WO2001010806A2 - Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds Download PDF

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WO2001010806A2
WO2001010806A2 PCT/EP2000/007710 EP0007710W WO0110806A2 WO 2001010806 A2 WO2001010806 A2 WO 2001010806A2 EP 0007710 W EP0007710 W EP 0007710W WO 0110806 A2 WO0110806 A2 WO 0110806A2
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process according
alkali metal
rearrangement
enol ester
azide
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WO2001010806A3 (en
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Kevin Coppola
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Syngenta Participations AG
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Syngenta Participations AG
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Priority to EP00960415A priority Critical patent/EP1202949B1/en
Priority to CA002380853A priority patent/CA2380853C/en
Priority to PL353096A priority patent/PL198618B1/en
Priority to DE60010092T priority patent/DE60010092T2/en
Priority to AT00960415T priority patent/ATE264829T1/en
Priority to DK00960415T priority patent/DK1202949T3/en
Priority to AU72734/00A priority patent/AU766368B2/en
Priority to JP2001515276A priority patent/JP4800532B2/en
Priority to US10/049,074 priority patent/US6657074B1/en
Priority to UA2002031930A priority patent/UA72537C2/en
Priority to IL14783000A priority patent/IL147830A0/en
Priority to MXPA02001248A priority patent/MXPA02001248A/en
Application filed by Syngenta Participations AG filed Critical Syngenta Participations AG
Priority to BRPI0013094-0A priority patent/BR0013094B1/en
Priority to HU0300505A priority patent/HU228357B1/en
Publication of WO2001010806A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001010806A2/en
Publication of WO2001010806A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001010806A3/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
    • C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C67/343—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
    • C07C201/12—Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/51—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition
    • C07C45/54—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition of compounds containing doubly bound oxygen atoms, e.g. esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/02—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a three-membered ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to process for preparing acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by rearrangement of corresponding enol esters.
  • the invention also relates to the preparation of the corresponding tautomer compounds of the acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
  • an azide catalyst/reagent may be used to facilitate the rearrangement of enol esters to the corresponding acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compound and/or the corresponding tautomer forms of the acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compound (future reference to acylated "1,3-dicarbonyl compounds” or other similar descriptors such as "cyclohexanedione derivatives” etc. should be read where appropriate to include the tautomer forms unless otherwise indicated).
  • the acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds produced by the instantly disclosed process are useful themselves as agrochemicals (e.g.
  • the azide catalyst/reagent system used in the instant invention has advantages over those previously used. Catalysts such as dimethylaminopyridine must be recovered. Cyanide catalysts and reagents produce hydrogen cyanide which contaminates process streams. The azide catalysts and reagents of the instant invention have the advantage that upon acidification they form hydrozoic acid which decomposes to nitrogen. The instant invention overcomes the need for certain costly catalyst/reagent recovery and waste treatment systems previously associated with the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
  • One embodiment of the invention is the process for preparing an acylated cyclical 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds or tautomers thereof, comprising the step of rearrangement of the corresponding enol ester, wherein said rearrangement is conducted in the presence of a alkali metal azide.
  • the acylated cyclical 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are 1,3- cyclohexanediones that are substituted at the 2-position on the cyclohexane ring with an acyl radical.
  • the enol ester compounds that are the starting materials for the process are the O-acyl enol esters of 1,3-cyclohexanediones.
  • Another aspect of the invention is the process wherein the rearrangement is conducted in the presence of either:
  • R is a group Ci-Cioalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl or phenyl, wherein the phenyl nucleus is unsubstituted or substituted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 alkoxy, C C 4 haloalkyl, nitro or cyano;
  • A is -OR 2 , -SR 2 or -NR ⁇ radical;
  • R 2 , R 3 and * are each independently, hydrogen, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C ⁇ o alkoxyalkyl, C 2 -C ⁇ 0 alkylthioalkyl; C 3 -C 6 alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C C alkoxy or C ⁇ -C 4 alkylthio; C 3 -C 6 alkynyl; phenyl, C 6 -C 2 o alkylaryl or C 6 -C 2 o aralkyl, wherein the phenyl nucleus is unsubstituted or substituted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, C C alkyl, C ⁇ -C alkoxy, C ⁇ -C 4 haloalkyl, nitro or cyano; or R 3 and R_ t , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5- or 6- membered hetero
  • alkyl radicals comprise both straight chain and branched radicals, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert- butyl, as well as all stereoisomers of the higher carbon number radicals.
  • Alkenyl and alkynyl also comprise straight chain and branched radicals, e.g.
  • cycloalkyl is meant a group that encompasses cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • aryl is meant either a non-heteroaromatic ring system or heteroaromatic ring system.
  • alkylaryl is meant an aryl group substituted by one or more alkyl groups.
  • aralkyl is meant an alkyl group substituted by one or more aryl groups.
  • Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring system -NR ⁇ which may contain an additional oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring includes aromatic and non-aromatic ring systems and for example includes pyrrole, pyrolidine, pyridine, piperidine, morpholine or thiomorpholine. These rings may also be substituted for example by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkoxy, C ⁇ -C 4 haloalkyl, nitro or cyano
  • the cyclohexanedione derivatives of the formula I have good herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties.
  • Tautomerism is a type of isomerism in which migration of a hydrogen atom results in two or more structures, called tautomers.
  • the cyclohexanedione derivatives of formula I can be obtained in different tautomeric forms.
  • methyl 4-propanoyl-3,5- cyclohexanedione-1-carboxylate can be obtained in the tautomer form of methyl 4- (propyl-l-hydroxymethylidene)-3,5-cyclohexanedione-l-carboxylate as well as other tautomer forms (see for example Tautomerism Scheme below):
  • the alkali metal azide used in the instant process for preparing the cyclohexanediones of formula I include for example lithium azide, sodium azide, potassium azide and cesium azide.
  • the alkali metal azide may function either as a catalyst alone or additionally as a base reagent. When the alkali metal azide functions as a catalyst it is necessary to use an additional base reagent.
  • the alkali metal azide may also be employed in sufficient quantities so that it additionally serves a base reagent for the process. In either case a phase-transfer catalyst may be used to enhance the reactivity of the alkali metal azide catalyst/base. It is to be expected that under certain conditions cation exchange may occur so that the actual catalytic or reagent azide species that facilitates the rearrangement reaction is an azide with a different counter cation.
  • phase-transfer catalysts that may be employed in the instant process include complexing agents which solublize cations in non-polar solvents (e.g. crown ethers such as 18-crown-6).
  • the phase-transfer catalysts may be employed to increase the reaction rate of the rearrangement or otherwise reduce the energy input or quantity of reagents necessary to drive the reaction to completion. Whether a phase-transfer catalyst is used will depend a cost/benefit analysis for the given circumstances and the desired process design parameters (e.g. solvent systems, temperature reaction time etc.).
  • the preferred amount of alkali metal azide catalyst used in the process ranges from about 5 to 20 mole % relative to the enol ester. However, more alkali metal azide may be used, particularly if the azide is functioning as a reagent base.
  • the rearrangement process of this invention may be carried out in the presence of a solvent system.
  • Suitable solvents for the rearrangement of the appropriate enol ester to the cyclohexanediones of formula I are for example toluene, DMF, acetone acetonitrile or other similar solvent systems.
  • the solvent system may be extended to include other conventional solvents depending on whether a phase-transfer catalyst is used.
  • Suitable bases that may be used in the process are organic bases.
  • Preferable organic bases include alkylamines such as trialkylamines or other functionally equivalent bases. Under the appropriate conditions it may be desirable to use for example ammonia or ammonium hydroxide as the base reagent or other similar base reagents.
  • the trialkylamines are preferably tri(lower alkyl)amines having from 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms per alkyl group.
  • a particularly preferable amine is triethylamine.
  • alkali metal azides or other salts may also be used as a suitable base reagent.
  • the base is used in an amount of from about 1 to about 4 moles per mole of enol ester, preferably 1 to 2 moles per mole of enol ester.
  • the temperatures used in the process will be limited to some extent by the solvent system used unless the rearrangement is conducted under pressure conditions. Generally, the suitable temperature conditions for the rearrangement are from about 20°C to about 75°C. Reaction times can be short (i.e. on the order of minutes) or can be long (on the order of days) depending on the catalysts and the process design parameters used. Reaction times for a batch process run at room temperature typically ranges from 1 to 24 hours. Shorter reaction times and lower reaction temperatures may be preferable to avoid effects of undesirable side reactions and decomposition of reagents or catalyst.
  • Product yield may be improved by employing substantially anhydrous conditions in the process in order to avoid saponification of the enol-ester.
  • the rearrangement of the enol ester is conducted in the absence of water.
  • Substantially anhydrous conditions is defined as conditions sufficient to conduct the rearrangement reaction of the enol ester to the corresponding cyclohexanediones of formula I without an undesirable decrease in the efficiency of the process while taking into account the costs and benefits of obtaining the appropriate reagents and reactor design.
  • the cyclic enol ester starting materials that may be used in the invention include those disclosed in US Patents 4,693,745 and 4,695,673 which are hereby incorporated by reference thereto in their entirety.
  • the enol ester starting materials may be prepared by known procedures or otherwise may be prepared using conventional chemistry knowledge and the appropriate commercially available ultimate starting materials (e.g. methyl acetoacetate; see Yoshimoto et al. CHEMTECH (1989), 19(7), p. 431-4)(see US Patents 4,693,745 and 4,695,673).
  • the alkali metal azide catalysts/reagents, base reagents, and phase-transfer catalysts are commercially available, may be prepared by known procedures or may otherwise may be prepared using conventional chemistry knowledge. For example, sodium azide is a commercially available azide catalyst/reagent. Similarly, 18- crown-6 is a commercially available phase-transfer catalyst.
  • the preferred enol ester starting materials used in the instant invention have the formula II:
  • the salts, stereoisomers and tautomers of the compounds of formula II are also suitable starting materials.
  • the salts of the compounds of formula II may be obtained by treatment of the compounds of formula II with the appropriate base.
  • Suitable bases for obtaining the salts are preferably alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, iron, copper, nickel and zinc hydroxides, and also ammonia or quaternary C ⁇ -C 4 alkylammonium or C ⁇ -C 4 hydroxyalkylammonium bases.
  • O-acyl enol ester 25 g, 0.1 Mole (obtainable from O-acylation of ethyl l,3-cyclohexanedione-5-carboxylate with cyclopropanoyl chloride), triethylamine (13.4 g, 0.13 Mole), dimethylformamide (2 g, 0.02 Mole), and toluene ( 3.5 g, 0.04 mole) and sodium azide (0.65 g, 0.01 mole) are charged to a 200 ml round bottomed flask. The flask is equipped for reflux with a water cooled condenser, and agitated. The flask is heated in an oil bath to 55°C for 3 hours.
  • the rearranged product is extracted as a TEA salt, followed by acidification with hydrochloric acid in the presence of toluene.
  • the product/ toluene phase is seperated, and the solvent is removed by evaporation to obtain ethyl 2-cyclopropanoyl-l,3-cyclohexanedione-5-carboxylate as a crude oil (17.6 g viscous oil, crude yield 70%).
  • a round bottomed flask is charged with appropriate O-Acyl enol ester (15g, 0.066 mole) (obtainable from the acylation of ethyl cyclohexane-l,3-dione-5 carboxylate with acetyl chloride).
  • the flask is equipped for stirring and sodium azide (0.52 g, 0.008 mole), DMF (1.6 g), toluene (2.8 g), and TEA (10.7 g, 0.105 mole) are added thereto.
  • the flask is heated in an oil bath to 45°C whereupon an exotherm raises the reaction temperature to 60°C.
  • the mixture is cooled to 30°C and is maintained for 1 hour without application of external heating.
  • the reaction mixture was added to 100 ml water and the aqueous phase is separated and mixed with 20 ml toluene. The solution is then acidified with HC1 to pH ⁇ 2 . The toluene phase is separated and the aqueous acid is back-extracted with dichloromethane. The solvent is removed from the combined organic extracts by rotary evaporation to obtain ethyl 2-aceto-l,3-cyclohexanedione-5-carboxylate product (9.6 g of a viscous oil crude yield 64%).
  • a round bottomed flask is charged with appropriate O-Acyl enol ester (15g, 0.0396 mole)(obtainable from the acylation of ethyl cyclohexane-l,3-dione-5 carboxylate with 3,5-dinitrobenzoylchloride).
  • the flask is equipped for stirring and sodium azide (0.26 g, 0.004 mole), DMF (1 g), toluene (5 g), and TEA (4.2 g, 0.041 mole) were added thereto.
  • the flask was heated in an oil bath to 45°C. The disappearance of starting material was monitored by GC.
  • this invention greatly simplifies the process for preparing cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. This is achieved by using an azide catalyst/reagent system in a process for rearranging the corresponding enol esters.
  • the use of the azide catalyst/reagent simplifies work-up and treatment of waste streams derived from the process.
  • the instant invention avoids the costs and toxicity associated with the use of cyanide type catalysts reagents. Variations may be made in proportions, procedures and materials without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for preparing acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by rearrangement of corresponding enol esters. The invention also relates to the preparation of the corresponding tautomer compounds of the acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.

Description

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ACYLATED 1,3- DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to process for preparing acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by rearrangement of corresponding enol esters. The invention also relates to the preparation of the corresponding tautomer compounds of the acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The rearrangement of certain enol esters which results in an acylated 1 3- dicarbonyl compounds has been reported in the patent and journal literature w lerein certain types catalysts have been disclosed as facilitating the rearrangement reaction. Some of the catalysts that have been disclosed are two molar aluminum chloride, 4- dimethylaminopyridine, aminopyridine derivatives, N-al ylimidazole derivatives, molten sodium acetate, Lewis acid and cyanide source. See US Patent 4,695,653 and references cited and discussed therein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Surprisingly, it has now been discovered that an azide catalyst/reagent may be used to facilitate the rearrangement of enol esters to the corresponding acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compound and/or the corresponding tautomer forms of the acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compound (future reference to acylated "1,3-dicarbonyl compounds" or other similar descriptors such as "cyclohexanedione derivatives" etc. should be read where appropriate to include the tautomer forms unless otherwise indicated). The acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds produced by the instantly disclosed process are useful themselves as agrochemicals (e.g. pesticides, herbicides, etc.) or may be used as intermediates in the preparation of useful agrochemicals. The azide catalyst/reagent system used in the instant invention has advantages over those previously used. Catalysts such as dimethylaminopyridine must be recovered. Cyanide catalysts and reagents produce hydrogen cyanide which contaminates process streams. The azide catalysts and reagents of the instant invention have the advantage that upon acidification they form hydrozoic acid which decomposes to nitrogen. The instant invention overcomes the need for certain costly catalyst/reagent recovery and waste treatment systems previously associated with the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
One embodiment of the invention is the process for preparing an acylated cyclical 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds or tautomers thereof, comprising the step of rearrangement of the corresponding enol ester, wherein said rearrangement is conducted in the presence of a alkali metal azide. The acylated cyclical 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are 1,3- cyclohexanediones that are substituted at the 2-position on the cyclohexane ring with an acyl radical. The enol ester compounds that are the starting materials for the process are the O-acyl enol esters of 1,3-cyclohexanediones.
Another aspect of the invention is the process wherein the rearrangement is conducted in the presence of either:
(a) a catalytic amount of an alkali metal azide and a molar excess, with respect to the enol ester, of a base; or
(b) a stoichiometric amount, with respect to the enol ester, of an alkali metal azide and a catalytic amount of a phase-transfer catalyst.
Another embodiment of the invention is the process for preparing the compounds of formula I:
Figure imgf000003_0001
and tautomers thereof, wherein R is a group Ci-Cioalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl or phenyl, wherein the phenyl nucleus is unsubstituted or substituted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, C C4 alkyl, C C4 alkoxy, C C4 haloalkyl, nitro or cyano; A is -OR2, -SR2 or -NR^ radical;
R2, R3 and * are each independently, hydrogen, Cι-C6 alkyl, Cι-C6 haloalkyl, C2-Cιo alkoxyalkyl, C2-Cι0 alkylthioalkyl; C3-C6 alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C C alkoxy or Cι-C4 alkylthio; C3-C6 alkynyl; phenyl, C6-C2o alkylaryl or C6-C2o aralkyl, wherein the phenyl nucleus is unsubstituted or substituted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, C C alkyl, Cι-C alkoxy, Cι-C4 haloalkyl, nitro or cyano; or R3 and R_t, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5- or 6- membered heterocyclic ring system which may contain an additional oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring; and salts thereof, said process comprising the step of rearrangement of the corresponding enol ester, wherein said rearrangement is conducted in the presence of a alkali metal azide.
In the above definitions the alkyl radicals comprise both straight chain and branched radicals, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert- butyl, as well as all stereoisomers of the higher carbon number radicals. Alkenyl and alkynyl also comprise straight chain and branched radicals, e.g. vinyl, allyl, methallyl, butenyl, methylbutenyl and dimethylbutenyl, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, methylbutynyl and dimethylbutynyl, as well as all stereoisomers of the higher carbon number radicals. By "cycloalkyl" is meant a group that encompasses cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
By "aryl" is meant either a non-heteroaromatic ring system or heteroaromatic ring system. By "alkylaryl" is meant an aryl group substituted by one or more alkyl groups. By "aralkyl" is meant an alkyl group substituted by one or more aryl groups. Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
A 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring system -NR^ which may contain an additional oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring includes aromatic and non-aromatic ring systems and for example includes pyrrole, pyrolidine, pyridine, piperidine, morpholine or thiomorpholine. These rings may also be substituted for example by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, Cι-C4 alkyl, Cι-C4 alkoxy, Cι-C4 haloalkyl, nitro or cyano
The cyclohexanedione derivatives of the formula I have good herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties.
Tautomerism is a type of isomerism in which migration of a hydrogen atom results in two or more structures, called tautomers. The cyclohexanedione derivatives of formula I can be obtained in different tautomeric forms. For example, methyl 4-propanoyl-3,5- cyclohexanedione-1-carboxylate can be obtained in the tautomer form of methyl 4- (propyl-l-hydroxymethylidene)-3,5-cyclohexanedione-l-carboxylate as well as other tautomer forms (see for example Tautomerism Scheme below):
Tautomerism Scheme:
Figure imgf000006_0001
The alkali metal azide used in the instant process for preparing the cyclohexanediones of formula I include for example lithium azide, sodium azide, potassium azide and cesium azide. The alkali metal azide may function either as a catalyst alone or additionally as a base reagent. When the alkali metal azide functions as a catalyst it is necessary to use an additional base reagent. The alkali metal azide may also be employed in sufficient quantities so that it additionally serves a base reagent for the process. In either case a phase-transfer catalyst may be used to enhance the reactivity of the alkali metal azide catalyst/base. It is to be expected that under certain conditions cation exchange may occur so that the actual catalytic or reagent azide species that facilitates the rearrangement reaction is an azide with a different counter cation.
The scope of the invention disclosed herein should not be construed to be limited by any particular chemical theory relating to the complexation, equilibration, reaction or acid-base chemistry of the components used to make the final product.
Suitable phase-transfer catalysts that may be employed in the instant process include complexing agents which solublize cations in non-polar solvents (e.g. crown ethers such as 18-crown-6). The phase-transfer catalysts may be employed to increase the reaction rate of the rearrangement or otherwise reduce the energy input or quantity of reagents necessary to drive the reaction to completion. Whether a phase-transfer catalyst is used will depend a cost/benefit analysis for the given circumstances and the desired process design parameters (e.g. solvent systems, temperature reaction time etc.).
The preferred amount of alkali metal azide catalyst used in the process ranges from about 5 to 20 mole % relative to the enol ester. However, more alkali metal azide may be used, particularly if the azide is functioning as a reagent base.
The rearrangement process of this invention may be carried out in the presence of a solvent system. Suitable solvents for the rearrangement of the appropriate enol ester to the cyclohexanediones of formula I are for example toluene, DMF, acetone acetonitrile or other similar solvent systems. The solvent system may be extended to include other conventional solvents depending on whether a phase-transfer catalyst is used.
Suitable bases that may be used in the process are organic bases. Preferable organic bases include alkylamines such as trialkylamines or other functionally equivalent bases. Under the appropriate conditions it may be desirable to use for example ammonia or ammonium hydroxide as the base reagent or other similar base reagents. The trialkylamines are preferably tri(lower alkyl)amines having from 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms per alkyl group. A particularly preferable amine is triethylamine. Again, it is important to note that alkali metal azides or other salts may also be used as a suitable base reagent.
The base is used in an amount of from about 1 to about 4 moles per mole of enol ester, preferably 1 to 2 moles per mole of enol ester.
The temperatures used in the process will be limited to some extent by the solvent system used unless the rearrangement is conducted under pressure conditions. Generally, the suitable temperature conditions for the rearrangement are from about 20°C to about 75°C. Reaction times can be short (i.e. on the order of minutes) or can be long (on the order of days) depending on the catalysts and the process design parameters used. Reaction times for a batch process run at room temperature typically ranges from 1 to 24 hours. Shorter reaction times and lower reaction temperatures may be preferable to avoid effects of undesirable side reactions and decomposition of reagents or catalyst.
Product yield may be improved by employing substantially anhydrous conditions in the process in order to avoid saponification of the enol-ester. Preferably, the rearrangement of the enol ester is conducted in the absence of water.
"Substantially anhydrous conditions" is defined as conditions sufficient to conduct the rearrangement reaction of the enol ester to the corresponding cyclohexanediones of formula I without an undesirable decrease in the efficiency of the process while taking into account the costs and benefits of obtaining the appropriate reagents and reactor design.
The cyclic enol ester starting materials that may be used in the invention include those disclosed in US Patents 4,693,745 and 4,695,673 which are hereby incorporated by reference thereto in their entirety. The enol ester starting materials may be prepared by known procedures or otherwise may be prepared using conventional chemistry knowledge and the appropriate commercially available ultimate starting materials (e.g. methyl acetoacetate; see Yoshimoto et al. CHEMTECH (1989), 19(7), p. 431-4)(see US Patents 4,693,745 and 4,695,673). The alkali metal azide catalysts/reagents, base reagents, and phase-transfer catalysts are commercially available, may be prepared by known procedures or may otherwise may be prepared using conventional chemistry knowledge. For example, sodium azide is a commercially available azide catalyst/reagent. Similarly, 18- crown-6 is a commercially available phase-transfer catalyst. The preferred enol ester starting materials used in the instant invention have the formula II:
Figure imgf000009_0001
wherein the variables are as defined above for formula I. The salts, stereoisomers and tautomers of the compounds of formula II are also suitable starting materials. The salts of the compounds of formula II may be obtained by treatment of the compounds of formula II with the appropriate base. Suitable bases for obtaining the salts are preferably alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, iron, copper, nickel and zinc hydroxides, and also ammonia or quaternary Cι-C4 alkylammonium or Cι-C4 hydroxyalkylammonium bases.
The following examples illustrate further some of the specific features of the invention but are not intended to limit its scope. Where not otherwise specified throughout this specification and claims, temperatures are given in degrees centigrade.
Example 1
Preparation of ethyl 2-cyclopropanoyl- l,3-cyclohexanedione-5-carboxylate.
Figure imgf000009_0002
The appropriate O-acyl enol ester (25 g, 0.1 Mole) (obtainable from O-acylation of ethyl l,3-cyclohexanedione-5-carboxylate with cyclopropanoyl chloride), triethylamine (13.4 g, 0.13 Mole), dimethylformamide (2 g, 0.02 Mole), and toluene ( 3.5 g, 0.04 mole) and sodium azide (0.65 g, 0.01 mole) are charged to a 200 ml round bottomed flask. The flask is equipped for reflux with a water cooled condenser, and agitated. The flask is heated in an oil bath to 55°C for 3 hours. The rearranged product is extracted as a TEA salt, followed by acidification with hydrochloric acid in the presence of toluene. The product/ toluene phase is seperated, and the solvent is removed by evaporation to obtain ethyl 2-cyclopropanoyl-l,3-cyclohexanedione-5-carboxylate as a crude oil (17.6 g viscous oil, crude yield 70%).
Example 2 Preparation of ethyl 2-aceto-l,3-cyclohexanedione-5-carboxylate.
Figure imgf000010_0001
A round bottomed flask is charged with appropriate O-Acyl enol ester (15g, 0.066 mole) (obtainable from the acylation of ethyl cyclohexane-l,3-dione-5 carboxylate with acetyl chloride). The flask is equipped for stirring and sodium azide (0.52 g, 0.008 mole), DMF (1.6 g), toluene (2.8 g), and TEA (10.7 g, 0.105 mole) are added thereto. The flask is heated in an oil bath to 45°C whereupon an exotherm raises the reaction temperature to 60°C. The mixture is cooled to 30°C and is maintained for 1 hour without application of external heating. The reaction mixture was added to 100 ml water and the aqueous phase is separated and mixed with 20 ml toluene. The solution is then acidified with HC1 to pH<2 . The toluene phase is separated and the aqueous acid is back-extracted with dichloromethane. The solvent is removed from the combined organic extracts by rotary evaporation to obtain ethyl 2-aceto-l,3-cyclohexanedione-5-carboxylate product (9.6 g of a viscous oil crude yield 64%).
Example 3
Preparation of ethyl 2-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)- 1 ,3-cyclohexanedione-5-carboxylate.
Figure imgf000011_0001
A round bottomed flask is charged with appropriate O-Acyl enol ester (15g, 0.0396 mole)(obtainable from the acylation of ethyl cyclohexane-l,3-dione-5 carboxylate with 3,5-dinitrobenzoylchloride). The flask is equipped for stirring and sodium azide (0.26 g, 0.004 mole), DMF (1 g), toluene (5 g), and TEA (4.2 g, 0.041 mole) were added thereto. The flask was heated in an oil bath to 45°C. The disappearance of starting material was monitored by GC. Once the reaction is complete, water (48.6 ml) and toluene (7 g) is added to the reaction mixture followed by chilled to < 10°. After separation the organic phase was extracted once with 8 ml of water. The combined aqueous extracts are back-extracted twice with toluene (2 x 5.4g) whereby the first aqueous/organic solution is first acidified as in Example 2. The product containing organic phases are combined and washed with sodium bicarbonate. The organic solvent is removed by rotary evaporation to obtain ethyl 2-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-l,3- cyclohexanedione-5 -carboxylate product (9.6 g of a viscous oil, crude yield 64%).
The synthetic transformations described in the examples above were conducted under anhydrous or substantially anhydrous conditions. A crude product yield in the examples refers to the quantity of isolated material in comparison with the theoretical quantity that the starting enol ester could give. DMF = dimethyl formamide. 18-crown-6 = 1,4,7,10,13, 16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane. TEA = triethylamine.
In summary, it is seen that this invention greatly simplifies the process for preparing cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. This is achieved by using an azide catalyst/reagent system in a process for rearranging the corresponding enol esters. The use of the azide catalyst/reagent simplifies work-up and treatment of waste streams derived from the process. The instant invention avoids the costs and toxicity associated with the use of cyanide type catalysts reagents. Variations may be made in proportions, procedures and materials without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims

ClaimsWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A process for preparing an acylated cyclical 1,3-dicarbonyl compound or tautomers thereof, comprising the step of rearrangement of the corresponding enol ester, wherein said rearrangement is conducted in the presence of an alkali metal azide.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein said rearrangement is conducted in the presence of either
(a) a catalytic amount of an alkali metal azide and a molar excess, with respect to the enol ester, of a base; or
(b) a stoichiometric amount, with respect to the enol ester, of an alkali metal azide and a catalytic amount of a phase-transfer catalyst.
3. A process according to claim 2, wherein the enol ester has the formula:
Figure imgf000013_0001
and salts and tautomers thereof, wherein
R is a group Ci-Cio alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl or phenyl, wherein the phenyl nucleus is unsubstituted or substituted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, Cι-C alkyl, Cι-C4 alkoxy, C C4 haloalkyl, nitro or cyano;
A is -OR2, -SR2 or -NR3R4 radical;
R2, R3 and R4 are each independently, hydrogen, Cι-C6 alkyl, Cι-C6 haloalkyl, C2-Cιo alkoxyalkyl, C2-Cιo alkylthioalkyl; C3-C6 alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C C4 alkoxy or C C alkylthio; C3-C6 alkynyl; phenyl, C6-C20 alkylaryl or C6-C2o aralkyl, , wherein the phenyl nucleus is unsubstituted or substituted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, Cι-C4 alkyl, Cι-C4 alkoxy, Cj-C4 haloalkyl, nitro or cyano; or R3 and Rt, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5- or 6- membered heterocyclic ring system which may contain an additional oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring; and salts thereof.
4. A process according to claim 4, wherein the acylated cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds prepared have the formula:
Figure imgf000014_0001
and salts and tautomers thereof, wherein the variable substituents are as defined above.
5. A process according to claim 5, wherein the alkali metal azide is sodium azide.
6. A process according to claim 6, wherein the process is conduced in the presence of a base.
7. A process according to claim 7, wherein said base is triethylamine.
8. A process according to claim 8, wherein the process is conduced in the presence of a solvent.
9. A process according to claim 7, wherein the solvent is toluene.
PCT/EP2000/007710 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds Ceased WO2001010806A2 (en)

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CA002380853A CA2380853C (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
PL353096A PL198618B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3−dicarbonyl compounds
DE60010092T DE60010092T2 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 METHOD FOR PRODUCING ACYLATED 1,3-DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS
AT00960415T ATE264829T1 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 METHOD FOR PRODUCING ACYLATED 1,3-DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS
DK00960415T DK1202949T3 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
AU72734/00A AU766368B2 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
JP2001515276A JP4800532B2 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 Method for producing acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
UA2002031930A UA72537C2 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 A method for the preparation of acylated cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compound
US10/049,074 US6657074B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
EP00960415A EP1202949B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
MXPA02001248A MXPA02001248A (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
IL14783000A IL147830A0 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
BRPI0013094-0A BR0013094B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonic compounds.
HU0300505A HU228357B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-08 Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
IL147830A IL147830A (en) 1999-08-10 2002-01-24 Process for the preparation of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds

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