WO2001024337A2 - Instantaneous arc fault light detector with resistance to false tripping - Google Patents
Instantaneous arc fault light detector with resistance to false tripping Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001024337A2 WO2001024337A2 PCT/US2000/022502 US0022502W WO0124337A2 WO 2001024337 A2 WO2001024337 A2 WO 2001024337A2 US 0022502 W US0022502 W US 0022502W WO 0124337 A2 WO0124337 A2 WO 0124337A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- light detector
- signal
- output signal
- arc fault
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1218—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using optical methods; using charged particle, e.g. electron, beams or X-rays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
- H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
- H02H1/0023—Using arc detectors sensing non electrical parameters, e.g. by optical, pneumatic, thermal or sonic sensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
Definitions
- This invention relates to electrical switchgear. More specifically, it relates to electrical switchgear with arc fault light detectors.
- the present invention provides an improved electrical circuit for detecting an arc fault in electrical switchgear.
- a circuit which comprises a light detector which generates a light detector signal in response to the amount of light detected.
- a differentiator circuit receives the light detector signal and differentiates the light detector signal over time to generate a differentiated light detector signal.
- a comparator circuit then compares the differentiated light detector signal to a reference signal and generates an output signal when the differentiated light detector signal exceeds the reference value.
- a second comparator circuit and a logic circuit are added to the circuit.
- the comparator circuit compares the light detector signal to a second reference signal and generates a second comparator output signal when the light detector signal exceeds the reference signal.
- the comparator output signal and the second comparator output signal are connected together in such a way as to provide a logical AND operation.
- the comparator and the second comparator outputs generate a trip signal only when both comparator outputs are activated.
- Figure 1 is a diagram of an electrical circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a diagram of an electrical circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a diagram of the electrical circuit of Figures 1 or 2 incorporated within electrical switchgear. Detailed Description of the Invention
- an electrical circuit 10 having a light detector 12 and a resistor Rl connected in series between a voltage source Vcc and ground G.
- the light detector 12 may be any commercially available light detector and may have an internally adjustable or fixed signal gain.
- the light detector 12 generates a light detector output signal 14 which corresponds to the amount of light to which the light detector 12 is exposed.
- the value of Rl is selected to deliver a voltage across Rl that is suitable for processing by the remaining circuitry given the range of light to be detected.
- a buffer Ul is connected at a point between Rl and the light detector 12 to receive the light detector output signal 14. Because the buffer Ul has unity gain, its output and input are identical. A differentiator
- the differentiator 16 receives the light detector output signal 14.
- the differentiator 16 is a RC high pass filter comprising a resistor R2 and a capacitor Cl .
- RC high pass filters are well known in the art.
- the resistor R2 and the capacitor Cl are selected such that the cutoff frequency of the filter is 1.5kHz.
- This type of differentiator is preferred due to its simple and inexpensive structure.
- there are numerous types of differentiators, and any type of differentiator may be used in accordance with the present invention.
- the output of the differentiator 16 is a differentiated light detector signal 18.
- a comparator U2 is connected to the differentiator 16 output to receive the differentiated light detector signal 18.
- the comparator U2 compares the differentiated light detector signal 18 to a reference voltage Vref.
- reference voltage Vref The proper value of reference voltage Vref will vary depending on the values of the resistor and capacitor chosen for the differentiator and the desired sensitivity of the circuit to changes in the light detected.
- the comparator When the value of the differentiated light detector signal 18 is larger than the value of the reference voltage Vref, the comparator will generate a comparator output signal 20 indicating that an arc fault has been detected.
- arc faults are not continuous arcs, but are intermittent arcs. An arc generated by a sinusoidal alternating voltage source will occur whenever the voltage is near its peak. Therefore, the light created by an arc fault is not continuous, but rather a short pulse of light which occurs every half cycle of the alternating voltage source (i.e.
- a pulse extender circuit 21 may optionally be used with the present invention.
- the pulse extender circuit 21 is preferably a capacitor C2 having a large value of capacitance which is connected between the comparator output signal 20 and a ground point G of the circuit. The capacitor C2 charges during peaks of the comparator output signal 20 and discharges during troughs of the comparator output signal 20, thereby holding the comparator output signal 20 active during the period between arc faults.
- a circuit 22 is provided.
- the circuit 22 comprises the circuit 10 of Figure 1 with two additional components- a second comparator U3 and a logic circuit 23.
- the second comparator U3 is connected to the output of the buffer Ul and a second reference voltage signal Vref2.
- Vref2 the second comparator U3 provides a second comparator output signal 24 which indicates a threshold light value has been reached.
- the comparator output signal 20 and the second comparator output signal 24 are attached across a resistor R3 to the voltage source Vcc to form a trip indicator output signal 26.
- the comparators Ul, U2 are open collector operational amplifiers, when only one of comparator Ul or second comparator U2 is high, the voltage of the trip indicator output signal 26 is low. When both comparators Ul, U2 are high, the voltage of the trip indicator output signal 26 is high.
- comparators Ul, U2 and resistor R3 act to form the logic circuit 23 which performs a logical AND operation. While in the present embodiment open collector operational amplifiers are used with resistor R3 as the logic circuit 23, the logic circuit 23 could be implemented in many other ways by one of ordinary skill in the art, such as with truth table logic circuits.
- the light detector 12 is situated such that light from an arc fault, if one occurred, would be cast upon the light detector 12.
- more than one light detector 12 and/or light detector circuit 10 can be placed within the switchgear 30 in locations prone to arc faults.
- An electrical switch 32 of the switchgear 30 receives the comparator output signal 20 of the circuit
- the electrical switch 32 interrupts power coming into the switchgear 30 through an electrical line 34.
- the circuit 10 and the comparator output signal 20 can be replaced by the circuit 22 and the trip indicator output signal 26, respectively.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00957498A EP1131871A1 (en) | 1999-09-24 | 2000-08-16 | Instantaneous arc fault light detector with resistance to false tripping |
| CA002350615A CA2350615A1 (en) | 1999-09-24 | 2000-08-16 | Instantaneous arc fault light detector with resistance to false tripping |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/404,896 US6433976B1 (en) | 1999-09-24 | 1999-09-24 | Instantaneous arc fault light detector with resistance to false tripping |
| US09/404,896 | 1999-09-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001024337A2 true WO2001024337A2 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
| WO2001024337A3 WO2001024337A3 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
Family
ID=23601486
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2000/022502 Ceased WO2001024337A2 (en) | 1999-09-24 | 2000-08-16 | Instantaneous arc fault light detector with resistance to false tripping |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6433976B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1131871A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2350615A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001024337A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016023606A1 (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2016-02-18 | Audi Ag | Circuit arrangement and method for detecting an arc in a motor vehicle |
| DE102014217851A1 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2016-03-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Arc detection device, charging system for DC charging of a battery, vehicle with electric drive motor and method for detecting an arc |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6693438B2 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2004-02-17 | Eaton Corporation | Self-powered apparatus and method for optically detecting arcing faults in electric power systems in the presence of other light sources |
| US7035068B2 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2006-04-25 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus and method employing an optical fiber for closed-loop feedback detection of arcing faults |
| US7787113B2 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2010-08-31 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Method for optically detecting an electrical arc in a power supply |
| US7821749B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2010-10-26 | General Electric Company | Arc flash elimination apparatus and method |
| US7929260B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-04-19 | General Electric Company | Arc flash elimination system, apparatus, and method |
| WO2009004607A2 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Mainnet Communications Ltd. | Remote detection of discharge on a power line network |
| US8563888B2 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2013-10-22 | General Electric Company | Arc containment device and method |
| US8593769B2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2013-11-26 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Inc | Secure arc flash detection |
| BRPI0918899A2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2017-08-01 | Schweitzer Engineering Lab Inc | method for self-testing an electric arc detection device, self-testing electrical arc detection device, and computer readable storage medium |
| US8803069B2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2014-08-12 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Electro-optical radiation collector for arc flash detection |
| BRPI0918900A2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2017-08-01 | Schweitzer Engineering Lab Inc | apparatus for validating an electrical arc detection unit (afdu), computer readable storage medium, and method for determining the configuration of an electrical arc detection unit (afdu) |
| WO2010033845A1 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Protective device with metering and oscillography |
| US8040517B1 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-10-18 | General Electric Company | Arc flash detection system and method |
| US8576521B2 (en) | 2011-08-16 | 2013-11-05 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Adaptive light detection for arc mitigation systems |
| US9053881B2 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2015-06-09 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Arc detection with resistance to nuisance activation through light subtraction |
| US9438028B2 (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2016-09-06 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Motor relay with integrated arc-flash detection |
| US9413155B2 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2016-08-09 | Kenneth Gerald Blemel | System to protect from unsafe conditions in an electrical power system |
| US9621265B2 (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2017-04-11 | General Electric Company | Street lighting control, monitoring, and data transportation system and method |
| US9420674B2 (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2016-08-16 | General Electric Company | System and method for monitoring street lighting luminaires |
| US9646495B2 (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2017-05-09 | General Electric Company | Method and system for traffic flow reporting, forecasting, and planning |
| US20150142359A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-21 | General Electric Company | Luminaire associate status transponder |
| US10509101B2 (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2019-12-17 | General Electric Company | Street lighting communications, control, and special services |
| CN103954887A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-30 | 国家电网公司 | Power line insulation monitoring method based on instant fault |
| CN106796856B (en) * | 2014-10-03 | 2020-03-06 | 管理科学有限公司 | Methods, systems and apparatus for preventing arc faults in electrical conduits |
| US10101410B2 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2018-10-16 | Allegro Microsystems, Llc | Methods and apparatus for sensor having fault trip level setting |
| US10804689B2 (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2020-10-13 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Methods and systems for evaluating arc flash exposure hazard |
| CN110770991B (en) | 2017-05-23 | 2023-07-28 | 帕西·西姆公司 | Arc fault circuit interrupter |
| US11837862B2 (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2023-12-05 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Arc-flash sensor using optical fiber |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4241455A (en) * | 1977-12-29 | 1980-12-23 | Sperry Corporation | Data receiving and processing circuit |
| DE3129041A1 (en) * | 1981-07-23 | 1983-02-03 | BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., 5401 Baden, Aargau | FIBER OPTICAL SENSOR FOR DETECTING ELECTRIC ARCH DISCHARGE |
| SE450862B (en) | 1981-09-04 | 1987-08-03 | Asea Ab | LIGHT BAG DETECTION |
| DE3141374A1 (en) * | 1981-10-02 | 1983-04-28 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Arrangement for monitoring electrical devices for the formation of one or several arcs |
| US4658322A (en) * | 1982-04-29 | 1987-04-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Arcing fault detector |
| DE3433362A1 (en) * | 1984-09-07 | 1986-03-20 | Siemens Ag | METAL-ENCLOSED, COMPRESSED-GAS-INSULATED, HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR WITH SEVERAL, PARTICULAR GASKET-INSULATORS, GAS-SEALED PART SECTIONS OF THE ENCLOSURE |
| US4791518A (en) * | 1986-06-09 | 1988-12-13 | Bbc Brown Boveri Ag | Device for detecting interfering arcs |
| FI77952C (en) * | 1987-04-14 | 1989-05-10 | Stroemberg Oy Ab | Arc protection relay. |
| FR2658920B1 (en) | 1990-02-26 | 1992-07-03 | Merlin Gerin | DEVICE FOR DETECTING AN INTERNAL ARC IN AN ARMORED ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION. |
| DE4345170A1 (en) | 1993-09-21 | 1995-03-23 | Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh | Arc fault protection device for switchgear for the distribution of electrical energy |
| JPH0837497A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1996-02-06 | Fujitsu Ltd | Optical amplifier and optical transmitter |
| US5933308A (en) * | 1997-11-19 | 1999-08-03 | Square D Company | Arcing fault protection system for a switchgear enclosure |
| US6229680B1 (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2001-05-08 | Eaton Corporation | Apparatus and method for optically detecting arcing faults in electric power systems in the presence of other light sources |
-
1999
- 1999-09-24 US US09/404,896 patent/US6433976B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-08-16 EP EP00957498A patent/EP1131871A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-08-16 CA CA002350615A patent/CA2350615A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-16 WO PCT/US2000/022502 patent/WO2001024337A2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016023606A1 (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2016-02-18 | Audi Ag | Circuit arrangement and method for detecting an arc in a motor vehicle |
| DE102014217851A1 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2016-03-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Arc detection device, charging system for DC charging of a battery, vehicle with electric drive motor and method for detecting an arc |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1131871A1 (en) | 2001-09-12 |
| CA2350615A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
| WO2001024337A3 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
| US6433976B1 (en) | 2002-08-13 |
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