WO1999015271A1 - Particules polymetalliques ultrafines, leur preparation et leur utilisation pour l'hydrogenation d'olefines ou pour le couplage de derives halogenes aromatiques - Google Patents
Particules polymetalliques ultrafines, leur preparation et leur utilisation pour l'hydrogenation d'olefines ou pour le couplage de derives halogenes aromatiques Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- Ultrafine polymetallic particles their preparation and their use for the hydrogenation of olefins or for the coupling of aromatic halogen derivatives
- the subject of the present invention is a process for preparing ultrafine polymetallic particles, the particles obtained, and the use of the particles obtained, in particular for catalysis.
- Fine metallic particles are known for various applications, in particular in catalysis. Various methods for preparing them have been described. L. K. Kurihara, et al, (Nanostructured Materials, vol.
- the dimensions of the crystallites of the particles are greater than or equal to 8 nm, more generally between 10 and 80 nm. Only Ru and Pt make it possible to obtain mean dimensions of smaller crystallites, respectively 5 and 2 nm.
- Obtaining nanometric particles of Cu-Co is described in L. K. Kurihara, et al, J. Mat. Res. Flight. 10, n ° 6, June 1995. In this case, these are two metals with a standard oxidation potential between -1.20 V and +0.8 V, ie easy metals To reduce.
- the so-called "polyol" process does not however allow the preparation of fine particles of a metal which is difficult to reduce such as aluminum for example.
- Nanoscale particles containing aluminum can be prepared by reducing a salt with LiAlH 4 .
- a salt with LiAlH 4 is described by JA Haber, et al, (Advanced Materials, 1996, 8 no 2).
- the reaction mechanism of this process being as follows:
- the Al content has an upper limit corresponding to the valence of the associated metal.
- the structure of the powders obtained is difficult to control, the kinetics of A1H 3 decomposition being unpredictable.
- the preparation of nanometric intermetallic particles is also known using borohydrides.
- ST Schwab, et al (Materials Science and Engineering A204 (1995) 197-200), describe the preparation of intermetallic particles by reduction of a mixture of salts of different metals with a borohydride. (for example TiCl 4 + A1C1 3 + lithium triethylborohydride).
- This process makes it possible to obtain intermetallic particles without limitation on the respective metal contents. It nevertheless requires a heat treatment at 1000 ° C. to decompose the products obtained by reaction of the salts with the borohydride and obtain the metallic forms.
- the preparation of monometallic fine particles is also known by reaction of a metal salt with sodium hydride in solution in an organic solvent and in the presence of an alcoholate.
- a metal salt with sodium hydride in solution in an organic solvent and in the presence of an alcoholate.
- Such a process has been described for nickel particles and for zinc particles (Paul Caubère, et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1982, 104, 7130; P. Gallezot, C. Leclercq, Y. Fort, P. Caubère, Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 93 (1994) 79 83, pp. 80-83; Brunet, et al, Journal of Organic Chemistry 1980, vol. 45, pp. 1937-1945).
- the particles obtained have a crystallite dimension of the order of nm and are useful in particular as a catalyst for heterogeneous catalysts.
- This process is particularly interesting, but cannot be effectively used to prepare particles of a metal which is difficult to reduce, having a standard oxidation potential at 25 ° C of less than -1.20 V, such as aluminum for example. .
- a metal which is difficult to reduce, having a standard oxidation potential at 25 ° C of less than -1.20 V, such as aluminum for example.
- the reduction of an Al 3+ cation in the presence of sodium or lithium hydride has never been mentioned in these methods.
- the utility of polymetallic ultrafine particles is known as a catalyst in various reactions, in particular those which contain aluminum or another metal whose salts are difficult to reduce.
- the processes of the prior art do not allow easy obtaining of ultrafine polymetallic particles containing aluminum having good purity, with any aluminum content.
- the object of the present invention is to provide such a method.
- the present inventors have now found that, although the reduction of an aluminum salt by lithium or sodium hydride gives ultrafine particles of metallic aluminum which reoxidize rapidly in the reaction medium, it was possible to obtaining stable polymetallic particles containing aluminum and another metal, the content of Al being arbitrary, by reduction of a mixture of salts with an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydride.
- the present invention thus relates to a process for the preparation of ultrafine polymetallic particles, the particles obtained, as well as their uses.
- the process of the present invention is a process for the preparation of ultrafine polymetallic particles by reduction of a mixture of salts in solution in an organic solvent using an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydride, at a temperature lower than or equal to the reflux temperature of the solvent. It is characterized in that the mixture of salts in solution comprises at least one salt of a metal having a standard oxidation potential E ° M n + / M at 25 ° C greater than -1.18 V.
- the mixture of salts which is reacted with the hydride additionally contains at least one salt of a metal having a standard oxidation potential E ° M n + / M to 25 ° C below -1.20 V.
- the process is advantageously carried out by adding to the reaction medium, an aliphatic or aromatic alcoholate of an alkali metal, of an alkaline earth metal or of a transition metal or an amino alcohol of an alkali metal, of an alkaline earth metal or of a transition metal.
- an aliphatic or aromatic alcoholate of an alkali metal, of an alkaline earth metal or of a transition metal or an amino alcohol of an alkali metal, of an alkaline earth metal or of a transition metal has the effect of activating the reduction reaction of metal ions by the hydride.
- the salts used in the process of the present invention can be chosen from halides. They can also be chosen from organic salts such as acetates, acetylacetonates or from alcoholates.
- the salt of a metal with a standard oxidation potential E ° M n + / M at 25 ° C lower than -1.20 V is a salt of a metal chosen from the group consisting of V, Zr, Ce, Ti, Hf and Al.
- Aluminum salts are particularly advantageous.
- the salt of a metal with a standard oxidation potential EE ° M n + / M at 25 ° C greater than -1.18 V is a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au, Bi, Sb.
- a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au, Bi, Sb.
- Pd, Ag, Pt and Au which have a standard oxidation potential E ° M n + / M at 25 ° C greater than +0.8 V, are very easy to reduce.
- the relative amounts of the various salts used for the reduction reaction are chosen according to the composition desired for the polymetallic particles. final, it being understood that the proportions are preserved during the reduction reaction.
- the reducing agent used in the process of the invention is an alkali or alkaline earth hydride.
- these hydrides mention may be made of: LiH, NaH, KH, CaH 2 and MgH 2 . LiH and NaH are particularly preferred.
- NaH can advantageously be used in the form of a commercial solution at 65% by mass in mineral oil, optionally after washing with an aprotic organic solvent.
- lithium hydride a commercially available lithium hydride can be used in powder form.
- the hydride can be activated by the presence of an alcoholate or an aminoalcoholate.
- an alcoholate or an aminoalcoholate Sodium tert-butoxide, lithium tert-butoxide, aluminum isopropylate and sodium N, N-dimethylaminoethanolate are particularly preferred.
- the alcoholate is formed in situ by the action of the hydride on an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol preferably chosen from the group consisting of tertiobutanol, methyl-2-pentanol-2, phenol, monoethyl etherdiethylene glycol, neopentane, cyclohexanol, ethanol, isopropanol.
- the quantity of hydride (in number of moles) which is added to the medium must be at least equal to the sum of the valences of the metal cations to be reduced.
- An excess of hydride is desirable, preferably of the order of 20%.
- the reduction of the metal salt by the alkaline or alkaline earth hydride is carried out in an aprotic organic solvent.
- the solvent can be chosen from aprotic ethers, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons. A mixture of several solvents can be used. The following solvents are cited by way of example: tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, anisole, hexane heptane, octane, benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene. It is preferable to use solvents previously distilled, purified and dried, free of peroxides.
- the process of the present invention can also: be carried out in the presence of a compound comprising a nitrogenous or phosphorous ligand.
- a nitrogenous or phosphorous ligand for example 2, 2 '-bipyridine, dialkylpyridines and dialkoxypyridines
- terpyridines for example 2, 2', 6, 6 '-terpyridine
- triphenylphosphine 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane
- alkylphosphines 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane
- arylphosphines 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane
- the reagents are dispersed in the organic solvent.
- all the reactants are introduced simultaneously into the reactor.
- the reagents are introduced successively: into the reactor, the order of introduction is not critical.
- the reduction reaction of the salt mixture can be carried out at any temperature within the range limited by the solidification temperature and by the reflux temperature of the solvent used. It is particularly advantageous to carry out the reaction at the reflux temperature of the solvent when the reaction medium contains a metal salt having a low reduction potential.
- the progress of the reaction can be followed by measuring the quantity of hydrogen released, due to the reduction of the metal salts and, where appropriate, to the formation in situ of the alcoholates intended to activate the hydride.
- the material obtained by the proposed process consists of nanometric polymetallic particles having an average dimension of crystallites less than 4 nm and an intimate association of the various metals present inside the grains, consisting of at least one metal chosen from the group consisting by Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr Mn, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au, Bi and Sb, and at least one metal chosen from the group consisting of V, Zr, Ce, Ti, Hf et Al.
- a material consisting of particles containing at least 70% by number of Al atoms is particularly preferred.
- the particles obtained at the end of the reduction reaction can be used directly in the solvent in which they were obtained. Said solvent can also be removed to obtain particles in powder form. When a heat treatment is desired, it can be carried out either before the removal of the solvent, or on the powders obtained after removal of the solvent.
- the particles of the present invention exhibit catalytic properties in many reactions. They are particularly effective as a hydrogenation catalyst and as a direct coupling catalyst for aromatic halogen derivatives. Their yield and their reaction speed is significantly higher than those of the monometallic particles used up to now. Surprisingly, it has been found that the addition of Al, which has no catalytic activity, to a metal having intrinsic catalytic activity, increases the overall catalytic activity.
- the present invention is illustrated below by examples in which the catalytic performances of polymetallic particles obtained by the process according to the invention are compared with those of monometallic particles obtained by a similar process. In the attached figures:
- FIG. 1 represents the volume fraction FH of hydrogen released as a function of time T (expressed in minutes), for the reaction of Example 1 (curve 1), of Example 2 (curve 2) and of l 'example 3 (curve 3).
- Figure 2 represents the volume fraction FH of hydrogen released as a function of time T (expressed in minutes), for the reaction of Example 4 (curve 1), of Example 5 (curve 2) and l 'example 6 (curve 3).
- Figure 3 represents the curve showing the variation of the volume of hydrogen consumed VH (expressed in ml) as a function of the duration T (expressed in minutes) during a styrene hydrogenation reaction catalyzed by AINi particles (curve 1) and Ni (curve 2).
- Figure 4 represents the curve showing the variation of the volume of hydrogen consumed VH (expressed in ml) according to the duration T (expressed in minutes) during a hydrogenation reaction of cyclooctene catalyzed by AlNi particles (curve 1) and Ni (curve 2).
- Figure 5 represents the curve showing the variation of the volume of hydrogen consumed VH (expressed in ml) as a function of the duration T (expressed in minutes) during a hydrogenation reaction of diphenylacetylene catalyzed by AlNi particles (curve 1) and Ni (curve 2).
- the heating time at 63 ° C with stirring was 10 hours.
- the heating time at 63 ° C with stirring was 12 hours.
- the heating time at 63 ° C with stirring was 5 hours.
- the particles obtained by the method of Example 1 were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, using a Philips CM20 / STEM microscope. Characterization has shown that the size of the ultrafine particles obtained is of the order of a nanometer.
- Examples 12, 14 and 16 relate to a hydrogenation reaction catalyzed by polymetallic particles obtained according to Example 4 above.
- Examples 13, 15 and 17 relate to a hydrogenation reaction carried out under conditions strictly identical to those of Examples 12, 14 and 16, using monometallic particles of Ni obtained by Brunet, et al,
- Curves 1 and 2 in FIG. 3 correspond to Examples 12 and 13 respectively.
- Curves 1 and 2 in FIG. 4 correspond respectively to Examples 14 and 15.
- Curves 1 and 2 in FIG. 5 correspond to Examples 16 and 17 respectively.
- the yield of hydrogenated product formed over time was determined by gas chromatographic assay of the aliquots. The yields are expressed as a molar percentage.
- V volume of suspension used as catalyst (from Example 4 for Examples 12, 14 and 16; from the process described in Brunet, cited above, for Examples 13, 15 and 17)
- Examples 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 relate to a direct coupling reaction of aromatic halogenated derivatives catalyzed from the polymetallic particles obtained according to Example 10 above.
- Examples 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27 relate to a direct coupling reaction of aromatic halogen derivatives carried out under conditions strictly identical to those of Examples 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26, using monometallic particles obtained according to Lourak, et al, Journal of Organic Chemistry 1989, vol. 54, pp. 4840-4844, i.e., a monometallic nickel system.
- the procedure used for each of Examples 18 to 27 is as follows: the aromatic halogen derivative dissolved in 10 ml of THF was added dropwise to the particle suspension obtained in Example 10 for Examples 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 and to the suspension of particles obtained according to the Lourak process above for Examples 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27.
- the amounts of halogen derivative used are indicated in Table 3 below.
- the yield of coupling product formed over time was determined by gas chromatographic assay from aliquots. The yields obtained are expressed as a molar percentage on the one hand relative to the starting halogen derivative and on the other hand relative to the amount of nickel used. Table 3
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT98943986T ATE234153T1 (de) | 1997-09-23 | 1998-09-15 | Polymetallisches ultrafeines partikel, ihre bereitung und ihre verwendung für die hydrierung von olefinen oder für die kupplung von halogenierte derivaten |
| DK98943986T DK1019191T3 (da) | 1997-09-23 | 1998-09-15 | Ultrafine polymetalliske partikler, deres fremstilling og deres anvendelse til hydrogenering af olefiner eller kobling af halogenerede aromatiske derivater |
| EP98943986A EP1019191B1 (fr) | 1997-09-23 | 1998-09-15 | Particules polymetalliques ultrafines, leur preparation et leur utilisation pour l'hydrogenation d'olefines ou pour le couplage de derives halogenes aromatiques |
| US09/509,003 US6455746B1 (en) | 1997-09-23 | 1998-09-15 | Ultrafine polymetallic particles, preparation and use for hydrogenating olefins and for coupling halogenated aromatic derivatives |
| DE69812136T DE69812136T2 (de) | 1997-09-23 | 1998-09-15 | Polymetallisches ultrafeines partikel, ihre bereitung und ihre verwendung für die hydrierung von olefinen oder für die kupplung von halogenierte derivaten |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR97/11814 | 1997-09-23 | ||
| FR9711814A FR2768638B1 (fr) | 1997-09-23 | 1997-09-23 | Particules polymetalliques ultrafines, leur preparation et leur utilisation pour l'hydrogenation d'olefines ou pour le couplage de derives halogenes aromatiques |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999015271A1 true WO1999015271A1 (fr) | 1999-04-01 |
Family
ID=9511366
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1998/001967 Ceased WO1999015271A1 (fr) | 1997-09-23 | 1998-09-15 | Particules polymetalliques ultrafines, leur preparation et leur utilisation pour l'hydrogenation d'olefines ou pour le couplage de derives halogenes aromatiques |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6455746B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1019191B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE234153T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69812136T2 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK1019191T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2768638B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1999015271A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040055419A1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2004-03-25 | Kurihara Lynn K. | Method for making metal coated powders |
| US6645444B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2003-11-11 | Nanospin Solutions | Metal nanocrystals and synthesis thereof |
| US6887297B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2005-05-03 | Wayne State University | Copper nanocrystals and methods of producing same |
| US7901656B2 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2011-03-08 | Wayne State University | Metal oxide-containing nanoparticles |
| US7591871B1 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2009-09-22 | Sandia Corporation | Solution synthesis of germanium nanocrystals |
| KR100591492B1 (ko) | 2005-02-18 | 2006-06-20 | 한국화학연구원 | 새로운 백금 아미노 알콕사이드 화합물 및 그 제조 방법 |
| FR2915406B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-26 | 2010-03-12 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Composition catalytique a base de nanoparticules contenant un ligand azote dans un liquide ionique, procede de preparation, procede d'hydrogenation d'une charge olefinique |
| US8197901B2 (en) * | 2007-07-16 | 2012-06-12 | University Of Kentucky | In-situ nanoparticle formation in polymer clearcoats |
| EP2060323A1 (fr) * | 2007-11-12 | 2009-05-20 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Procédé pour la préparation de composés intermétalliques ordonnés de palladium et gallium, optionellement supportés, les composés mêmes et leur utilisation en catalyse |
| US8491698B2 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2013-07-23 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Metal-based nanoparticles and methods for making same |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5147841A (en) * | 1990-11-23 | 1992-09-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for the preparation of metal colloids in inverse micelles and product preferred by the method |
| EP0522669A2 (fr) * | 1989-10-17 | 1993-01-13 | Engelhard Corporation | Procédé de préparation de catalyseurs d'hydrogénation |
| DE4443705A1 (de) * | 1994-12-08 | 1996-06-13 | Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von tensidstabilisierten Mono- und Bimetallkolloiden der Gruppe VIII und Ib des Periodensystems als isolierbare und in hoher Konzentration wasserlösliche Precursor für Katalysatoren |
| WO1997033690A1 (fr) * | 1996-03-14 | 1997-09-18 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalyseur colloidal palladium-or pour la production d'acetate de vinyle |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2687951A (en) * | 1952-04-22 | 1954-08-31 | Ethyl Corp | Preparation of metal powders |
| US3180835A (en) * | 1962-07-17 | 1965-04-27 | California Research Corp | Stable metal sols and method for producing the same |
| US4111686A (en) * | 1971-05-06 | 1978-09-05 | Rene Antoine Paris | Production of metals and metal alloys of high purity |
| US3814696A (en) * | 1972-06-19 | 1974-06-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | Colloidal metal in non-aqueous media |
| DE3541633A1 (de) * | 1985-11-26 | 1987-05-27 | Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von feinverteilten metallpulvern |
| EP0363552B1 (fr) * | 1988-07-27 | 1993-10-13 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Procédé de fabrication de poudre métallique |
| DE3934351A1 (de) * | 1989-10-14 | 1991-04-18 | Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von mikrokristallinen bis amorphen metall- bzw. legierungspulvern und ohne schutzkolloid in organischen solventien geloesten metallen bzw. legierungen |
| DE4024205A1 (de) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-02-06 | Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh | Metall-magnesium-verbindungen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung zur herstellung feinverteilter metall- und legierungspulver sowie intermetallischer verbindungen |
| US5332646A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1994-07-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of making a colloidal palladium and/or platinum metal dispersion |
| FR2723015B1 (fr) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-09-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede d'obtention de poudres de fer ou a base d e fer par precipitation en phase liquide organique |
| EP0744234B1 (fr) * | 1995-05-26 | 1999-10-27 | Th. Goldschmidt AG | Procédé pour la fabrication de poudres métalliques nanocristallines et amorphes aux rayons X |
| US6103868A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 2000-08-15 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Organically-functionalized monodisperse nanocrystals of metals |
| US5872074A (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 1999-02-16 | Hydro-Quebec | Leached nanocrystalline materials process for manufacture of the same, and use thereof in the energetic field |
-
1997
- 1997-09-23 FR FR9711814A patent/FR2768638B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-09-15 DE DE69812136T patent/DE69812136T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-15 EP EP98943986A patent/EP1019191B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-15 WO PCT/FR1998/001967 patent/WO1999015271A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1998-09-15 AT AT98943986T patent/ATE234153T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-15 DK DK98943986T patent/DK1019191T3/da active
- 1998-09-15 US US09/509,003 patent/US6455746B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0522669A2 (fr) * | 1989-10-17 | 1993-01-13 | Engelhard Corporation | Procédé de préparation de catalyseurs d'hydrogénation |
| US5147841A (en) * | 1990-11-23 | 1992-09-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for the preparation of metal colloids in inverse micelles and product preferred by the method |
| DE4443705A1 (de) * | 1994-12-08 | 1996-06-13 | Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von tensidstabilisierten Mono- und Bimetallkolloiden der Gruppe VIII und Ib des Periodensystems als isolierbare und in hoher Konzentration wasserlösliche Precursor für Katalysatoren |
| WO1997033690A1 (fr) * | 1996-03-14 | 1997-09-18 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalyseur colloidal palladium-or pour la production d'acetate de vinyle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69812136T2 (de) | 2003-10-09 |
| EP1019191A1 (fr) | 2000-07-19 |
| FR2768638A1 (fr) | 1999-03-26 |
| EP1019191B1 (fr) | 2003-03-12 |
| FR2768638B1 (fr) | 1999-12-17 |
| DK1019191T3 (da) | 2003-07-14 |
| DE69812136D1 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
| ATE234153T1 (de) | 2003-03-15 |
| US6455746B1 (en) | 2002-09-24 |
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