online software processing using a robot control device that controls the robot for at least the two axes, and is set in the robot control device that controls the robot.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method of setting a time constant in trajectory planning of a robot having a plurality of axes each driven by a servomotor, wherein the speed of each axis at a start point and an end point is At the start and end points of the operation section that can be regarded as 0, the interference between at least two of the axes is generated with the shadow S of the torque inserted.
- the shortest acceleration / deceleration control under the condition that the torque does not saturate.
- Time constant is obtained by online software XA processing using a mouth robot control device that controls the robot for at least the two axes, and the longest time constant among them is common to all axes. Set in the robot controller that controls the above robot as the time constant of.
- the soft-to-core processing evaluates the constraint condition of each axis for realizing the target trajectory under the condition that the influence of the interference torque determined based on the robot's motion equation is evaluated.
- it includes the process of finding the condition of the time constant that simultaneously satisfies the constraint condition by the maximum torque of the robot.
- the present invention having the above-described configuration, it is possible to set a too large time constant during a trajectory planning, and to set a motor and torque saturation phenomenon caused by setting a too short time constant. Both of the phenomena of performance shortage caused by and can be suppressed. Therefore, the robot's trajectory accuracy Improvement and shortening of cycle time are achieved.
- Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the axis configuration of a four-axis horizontal articulated robot to which the method of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a main part of a typical configuration of a robot control device used for setting the time constant in this embodiment online, and FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart outlining the processing for setting the time constant in this embodiment.
- the present invention seeks to set the time constant taking into account the interference torque from other axes, while taking advantage of the conventional concept of maximum acceleration control. That is, in the present invention, the time constant taking into account the interference torque is determined based on the following three conditions at the time of trajectory planning.
- Robot's equation of motion The considered interference torque is reflected in the determination of the time constant through this condition.
- the target is a condition determined by the trajectory and the structural parameters of the robot. Specifically, the spatial coordinates (XYZ) of each axis It is described by a Jacobi matrix that specifies the conversion relationship between the coordinates and the axial space coordinates (01 12 ⁇ ⁇ N) (see the embodiment below).
- (2) and (3) are conditions that were naturally used for calculating the time constant in conventional maximum acceleration control. However, it is the first time in the present invention to incorporate the robot's equation of motion including the description of the motion state of the other axis into the time constant calculation conditions in order to consider the interference torque.
- the dry torque is an amount determined depending on the motion state of the other axis, strictly speaking, it changes every moment according to the motion of the robot.
- the influence of the interference torque is most problematic near the start point and the end point of the motion section where acceleration / deceleration control is performed, and the main cause is acceleration (the speed at the start point and end point is 0 or the flat torque is Is negligibly small).
- the process of determining the time constant based on the above three conditions in the trajectory plan is performed online within the range of a reasonable processing load.
- the calculation process of the interference torque is executed in consideration of only the interference torque generated by the acceleration of the other axis.
- the robot since the time constant is set in consideration of the interference torque when planning the trajectory of the mouth port, the saturation phenomenon of the motor-generated torque and the phenomenon of insufficient performance are suppressed, and the trajectory of the robot is improved.
- the robot describes how to set the time constant according to the present invention. An example of a 4-axis horizontal articulated robot as shown in Fig. 1 will be described.
- a four-axis horizontal articulated robot generally indicated by a reference numeral RB has a first axis 1 to a fourth axis 4 in order from the base B side.
- the first axis 1 is a linear motion axis in the vertical direction
- the second axis 2 and the third axis 3 are turning axes for driving links operating in a horizontal plane.
- the fourth axis 4 is an axis for rotating the end effector 5 on the robot's hand in a horizontal plane.
- Reference numeral 6 denotes a tool center point set at the end position of the end effector 5.
- the axis variables (the angles shown for the second and third axes) are denoted by J 1 to J 4. Note that ⁇ 0 represents a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system on which the robot RB operates.
- the time constant is determined in consideration of the interference torque of the second axis 2 and the third axis 3.
- T 2 I 2 * J 2- C 2 * (J 2+ J 3)
- a single dot at the top of the symbol indicates the first-order differential of time, and a double dot indicates the second-order derivative of time.
- J (j) is the Jacobian matrix that defines the relationship between p and j. Content is in the structure of the robot Calculated based on
- T 2 I 2 * J 2- C 2 * (J 2+ J 3) 1 2]
- T3 I 3 * J 3- C3 * (J 2+ J 3) 1 3]
- j J (j) -1 * P 1 4] T 2 ⁇ T max-2 15) T 3 ⁇ T max-3 16]
- equation [14] is expressed as follows.
- T 2 ⁇ I 2 * A 2- C 2 * (A 2+ A 3) ⁇
- T 3 ⁇ I 3 * A3- C 3 * (A 2+ A 3) ⁇
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a main part of a typical configuration of a robot control device used for that purpose.
- the robot control device denoted by reference numeral 30 is equipped with a processor board 31.
- This processor board 31 is a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as a CPU) comprising a microprocessor. ) 31 a, R 0 M 31 b and R AM 31 c are provided.
- the CPU 31a controls the entire robot controller according to the system program stored in the ROM 31b.
- a considerable part of the RAM 31c constitutes a non-volatile memory area.
- various data for calculating the above equations [18] and [20] are stored. It is stored. This includes the Jacobi matrix ⁇ structural parameters for calculating the static load torque Twi, the interference torque coefficient C i due to the acceleration of each axis, the inertia I i, the equation [14A], Includes data for defining coefficients A2 and A3 in [14B].
- a part of the RAM 31c is used for temporary data storage for calculation processing executed by the CPU 31a.
- the processor board 31 is connected to a path 39 so that commands and data can be exchanged with other parts in the robot controller via the bus connection.
- a digital servo control circuit 32 is connected to the processor board 31 and receives a command from the CPU 31a to drive the servo motors 51 to 56 via the servo hum 33.
- Each servo motor 51 to 54 is built in the robot RB and operates each axis.
- the serial port 34 is connected to the bus 39 and connected to the teaching operation panel 57 with liquid crystal display, RS232C device (communication interface) and CRT36a. .
- the teaching operation panel 57 is used to input programs such as teaching programs, teaching data, and other necessary setting values.
- the path 39 is connected to an input / output device for digital signals (digital 1) 35, an input / output device for analog signals (analog IZO) 37, and a large-capacity memory 38. ing.
- An operation panel 36b for setting and changing operating conditions while viewing the screen of the CRT 36a is connected to the digital IZ 035.
- the large capacity memory 38 contains teaching data, position data, various setting values, and operation programs. Are stored.
- the program for executing the acceleration / deceleration control considering the interference torque and the data representing the torque curve are also stored in this large-capacity memory 38 when they are not used, and are stored in the ROM 31b when the system starts up.
- the stored startup program is activated, and the program can be downloaded to the RAM 31c in the processor board 31 along with necessary related data.
- time constant setting method according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 3 on the assumption that the above-described configuration and functions of the robot control device 30 and the storage conditions of programs and data are described.
- the outline of the processing content is described for each processing step. It is assumed that the target operation section is a long motion. The description will be given of a case where acceleration / deceleration control is performed in which a time constant common to all of the first to fourth axes is set.
- step S1 based on the teaching program data, the teaching speed Vtn for the axis is obtained from the movement distance of the axis Jn to the movement target position in the movement block.
- step S2 the torque curve data for the relevant axis (data expressing the dependency of the maximum torque Tmax on the speed of the target servomotor) is used. Then, find the nominal maximum torque Traax (n) corresponding to the teaching speed V tn.
- the nominal maximum torque T max (n) obtained here includes the static load torque T wn.
- the (net) maximum torque T max-n is obtained by subtracting the static load torque Twn from the maximum torque Traax (n) for the relevant axis.
- Step S4 Step S5
- the time constant ⁇ n at that time is
- N V tn / A c c -n
- the interference torque is considered only between specific axes (interference torque between the second axis and the third axis).
- the interference torque between a plurality of axes or between all axes is considered. Needless to say, it can be done.
- the time constant is determined in consideration of the interference torque between the axes where the shadow S of the interference torque is considered to be the largest, the other Since it is expected that a time constant that does not cause torque saturation or insufficient performance will be set as a result between the axes, the calculation of the time constant taking the interference torque into consideration will depend on the axis. It is preferable to set it according to the situation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Numerical Control (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95936116A EP0744677A4 (en) | 1994-11-09 | 1995-11-07 | METHOD FOR DEFINING A TIME CONSTANT WHEN PLANNING THE PATH OF A ROBOT |
| US08/669,469 US5751130A (en) | 1994-11-09 | 1995-11-07 | Time constant setting method for a track program of a robot |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6/299108 | 1994-11-09 | ||
| JP6299108A JPH08137524A (ja) | 1994-11-09 | 1994-11-09 | ロボットの軌道計画時における時定数の設定方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996015480A1 true WO1996015480A1 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
Family
ID=17868241
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1995/002276 Ceased WO1996015480A1 (en) | 1994-11-09 | 1995-11-07 | Method of setting time constant in planning path of robot |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5751130A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0744677A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPH08137524A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR960018817A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1996015480A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE505981C2 (sv) * | 1996-02-14 | 1997-10-27 | Asea Brown Boveri | Förfarande för styrning av en industrirobot med hänsyn till moment och belastning |
| JPH1153021A (ja) * | 1997-08-05 | 1999-02-26 | Yaskawa Electric Corp | 産業用ロボットの加減速パターン生成方法 |
| US7904182B2 (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2011-03-08 | Brooks Automation, Inc. | Scalable motion control system |
| KR101220121B1 (ko) * | 2006-06-30 | 2013-01-11 | 스타 마이크로닉스 컴퍼니 리미티드 | 이동체의 이동 제어 장치, 이동체의 이동 제어 방법 및공작 기계의 이동 제어 장치 |
| DE102011010505A1 (de) * | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-09 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Anpassung der Dynamik zumindest eines Roboters |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04306711A (ja) * | 1991-04-03 | 1992-10-29 | Sony Corp | 加減速パターン生成装置及びパターン生成方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01164280A (ja) * | 1987-12-21 | 1989-06-28 | Fanuc Ltd | 加減速制御方式 |
| JPH0430203A (ja) * | 1990-05-25 | 1992-02-03 | Fanuc Ltd | ロボットの加減速時定数制御方法 |
| JP3083870B2 (ja) * | 1991-05-10 | 2000-09-04 | ファナック株式会社 | 数値制御装置 |
-
1994
- 1994-11-09 JP JP6299108A patent/JPH08137524A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-11-07 EP EP95936116A patent/EP0744677A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-11-07 WO PCT/JP1995/002276 patent/WO1996015480A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 1995-11-07 US US08/669,469 patent/US5751130A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-08 KR KR1019950040203A patent/KR960018817A/ko not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04306711A (ja) * | 1991-04-03 | 1992-10-29 | Sony Corp | 加減速パターン生成装置及びパターン生成方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP0744677A4 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08137524A (ja) | 1996-05-31 |
| KR960018817A (ko) | 1996-06-17 |
| EP0744677A1 (en) | 1996-11-27 |
| US5751130A (en) | 1998-05-12 |
| EP0744677A4 (en) | 1997-07-23 |
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