WO1998023330A1 - Method of forming energy distribution - Google Patents
Method of forming energy distribution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998023330A1 WO1998023330A1 PCT/JP1997/002459 JP9702459W WO9823330A1 WO 1998023330 A1 WO1998023330 A1 WO 1998023330A1 JP 9702459 W JP9702459 W JP 9702459W WO 9823330 A1 WO9823330 A1 WO 9823330A1
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- Prior art keywords
- distribution
- energy
- vector
- density
- source
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/103—Treatment planning systems
- A61N5/1031—Treatment planning systems using a specific method of dose optimization
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
- A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of determining an energy source to be applied to a target system and forming an energy distribution such that an energy distribution generated in a target system matches a desired distribution.
- the distribution pattern of the energy source forming the field is determined. Specifically, it is a method of sequentially setting grid points in space and assuming a unit energy source at each grid point to obtain a pattern close to a desired field distribution. When the pattern matching degree reaches the maximum, the search ends.
- the pattern matching is evaluated by the angle 6> between the measured distribution pattern vector V and the calculated distribution pattern vector U.
- the pattern matching degree is defined by the following equation (1).
- FIG. 1 (a) shows the target magnetic field distribution 101
- Fig. 1 (b) shows an arc-shaped coil 102 for forming a distribution close to the target magnetic field distribution estimated by the SPM method. is there.
- FIG. 1 (c) is a magnetic field distribution 103 generated by the arc-shaped coil 102 of FIG. 1 (b).
- the size of the circle is shown to be proportional to the magnetic field strength. This approximately reproduces the magnetic field pattern shown in Fig. 1 (a), indicating the effectiveness of the SPM method.
- the current flowing through the coil must be constant. This is because the above method only distributes the current source in units, and in principle cannot change the amplitude of the current.
- the conventional method for forming the energy distribution is configured as described above, the position of the energy source with a constant intensity can be determined, but there is a problem that the intensity of the energy source cannot be varied.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has as its object to obtain a method of forming an energy distribution capable of changing the intensity of the energy source distribution. Disclosure of the invention
- a first step of determining the minimum value q »i» and the maximum value q »« of the energy source density, and m energy source density setting positions X i (i l,... M)
- the second step of setting the minimum energy source density q enjoyedikie to the position X i of each of i l to m except for i where + ⁇ q> q
- the fifth step is to change the energy source density at the position X i giving the degree of coincidence to qi + A q, and until the energy source density at all the positions X i reaches the maximum energy source density q »a
- the present invention provides, as an energy source distribution, a charge density distribution, a particle beam beam intensity distribution, a current density distribution, a voltage source distribution, an electromagnetic field source distribution, a radiation source distribution, a heat source distribution, a light source distribution, a load distribution, and a sound source.
- Distribution ⁇ One of the magnetization distributions is selected. This makes it easier to select an energy source.
- the present invention selects, as an energy distribution, any one of an electric field distribution, a particle dose distribution, a potential distribution, an electromagnetic field distribution, a stress distribution, a displacement distribution, a temperature distribution, a flow velocity distribution, a sound pressure distribution, and a radiation intensity distribution. It is intended to do so. This makes it easy to select the energy distribution.
- a cosine (cos) component of an angle formed between the calculated energy distribution vector U i and a desired energy distribution vector V is used as the degree of coincidence. . This makes it possible to efficiently obtain the input energy that provides the desired energy distribution.
- a sign (s in) component of an angle formed between the calculated energy distribution vector U i and a desired energy distribution vector V is used as the pattern matching degree. This makes it possible to efficiently obtain the input energy that gives the desired energy distribution.
- a proton beam dose distribution is selected as a particle beam dose distribution
- a proton beam intensity distribution is selected as a particle beam intensity distribution. This makes it possible to easily obtain an energy intensity distribution with steep rising and falling characteristics.
- the present invention provides an irradiation source of a particle beam as an energy source distribution.
- the dose distribution is selected, and as the energy distribution, the particle dose distribution in the body is selected. This allows the radiation dose distribution in the body to be set to the desired distribution. For example, because the dose inside the tumor is made uniform and the radiation dose given to surrounding normal tissues can be minimized, the entire tumor can be treated effectively and side effects can be reduced.
- the present invention is such that a proton beam is selected as a particle beam.
- a proton beam is selected as a particle beam. This allows the radiation dose distribution in the body to be set to the desired distribution in proton beam therapy. For example, because the dose inside the tumor is made uniform and the radiation dose given to surrounding normal tissues can be minimized, the entire tumor can be treated effectively and side effects can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional SPM method
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method of forming an energy distribution according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing m charge densities and n charges in space.
- FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of an electric field setting position versus a desired electric field intensity
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an operation process for determining a charge distribution
- FIG. 6 is an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a distribution diagram of electric charge intensity with respect to a charge position for explaining a method of forming an energy distribution according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional SPM method
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method of forming an energy distribution according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing m charge densities and n charges in space.
- FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of an electric
- FIG. 7 is a distribution diagram of electric field intensity with respect to a position for explaining a method of forming an energy distribution according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing a method for forming an energy distribution according to the second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the charge intensity and the charge position according to the method for forming the energy distribution according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- Distribution map The first 0 Figure distribution diagram of electric field intensity with respect to position according to the method of forming the by that energy distribution to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a method of forming an energy distribution according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a radiation dose distribution diagram with respect to a lateral position.
- Fig. 13 is a radiation dose distribution map for a set point on the human body surface
- Fig. 14 is a proton beam intensity distribution map for a lateral position
- Fig. 15 is a radiation dose distribution map for a set point on the human body surface
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a proton therapy apparatus to which the method for forming an energy distribution according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is applied
- FIG. 17 is a depth distribution map of a body dose
- FIG. 19 is a flow chart for determining the irradiation dose distribution of proton beam
- Fig. 20 is an explanation of the process of determining the irradiation dose of proton beam with respect to the thickness of the edge absorber
- Fig. 21 is a diagram showing the distribution of the irradiation dose of the proton beam with respect to the thickness of the edge absorber.
- Fig. 22 is a diagram showing the desired dose distribution in the body and the calculated dose distribution in the body.
- Figure 2 shows the calculated dose distribution in the body and the single-energy proton beam.
- Fig. 24 shows the dose distribution in the body, and Fig. 24 shows the dose distribution in the body, Fig. 25 shows the contour map of the dose distribution in the body, and Fig. 26 shows the thickness of the edge absorber.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the proton dose to the laser beam.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for forming an energy distribution according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- ST 1 is the first step of determining the minimum value q » in and the maximum value of the energy source density to be determined
- This is the third step of calculating the energy distribution vector Ui by increasing only the lugi source density qi by a predetermined value ⁇ q (except for i where qi + ⁇ q> q réelle X).
- ST 4 calculates the cosine (cos) component of the angle formed by the calculated energy distribution vector U i and the desired energy distribution vector V, and sets the fourth step to obtain a coincidence degree 7 i. -up, ST 5 the fifth step, 3 Ding 6 energy source density maximum all positions say yes 1 to change the energy source density position X i that gives the largest pattern matching degree ⁇ i to qi + a q
- the third step ST3 to the fifth step ST5 are repeated until the energy source density q> reaches the energy source density q>, and the sixth step of searching for the energy source density distribution P that gives the maximum value of the pattern matching degree i ST7 calculates an approximate ratio a between the energy distribution vector UP calculated using the density distribution P searched in the sixth step ST6 and the desired energy distribution vector V, and P / a Is the best estimate of the energy source density distribution. It is a tip.
- reference numeral 10 denotes a linear space in which electric charges ⁇ to q m are distributed.
- the minimum value q » in and the maximum value q» u of the charge to be determined q » are determined.
- q »i» 0.
- q mi can be any positive number, but 1 for simplicity.
- m positions X i to ⁇ » are defined at regular intervals in the space 10 where the charges qi to q B exist, and the charges q q» at each position are temporarily set as q mi » And
- the electric field intensity distribution vector is calculated while individually increasing the electric charge at each position X i by the minimum unit ⁇ q.
- the j-th row and i-th column component Aji of the system matrix are given by the following equation (2).
- a ji 1 / (4 7 ⁇ £ rn 2 ) ⁇ ⁇ (2)
- the electric field intensity distribution vector U (e!, E 2 ,... E, ») ⁇
- ⁇ represents the transposed value of the vector.
- U is a 10-row vector
- A is a 10-by-50 matrix
- Q is a 50-row vector
- the pattern matching degree is obtained by calculating the third and fourth steps ST3 and ST4.
- the charge at the position X i is increased by ⁇ q for i giving the largest pattern matching degree i.
- the approximate ratio a between the energy distribution vector UP calculated using the charge distribution P searched in the sixth step ST6 and the desired energy distribution vector V is calculated. And determine P / a as the charge distribution. Since this was originally calculated assuming the maximum value of the charge to be 1, it is a necessary means to find the absolute value of the charge distribution.
- FIG. 6 is a distribution diagram of the charge density with respect to the charge position determined as described above.
- FIG. 7 is a distribution diagram of the electric field intensity with respect to the electric charge position, and this electric field intensity distribution closely matches the distribution diagram of the desired electric field intensity with respect to the electric field setting position shown in FIG. That is, it can be seen that a desired electric field intensity distribution was formed.
- the fourth stage The angle itself between the energy distribution vector U i calculated in ST 4 and the desired energy distribution vector V is used as the evaluation function, and the energy source density distribution that minimizes this angle in the sixth step ST 6 You may search for P.
- the sin component of the angle between the energy distribution vector U ⁇ calculated in the fourth step ST4 and the desired energy distribution vector V is used as the evaluation function, and this is calculated in the sixth step ST6.
- the energy source density distribution P that minimizes the evaluation function may be searched.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a method of forming an energy distribution according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- ST 1 is a first method for determining the minimum value q »i» and the maximum value q »» of the energy source density to be determined.
- ST 4 calculates the cosine (cos) component of the angle formed by the calculated energy distribution vector Ui and the desired energy distribution vector V, and determines the pattern coincidence i as the fourth step, ST 5,
- the fifth step ST 6, which changes the energy source density at the position X i that gives the largest pattern matching degree i to qi — is the energy source density q resumei ⁇ with the minimum energy source density at all positions X i.
- the sixth step ST 7 which searches for the energy source density distribution P that gives the maximum value of the pattern matching degree i while repeating the third step ST 3, to the fifth step ST 5, until In the sixth step ST 6, the density distribution P
- the second embodiment is functionally different from FIG. 2 in that the charges at all positions are set to the maximum value, and the state is sequentially reduced by ⁇ ⁇ q in the third step ST 3 ′. It only takes a search procedure to go.
- Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 2 can be called an addition method
- the procedure of Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 8 can be called a deletion method.
- FIG. 9 is a distribution diagram of the charge density with respect to the charge position determined by this deletion method.
- FIG. 10 is a distribution diagram of the electric field intensity with respect to the electric field setting position, and this electric field intensity distribution matches the distribution map of the desired electric field intensity with respect to the electric field setting position shown in FIG. That is, it can be seen that a desired electric field intensity distribution was formed.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a method of forming an energy distribution according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- a pencil beam (proton beam) 31 is used as an irradiation target.
- the irradiation intensity distribution (energy source distribution) of the pencil beam 31 is determined so as to give a desired radiation dose distribution (energy distribution) when irradiating the human body 32 of the present invention.
- a distribution in a direction (lateral direction) perpendicular to the pencil beam 31 is given as shown in FIG.
- the distribution is uniform in the range of the width W, and is set to zero outside the distribution.
- the dose distribution D (X, 0) on the human body surface when the pencil beam 31 is scanned in parallel in the horizontal direction is given by the following equation (6). Given. (x-X ') 2
- I (x) is the pencil beam intensity at the coordinate x, or 1 / on the human body surface when the pencil beam 31 enters the human body 32 as a medium.
- e is the scattering radius.
- S (E, 0) is the stopping power of the incident energy E beam on the human body surface.
- FIG. 14 is a proton beam intensity distribution diagram with respect to the lateral position determined in the third embodiment.
- the radiation dose distribution formed at a set point on the human body surface is represented by a bold line in FIG. It becomes like. This is a distribution close to the desired distribution shown in FIG.
- the thin line in Fig. 15 shows the distribution when the proton beam intensity is uniformly irradiated.
- Figure 14 shows the proton beam intensity distribution, but the actual radiation dose is proportional to the product of the proton beam intensity and the irradiation time.
- Fig. 14 can be considered as a pattern diagram of the proton beam irradiation time when the proton beam intensity is constant.
- the proton beam intensity distribution determined by the third embodiment may have a more excellent sharp fall characteristic. all right.
- the energy source distribution of the target system is the charge distribution or the proton beam intensity distribution.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a particle beam (such as carbon) other than a proton beam may be used.
- the energy distribution (electric field distribution, magnetic field distribution, magnetic flux density distribution, stress distribution, stress distribution, displacement distribution, temperature distribution, heat velocity distribution, sound pressure distribution, radiation intensity distribution, etc.) that the energy source forms in the target system is also
- the corresponding energy source distribution (current density distribution, magnetization distribution, heat source distribution, sound source distribution, voltage source distribution, electromagnetic field source distribution, light source distribution, load distribution, radio wave source distribution, radiation source Distribution, etc.) can be determined by the method of the present invention.
- a one-dimensional energy source distribution is determined for simplicity, but it is needless to say that a two-dimensional or three-dimensional energy source distribution can also be determined.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory view showing a method of forming an energy distribution according to the present invention.
- the conventional proton beam therapy described in Medical Physics, Vol. 10, pp. 344 (1989) is shown in FIG. It shows a modified device, that is, a device that treats a target such as a tumor inside the human body by irradiating it with a proton beam.
- reference numeral 41 denotes a beam absorber in which the proton beam 42 is inputted as a parallel beam
- 43 denotes a moving beam in the direction of the arrow to pass through the passing range of the proton beam 42.
- 4-4 is a volume that changes the energy of the proton beam
- 45 is a dose monitor that measures the irradiation dose
- 46 is a computer that inputs the measured amount of the dose monitor 45
- 4 7 is the surface of the human body
- 48 is an evening target such as a tumor inside the human body.
- the proton beam 42 is incident as a uniform parallel beam from above, and the energy of the proton beam 42 is attenuated by the edge absorber 41. Move the leaves to the width of the tumor.
- the bolus 44 changes the energy of the proton beam 42 according to the shape of the tumor.
- the edge sorber 41 and the bolus 44 are made of a material such as acryl, which has almost the same proton beam attenuation characteristics as a human body.
- the irradiation dose is measured by the dose monitor 45, and the measured dose is taken into the computer 46.
- the timing to move the edge-absorber 41 and the multi-leaf collar 43 is controlled.
- virtual slices 1, 2, 3,... Are created in order from the deepest part, and irradiation is performed for each slice in order to form the dose distribution of each slice.
- the dose monitor 45 measures the irradiation dose for each slice, and irradiates it sequentially while controlling it so that it matches the pattern calculated in advance.
- the irradiation dose is proportional to the time integral of the irradiation radiation intensity.
- the irradiation beam intensity (radiation intensity) is constant, so the irradiation dose is often controlled by changing the irradiation time for each slice.
- the accelerator is a synchrotron, the irradiation beam intensity is not constant over time, so the irradiation dose is often controlled by measuring the irradiation dose with a dose monitor.
- the irradiation dose distribution energy source distribution
- Figure 17 shows the depth distribution of internal dose.
- Fig. 17 is a modified version of the figure described above.
- the irradiation dose (energy source distribution) for slice 1, slice 2, and slice 3 is expressed as ql, q2, and q3, respectively.
- This figure is based on an experiment using a water model that is almost equivalent to the human body.
- the dotted line represents the dose distribution in the body optimized by the conventional method, and the flatness in the flattened area was insufficient.
- Fig. 18 shows a more detailed irradiation method.
- the number of slices along the posterior shape of the evening target 48, such as a tumor, is one slice of the typical length L of the evening target 48 in the figure. Divide by the thickness of For example, if the length of L is 6 mm and the slice thickness is 2 mm, the number of slices is 3.
- Figure 19 is a flow chart for determining the irradiation dose distribution (energy source distribution) of the proton beam 42. It is the same as Fig. 2 except that it is a flowchart for determining the irradiation dose distribution of the proton beam 42 that gives the target internal dose distribution (energy distribution).
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the process of determining the irradiation dose of the proton beam with respect to the thickness of each edge absorber 41.
- i 21 and m are numbers corresponding to the thickness of the edge-absorber 41.
- i 21 and m are numbers corresponding to the thickness of the edge-absorber 41.
- the thickness of the ⁇ edge absorber 41 is increased by 2 mm.
- the thickness of one bar 41 corresponds to 50 mm. Others are the same as Fig.5.
- Fig. 21 shows the irradiation dose distribution with respect to the thickness of the edge absorber 41 calculated by the algorithms in Fig. 19 and Fig. 20.
- Fig. 21 shows the solution giving the maximum value of pattern matching. This corresponds to the irradiation dose distribution P in step ST16 in Fig. 19.
- Fig. 22 shows the target desired internal dose distribution V and the internal dose distribution Up when the irradiation is performed with the irradiation dose distribution obtained by the calculation of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis is the depth in the body (however, the water depth replaced with water). It can be seen that the desired internal dose distribution was given.
- FIG. 23 shows the in-vivo dose distribution Up and the in-vivo dose distribution given by the monoenergetic proton beam 42 when the irradiation is performed with the irradiation dose distribution obtained by the calculation of the present invention.
- the irradiation dose distribution calculated this time it was found that the attenuation characteristics of the dose at the part deeper than the target area were the same as those of the single-energy proton beam 42. This is necessary when there is an important organ such as the spinal cord that should not be irradiated at the back of the tumor.
- the intracorporeal dose distribution formed by the present invention can have a flatness of approximately 2% or less in the intracorporeal dose distribution within a predetermined range (the position of the tumor), and the dose attenuation at the posterior part of the tumor has ideal characteristics. Since it is physically impossible to obtain a decay rate that exceeds the decay characteristics of the single-energy proton beam 42, the results of this invention impose a theoretical limit.
- FIG. 24 shows the in vivo dose distribution when the tumor of FIG. 18 is deep in the water.
- irradiation is performed in order from the deepest slice 1, and ⁇ the edge absorber 41 and the multi-leaf collar 43 are moved for each slice. It can be seen that a uniform body dose is formed at the tumor site.
- Fig. 25 shows the contours of the internal dose distribution, showing that 100% internal dose is formed at the tumor site, and the attenuation characteristics of internal dose in the depth direction and the lateral direction are extremely low. It is extremely steep and ideal.
- the proton beam is described as an example of the particle beam, but the same applies to other particle beams such as a helium beam, a carbon beam, and a neon beam. is there.
- the dose distribution in the body according to the water model shown in FIG. 16 is adopted as the dose distribution U i in the depth direction in FIG. 18. It is desirable to calculate the dose distribution in the body based on the X-ray CT image data of the patient with high accuracy and use it as the dose distribution U i in the depth direction in Fig. 18.
- the Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the internal dose distribution with high accuracy based on the patient's X-ray CT image data (Radiation Research, Vol. 74, pp. 21--23, 1970) The method using the Goiten et al. On the page) and the infinite slab model (Russell et al. Published on the page Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 40, October 31, 2004, page 1975)
- the dose distribution U i in the depth direction can be calculated based on these, and applied to the present invention.
- a proton beam having a diameter of about 6 mm is made incident on the system shown in FIG. 16 to scan the proton beam having a diameter of about 6 mm in two directions, ie, the X direction shown and the y direction (not shown) perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Is installed.
- the energy of the proton beam irradiated to the human body is adjusted by the edge absorber shown in Fig. 16 or an energy degrader with a similar function, or is adjusted in an accelerator that generates and accelerates the proton beam. Is done.
- the proton beam is three-dimensionally scanned.
- a fine volume element can be obtained. It is needless to say that the internal dose can be controlled every time and the dose distribution can be set to the desired three-dimensional distribution.
- the step width A q of the irradiation dose of the proton beam is described as always being 1/50 of a constant value.
- ⁇ (!,, Aq 2 ,..., At least one of ⁇ q » may be set to a different value from the others.
- Fig. 26 shows an example in which the minimum setting value of the irradiation dose is set to 0.1, and thereafter, it is increased to the maximum value 1.0 in increments of 0.01. With this setting, irradiation control can be performed with a sub-optimal dose under this restriction even when 0.1 or less cannot be set due to equipment restrictions. That is, n
- the method of forming an energy distribution according to the present invention is such that the intensity of the energy distribution can be varied.
- a target such as a tumor inside a human body
- It is useful as a method of forming an energy distribution to treat important organs behind the tumor without irradiating the energy distribution.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/091,158 US6256591B1 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1997-07-15 | Method of forming energy distribution |
| EP97930806A EP0897731A4 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1997-07-15 | METHOD FOR CHANGING THE POWER DISTRIBUTION |
| JP52449098A JP3784419B2 (ja) | 1996-11-26 | 1997-07-15 | エネルギー分布を形成する方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8/315279 | 1996-11-26 | ||
| JP31527996 | 1996-11-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1998023330A1 true WO1998023330A1 (en) | 1998-06-04 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1997/002459 Ceased WO1998023330A1 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1997-07-15 | Method of forming energy distribution |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6256591B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0897731A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3784419B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1998023330A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3361943B2 (ja) | 1996-11-26 | 2003-01-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | システム内部のエネルギー源分布を推定する方法 |
| JP2013519452A (ja) * | 2010-02-12 | 2013-05-30 | ローマ リンダ ユニヴァーシティ メディカル センター | 陽子コンピュータ断層撮影のためのシステム及び方法 |
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| JPH07275382A (ja) * | 1994-04-08 | 1995-10-24 | Technol Res Assoc Of Medical & Welfare Apparatus | 放射線治療システムの最適化方法 |
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| JP3361943B2 (ja) | 1996-11-26 | 2003-01-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | システム内部のエネルギー源分布を推定する方法 |
| JP2013519452A (ja) * | 2010-02-12 | 2013-05-30 | ローマ リンダ ユニヴァーシティ メディカル センター | 陽子コンピュータ断層撮影のためのシステム及び方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6256591B1 (en) | 2001-07-03 |
| EP0897731A4 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
| EP0897731A1 (en) | 1999-02-24 |
| JP3784419B2 (ja) | 2006-06-14 |
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