WO1997035802A1 - Robinet de distribution de liquides - Google Patents
Robinet de distribution de liquides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997035802A1 WO1997035802A1 PCT/FR1997/000529 FR9700529W WO9735802A1 WO 1997035802 A1 WO1997035802 A1 WO 1997035802A1 FR 9700529 W FR9700529 W FR 9700529W WO 9735802 A1 WO9735802 A1 WO 9735802A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- tap
- coφs
- forming
- cams
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D3/00—Apparatus or devices for controlling flow of liquids under gravity from storage containers for dispensing purposes
- B67D3/04—Liquid-dispensing taps or cocks adapted to seal and open tapping holes of casks, e.g. for beer
- B67D3/043—Liquid-dispensing taps or cocks adapted to seal and open tapping holes of casks, e.g. for beer with a closing element having a linear movement, in a direction perpendicular to the seat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K21/00—Fluid-delivery valves, e.g. self-closing valves
- F16K21/04—Self-closing valves, i.e. closing automatically after operation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K21/00—Fluid-delivery valves, e.g. self-closing valves
- F16K21/04—Self-closing valves, i.e. closing automatically after operation
- F16K21/14—Self-closing valves, i.e. closing automatically after operation with special means for preventing the self-closing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the distribution of liquids contained in small rigid, semi-rigid or flexible containers, in particular of food liquids, these containers being provided, for this purpose, with dispensing taps, and has as its object such a tap with automatic closing and provided with a means of holding in the open position.
- a tap is more particularly known from EP-A-0432 070, constituted by a body for mounting in the bung of a container and by a piston for releasing the liquid charged by a spring and guided in the body, the piston acting on an elastic sealing membrane secured to the body.
- the mounting body in the drain is provided with a fixing fitting comprising a groove cooperating by snap-fastening with an annular projection of the drain, thus preventing any dismantling of the valve.
- the piston is provided, at its upper part, with appendages, extending outside the tap through openings of the latter and intended to allow traction to be exerted on the piston, in order to release the dispensing opening, the closing taking place automatically.
- connection device between the dispenser and the tap fitted to the container, this device allowing a tight and rapid connection of the outlet of the tap of the container to a supply pipe and a holding of this tap. in the dispensing position for the duration of the connection.
- connection devices are bulky and expensive. Also, it is particularly advantageous, in such a case, to be able to carry out the connection of the supply line and the opening of the tap with a minimum of simple movements.
- the tap equipping the container must be taxable, that is to say it must be able to be provided with a tax stamp or the like, to be destroyed on first use, to avoid fraud.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of existing connection devices and taps and to propose a self-closing tap, which can be kept in the open position, in order to allow simple and quick connection to a dispenser tap. counter.
- the valve for dispensing liquids, in particular aseptic food liquids or not, with automatic closure which essentially consists of a mounting body in the bung of a container and by a piston for releasing the liquid acting on an elastic sealing membrane integral with the body, is characterized in that it is provided with means for holding the piston in the open position.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the valve according to the invention
- Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 showing the valve body alone
- Figure 3 is a side elevational view in section of the valve in the closed position
- Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 3, the valve being in the open position
- Figure 5 is a view similar to that of Figure 4 of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 The figures of the appended drawings represent a valve for dispensing liquids, in particular food liquids, with automatic closure, which essentially consists of a body 1 for mounting in the bung of a container and by a piston 2 for releasing the acting liquid. on an elastic sealing membrane 3 secured to the body 1.
- this valve is provided with means 4 for holding the piston 2 in the open position
- This means 4 essentially consists of elements 4 'and 4 "of cooperating shape provided, respectively, on the body 1 of the valve and on the piston 2.
- the elements 4' and 4" forming the means 4 are constituted, respectively, by cams extending over the part of the body 1 of the valve forming the seat of the elastic sealing membrane 3 and the guide of the piston 2 and by pads arranged int regular slots on a part of the piston 2 extending concentrically above said cams of the body 1 (FIGS. 2 to 4).
- the piston 2 is advantageously constituted in the form of a hollow operating button fitted on the part of the body 1 of the valve forming the seat of the elastic sealing membrane 3 and the guide of said piston 2 and is connected, with the possibility of free rotation. , to the elastic sealing membrane 3 integral with the body 1.
- the piston 2 is further provided with a means 5 for snap-fastening on the corresponding part of the body 1, by cooperation with a peripheral groove 6 extending under the cams forming the elements 4 ′ of the means 4, this means 5 being in the form of an inner end shoulder.
- the pads forming the 4 "elements provided on the piston 2 are arranged on the internal cylindrical wall of the button forming the piston 2, on the side opposite the shoulder forming the means 5 for snap-fastening, their lower end being at a distance from said shoulder. slightly greater than the height of the cams 4 ′ from the peripheral groove 6.
- the pads 4 ′′ are guided concentrically on the cams 4 ′ and, during the rotation of the button forming the piston 2, they are pushed onto the slope of the latter and deform the elastic sealing membrane 3 in the direction of opening the valve (FIG. 4).
- the cams 4 ′ are preferably with asymmetrical slopes and have a flat upper part for supporting the lower end of the pads 4 ", which have a triangular point shape with rounded tip.
- the opening of the tap can be easily made by sliding the pads 4 "on the slope of lower inclination of the cams 4 ', the maintenance in the open position being effected by pressing the pads 4" on the upper part of said cams 4'.
- the cams 4 ′ are advantageously provided, at the end of the flat upper part, on the side of the steepest slope, with a device 10 for stopping in the position of 4 "pads, in the form of an end projection.
- a device 10 for stopping the pads 4 allows the operator to easily control the irreversible opening position of the button 2, by simply noting that the pads 4" have come into abutment, resulting in a hard point. during rotation.
- the elastic sealing membrane 3 is provided with a barrel 3 ', in one piece with said membrane 3 and provided at its free end with a bearing 3 "for connection with possibility of rotation at the button forming the piston 2.
- a connection allows a vertical displacement of the membrane 3 and its deformation by crushing during the rotation of the button 2 without, however, said membrane 3 being subjected to a deformation by shearing, which would be harmful .
- the button forming the piston 2 is advantageously provided, in a known manner, at the periphery of its upper part with a knurling 7 favoring its grip and its operation.
- the body 1 of the valve is provided, under the peripheral groove 6, with a lug 8 intended to cooperate with a corresponding section of a tear-off cap 9 connected to the button 2 by pins not shown and having a bonding surface of a tax stamp.
- a rotation of the button 2 is prevented until the tearing of the cape 9, due to the cooperation of the hole provided in the latter with the lug 8 of the cost 1, the tearing of the cape 9 having the effect of tearing the tax stamp, at least at the level of its contact with lug 8, so that it is made unusable.
- the tap is inviolable during transport and storage.
- aseptic food liquids such as fruit juices or ultra high temperature sterilized milk
- the outlet end of the co ⁇ s 1 of the tap is provided with a peripheral holding means projecting from a flexible pipe end, of a type known per se, allowing rapid connection of such a pipe.
- valve is shown with its piston 2 extending pe ⁇ endicular to the axis of the mounting co ⁇ s in the bung of a container, however, it is also possible to provide that the co ⁇ s of tap extend inclined relative to the pe àendicular to this axis or even parallel or coaxial to the latter.
- Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the co ⁇ s the tap extends in extension of the co ⁇ s mounting in the bung of a container and coaxially with the latter, its piston 2 ′ also extending coaxially to the mounting cost, the corresponding sealing membrane 13 resting directly on a bearing surface 14 provided on a channel 15 for connection between said mounting cost in the drain and the cost of the tap, downstream of the latter's flow orifice 16.
- Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous in the case of taps intended for the distribution of aseptic liquids.
- the sealing of the elastic membrane 13 is effected only at the level of the bearing surface 14, that is to say at a single point, contrary to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 of the appended drawings, in which watertightness must also be guaranteed at the junction of the membrane with the tap cost. Consequently, the risks of non-aseptic treatment are considerably reduced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
- Details Of Valves (AREA)
- Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK97916497T DK0889846T3 (da) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-03-25 | Hane til udlevering af væsker |
| EP97916497A EP0889846B1 (fr) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-03-25 | Robinet de distribution de liquides |
| JP53408997A JP3519741B2 (ja) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-03-25 | 液体分配バルブ |
| DE69700703T DE69700703T2 (de) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-03-25 | Zapfhahn für flüssigkeiten |
| AU25123/97A AU724099B2 (en) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-03-25 | Liquid distribution valve |
| NZ332335A NZ332335A (en) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-03-25 | Self-closing liquid distribution valve retainable in open position |
| CA002261333A CA2261333C (fr) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-03-25 | Robinet de distribution de liquides |
| US09/142,801 US6045119A (en) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-03-25 | Liquid distribution valve |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR96/04029 | 1996-03-27 | ||
| FR9604029A FR2746890B1 (fr) | 1996-03-27 | 1996-03-27 | Robinet de distribution de liquides, en particulier de liquides alimentaires, a fermeture automatique muni d'un moyen de maintien en position d'ouverture du piston |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997035802A1 true WO1997035802A1 (fr) | 1997-10-02 |
Family
ID=9490754
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1997/000529 Ceased WO1997035802A1 (fr) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-03-25 | Robinet de distribution de liquides |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6045119A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0889846B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP3519741B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE186035T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU724099B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2261333C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69700703T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2140229T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2746890B1 (fr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ332335A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1997035802A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2796374A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-19 | Jean Julia | Robinet de soutirage pour dispositif de conditionnement de produits liquides |
| WO2014125131A1 (fr) * | 2013-02-18 | 2014-08-21 | Odalloc, S.A. | Robinet de sécurité pour contenants flexibles de liquides |
| IT202100024128A1 (it) * | 2021-09-21 | 2021-12-21 | Vitop Moulding Srl | Rubinetto erogatore di liquidi anti-manomissione ad apertura del sigillo anti-contraffazione integrato e vincolato in maniera manuale |
Families Citing this family (35)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6360208B1 (en) * | 1999-02-04 | 2002-03-19 | Intermec Ip Corp. | Method and apparatus for automatic tax verification |
| DK174620B1 (da) * | 2000-04-06 | 2003-07-28 | Maersk Medical As | En ventilanordning |
| AU775101B2 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2004-07-15 | International Dispensing Corporation | Dispensing valve for fluids |
| GB0023863D0 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2000-11-15 | Lb Europ Ltd | Improvements in and relating to liquid dispensing taps |
| JP2004524238A (ja) * | 2001-04-09 | 2004-08-12 | ルーシュ・ポール・フランソワ | 液体の流量調整用タップ |
| FR2832702B1 (fr) * | 2001-11-26 | 2004-04-09 | Flextainer | Robinet de distribution de liquides |
| AT500874B1 (de) | 2004-03-05 | 2006-11-15 | Hagleitner Hans Georg | Ausgabeventil |
| US7246721B2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2007-07-24 | Fres-Co Systems Usa, Inc. | Flexible packages with liquid dispensing tap and methods of making the same |
| ITTO20050076A1 (it) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-11 | Vitop Moulding Srl | Rubinetto erogatore per contenitore elastici per liquidi e applicazioni asettiche |
| USD553982S1 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2007-10-30 | Flextainer S.A. | Plug and tap assembly |
| ITTO20050229A1 (it) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-08 | Vitop Moulding Srl | Rubinetto erogatore multiplo e procedimento per la sua fabbricazione |
| US20070131725A1 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-06-14 | Friedman Mitchell A | Dispensing valve for fluids stored under pressure |
| EA017051B1 (ru) * | 2006-02-08 | 2012-09-28 | Интернэшнл Диспенсинг Корпорейшн | Раздаточный клапан для текучей среды, предотвращающий образование капель |
| DE102006017957B3 (de) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-05-16 | Kunststofftechnik Waidhofen An | Selbstschließendes Ventil |
| DE102006021564B3 (de) * | 2006-05-08 | 2007-03-29 | Ccc Udo Suffa Gmbh | Selbstschließendes Ventil mit Ventildeckel |
| JP5168566B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-03-21 | 株式会社ノーリツ | 飲料用ディスペンサ |
| JP5168571B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-26 | 2013-03-21 | 株式会社ノーリツ | ウォータサーバ |
| AU2010266319B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2015-03-05 | Scholle Corporation | Bag in box packaging having a locating panel for a tap |
| MX337167B (es) | 2009-06-30 | 2016-02-10 | Scholle Corp | Bolsa en empaque de caja con un ensamble de articulacion de tapa. |
| US8387837B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2013-03-05 | Scholle Corporation | Tap |
| CN202501018U (zh) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-10-24 | 弗英(天津)物流系统科技有限公司 | 旋钮式液体排料喷嘴阀盖 |
| US9248632B2 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2016-02-02 | Scholle Corporation | Film for flexible packaging for use in bag in box packaging and bags made therefrom |
| JP6429305B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-07 | 2018-11-28 | Next Innovation合同会社 | 流体容器の栓構造 |
| GB201600894D0 (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-03-02 | Obrist Closures Switzerland | Dispensing closure |
| WO2019121594A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-27 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Machine de préparation de boisson pourvue d'une évacuation de gouttes |
| US10794445B2 (en) | 2018-01-03 | 2020-10-06 | Silgan Dispensing Systems Corporation | Dispensing pump with polymer compression spring assembly |
| US10473176B2 (en) | 2018-01-03 | 2019-11-12 | Silgan Dispensing Systems Corporation | Compression spring assembly and methods of using the same |
| US11236794B2 (en) | 2018-01-03 | 2022-02-01 | Silgan Dispensing Systems Corporation | Dispensing pump with polymer spring, base venting and flow baffle |
| US11035429B2 (en) | 2018-01-03 | 2021-06-15 | Silgan Dispensing Systems Corporation | Compression spring assembly and methods of using the same |
| US10870123B2 (en) | 2018-01-03 | 2020-12-22 | Silgan Dispensing Systems Corporation | Dispensing pump with locking structures and methods of using the same |
| US11312613B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2022-04-26 | Silgan Dispensing Systems Corporation | Dispensing tap and methods for using the same |
| US10526191B1 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2020-01-07 | Silgan Dispensing Systems Corporation | Dispensing tap and methods for using the same |
| SE545444C2 (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2023-09-12 | Asept Int Ab | A valve for dispensing liquid substance from a closed and airtight container |
| USD1033223S1 (en) * | 2019-09-21 | 2024-07-02 | Liqui-Box Corporation | Fluid dispensing tap |
| IT202400001926A1 (it) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-05-01 | Vitop Moulding Srl | Rubinetto erogatore di liquidi anti-manomissione ad apertura del sigillo tamper-evident integrato e vincolato |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE34924C (de) * | H. HUTTER in Wien | Ablafsventil mit selbsttätigem Verschlufs | ||
| GB2188399A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1987-09-30 | Agrupada Invest Off | Valve for coffee makers |
| EP0432070A1 (fr) * | 1989-12-04 | 1991-06-12 | Wicotop | Robinet inviolable muni d'un dispositif de fiscalisation |
| WO1994029214A1 (fr) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-12-22 | Alfatechnic Patent Ag | Soupape d'arret en matiere plastique |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2074240A (en) * | 1934-08-23 | 1937-03-16 | Saunders Inv S Ltd | Diaphragm valve |
| US2855176A (en) * | 1954-04-28 | 1958-10-07 | Grinnell Corp | Diaphragm valves |
| FR1225889A (fr) * | 1959-03-10 | 1960-07-06 | Legris Fils Sa | Robinet économique à clapet |
| US3747894A (en) * | 1971-12-22 | 1973-07-24 | Genova Prod | Stop valve |
| US5103857A (en) * | 1989-10-18 | 1992-04-14 | Kohler Co. | Self closing valve assembly |
| US5029806A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1991-07-09 | Huo Lien Chuang | Foot-controlled water faucet |
| FR2685427B1 (fr) * | 1991-12-23 | 1995-04-14 | Sfr Sa Robineterie | Soupape de surete. |
| US5435339A (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1995-07-25 | Kdi American Products Company | Manual air relief valve |
| NL9300862A (nl) * | 1993-05-18 | 1994-12-16 | Flamco Bv | Klep. |
-
1996
- 1996-03-27 FR FR9604029A patent/FR2746890B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-03-25 JP JP53408997A patent/JP3519741B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-25 CA CA002261333A patent/CA2261333C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-25 ES ES97916497T patent/ES2140229T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-25 AT AT97916497T patent/ATE186035T1/de active
- 1997-03-25 DE DE69700703T patent/DE69700703T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-25 WO PCT/FR1997/000529 patent/WO1997035802A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1997-03-25 AU AU25123/97A patent/AU724099B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-03-25 NZ NZ332335A patent/NZ332335A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-25 EP EP97916497A patent/EP0889846B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-25 US US09/142,801 patent/US6045119A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE34924C (de) * | H. HUTTER in Wien | Ablafsventil mit selbsttätigem Verschlufs | ||
| GB2188399A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1987-09-30 | Agrupada Invest Off | Valve for coffee makers |
| EP0432070A1 (fr) * | 1989-12-04 | 1991-06-12 | Wicotop | Robinet inviolable muni d'un dispositif de fiscalisation |
| WO1994029214A1 (fr) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-12-22 | Alfatechnic Patent Ag | Soupape d'arret en matiere plastique |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2796374A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-19 | Jean Julia | Robinet de soutirage pour dispositif de conditionnement de produits liquides |
| WO2014125131A1 (fr) * | 2013-02-18 | 2014-08-21 | Odalloc, S.A. | Robinet de sécurité pour contenants flexibles de liquides |
| CN105050911A (zh) * | 2013-02-18 | 2015-11-11 | 科诺泰勒有限公司 | 用于液体的柔性容器的安全旋塞 |
| US9586804B2 (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2017-03-07 | Santos Ortega Collado | Security tap for liquid containers |
| IT202100024128A1 (it) * | 2021-09-21 | 2021-12-21 | Vitop Moulding Srl | Rubinetto erogatore di liquidi anti-manomissione ad apertura del sigillo anti-contraffazione integrato e vincolato in maniera manuale |
| WO2023047428A1 (fr) | 2021-09-21 | 2023-03-30 | Vitop Moulding S.R.L. | Robinet de distribution de liquide inviolable par ouverture d'un témoin d'inviolabilité intégré et lié manuellement |
| US20250115469A1 (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2025-04-10 | Vitop Moulding S.R.L. | Anti-tampering liquid dispensing tap by opening an integrated and manually bound anti-counterfeit seal |
| US12428286B2 (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2025-09-30 | Vitop Moulding S.R.L. | Anti-tampering liquid dispensing tap by opening an integrated and manually bound anti-counterfeit seal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE186035T1 (de) | 1999-11-15 |
| FR2746890B1 (fr) | 1998-09-11 |
| AU2512397A (en) | 1997-10-17 |
| CA2261333C (fr) | 2003-05-06 |
| EP0889846B1 (fr) | 1999-10-27 |
| US6045119A (en) | 2000-04-04 |
| JP2000515461A (ja) | 2000-11-21 |
| FR2746890A1 (fr) | 1997-10-03 |
| JP3519741B2 (ja) | 2004-04-19 |
| EP0889846A1 (fr) | 1999-01-13 |
| ES2140229T3 (es) | 2000-02-16 |
| DE69700703T2 (de) | 2000-04-27 |
| NZ332335A (en) | 1999-02-25 |
| AU724099B2 (en) | 2000-09-14 |
| DE69700703D1 (de) | 1999-12-02 |
| CA2261333A1 (fr) | 1997-10-02 |
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