WO2001009652A1 - Reseau de diffraction matrice de guide d'ondes - Google Patents
Reseau de diffraction matrice de guide d'ondes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001009652A1 WO2001009652A1 PCT/JP2000/000539 JP0000539W WO0109652A1 WO 2001009652 A1 WO2001009652 A1 WO 2001009652A1 JP 0000539 W JP0000539 W JP 0000539W WO 0109652 A1 WO0109652 A1 WO 0109652A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
- G02B6/12016—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by the input or output waveguides, e.g. tapered waveguide ends, coupled together pairs of output waveguides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating used in the optical communication field and the like.
- the optical wavelength division multiplex communication is, for example, a method of wavelength multiplexing a plurality of lights having different wavelengths from each other and transmitting them.
- light for each wavelength is extracted on the optical receiving side from a plurality of transmitted lights. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a light transmitting element or the like that transmits only light of a predetermined wavelength in the optical wavelength division multiplexing communication system.
- the light transmitting element there is an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating (AWG; ArraydWavegiuidDeGrating) as shown in (a) of FIG. 8, for example.
- the array waveguide diffraction grating is provided with a waveguide forming portion 10 having a waveguide configuration as shown in FIG.
- the waveguide configuration is as described below.
- the first slab waveguide 13 is connected to the emission side of one or more optical input waveguides 12 arranged in parallel.
- a plurality of array waveguides 14 arranged in parallel are connected to the output side of the first slab waveguide 13, and the second slab waveguide 1 is connected to the output side of the array waveguides 14. 5 is connected I have.
- a plurality of juxtaposed optical output waveguides 16 are connected to the exit side of the second slab waveguide 15.
- the array waveguides 14 are for transmitting light derived from the first slab waveguides 13 and are formed to have different lengths.
- the number of the optical input waveguides 12 and the optical output waveguides 16 is provided, for example, in accordance with the number of signal lights having different wavelengths to be demultiplexed by the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating. .
- the array waveguides 14 are usually provided in large numbers, for example, 100 lines. However, in the figure, for simplification of the figure, the numbers of these waveguides 12, 14, 16 are simply shown. Further, the waveguide configuration forming the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating is generally formed symmetrically with respect to the broken line axis C in the figure.
- FIG. 8 (b) of FIG. 8 A schematic diagram of an enlarged view showing the inside of the chain line frame A in (a) of FIG. 8 is shown in (b) of FIG.
- the exit side of the curved optical input waveguide 12 is directly connected to the entrance side of the first slab waveguide 13 Have been.
- the input side of the curved optical output waveguide 16 is directly connected to the output side of the second slab waveguide 15 (not shown in the figure).
- an optical fiber on the transmission side is connected to the optical input waveguide 12 so that wavelength-division multiplexed light is introduced.
- the light introduced into the first slab waveguide 13 through the optical input waveguide 12 spreads due to the diffraction effect and is incident on each of the plurality of array waveguides 14.
- the light that has propagated through each of the array waveguides 14 reaches the second slab waveguide 15, and is further collected and output by the optical output waveguide 16. Since the lengths of the arrayed waveguides 14 are different from each other, a phase shift of each light occurs after propagating through each arrayed waveguide 14.
- the wavefront of the converged light is tilted, and the position at which the light is collected is determined by the tilt angle. Therefore, the light condensing positions of the lights having different wavelengths are different from each other, and by forming the light output waveguides 16 at the positions, the light having different wavelengths can be transmitted to the different light output waveguides 1 for each wavelength. Can be output from 6.
- a wavelength multiplexed light having a wavelength of 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ is an integer of 4 or more) is input from one optical input waveguide 12.
- This light is spread by the first slab waveguide 13.
- the light reaches the array waveguide 14, passes through the second slab waveguide 15, and is condensed at different positions depending on the wavelength as described above.
- the light of each wavelength enters each different optical output waveguide 16, passes through each optical output waveguide 16, and is output from the output end of the optical output waveguide 16. Therefore, by connecting an optical fiber for optical output to the emission end of each optical output waveguide 16, the light of each of the split wavelengths is extracted through this optical fiber.
- the wavelength resolution of the diffraction grating is proportional to the difference (A L) between the lengths of the array waveguides 14 constituting the diffraction grating. Therefore, by designing the array waveguide diffraction grating to have a large ⁇ L, light multiplexing / demultiplexing of wavelength multiplexed light having a narrow wavelength interval, which cannot be realized by a conventional diffraction grating, can be performed. Therefore, the arrayed waveguide grating is required to realize high-density optical wavelength division multiplexing communication, which is an optical multiplexing / demultiplexing function for multiple signal lights. Or the function of multiplexing).
- the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating is applied to, for example, an optical wavelength division multiplexing communication system, and extracts, for example, light for each wavelength from a plurality of transmitted lights on an optical receiving side. Used for Therefore, in the arrayed waveguide grating, the center wavelength of the output optical signal is shifted. Is a fatal problem.
- the arrayed waveguide 14 has a refractive index temperature dependence. Therefore, the center wavelength of the transmission spectrum of the arrayed waveguide grating (the center wavelength of the output light from each optical output waveguide 16 of the arrayed waveguide grating) shifts due to the external environment temperature. .
- measures such as a method of controlling the temperature of the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating in Peltier or a method of heating the diffraction grating to a high temperature by a heater have been taken. When such measures are taken, the shift in the center wavelength of the transmission spectrum of the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating caused by the temperature dependence of the refractive index of the arrayed waveguide 14 is suppressed.
- the center wavelength shift of the transmission (transmission) spectrum is caused by the bent structure of the optical input waveguide 12, the core width (waveguide width) of the array waveguide 14, and the core thickness (waveguide thickness). ) And also due to the fabrication error of the refractive index.
- the wavelength shift of the transmission spectrum center of the array waveguide diffraction grating due to such a manufacturing error may not be able to be suppressed by the above temperature control. Therefore, the light transmission center may be reduced due to the manufacturing error of the core thickness and the refractive index.
- An arrayed waveguide grating has been proposed that has a configuration that allows sufficient isolation even if the wavelength is slightly shifted.
- This proposal is to make the passing spectrum of each light passing through the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating, for example, a spectrum as shown in FIG. That is, this proposal is to design an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating such that flat regions are formed on the long wavelength side and the short wavelength side of the light transmission center wavelength. In this way, if the flattened region is formed near the center wavelength of light transmission of the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating, sufficient isolation can be obtained even if the center wavelength of light transmission is slightly shifted. Therefore, the above proposal proposes a bent configuration of the optical input waveguide 12 of the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating. An arrayed waveguide diffraction grating that can function without problems even if the structure or the manufacturing error of the above parameters of the arrayed waveguide 14 occurs.
- Such an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating is called a flat band-pass type arrayed waveguide diffraction grating, and has, for example, a configuration shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and (b).
- the flat band-pass type arrayed waveguide diffraction grating has, for example, a tapered waveguide 8 (8a, 8a) in which the width of the waveguide increases toward the exit side of each optical input waveguide 12 toward the exit side. b).
- the tapered waveguide 8a shown in (a) of FIG. 10 is a parabolic tapered waveguide
- the tapered waveguide 8b shown in (b) of FIG. 10 is a slit tapered waveguide (Japanese Patent Application No. — See 2 3 7 4 4 0).
- These tapered waveguides 8a and 8b function as mode field expansion waveguides that expand the mode field of the signal light toward the emission side.
- the tapered waveguides 8a and 8b form the flattened regions shown in FIG. 9 in the transmission spectrum of the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating by the mode field expansion function. For this reason, it may be referred to as a flattened core pattern.
- the transmission spectrum of an arrayed waveguide grating is given by the superposition integral of the following two mode fields.
- One of them is a mode field at the entrance interface of the first slab waveguide 13 when the light emitted from the optical input waveguide 12 enters the first slab waveguide 13. It is.
- the other is a mode field at the entrance interface of the optical output waveguide 16 when light emitted from the second slab waveguide 15 enters the optical output waveguide 16.
- a flattened area as shown in Fig. 9 is obtained.
- the light transmission spectrum is obtained. That is, one method for obtaining the transmission spectrum having the flattened region is to widen the mode field of light emitted from the optical input waveguide 12 without distortion and make the mode field incident on the slab waveguide 13. It is. Another method for obtaining the transmission spectrum having the above-mentioned flattened region is to narrow the mode field of the light emitted from the second slab waveguide 15 without distortion to the optical output waveguide 16. That is to make it incident.
- the passing spectrum of the arrayed waveguide grating is reduced to the passing spectrum having a flattened region.
- Vector As shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 10, when a taper waveguide 8 (8a, 8b) is provided on the exit side of each optical input waveguide 12, the optical input waveguide 1 The mode field of the signal light propagating through 2 can be expanded toward the emission side. Therefore, the arrayed waveguide grating having the configuration shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 10 is a flat band-pass type arrayed waveguide grating.
- the method of expanding the mode field shape of the signal light by providing a mode field expansion waveguide such as the tapered waveguide 8 is obtained by generating and propagating higher-order mode components in the mode field expansion waveguide. It is a way to be. Also, when light is input to the center of the input of the mode field expansion waveguide, a uniform high-order mode component is generated and propagated. Therefore, when light enters the center position of the input of the mode field expansion waveguide, a mode field shape without distortion is formed, and the light transmission spectrum is flat on the long wavelength side and the short wavelength side of the center wavelength of the light transmission spectrum. Mode pattern can be obtained.
- the optical input waveguide 12 is formed in a curved state, the propagating light travels away from the center of the optical input waveguide 12 in the curved state. Therefore, the center of the optical power propagating through the optical input waveguide 12 deviates from the center of the optical input waveguide 12 depending on the radius of curvature of the optical input waveguide 12. In addition, the center of the optical power is deviated from the center of the optical input waveguide 12 due to the manufacturing error of the structural parameters (core thickness, core width, refractive index) of the optical input waveguide 12.
- the center of the optical power is incident on the center of the mode-field expanded waveguide such as the tapered waveguide 8. Then, a non-uniform high-order mode component is generated and propagated, and the output mode field of the tapered waveguide 8 is greatly distorted as shown in FIG. 10 (a).
- the tapered waveguide 8 makes it impossible to spread the mode field of the light emitted from the optical input waveguide 12 without distortion and make it enter the slab waveguide 13.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating capable of forming a flat region having good flatness on the long wavelength side and the short wavelength side of the center wavelength of the transmission spectrum. Is to do. That is, the present invention provides a flattened region having a good flatness, so that even if the optical transmission center wavelength is shifted due to a manufacturing error of an optical input waveguide or an arrayed waveguide forming an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating.
- an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating that can provide sufficient isolation and can increase the yield. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides means for solving the problem with the following configuration. That is, the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating of the first configuration of the present invention has a structure in which a first slab waveguide is connected to an output side of one or more optical input waveguides arranged in parallel, and the first slab waveguide is A plurality of side-by-side arrayed waveguides having different lengths for transmitting light derived from the first slab waveguide are connected to the output side, and a second side is connected to the output side of the plurality of arrayed waveguides.
- the second slab waveguide has a waveguide configuration in which a plurality of juxtaposed optical output waveguides are connected to the output side of the second slab waveguide.
- a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths are propagated with a phase difference for each wavelength by the array waveguide and made incident on a different optical output waveguide for each wavelength, so that light of different wavelengths differs.
- Arrayed waveguide type optical diffraction grating output from optical output waveguide In the above, a linear waveguide having a width smaller than the width of the optical input waveguide is connected to the output side of each optical input waveguide, and a mode field of the signal light is provided on the output side of each linear waveguide.
- a mode field expansion waveguide that expands toward the emission side is connected, and the emission side of each mode field expansion waveguide is connected to the incidence side of the first slab waveguide.
- the center in the width direction is aligned with the center in the width direction of the corresponding incident end of the mode field expansion waveguide, the width of each linear waveguide is W s, and each light input is It is characterized in that when the width of the force waveguide is Wb, Ws / Wb ⁇ 0.65.
- the first slab waveguide is connected to the emission side of one or more optical input waveguides arranged in parallel, and the first slab waveguide is A plurality of side-by-side arrayed waveguides of different lengths for transmitting light derived from the first slab waveguide are connected to the output side, and a second array waveguide is connected to the output side of the plurality of array waveguides.
- the second slab waveguide has a waveguide configuration in which a plurality of juxtaposed optical output waveguides are connected to the output side of the second slab waveguide.
- the plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths are propagated with a phase difference for each wavelength by the array waveguide, and are incident on different optical output waveguides for each wavelength, and light having different wavelengths is transmitted.
- Array waveguide type optical diffraction gratings that output from different optical output waveguides
- a linear waveguide having a width smaller than the width of the optical output waveguide is connected to the incident side of each optical output waveguide, and a mode field of signal light is emitted to the incident side of each linear waveguide.
- a mode-field reduction waveguide that narrows toward the side is connected, and the input side of each mode-field reduction waveguide is connected to the emission side of the second slab waveguide, and each of the linear waveguides is connected.
- the center in the width direction of the waveguide is aligned with the center in the width direction on the incident side of the corresponding light output waveguide, the width of each linear waveguide is W s, and the width of each light output waveguide is Is defined as W b, W s / W b ⁇ 0.65.
- the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating of the third configuration according to the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to the first configuration or the second configuration, the length of the linear waveguide is not more than 2000 Mm.
- a linear waveguide having a width smaller than the width of the optical input waveguide is connected to the output side of each optical input waveguide.
- a mode field expansion waveguide for expanding the mode field of the signal light as it goes toward the emission side is connected to the emission side. Then, the center in the width direction of each of the linear waveguides is aligned with the center in the width direction of the incident end of the corresponding mode field expansion waveguide. Therefore, the linear waveguide removes an extra high-order mode component of the light propagating through the optical input waveguide, and moves the center of the optical power to the center of the linear waveguide. Therefore, the center of the optical power can always be made incident on the center in the width direction of the mode-finished expanded waveguide by the action of each of the linear waveguides.
- the width of each linear waveguide provided between the output side of each optical input waveguide and each mode field expansion waveguide is optimized based on the results of the study by the present inventors. Value (W s ZW b ⁇ 0.65). Therefore, the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating of the first configuration removes an extra high-order mode component of the light propagating through the optical input waveguide by the linear waveguide, and shifts the optical signal power center to the mode field. The light can be incident on the center in the width direction of the incident end of the enlarged waveguide.
- the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating of the first configuration In the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating of the first configuration, a uniform high-order mode component is generated and propagated in the mode-field expanded waveguide due to the above operation, and the mode-field expanded waveguide is emitted. The mode field shape is totally distorted. Therefore, the first configuration
- the passing spectrum of the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating has a flattened region having good flatness on the long wavelength side and the short wavelength side of the center wavelength.
- the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating of the first configuration described above is sufficient. It can take a perfect isolation. Then, the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating of the first configuration is an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating that is resistant to the center wavelength shift of light transmission and has a high yield.
- the array waveguide diffraction grating has reciprocity, the same effect as in the first configuration is exerted in the second configuration of the present invention. That is, in the second configuration, the second slab waveguide, the mode-field reduction waveguide, the linear waveguide, and the optical output waveguide are connected in this order.
- the ratio of the width W s of each straight waveguide to the width W b of each optical output waveguide is W s / W b ⁇ 0.65, and W s /
- the value of Wb is an appropriate value as in the first configuration described above. Therefore, in the array waveguide grating of the second configuration, when the mode field of the light emitted from the second slab waveguide is reduced and input to the straight waveguide, the following operation occurs.
- each linear waveguide moves the center of the power of the optical signal propagating through the mode-field-reduced small waveguide to the center in the width direction of the linear waveguide, and shifts the center of the optical signal power.
- the light is output to the center in the width direction of the optical output waveguide.
- each straight waveguide suppresses the distortion of the mode field shape and makes light incident on the optical output waveguide. Therefore, also in the second configuration, flat regions having good flatness are formed on the long wavelength side and the short wavelength side of the center wavelength of the transmission spectrum of the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating, and The same effect as the configuration can be obtained.
- the array waveguide diffraction grating of the third configuration of the present invention In addition to the effects of the first and second configurations, by optimizing the length of the linear waveguide, it is possible to reduce the loss of light transmitted (passed) through the array waveguide diffraction grating.
- FIG. 1 is a main part configuration diagram schematically showing a first embodiment of an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is formed to determine the configuration of the above embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a waveguide configuration in which a linear optical input waveguide is connected to a taper waveguide via a linear waveguide, and FIG. 3 shows beam propagation using the waveguide configuration of FIG. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the mode field shape obtained by the method, and Fig. 4 shows the ratio W of the width W s of the linear waveguide to the width W b of the optical input waveguide obtained based on the graph of Fig. 3.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a waveguide configuration in which a linear optical input waveguide is connected to a taper waveguide via a linear waveguide, and FIG. 3 shows beam propagation using the waveguide configuration of FIG. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the mode field shape obtained by the method, and Fig. 4 shows the
- FIG. 5 is a graph (a) showing the relationship between the optical power P a ZP b with respect to s / W b and a graph (b) showing the relationship between the length of the straight waveguide and the excess loss.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing an example of the transmission spectrum of the TE mode and the TM mode in the arrayed waveguide grating of the embodiment. That.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows a connection state of an optical input waveguide, a straight waveguide, a tapered waveguide, and a first slab waveguide in a second embodiment of the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing an example of a TE mode and TM mode transmission spectrum in the arrayed waveguide grating of the second embodiment
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing an example of a transmission spectrum having a flattened region near the transmission center wavelength
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a waveguide configuration in which a tapered waveguide is provided between the exit side of the waveguide and the entrance side of the first slab waveguide.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a waveguide as shown in FIG. TE mode and TM mode of array waveguide grating with waveguide configuration 3 is a graph showing an example of a passing spectrum of a node.
- FIG. 1 (a) schematically shows a configuration of a principal part of an array waveguide diffraction grating according to a first embodiment of the present invention, together with its operation. Also, FIG. 1 (b) shows an enlarged view of the area within the broken line frame A in FIG. 1 (a).
- the present embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the conventional arrayed waveguide diffraction grating shown in FIG.
- This embodiment is different from the conventional example in that the output side of each optical input waveguide 12 and the input side of the first slab waveguide 13 are different from each other, as shown in FIG.
- the linear waveguide 1 and the tapered waveguide 8 are provided.
- the linear waveguide 1 is connected to the output side of each optical input waveguide 12.
- the width of each linear waveguide 1 is narrower than the width of each optical input waveguide 12, and the ratio of the width W s of each linear waveguide 1 to the width W b of each optical input waveguide 12 is W s / W b is 0.65 or less.
- the output side of each linear waveguide 1 is connected to a tapered waveguide 8 as a mode field expansion waveguide, and the output side of each tapered waveguide 8 is connected to the input side of the first slab waveguide 13. It is connected.
- each linear waveguide 1 serves as an optical power center position adjusting unit. That is, each linear waveguide 1 moves the center of the power of the optical signal propagating through the optical input waveguide 12 connected to each linear waveguide 1 to the center in the width direction of the linear waveguide 1.
- the optical signal power center is made incident on the center in the width direction of the incident end of the tapered waveguide 8.
- the tapered waveguide 8 is a slit tapered waveguide.
- Each of the optical input waveguide 12, the array waveguide 14, and the optical output waveguide 16 has a thickness of 6.5 ⁇ and a width of 6.5 jum, respectively.
- the width of the linear waveguide 1 is 2.5 ⁇ m, and the length is 1000 ⁇ m.
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the cladding of each of the waveguides 1, 12, 14, 16 was set to 0.80%.
- the present inventor formed the waveguide configuration shown in FIG. 2 in order to determine the configuration of the present embodiment, and performed the following calculation experiment by the beam propagation method (BPM) using this waveguide configuration. Tried.
- a linear waveguide 1 narrower than the optical input waveguide 12 is connected to the output side of the linear optical input waveguide 12, and the output side of the linear waveguide 1 is connected.
- the tapered waveguide 8 is connected to the first slab waveguide 13, and the exit side of the first slab waveguide 13 is connected to the exit side of the tapered waveguide 8.
- the center of the optical power of the curved optical input waveguide 12 is shifted from the center of the waveguide. In most cases, it will shift. Therefore, in order to simulate this state, the core of an optical fiber (not shown) connected to the input end of the optical input waveguide 12 in a linear state shown in FIG. In this state, light was incident from the incident end of the optical fiber. In this way, the center of the optical power propagating through the optical input waveguide 12 is centered in the width direction of the optical input waveguide 12 (optical axis), as in the case where the optical input waveguide 12 is curved. (Center) Cara l ju m
- the linear waveguide 1 having the width W s force S i .5 / m is a bandwagon, the width W s force S 3.
- the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is ⁇
- m is indicated by ⁇
- width W s by 6.5 zm is indicated by a brush.
- the present inventor sets the width W s of the linear waveguide 1 to the width Wb of the optical input waveguide 12.
- the relationship between the intensity ratio (Pa / P b) of the optical power Pa and the optical power P b divided into two peaks in FIG. 3 was obtained.
- the relationship between the width of the linear waveguide 1 and the distortion of the mode field power distribution at the end of the tapered waveguide 8 was examined.
- the width of the linear waveguide 1 is 2.5 ⁇ m smaller than the width of the optical input waveguide 12 (the W s / W b is Approximately 0.385), and the length of the linear waveguide 1 was set to 10000 / zm.
- each of the optical input waveguide 12, the array waveguide 14, and the optical output waveguide 16 had a thickness of 6.5 / m and a width of 6.5 ⁇ m.
- the present embodiment is configured as described above, and the array waveguide diffraction grating of the present embodiment is manufactured as follows.
- it is sintered at high temperature to make it transparent.
- the pattern of the photomask is transferred to the core film by photolithography and reactive ion etching.
- the waveguide is formed by the core.
- the embedding clad glass particles were deposited by flame hydrolysis deposition and formed into a sintered glass to form an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating.
- an optical fiber on the transmission side is connected to the optical input waveguide 12 so that wavelength-multiplexed light is introduced. I have.
- the light that has passed through the optical input waveguide 12 enters the linear waveguide 1, and the extra height of the light that has propagated through the optical input waveguide by the linear waveguide 1.
- the next mode component is removed.
- the center of the optical power is moved to the center of the linear waveguide 1, and the center of the optical power enters the center of the tapered waveguide 8 in the width direction.
- a uniform high-order mode component is generated and propagated in the tapered waveguide 8, and the mode field shape becomes a shape without distortion as a whole, and the end of the tapered waveguide 8 is formed. (Emission end) and enters the first slab waveguide 13.
- the light introduced into the first slab waveguide 13 spreads due to the diffraction effect and enters each of the plurality of array waveguides 14 and propagates through each array waveguide 14 as in the conventional example. I do. Then, the light that has propagated through the array waveguide 14 propagates through the second slab waveguide 15 and the optical output waveguide 16, and is emitted from the optical output waveguide 16.
- the mode field shape of the light emitted from the end (outgoing end) of the tapered waveguide 8 becomes a shape without distortion as a whole, and the first slab waveguide is formed. It is incident on 1 3. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the transmission spectrum emitted from each optical output waveguide 16 is substantially equal to the light having a flattened region with a good flatness as designed as shown in FIG. Become.
- each optical output waveguide 16 an optical fiber for optical output is provided at the output end of each optical output waveguide 16.
- an optical fiber for optical output is provided at the output end of each optical output waveguide 16.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the result of measuring the transmission spectrum of the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating of the present embodiment.
- the passing spectrum output from each of the optical output waveguides 16 has an almost ideal spectrum shape with almost no distortion of the overall shape, and excess loss. It was confirmed that there was no problem.
- a linear waveguide 1 narrower than the optical input waveguide 12 is provided on the output side of the optical input waveguide 12, and the width of the linear waveguide 1 is set to an appropriate value. Things. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the linear waveguide 1 removes an extra high-order mode component of light propagating through the optical input waveguide 12, and sets the center of the optical power to the linear waveguide 1. It can be moved to the center in the width direction. By the function of the linear waveguide 1, the optical signal power center can be made incident on the center of the tapered waveguide 8 in the width direction. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a uniform high-order mode component can be generated and propagated in the tapered waveguide 8, and the mode field shape exiting the tapered waveguide 8 has no overall distortion. It can be.
- the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating of the present embodiment can form a flattened region having good flatness as designed on the long wavelength side and the short wavelength side of the center wavelength of the passing spectrum. it can. Therefore, the present embodiment can provide a sufficient eye even if the light transmission center wavelength is slightly shifted due to a manufacturing error of the optical input waveguide 12 or the arrayed waveguide 14 forming the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating.
- the length of the linear waveguide 1 is set to 1000 / im of 200 ⁇ m or less based on the study of the present inventor. Light transmitted through the arrayed waveguide grating Loss can be reduced.
- the array waveguide diffraction grating of the second embodiment is configured in substantially the same manner as the first embodiment.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the tapered waveguide 8 is a parabolic tapered waveguide. That is, in the present second embodiment, the enlarged view inside the broken line frame A in (a) of FIG. 1 is as shown in FIG.
- the width of the straight waveguide 1 is 3. ⁇
- the length of the straight waveguide 1 is 500 zm.
- the second embodiment is manufactured in the same manner as the first embodiment, and performs the same operation.
- the shape of the transmission spectrum of the light output from each light output waveguide 16 is as shown in FIG. .
- the second embodiment can also provide the same effects as the first embodiment.
- the mode-field expansion waveguide is formed by the tapered waveguide 8, but the mode-field expansion waveguide is not always the taper waveguide 8.
- a mode-field expanded waveguide is a waveguide, such as a multi-mode interface waveguide (MMI), that has a rectangular shape and has barriers that confine light at both ends in the width direction. May be formed. That is, the mode field expansion waveguide may be a waveguide having a function of expanding the mode field of the signal light toward the emission side.
- the straight waveguide 1 is provided on the emission side of the optical input waveguide 12, but the following configuration may be adopted.
- a linear waveguide having a width smaller than the width of the optical output waveguide 16 is provided on the incident side of each optical output waveguide 16. Connect one.
- a mode field reduction waveguide for narrowing the mode field of the signal light toward the output side is connected to the incident side of each linear waveguide 1, and the input side of each mode field reduction waveguide is connected to the second slab waveguide. Connected to the exit side of waveguide 15.
- the following configuration can provide the same effects as those of the above embodiments due to the reciprocity of the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating. That is, the center in the width direction of each linear waveguide 1 is aligned with the center in the width direction of the incident end of the corresponding light output waveguide 16. Then, the respective linear waveguides 1 function as optical power center position adjusting means. That is, the center of the power of the optical signal propagating through the mode-field reduction waveguide connected to each straight waveguide 1 is moved by the straight waveguide 1 to the center in the width direction of the straight waveguide 1. Then, the optical signal power center is made incident on the center of the optical output waveguide 16 in the width direction by the linear waveguide 1.
- the mode field diameter reduced waveguide can be formed, for example, by changing the connection structure of the tapered waveguide 8 used as the mode field diameter expanded waveguide in each of the above embodiments.
- the wide side of the tapered waveguide 8 is connected to the emission side of the second slab waveguide 15, and the narrow side is connected to the optical output waveguide 16. It can be formed by connecting to the incident side of the linear waveguide 1.
- the mode-field-reduced waveguide can also be formed by a multi-mode interface waveguide.
- the width of the straight waveguide 1 is set to 2.5 xm, and in the second embodiment, the width of the straight waveguide 1 is set to 3.0 / m.
- the width of the waveguide 1 is not particularly limited, and is appropriately set.
- the length of the straight waveguide 1 is 100 ⁇ m, and in the second embodiment, the length of the straight waveguide 1 is 500 ⁇ m.
- the length of the straight waveguide 1 is not particularly limited, and is set as appropriate.
- the length of the linear waveguide 1 should be 50 ⁇ or more. It should be 0 0 im or less.
- the array waveguide diffraction grating of the present invention can form a flat region having good flatness on the long wavelength side and the short wavelength side of the center wavelength of the transmission spectrum. Therefore, the present invention can provide a sufficient isolation even if the light transmission center wavelength is shifted due to a manufacturing error of the optical input waveguide array waveguide forming the array waveguide diffraction grating or the like. Since the yield can be increased, it is suitable for a light transmitting element used for WDM communication.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00902038A EP1128193A1 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2000-02-01 | Array waveguide diffraction grating |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21674199A JP3448518B2 (ja) | 1999-07-30 | 1999-07-30 | アレイ導波路回折格子 |
| JP11/216741 | 1999-07-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001009652A1 true WO2001009652A1 (fr) | 2001-02-08 |
Family
ID=16693215
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2000/000539 Ceased WO2001009652A1 (fr) | 1999-07-30 | 2000-02-01 | Reseau de diffraction matrice de guide d'ondes |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1128193A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3448518B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2001009652A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011117157A1 (de) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Steuerung für ein precrash-sicherheitssystem in einem kraftfahrzeug |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6539150B2 (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2003-03-25 | Alcatel Optronics Uk Limited | Segmented waveguide flattening the passband of a phasar |
| DE10145277B4 (de) * | 2001-09-14 | 2007-04-05 | Photeon Technologies Gmbh | Optischer Wellenleiter mit Taper und Wellenlängenmultiplexer/-demultiplexer mit einem solchen Wellenleiter oder solchen Wellenleitern |
| KR100417001B1 (ko) * | 2001-12-17 | 2004-02-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 보조 광도파로를 구비한 광세기 분할기 |
| KR100417002B1 (ko) * | 2002-01-14 | 2004-02-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 안정화 광도파로를 구비한 광세기 분할기 |
| JP2005284256A (ja) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-10-13 | Nec Corp | 導波路型光スプリッタ及びこれ備えた導波路型光モジュール |
| JP4625420B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-04 | 2011-02-02 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光回路 |
| CN103238093A (zh) * | 2010-12-01 | 2013-08-07 | 日本电气株式会社 | 光分支元件、使用光分支元件的光波导设备,以及制造光分支元件的方法,制造光波导设备的方法 |
| CN114740568A (zh) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | 阵列波导光栅及其制造方法、收发机及光通信系统 |
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| JPH04172308A (ja) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-06-19 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Y分岐光回路 |
| JPH11133253A (ja) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-05-21 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | アレイ導波路型波長合分波器 |
| JPH11160555A (ja) * | 1997-11-26 | 1999-06-18 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | 光波長合分波器 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH079490B2 (ja) * | 1984-09-17 | 1995-02-01 | 株式会社フジクラ | 厚膜導波路 |
| JP2809517B2 (ja) * | 1990-12-10 | 1998-10-08 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 分岐合波光導波回路 |
| JPH07117612B2 (ja) * | 1991-03-18 | 1995-12-18 | エイ・ティ・アンド・ティ・コーポレーション | 光多重化分離化装置 |
| JPH05241033A (ja) * | 1992-02-27 | 1993-09-21 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 光合分岐器 |
| JP2817565B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-18 | 1998-10-30 | 日立電線株式会社 | 光スターカップラ |
| FR2725040A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-23 | 1996-03-29 | Bruno Adrien | Dispositif optoelectronique integrant un recepteur multilongueur d'onde perfectionne |
| JPH08122557A (ja) * | 1994-10-20 | 1996-05-17 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | 光波長合分波器 |
| DE19514042A1 (de) * | 1995-04-13 | 1996-10-17 | Sel Alcatel Ag | Optischer Verzweiger |
| JPH095549A (ja) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-01-10 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光回路及びその作製方法 |
| US5719976A (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 1998-02-17 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Optimized waveguide structure |
| US5889906A (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 1999-03-30 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Signal router with coupling of multiple waveguide modes for provicing a shaped multi-channel radiation pattern |
| JP3039491B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-27 | 2000-05-08 | 日立電線株式会社 | 光波長合分波器 |
| JP2861996B1 (ja) * | 1998-01-30 | 1999-02-24 | 日立電線株式会社 | 光波長合分波器 |
| WO2000011508A1 (en) | 1998-08-24 | 2000-03-02 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Array waveguide diffraction grating optical multiplexer/demultiplexer |
| JP2000089047A (ja) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-31 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | 合分波素子 |
| KR100293954B1 (ko) | 1999-05-11 | 2001-06-15 | 윤종용 | 평탄한 주파수 응답을 가진 저손실 광파장 분할기 |
-
1999
- 1999-07-30 JP JP21674199A patent/JP3448518B2/ja not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-02-01 EP EP00902038A patent/EP1128193A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-01 WO PCT/JP2000/000539 patent/WO2001009652A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04172308A (ja) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-06-19 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Y分岐光回路 |
| JPH11133253A (ja) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-05-21 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | アレイ導波路型波長合分波器 |
| JPH11160555A (ja) * | 1997-11-26 | 1999-06-18 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | 光波長合分波器 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| M. OKAWA ET AL.: "Low loss and wide passband arrayed waveguide grating demultiplexer", 24TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION, vol. 1, 1998, pages 323 - 324, XP002924337 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011117157A1 (de) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Steuerung für ein precrash-sicherheitssystem in einem kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102010003297A1 (de) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Steuerung für ein Precrash-Sicherheitssystem in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2001042146A (ja) | 2001-02-16 |
| EP1128193A1 (en) | 2001-08-29 |
| JP3448518B2 (ja) | 2003-09-22 |
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