WO1998009316A1 - Spectroscope de masse a ionisation par laser et procede d'analyse par spectroscopie de masse - Google Patents
Spectroscope de masse a ionisation par laser et procede d'analyse par spectroscopie de masse Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998009316A1 WO1998009316A1 PCT/JP1997/003029 JP9703029W WO9809316A1 WO 1998009316 A1 WO1998009316 A1 WO 1998009316A1 JP 9703029 W JP9703029 W JP 9703029W WO 9809316 A1 WO9809316 A1 WO 9809316A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/16—Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission
- H01J49/161—Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission using photoionisation, e.g. by laser
- H01J49/162—Direct photo-ionisation, e.g. single photon or multi-photon ionisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
- H01J49/0422—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for gaseous samples
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/34—Dynamic spectrometers
- H01J49/40—Time-of-flight spectrometers
- H01J49/401—Time-of-flight spectrometers characterised by orthogonal acceleration, e.g. focusing or selecting the ions, pusher electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/05—Arrangements for energy or mass analysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/004—Combinations of spectrometers, tandem spectrometers, e.g. MS/MS, MSn
- H01J49/0086—Accelerator mass spectrometers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laser ionization mass spectrometry technique in which a sample molecule, which is an object to be measured, is irradiated by laser light irradiation, and the mass spectrum of the sample is measured by measuring the mass spectrum of the ions.
- a slit-shaped nozzle is used as a countermeasure to reduce the sensitivity due to a small amount of the measurement target.
- a laser beam is applied to a molecular jet ejected in a plane from the side on the same plane. Irradiation increases the space for interaction between molecules and laser light, and increases the amount of ions generated.
- ions are generated in principle in a space proportional to the size of the slit opening and the diameter (size) of the irradiation laser beam.
- increasing the slit opening is related to the spatial distribution of molecular ions when sent to the mass spectrometer.
- the increase in signal-to-noise ratio (S / N ratio) does not succumb to the increase in on-production.
- the slit nozzle cannot extremely increase the slit opening in consideration of the load on the exhaust system.
- the sensitivity cannot be improved without increasing the sample flow rate, which lowers the degree of vacuum in the subsequent mass spectrometer and activates the safety device for protection of the device, causing the mass spectrometer to stop.
- the pressure fluctuates greatly, so this problem was remarkable when measuring near the limit of the exhaust system capacity to improve sensitivity.
- the ionization chamber or related parts In order to create such a supersonic molecular jet, the ionization chamber or related parts must be evacuated to a high vacuum.
- diffusion pumps, or oil diffusion pumps were commonly used for exhaust.
- oil rotary pumps were sometimes used, and both were sometimes used together.
- oil diffusion pumps and oil rotary pumps usually have high pumping speeds, that is, can maintain a high vacuum, the oil used in the pumps is present in the ionization chamber, albeit very slightly.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method capable of detecting with high sensitivity and performing stable measurement in laser multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry technology for sample introduction using a supersonic molecular jet.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a laser-multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry technique for introducing a sample using a supersonic molecular jet, which can detect a large amount of a sample but can detect the sample with high sensitivity without lowering the SZN ratio. To do that.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a measuring apparatus which reduces background and thereby increases signal intensity in a laser-based multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry technique for sample introduction using a supersonic molecular jet. is there. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have found that the fragmentation of a molecule depends on the energy of the irradiated laser beam, but that the ionization of the molecule is related to the peak output of the laser beam. I found It was found that irradiation with a single ultra-short pulse laser with a high peak output can increase the ionization efficiency without increasing the laser light energy beyond the limit energy at which molecules undergo fragmentation. In other words, when a laser beam having a large peak output is used, the amount of molecular ions generated can be increased while suppressing the fragmentation of molecules.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a sample introduction unit having a pulse valve for forming a molecular jet, a pulsed laser light oscillator, and a vacuum ionization device having a window through which laser light emitted from the oscillator can pass.
- the problem is solved by a laser ionization mass spectrometer characterized by being capable of oscillating a laser beam.
- the sample gas is injected into a vacuum ionization chamber or a corresponding part by a pulse valve capable of forming a molecular jet to form a pulsed molecular jet, and a peak output is output to the molecular jet.
- a mass spectrometry method characterized by irradiating an ultrashort pulse laser beam of 1 MW or more to ionize and analyzing the mass of molecules ionized by the laser beam.
- a sample introduction unit having a nozzle for forming a molecular jet, a pulse laser light oscillator, a vacuum ionization chamber having a window through which laser light emitted from the oscillator can pass, or a corresponding part.
- a laser-ionization mass comprising: a mass spectrometer for analyzing the mass of a molecule ionized by light; and a nozzle of the sample introduction section comprising two or more pinhole nozzles. Solved by the analyzer.
- the present inventors have also found that the central portion of the molecular jet is directional, and since it is a uniform flow of molecules, when ionized, it contributes to the signal (improvement of sensitivity). Did not contribute to Therefore, the load on the exhaust system of the mass spectrometer can be reduced even if a large number of samples are introduced unless the molecules on the outer periphery are removed by a skimmer and sent to the mass spectrometer.
- a sample introduction unit having a slit nozzle for forming a molecular jet, a pulse laser one-optical oscillator, and a vacuum ionization chamber having a window through which laser light emitted from the oscillator can pass.
- a mass spectrometer for analyzing the mass of the molecules ionized by the laser beam, and separating between the slit nozzle and the vacuum ionization chamber to around the molecular jet. Block the entry of a partial molecular flow into the vacuum ionization chamber.
- the problem is solved by a laser ionization mass spectrometer characterized in that a rit skimmer is provided.
- an oil-free turbo-molecular pump generally has a low pumping speed. Therefore, if only this pump is used to perform continuous measurement, some sample remains in the ionization chamber. There is a problem that the background becomes high due to ionization and measurement.
- a pulse valve having a short operation time is used in combination with the sample introduction means to adjust the sample introduction amount to the capacity of the turbo-molecular pump, thereby reducing the background. Succeeded.
- a sample introduction section having a pulse valve for forming a molecular jet, a pulse laser light oscillator, and a vacuum ionization chamber having a window through which laser light emitted from the oscillator can pass.
- a mass spectrometer for analyzing the mass of molecules ionized by the laser light, wherein a turbo molecular pump is used as a pump for exhausting the vacuum ionization chamber. Solved by a single mass spectrometer.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a change in the molecular ion peak intensity of chlorobenzene obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change in the molecular ion peak intensity of chlorobenzene obtained in Example 2.
- Figure 4 shows the molecular ion peak intensity of bromobenzene obtained in Example 2. It is a graph which shows a change.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in the molecular ion peak intensity of the benzene obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 shows the time-dependent changes in the ion intensity of 0-chlorophenol measured using the apparatus shown in Fig. 6 and the signal of the detection system at the time of laser light power (short sample introduction, turbo molecular pump exhaust). It is a graph.
- Figure 8 is a graph showing the change over time in the ion intensity of 0-chlorophenol and the signal of the detection system (short-time sample introduction, oil diffusion pump exhaust) at the time of the laser single light power.
- Figure 9 is a graph showing the change over time of the ion intensity of 0-glolophenol and the signal of the detection system (normal sample introduction and turbo molecular pump exhaust) at the time of laser power.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a sample introduction part, a pulse laser one-optical oscillator, and a vacuum ionization chamber part of this apparatus.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the mass spectrum of chlorobenzene obtained using the apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the sample introduction part, slit skimmer, pulsed laser light oscillator, and vacuum ionization chamber of this apparatus.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a slit portion of the two-type slit skimmer used in the above-described apparatus.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the mass spectrum of chlorobenzene obtained using the apparatus of FIG. ... Sample introduction part
- the sample introduction unit uses a pulse valve equipped with a nozzle or orifice capable of producing a supersonic molecular jet. Pulse valves are used in fuel injection of engines, etc., and as described in the Chemical Society of Japan, 4th edition, Experimental Chemistry Course, Vol. 8, 127-: 129 (1993). The plunger is pressed against the sealing surface by a spring. ⁇ It is attracted electromagnetically backward by instantaneous energization of the rear solenoid (electromagnetic coil) and opens only during that time. .
- a Gentry-Giesse type pulse valve and a pulse valve that opens and closes using a piezo element have also been developed and can be used.
- the time during which the laser light interacts with the molecule of the compound to be measured for ionization depends on the oscillation time of one pulsed laser beam, and is therefore substantially the same as the oscillation time (irradiation time) of one pulsed laser beam used.
- a pulse valve that operates in a very short time is preferable.
- the lower limit is 0.1 or more, preferably 1 or more, more preferably 10 or more, particularly preferably 50 / S or more, and the upper limit is 5 ms or less, preferably 2 mS. Below, more preferably 50 (s) or less, particularly preferably 200 or less.
- the valve can be operated in a shorter time.
- the size of the opening is determined so as to create a supersonic molecular jet, which depends on the evacuation capacity of the vacuum ionization chamber. to 1 Yuzuru about 2, in particular 0 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 0. 5 mm 2 Degree is through Always appropriate.
- the sample introduction method may be either continuous introduction or pulse introduction, but pulse introduction is preferable in consideration of the load on the exhaust system such as a pump.
- the pulse valves described above are preferred.
- Each pinhole nozzle may be mounted on the same valve or the like, or may be mounted on a separate valve or the like. That is, the number of valves and the like in the sample introduction section may be one or more.
- the size of the opening of each nozzle is determined so as to create a supersonic molecular jet, which depends on the evacuation capacity of the vacuum ionization chamber, etc., and is approximately 0.05 to 3 mm in diameter, especially 0.1 to 0.1 mm. One degree is usually appropriate.
- the interval between the nozzles may be about 5 to 200 mm, usually about 20 to 50 mm. When the number of nozzles is three or more, they may be arranged linearly or may be random.
- the orientation of the nozzles should be such that the molecular ginite injected from each nozzle intersects between one electrode of the repeller and the accelerating electrode, preferably near one electrode of the repeller. What is important here is that the ionized molecules do not spread sporadically, and this requires the space at the entrance of the mass spectrometer, that is, at the one electrode of the repeller. It is necessary that it is getting smaller. As a specific method for this, it is preferable to mix molecular jets ejected from two or more nozzles at a position near one electrode of the repeller.
- the gap need not be used, but the use of a pinhole nozzle slightly reduces the degree of disturbing other molecular jets, and also reduces the exhaust system of the mass spectrometer. It is preferable because the burden on The gap is provided so as to partition between the nozzle and the vacuum ionization chamber to prevent a molecular flow in a peripheral portion of the molecular jet from entering the vacuum ionization chamber and to pass only a central portion of the molecular jet. Therefore, in principle, the opening of the nozzle and the opening of the skimmer are provided so that the centers thereof substantially coincide with each other.
- An appropriate distance between the discharge port of the nozzle for forming the molecular jet and the slit of the skimmer is about 2 to 300 mm, particularly about 7 to 100 mm.
- the aperture diameter of the skimmer is about 0.1 to 1 nun, especially about 0.2 to 0.8 strokes.
- the molecular unit is preferably formed so as to protrude toward the sample introduction side.
- the gap is divided so that the space other than the opening is not communicated with the vacuum ionization chamber.
- metal such as SUS and aluminum, glass, heat-resistant plastic, and the like can be used.
- Evacuation means will be provided so that the molecular jets pushed by the skimmer do not go to the vacuum ionization chamber.
- the size of the slit of the slit nozzle is determined so as to create a supersonic molecular unit, which depends on the exhaust capacity, etc., but usually has a width of about 0.01 to 1,0 mm, especially 0.1 to 0.1 mm. 0.8 mm, length about 5 ⁇ 200, especially about 10 ⁇ 30 ram, width: length ratio is about 1 : 5 ⁇ 1 : 1000, especially about 1 : 10 ⁇ 1: 300 .
- the nozzle can be attached by, for example, a slit nozzle and a valve as described in the aforementioned Review Science Instrumentation, Vol. 67, pp. 410-416 (1996), that is, the slit and the seal.
- a holder with a cord that operates is operated by a drive mechanism of three commercially available pulse valves.
- the length is not too long, that is, if it is about 30 or less, one drive mechanism can be used.
- the slit nozzle and vacuum ionization chamber A slit skimmer is provided to prevent the entry of the molecular flow in the peripheral portion of the molecular jet into the vacuum ionization chamber.
- the slit of this skimmer is provided so that only the central part of the molecular jet discharged from the nozzle of the sample introduction part passes through. Therefore, in principle, the slit of the nozzle and the slit of the skimmer are The centers are provided so as to substantially coincide.
- the distance between the slit nozzle discharge port that forms the molecular jet and the slit of the slit gap is about 3 to 30 occlusion, especially? About 25 is appropriate.
- the slit of the skimmer should have a width and a length that are greater than the width and length of the slit nozzle. More preferably, it is 1.2 to 1.5 times.
- the width of the slit of the skimmer is about 0.11 to 1.2 mm, especially about 0.1 to 1.0 mm, the length is about 5 to 200 TM, especially about 10 to 30 rigid, width: long
- a ratio of about 1: 4 to 1: 1000, especially about 1:10 to 1: 150 is appropriate.
- the present invention is effective even if the slit of the skimmer has a flat plate-like skimmer in which the slit is formed or the slit protrudes toward the vacuum ionization chamber, but the molecular jet that has passed through the slit is effective.
- the protrusion is formed to protrude toward the sample introduction side.
- the projecting shape is preferably such that both side surfaces of the slit approach in a straight plane or concave shape from the base end toward the tip of the slit.
- the angle between the center of the slit tip and the base of the slit on both sides is preferably about 20 to 70 degrees, particularly preferably about 40 to 50 degrees.
- the skimmer is partitioned so as not to communicate with the vacuum ionization chamber except for the slit.
- the skimmer can be made of metal such as SUS or aluminum, glass, or heat-resistant plastic. Evacuation means will be provided so that the molecular jets, which are pushed by the slit skimmer, do not go to the vacuum ionization chamber.
- Pulsed laser single optical oscillator can generate high power pulsed laser single light
- the following types can be used as long as they oscillate a single-pulse laser light of the order of nanoseconds. That is, dye lasers are most commonly used.
- an excimer laser or a yag laser is used as a bombing light source, and the wavelength can be continuously changed from 330 to: LOOO nm by exchanging the laser dye.
- an optical parametric oscillation laser has been marketed, and it is possible to oscillate using this instead of a dye laser.
- the generation area can be expanded to 220 nm by using the harmonic generation and mixing of the dye.
- Laser light of the order of seconds can be roughly oscillated by a system consisting of a XeC1 excimer laser-excited femtosecond pulse dye laser and a broadband KrF excimer laser. This quenches the nanosecond dye laser and further excites the short cavity laser, passing it through a saturable absorber and generating a 9 ps pulse. This light pulse is amplified by a dye amplifier and used as pump light of a distributed feedback dye laser. Eventually, pulsed laser light with a wavelength in the ultraviolet range and a maximum output of about 20 mJ on the order of femtoseconds can be obtained. If part of the oscillation of a femtosecond laser is blocked, laser light of the order of nanoseconds can also be emitted.
- an ultrashort pulse laser beam having a peak output of 1 MW or more, oscillated by a pulse laser light oscillator.
- Preferred peak powers are 10 MW to 100 GW, particularly preferably 100 MW to 10 GW.
- the peak power indicates the intensity of the laser light, and is expressed as laser light energy (J) / oscillation time (s).
- laser multiphoton ionization means that the molecule of the compound to be measured transitions from the ground state to an excited state by a photon having an energy corresponding to the energy difference between the excited state and the photon energy. This is the process of ionization.
- the preferred irradiation time is 3 times or less, more preferably 2 times or less, particularly preferably about the same as the excitation lifetime.
- the preferable lower limit of the irradiation time is 1 Zioooo or more, more preferably 1/4000 or more, and particularly preferably 1 Z2000 or more.
- preferred irradiation times are on the order of 100-500 fs, more preferably on the order of 200-300 fs.
- the laser light energy it is preferable to increase the laser output energy so that the peak output can be increased, so that it is larger as long as the molecule is not decomposed.However, when there is a slight difference in density between the center of the laser beam and the outside of the beam In some cases, fragmentation that occurs when a molecular jet is irradiated may be spatially distributed, so that an effect may be obtained even if the laser light energy is slightly reduced.
- the preferred pulse laser energy is 5 mJ or less, more preferably 4 mJ or less, and particularly preferably 3 mJ or less.
- a preferred lower limit is 1 ml or more, and more preferably 2 mJ or more.
- the wavelength of the laser beam to be irradiated is, in principle, the one corresponding to the energy difference between the ground state and the excited state specific to each molecule to be measured, that is, the resonance wavelength.
- ionization is performed even at a non-resonant wavelength, so that sufficient effects can be obtained.
- the focusing of one laser beam is not limited at all, and various shapes such as a normal beam cross section or a flat shape formed using a special lens (cylindrical lens) can be used.
- the irradiation position of the laser beam is preferably before the molecular jet is affected by other molecular jets. This is because when the molecular jets start to intersect, the molecular flow changes or the molecules start to move, and the S / N ratio drops because there is no point in using molecular jets. .
- the S / N ratio is not significantly reduced even if the molecule interacts with a molecule derived from another molecular jet. If a gap is added, only molecules that contribute to a signal with a uniform molecular flow can be extracted, and the diameter of molecular jets can be reduced, so that interference between molecular jets becomes slower. In some cases, the degree of freedom of the shape is expanded.
- the ionization chamber has a structure capable of forming a high vacuum, and only needs to be provided with a window made of a material that transmits one laser beam.
- the vacuum ionization chamber and the vacuum chamber of the mass spectrometer are connected and there is no partition.
- the portion where the ionization is performed is a portion corresponding to the vacuum ionization chamber.
- any type of mass spectrometer such as a time-of-flight type, a quadrupole type, and a double focusing type can be used.
- An oil rotary pump, a mechanical booster pump, an oil diffusion pump, a turbo molecular pump, etc. are connected to the ionization chamber, the mass spectrometer adjacent to it, and the molecular jet discharge section where the slit skimmer is partitioned. G to 1 0 - to be held in about 8 torr.
- the ionization chamber is evacuated by an oil-free turbo molecular pump. Is good.
- Turbo molecular pumps have a structure in which rotating blades with a slit inserted into a disk and fixed blades with the slit inclined in an alternating manner are alternately arranged. At the bottom, the axis of the rotor is arranged vertically. The rotating blades rotate at high speed (2000-7000 rpm) at a speed similar to the translational speed of the molecules. The molecules collide with the rotating blades, are knocked down downstream, and are carried to the exhaust port.
- the compression ratio (the ratio of the exhaust pressure to the intake pressure) is a measure of the pump performance. However, since the compression ratio is high for hydrocarbons having a high molecular weight, a clean oil-free vacuum can be obtained. Degree of vacuum in the vacuum chamber by this turbo-molecular pump 1 0- 6-10 - to about e torr, the pump capacity corresponding thereto is selected.
- turbo molecular pump also as a means for evacuating the vacuum chamber of the mass spectrometer.
- the ionization chamber (or equivalent site) or the anterior chamber force when using a skimmer is kept at O ' ⁇ orr or less, so as long as it is gaseous, it will be near normal pressure Since the pressure is sufficient and this is the driving force and is introduced, there is no need to pressurize, but direct introduction of a high-pressure sample does not cause any problem.
- the pressure is reduced, the density of molecular jets is increased, and the sensitivity may be slightly improved, which is sometimes preferable.
- the mass number determination and detection of molecular ions can be performed by operating the mass spectrometer in a normal operation state, and recording can be performed by a general digital oscilloscope-recorder.
- Example 1
- the laser-ionization mass spectrometer shown in Fig. 1 was fabricated. Many of the components used in this device are commercially available.
- a pulse valve (PN91-47-900 (85 kg / cnf)) manufactured by General Valve was used in the sample introduction section 1 and a pulse laser-optical oscillator 2 was used.
- mass spectrometer 4 is a time-of-flight type with a 450 mm long flight tube
- detector 46 is Hamamatsu Photonics.
- An F 1094 microchannel plate manufactured by ( ⁇ ) was used, and a recorder (not shown) used was a Lecro y 9360 digital oscilloscope.
- the opening of the nozzle 12 of the panoresis valve 11 was a circular hole having an inner diameter of 0.8 nun.
- the vacuum chamber 40 of the mass spectrometer was evacuated by a UTM 150 type turbo molecular pump manufactured by Nippon Vacuum Engineering Co., Ltd. with a pumping speed of 190 ⁇ Z s.
- the ionization chamber 3 by laser light irradiation was evacuated with a ULK-06A type oil diffusion pump manufactured by Japan Vacuum Engineering Co., Ltd., whose evacuation speed was 1200 / s.
- the pulsed laser light 22 emitted from the oscillator 2 is condensed by the lens 21 and enters the vacuum ionization chamber 3 through the window 31.
- the sample gas is intermittently introduced by the pulse valve 11 of the sample introduction unit 1 and is ejected from the nozzle 12 to form the molecular jet 13.
- This molecular jet 13 enters the vacuum ionization chamber 3.
- the molecular jet 13 is irradiated with a laser beam 22 to be ionized, and enters the mass spectrometer 4.
- the direction of the molecular jet flow is first changed by 90 degrees by the repeller electrode 42, and then accelerated by the high-voltage accelerating electrode 43. Further, each ion passes through an ion passage hole 44 provided in the partition wall 41 and is detected by an ion detector 46. This detection signal is measured by a digital oscilloscope.
- Mass spectrometry was performed using benzene as the sample gas.
- Laser light of 4 ns to 1 ps and 1 to 1000 MW was oscillated by changing the pulse width and oscillation wavelength of the laser light.
- the wavelength was 28 nm.
- Chlorobenzene was flowed at a constant concentration together with argon gas, and introduced into a vacuum ionization chamber in a molecular jet state by a pulse valve. Ionization was performed by irradiating a laser beam with an energy of 1 mJ or 4 mJ and changing the peak power to 1 MW, 10 MW, 100 MW, and 1 000 MW. At this time, the laser irradiation time was in the range of 1 ps to 4 ns.
- the ions generated by irradiating a pulsed laser beam in synchronism with the sample introduction are detected by the microphone opening channel plate of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and integrated by a digital oscilloscope 200 times to make a spectrum. I got The result is shown in figure 2.
- the energy of a pulsed laser beam is 4 mJ ⁇
- the ion intensity (relative value) at a peak output of 400 KW is about 0.4, and the ion intensity at 1 mi of energy and a peak output of 1 MW is about 0.5. Therefore, the ion intensity has increased by more than 20%, and it is clear that the ion intensity is dependent on the peak power, not the energy of the laser beam. Also, with the same pulsed laser single-light energy, the measured ion intensity was higher when the peak output was higher than in the comparative example, and increased with the peak output.
- Example 2 Femtosecond order was oscillated by an LPD 500fs laser system manufactured by Lambda Physik. The wavelength was set to 28 nm as in Example i.
- Clog mouth benzene, bromobenzene and iodobenzene are introduced into a high-vacuum ionization chamber with a constant concentration of supersonic molecular dinitride together with argon gas, and the peak power and irradiation energy are reduced to 0.
- the laser was irradiated with 500 fs and 150 fs with a laser beam changed by 2 to 1.5 mP, and ionization was performed. By the way, the peak output at this time was 0.4 ⁇ : L0GW.
- the generated ions were detected by a microchannel plate of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and integrated by a Lecroy 9360 type digital oscilloscope 200 times to obtain a spectrum. The results are shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5.
- Example 2 The same experiment as in Example 2 was performed using the same apparatus as in Example 2, except that a part of the oscillation of the femtosecond laser was blocked and a single laser beam of 15 ns was applied.
- Figures 3 to 5 show the results.
- the excitation lifetime of black benzene is 600 ps, 500 fs, 150 fs, and 15 ns of laser irradiation time are 1/1200, 1/4000, and 25 times, respectively, and the excitation lifetime of bromobenzene is 30 ps, respectively. It is equivalent to 1 Z60, 1 Z200, and 500 times, and similarly, the excitation lifetime of o-benzene is reported to be about 400 fs, which is equivalent to about 1 / 1.3, about 1 / 2.7, and about 37,500, respectively. As is evident from Fig. 5, the effect was observed with the irradiation time almost as short as the excitation life. From Figs.
- the effect was effective up to the irradiation time of 1Z10000, the excitation life. Also, from these figures, it can be seen that remarkable ionization efficiency improvement effect can be obtained by irradiating laser light with the excitation lifetime as a guide. Further, the first and second embodiments were performed under the same apparatus and under the same conditions except that only the oscillation condition of the pulsed laser beam was changed, that is, the peak power, irradiation time and energy of the laser beam were changed. Ionic strengths are relative values, but can be compared. Therefore, it can be seen from Figs.
- the ionization efficiency increases when the peak output is increased with an energy in a range that does not cause fragmentation of the molecules during irradiation with the panoramic laser beam.
- the laser light energy in Fig. 3 is 1 miz?
- the irradiation time of 500 fs and 150 fs corresponds to a peak output of 2 GW (2000 MW) and 6.7 GW (6700 MW).
- the ionic strength at this time can be read as 1.5 and 1.7, respectively.
- the ion intensity at a laser light energy of 1 m3 ⁇ 4 increases with an increase in the peak power, and reaches 1.4 at 1000 MW. It is clear that the ionization efficiency has been improved by increasing the peak power.
- ionization efficiency is improved by irradiation of ultrashort pulse laser light having a large peak output, but the irradiation time is short. Since irradiation energy does not increase and does not cause extreme fragmentation, high-sensitivity detection is possible, and the lower limit of quantification (detection) can be reduced.
- the laser ionization mass spectrometer shown in FIG. 6 was manufactured. Many of the parts used in this equipment are commercially available.
- the sample introduction part 1 is equipped with a pulse valve (PN91-47-900 (85 kg / cnf)) manufactured by General Valve, and a pulse laser-one-optical oscillator 2 Spectra—MO PO—730 laser system manufactured by Physics, mass spectrometer 4 is a 1200-tube long flight tube reflectron type flight-time type, and detector 46 is Hamamatsu F made by Photonics II A 1094 microchannel plate and a recorder (not shown) were a Lecro y 9360 digital oscilloscope.
- the opening of the nozzle 12 of the pulse valve 11 was a circular hole with an inside diameter of 0.8.
- Both the vacuum chamber 40 of the mass spectrometer and the ionization chamber 3 using laser light irradiation were evacuated with a UTM 150 type turbo molecular pump manufactured by Japan Vacuum Engineering Co., Ltd. with a pumping speed of 190 / s.
- the pulsed laser beam 22 emitted from the oscillator 2 is condensed by the lens 21 and enters the vacuum ionization chamber 3 from the window 31.
- the sample gas is intermittently introduced by the pulse valve 11 of the sample introduction unit 1 and is ejected from the nozzle 12 to form the molecular jet 13.
- This molecular jet 13 enters the vacuum ionization chamber 3.
- the molecular jet 13 is irradiated with a laser beam 22 to be ionized, and enters the mass spectrometer 4.
- the direction of the molecular jet flow is first changed by 90 degrees by the repeller electrode 42, and then accelerated by the high-voltage accelerating electrode 43. After that, it passes through the ion passage hole 44. Further, each ion is reflected by the ion reflector 45 and detected by the ion detector 46. This detection signal is measured by a digital oscilloscope.
- Mass spectrometry was performed using 0-chlorophenol as a sample gas.
- the pulse laser light in the order of nanoseconds has a wavelength of 278.5 nm and a pulse width of 5.
- the light energy of the pulse laser was 1 mJ.
- a certain amount of 0-cloth funinol was added dropwise to a 500 ⁇ flask flowing Argon gas (initial concentration: 200 ppm). Dropping was performed once / 20 minutes.
- the above-mentioned pulse valve connected to the outlet of the flask in such a manner as to partially remove it was opened 200 / is at 10 Z-second intervals, and introduced into a high vacuum ionization chamber with a supersonic molecular jet.
- the ions generated by irradiating a pulsed laser beam in synchronism are detected by a time-of-flight microphone opening channel plate and T / JP97 / 03029
- Example 8 shows the results.
- Example 4 As can be seen from the comparison between Example 3 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4, according to the present invention, the sample introduction time is shortened, and the oil-free pump is used for exhausting the ionization chamber. Since the background caused by this can be reduced, high-sensitivity detection becomes possible, and the lower limit of quantification (detection) can be reduced.
- Example 4
- the laser ionization mass spectrometer shown in FIGS. 10 to 11 was manufactured. Many of the components used in this instrument are commercially available.
- the sample introduction unit 1 is equipped with a pulse valve (PN91-47-900 (85 kg / cnf)) manufactured by General Va 1 Ve, and a pulse laser.
- the optical oscillator 3 is a Spectra-Physics MOP0-730 type laser system
- the mass spectrometer 4 is a 1200 tube long flight tube reflectron type time-of-flight type
- the detector 46 is Used a F1094 microchannel plate manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics KK, and a Leyroy 9360 digital oscilloscope as a recorder (not shown).
- the sample introduction part was equipped with a pulse valve 11 shown in FIG.
- the pulse valve 11 is made of stainless steel, and has two pinhole nozzles 12 having an opening diameter of 0.2 mm, which are provided at an interval of 30 points between the center points.
- Skimmer 14 was made of stainless steel, had a wall thickness of 0.8 mm, had a hole diameter of 0.3, and had an outer wall angle of 55 ° at the tip and an inner wall angle of 45 °.
- the position of the gap was 25 mm from the nozzle.
- the angle at which the molecular jets cross each other is set to 20 so that the molecular jets obtained by the two nozzles and the skimmer of the same shape intersect at the electrode position of the repeller of the mass spectrometer.
- the two nozzles were operated together in synchronization with the laser beam.
- the pulsed laser light 22 emitted from the oscillator 2 is condensed by the lens 21 and enters the vacuum ionization chamber 3 through the window 31.
- the sample gas is intermittently introduced by the pulse valve 11 of the sample introduction unit 1 and is ejected from the nozzle 12 to form a molecular jet 13.
- the molecular jet 13 collides with the skimmer 14, and only its central portion passes through the hole 15 of the skimmer 14 and enters the vacuum ionization chamber 3. Therefore, the molecular jet 16 is irradiated with a laser beam 22 to be ionized. And enters the mass spectrometer 4.
- the irradiation direction of the laser beam 22 is on the same plane as the plane formed by the two molecular jets, and is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the two molecular jets.
- the vacuum chamber 40 of the mass spectrometer 4 first, the direction of the molecular diet 16 is bent 90 degrees by the repeller electrode 42, and then accelerated by the high-voltage acceleration electrode 43. Further, the ions are reflected by the ion reflector 45 and each ion is detected by the ion detector 46. This detection signal is measured by a digital oscilloscope.
- An exhaust system is connected to each of the front chamber 17, the vacuum ionization chamber 3, and the vacuum chamber 40 of the mass spectrometer which are partitioned by the skimmer 14, and the inside is maintained in a vacuum state.
- Mass spectrometry was carried out using benzene as a sample gas.
- the laser light energy was 2 mJ
- the irradiation time was 5 ns
- the wavelength was 269.8 nm.
- the benzene was introduced into the high-vacuum ionization chamber 4 with a supersonic jet of a certain concentration together with argon gas.
- the generated ions were detected by a microchannel plate and integrated by a digital oscilloscope 10 times to obtain a spectrum. The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 4 there is no change in the peak width between Example 4 and Comparative Example 5. Also, in Example 4, two samples were used to introduce twice as many samples as in Comparative Example 5, so that the SZN ratio was clearly doubled. Therefore, a large amount of sample can be introduced, and the peak width does not increase, so that high sensitivity can be achieved in direct proportion to the amount of sample introduced.In other words, the introduction device is considerably smaller than the other parts, so the analysis device, especially This means that high sensitivity can be achieved while keeping the exhaust system compact.
- Example 4 As can be seen from the comparison between Example 4 and Comparative Example 5 described above, according to the present invention, a large amount of samples can be introduced by a compact mass spectrometer without increasing the capacity of the mass spectrometer, that is, by using a compact mass spectrometer. There is an effect that the sensitivity can be improved while the ionization mass spectrometer is compact.
- the laser-ionized mass spectrometer shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 was manufactured. Many of the parts used in this equipment are commercially available.
- the sample introduction section I is equipped with a pulse valve (PN91-47-900 (85 kg / cn)) manufactured by General Va1ve, and a pulse laser light oscillator.
- 2 is a Spectra- Physics MOP 0-730 laser system
- mass spectrometer 4 is a 1200, long flight tube reflector-tron type flight time type
- detector 46 is Hamamatsu A F1094 microchannel plate manufactured by Photonics Co., Ltd. was used, and a digital oscilloscope 9360 manufactured by Lecr y was used as a recorder (not shown).
- the slit nozzle 12 of the sample introduction part was made of SUS and had a slit opening of 0.1 mm X 10 mm.
- Two kinds of slit skimmers 14 having the cross section shown in FIG. 15 were produced.
- the angle between the center of the slit tip and the proximal end of both sides of the slit was 40 ° for one and 50 ° for the other.
- the skimmer 14 is made of aluminum and has a maximum thickness of 1.2i, the tip of the slit is sharp, and the size of the opening of the slit 18 is 0.2 dragon X 12 mm .
- the position of the slit gap 14 was set at 25 positions from the nozzle 12, and the nozzle 12 and the gap 14 were installed so that the major axis directions were the same and the centers coincided.
- the pulsed laser beam 22 emitted from the oscillator 2 is condensed by the lens 21 and enters the vacuum ionization chamber 3 from the window 31.
- the sample gas is It is intermittently introduced by a loose valve 11 and is ejected from a slit nozzle 12 to form a molecular jet 13.
- the molecular jet 13 collides with the slit skimmer, only its central portion passes through the slit 18 of the skimmer; only a substantially parallel flow enters the vacuum ionization chamber 3.
- the molecular jet 16 is irradiated with a laser beam 22 to be ionized, and enters the mass spectrometer 4.
- the direction of the molecular jet 16 is first bent by 90 degrees by the repeller electrode 42, and then accelerated by the high voltage accelerating electrode 43. Thereafter, the ions pass through the ion passage hole 44, are further reflected by the ion reflector 45, and are detected by the ion detector 46. This detection signal is measured by a digital oscilloscope.
- An exhaust system is connected to each of the front chamber 17, the vacuum ionization chamber 3 and the vacuum chamber 40 of the mass spectrometer, which are partitioned by slit slits, so that the inside is maintained in a vacuum state.
- Mass spectrometry was performed using chlorobenzene as the sample gas.
- the laser light energy was 2 mJ
- the irradiation time was 5 ns
- the wavelength was 269.8 nm.
- the benzene was introduced into the high-vacuum ionization chamber 3 with a supersonic jet of a certain concentration together with argon gas.
- the generated ions were detected by a microchannel plate and integrated by a digital oscilloscope 10 times to obtain a spectrum. The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 5 The same experiment was performed using the same apparatus as in Example 5 except that no slit skimmer was added. The molecular jet at this time was injected as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 14, and the obtained result is shown in FIG.
- Example 5 As can be seen from the comparison between Example 5 and Comparative Example 6 described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to introduce a large amount of samples without increasing the capacity of the mass spectrometer, that is, by using an inexpensive and compact mass spectrometer. The effect is that the sensitivity can be improved while the ionization mass spectrometer is compact.
- the ionization efficiency is improved by irradiation with an ultrashort pulse laser having a large peak output—light irradiation, but the irradiation time is short because the irradiation time is short. Does not increase and does not cause extreme fragmentation, enabling high-sensitivity detection and lowering the lower limit of quantification (detection).
- the sample guide time is shortened, and an oil free pump is used for exhausting the ionization chamber, which reduces background caused by oil or remaining sample, enabling high-sensitivity detection and lowering the quantification (detection). Can be reduced.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97937847A EP0860859A1 (en) | 1996-08-29 | 1997-08-29 | Laser ionization mass spectroscope and mass spectrometric analysis method |
| US09/065,089 US5977541A (en) | 1996-08-29 | 1997-08-29 | Laser ionization mass spectroscope and mass spectrometric analysis method |
| KR1019980703112A KR19990067163A (ko) | 1996-08-29 | 1997-08-29 | 레이저 이온화 질량 분석 장치 및 질량 분석 방법 |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8/228283 | 1996-08-29 | ||
| JP8/228284 | 1996-08-29 | ||
| JP8228284A JPH1069878A (ja) | 1996-08-29 | 1996-08-29 | レーザイオン化質量分析装置 |
| JP22828396A JP3765434B2 (ja) | 1996-08-29 | 1996-08-29 | レーザーイオン化質量分析装置 |
| JP8230866A JPH1074479A (ja) | 1996-08-30 | 1996-08-30 | レーザーイオン化質量分析装置及び質量分析方法 |
| JP8/230867 | 1996-08-30 | ||
| JP8/230866 | 1996-08-30 | ||
| JP8230867A JPH1074480A (ja) | 1996-08-30 | 1996-08-30 | レーザーイオン化法質量分析装置 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1998009316A1 true WO1998009316A1 (fr) | 1998-03-05 |
Family
ID=27477321
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1997/003029 Ceased WO1998009316A1 (fr) | 1996-08-29 | 1997-08-29 | Spectroscope de masse a ionisation par laser et procede d'analyse par spectroscopie de masse |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5977541A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0860859A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR19990067163A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1998009316A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7342223B2 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2008-03-11 | Shimadzu Corporation | Mass spectrometer for biological samples |
| CN104854447A (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-08-19 | 富鲁达加拿大公司 | 通过质谱流式细胞术的样品分析 |
| CN113851230A (zh) * | 2020-06-28 | 2021-12-28 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | 一种聚变超声分子束加料强束流聚束装置 |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19822674A1 (de) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-12-09 | Gsf Forschungszentrum Umwelt | Gaseinlaß für eine Ionenquelle |
| DE19913451C2 (de) | 1999-03-25 | 2001-11-22 | Gsf Forschungszentrum Umwelt | Gaseinlaß zur Erzeugung eines gerichteten und gekühlten Gasstrahls |
| SG99872A1 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2003-11-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method and apparatus for laser analysis of dioxins |
| CA2326514A1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2001-07-10 | Mds Inc. | An apparatus for and method of discriminating against unwanted ionized species in mass spectrometry with collision and reaction devices |
| EP1287547A2 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2003-03-05 | The Johns Hopkins University | Pulsed laser sampling for mass spectrometer system |
| AUPR474801A0 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2001-05-31 | University Of Sydney, The | Mass spectrometer |
| US20040036018A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2004-02-26 | Yoshihiro Deguchi | Device and method for detecting trace amounts of organic components |
| US6703610B2 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2004-03-09 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Skimmer for mass spectrometry |
| JP5604165B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-19 | 2014-10-08 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 質量分析装置 |
| CN102466655B (zh) * | 2010-11-16 | 2015-12-16 | 上海华质生物技术有限公司 | 一种微流控芯片与质谱联用检测装置及方法 |
| DE102016113771B4 (de) * | 2016-07-26 | 2019-11-07 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Vertreten Durch Den Bundesminister Für Wirtschaft Und Energie, Dieser Vertreten Durch Den Präsidenten Der Bundesanstalt Für Materialforschung Und -Prüfung (Bam) | Analysevorrichtung für gasförmige Proben und Verfahren zum Nachweis von Analyten in einem Gas |
| CN113340972B (zh) * | 2021-05-06 | 2023-11-21 | 清华大学 | 基于快速压缩机的超快时间分辨质谱诊断系统 |
| US11667992B2 (en) | 2021-07-19 | 2023-06-06 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Tip for interface cones |
| CN114280005A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-05 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | 一种氢及氢同位素的快速分析检测装置及方法 |
| EP4706078A1 (en) * | 2023-05-02 | 2026-03-11 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Advection-based transport of ablated material |
| KR102822876B1 (ko) * | 2023-05-22 | 2025-06-18 | 강원대학교산학협력단 | 고분해능 진공 자외선 질량분석 문턱 이온화 질량 분광계 |
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| JPH06201567A (ja) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-07-19 | American Teleph & Telegr Co <Att> | 質量スペクトル測定用手段を含む装置 |
| EP0723282A1 (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1996-07-24 | AT&T Corp. | Laser-assisted particle analysis |
| JPH08203468A (ja) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-08-09 | Hitachi Ltd | 大気圧イオン化質量分析計 |
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- 1997-08-29 EP EP97937847A patent/EP0860859A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-08-29 US US09/065,089 patent/US5977541A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-08-29 KR KR1019980703112A patent/KR19990067163A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1997-08-29 WO PCT/JP1997/003029 patent/WO1998009316A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| JPH06201567A (ja) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-07-19 | American Teleph & Telegr Co <Att> | 質量スペクトル測定用手段を含む装置 |
| EP0723282A1 (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1996-07-24 | AT&T Corp. | Laser-assisted particle analysis |
| JPH08203468A (ja) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-08-09 | Hitachi Ltd | 大気圧イオン化質量分析計 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7342223B2 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2008-03-11 | Shimadzu Corporation | Mass spectrometer for biological samples |
| CN104854447A (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-08-19 | 富鲁达加拿大公司 | 通过质谱流式细胞术的样品分析 |
| CN104854447B (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2017-04-26 | 富鲁达加拿大公司 | 通过质谱流式细胞术的样品分析 |
| CN113851230A (zh) * | 2020-06-28 | 2021-12-28 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | 一种聚变超声分子束加料强束流聚束装置 |
| CN113851230B (zh) * | 2020-06-28 | 2023-06-13 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | 一种聚变超声分子束加料强束流聚束装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR19990067163A (ko) | 1999-08-16 |
| EP0860859A1 (en) | 1998-08-26 |
| US5977541A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
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