WO2003057913A2 - Procede de detection et/ou d'identification de l'espece animale d'origine de la matiere animale contenue dans un echantillon - Google Patents
Procede de detection et/ou d'identification de l'espece animale d'origine de la matiere animale contenue dans un echantillon Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003057913A2 WO2003057913A2 PCT/FR2003/000078 FR0300078W WO03057913A2 WO 2003057913 A2 WO2003057913 A2 WO 2003057913A2 FR 0300078 W FR0300078 W FR 0300078W WO 03057913 A2 WO03057913 A2 WO 03057913A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/16—Primer sets for multiplex assays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of determining an animal species called hereinafter of origin in a sample capable of containing an ingredient, itself obtained from at least said species.
- the products from which the determination is carried out according to the present invention are for example foodstuffs or foodstuffs intended for man or animals, cosmetic products, and, in general products likely to contain ingredients of animal origin, or on the contrary of the products in which these extracts are prohibited.
- the identification of animal species present in food may be necessary in many fields of activity.
- a first reason is to fight against food fraud where certain animal species are replaced by cheaper species, such as the replacement of hare by rabbit.
- a second reason is public health, as in particular during the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalitis or BSE, a disease due to the use of meat-and-bone meal of bovine origin for feeding cattle.
- a third reason is religious in order to verify, for example, the absence of pork in food.
- a fourth reason is of a legislative nature, notably when verifying the absence of protected species in food.
- Tissue analysis thus consists in determining the presence in bone meal samples of animal meal.
- This technique described in particular in the article by Michard, Journal of animal nutrition, vol. 508, pp 43-48, 1997, although sensitive, is tedious and based on the interpretation of an expert. It is therefore difficult to compare from one laboratory to another.
- soft tissue such as organ meats, serum, blood tissue, gelatin.
- protein analyzes there are mainly in the literature three groups of methods allowing the identification of animal species present in a given sample.
- the first group of methods includes protein electrophoresis techniques, which consists in detecting soluble target proteins by specific enzymatic staining.
- the diagnosis is obtained after electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel for example.
- this technique can only be performed with fresh or frozen, unprocessed tissue, since a cooking period of the food is an example of transformation likely to alter proteins. This technique cannot therefore be applied to the detection of animal species present in vegetable meal, which undergo during the baking phases during their manufacture.
- the second group of methods is based on immunological techniques, by the use of antibodies directed against soluble target proteins.
- the "Ouchterlony" technique or double immunodiffusion, a method used to differentiate antigens in a mixture, can be used.
- this technique has the major drawback of involving cross-reactions with the epitopes of other species.
- ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- the third group of methods includes chromatographic techniques (HPLC) used to characterize soluble muscle proteins.
- HPLC chromatographic techniques
- the disadvantages of these three methods are mainly due to their dependence on the characterization of proteins which are heat-sensitive, denature during a period of cooking food, lose their biological activity after the death of the animal, and whose presence is often a function of the type of cells being examined. It is therefore preferable to analyze the DNA directly, rather than the proteins in the sample, to identify the original animal species present in a given sample, the DNA being identical in all cell types of a same animal and stable in comparison with proteins.
- a third approach therefore consists in analyzing the DNA present in the sample.
- methods have been found in the literature, based in particular on the use of restriction enzymes or genetic markers, these methods having the advantage of being able to be applied to processed products, in particular after heat treatment.
- Nucleic determination can use restriction enzymes, or technique called RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, see in particular Meyer et al, Journal of AOAC International, vol 78 n ° 6, pp 1542-1551, 1995). Restriction enzymes cut DNA, previously extracted from the sample to be analyzed, at specific points in the macromolecule. It then suffices to compare, by simple electrophoresis, the fragments obtained with those of control samples representative of the species to be identified. However, the analysis of the results obtained by this technique is very delicate, in particular when several animal species are present in the sample.
- RFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
- Nucleic determination can also consist in sequencing a ubiquitous marker, such as cytochrome B of mitochondrial DNA.
- Mitochondrial DNA is a known target for this kind of analysis since each mitochondria contains from one to ten molecules of mitochondrial DNA, and each cell contains from a few tens to a few thousand mitochondhes, which makes it possible to work on a very small amount of sample.
- FINS Formsically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing
- This method consists in i) isolating the DNA present in a biological sample, ii) amplifying this DNA by PCR by using primers specific for the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene, the primers being chosen from the part of the gene which is highly conserved during evolution and iii) sequencing the amplified DNA segment.
- the sequence is then used for phylogenetic analysis using a database, allowing the identification of the animal species initially present in the sample. If this method has the advantage of being quick and usable on any type of food (fresh, frozen, transformed ...), it however has the major drawback of not allowing the analysis of mixtures of species, from mixtures of amplified sequences derived from the same ubiquitous polymorphic marker, and thus remains reserved for homogeneous raw materials.
- the analysis can also consist in amplifying a specific marker for a given species.
- Lahiff et al Molecular and Cellular Probes, vol.15, pp27-35, 2001
- PCR Molecular and Cellular Probes
- a method developed by Colgan S. et al. was also described in 2001 (FOOD Research International, 2001, vol 34, n ° 5, 401-414) for the detection of 4 species in mixture by the use by PCR of specific primers. If this method allows specific and rapid identification of a particular species, it cannot be applied simultaneously to the detection of several species. Successive PCRs are then necessary if one wishes to detect several species.
- this technique requires having a large number of specific primers if one wants to test a large number of species, which is impractical in practice due to problems of sensitivity and specificity. Finally, if a species is not represented in the set of primers but nevertheless present in the sample to be analyzed, the result will be distorted.
- the previously described techniques allow the determination without prior knowledge of the species present when the sample comprises only one species, they allow the detection of several species when we have prior knowledge of the species present but, none of the techniques previously described does not allow a determination in the presence of a mixture of several species without prior knowledge of said species present. In addition, most of the techniques previously described when several species are present do not allow a reliable determination when the proportions of the different species are very different in the sample. There is therefore a significant need for a technique which, while remaining generic, can detect one or more species, even present in large numbers in the same sample to be analyzed or in very small quantity, and without prior knowledge of the species present.
- the unwanted species must be present in quantities greater than 5% or even 1% according to the legislation compared to the normally present species for there to be effectively fraud, which alleviates the performance required for the molecular diagnostic test, it is otherwise in the case of products in which the presence of products of animal origin is prohibited.
- the technical constraint is important in terms of sensitivity of the method for the most of the material is of plant origin and the addition of animal material varies between 0.1 and 5% w / w.
- the problem to be solved presents an important complexity.
- the determination must be possible in blind, that is to say that the sample is likely to contain or not to contain ingredients obtained from one or more animal species and these species of origin are unknown. If the sample contains ingredients obtained from animal species, the species of origin must be determined and are likely to be related, and the determination must be possible by making only one analysis, with one reagent and a single amplification step, without prior predetermination step, for example of the group of species or setting work of batteries of tests allowing for example to classify the reagents by genera or species to avoid for example cross reactions.
- the Applicant has discovered a set of sequences constituted by the group comprising the sequences SEQ ID Nos 1 to 232, 242 to 261, their sequences respectively complementary, and all homologous sequences, comprising at least 5 contiguous monomers included in the any of said sequences and having at least 70% identity with said any sequence, which allow by the implementation of methods of analysis called molecular biology, the determination of at least one animal species of origin in a sample likely to contain an ingredient obtained from at least the said species.
- a “determination” is understood to be the identification or the detection or quantitative and / or qualitative analysis of an animal species.
- an "animal species” is understood to be the simplest category used in the classification of living species or taxonomy. Living species are classified into categories called taxa, the most important taxa are the Kingdom (animal or plant), the Phylum, the Class, the Order, the Family, the Genus, and the Species. Birds, Fishes and Mammals are classes of vertebrate animals.
- animal species of origin means the animal species, the animal whose tissues, whatever they are, were used as raw material for the preparation of the sample ingredient (s), the product subject to determination according to the present invention.
- a "molecular biology method” is a method based on the enzymatic amplification of nucleic targets (DNA and / or RNA) in vitro and the use of oligonucleotide probes.
- sample is any part obtained directly or indirectly from a product, material, material, starting material, itself capable of containing at least one ingredient obtained from at least one so-called animal species.
- sample to be determined in accordance with the present invention is likely to contain said ingredient of animal origin, from which the animal species or species entered in the composition or constitution of the product, material are identified or detected, or starting material.
- the starting product can be a biological material, a food or foodstuff, for example based on meat or fish, a cosmetic product, etc.
- lysis step means a step capable of releasing the nucleic acids contained in the protein and / or lipid envelopes of the microorganisms (such as cellular debris which disturb the subsequent reactions).
- the lysis methods as described in the applicant's patent applications can be used: WO-A-00/05338 on mixed magnetic and mechanical lysis, WO-A-99/53304 on lysis electric, and
- purification is meant the separation between the nucleic acids and the other cellular constituents released in the lysis step.
- This step generally makes it possible to concentrate the nucleic acids.
- magnetic particles optionally coated with oligonucleotides by adsorption or covalence (see on this subject US-A-4,672,040 and US-A-5,750,338), and thus purify the nucleic acids which are are fixed on these magnetic particles, by a washing step.
- This nucleic acid purification step is particularly advantageous if it is desired to subsequently amplify said nucleic acids.
- a particularly interesting embodiment of these magnetic particles is described in the patent applications filed by the Applicant under the following references: WO-A-97/45202 and WO-A-99/35500.
- the intermediate layer is itself covered by an external layer based on a polymer capable of interacting with at least one biological molecule, for example nucleic acid; the external polymer is thermosensitive and has a predetermined lower critical solubility temperature (LCST) of between 10 and 100 ° C and preferably between 20 and 60 ° C.
- LCST lower critical solubility temperature
- This outer layer is synthesized from monomers cationic, which generate a polymer with the ability to bind nucleic acids.
- This intermediate layer isolates the magnetic charges of the nucleus, in order to avoid the problems of inhibition of the techniques of amplification of these nucleic acids.
- nucleic acid purification method is the use of silica either in the form of a column (Qiagen kits for example) or in the form of inert particles [Boom R. et al., J. Clin. Microbiol., 1990, n ° 28 (3), p. 495-503] or magnetic (Merck: MagPrep ® Silica, Promega: MagneSil TM Paramagnetic particles).
- silica either in the form of a column (Qiagen kits for example) or in the form of inert particles [Boom R. et al., J. Clin. Microbiol., 1990, n ° 28 (3), p. 495-503] or magnetic (Merck: MagPrep ® Silica, Promega: MagneSil TM Paramagnetic particles).
- Other widely used methods are based on ion exchange resins in columns (Qiagen necessary for example) or in paramagnetic particle format (Whatman: DEAE-Magarose) [Levis
- a "sequence", or a “nucleotide fragment”, or an oligonucleotide, or a polynucleotide is a sequence of nucleotide patterns assembled together by phosphoric ester bonds, characterized by the informational sequence of natural nucleic acids, susceptible of s' hybridize to a nucleotide fragment, the sequence being able to contain monomers of different structures and to be obtained from a natural nucleic acid molecule and / or by genetic recombination and / or by chemical synthesis.
- a "motif is derived from a monomer which can be a natural nucleotide of nucleic acid, the constituent elements of which are a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base; in DNA the sugar is deoxy-2-ribose, in RNA, the sugar is ribose; depending on whether it is DNA or RNA, the nitrogenous base is chosen from adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, thymine; or although the monomer is a nucleotide modified in at least one of the three constituent elements; for example, the modification can take place either at the level of the bases, with modified bases such as inosine, 5-methyl-deoxycytidine, deoxyuridine, dimethylamino-oxy deoxyuridine, diamino-2,6-purine, bromo-5 deoxyuridine or any other modified base capable of hybridization, either at the sugar level, for example the replacement of at least one deoxyribose by a polyamide (
- informational sequence is meant any ordered sequence of nucleotide type patterns, the chemical nature and order in a reference direction constitute information of the same quality as that of natural nucleic acids.
- Hybridization means the process during which, under appropriate conditions, two nucleotide fragments, having sufficiently complementary sequences are capable of forming a double strand with stable and specific hydrogen bonds.
- a nucleotide fragment "capable of hybridizing" with a polynucleotide is a fragment which can hybridize with said polynucleotide under hybridization conditions, which can be determined in each case in known manner.
- the hybridization conditions are determined by the stringency, that is to say the rigor of the operating conditions. Hybridization is all the more specific as it is performed at higher stringency. Stringency is defined in particular as a function of the base composition of a probe / target duplex, as well as by the degree of mismatch between two nucleic acids.
- the "stringency” can also be a function of the parameters of the reaction, such as the concentration and the type of ionic species present in the hybridization solution, the nature and the concentration of denaturing agents and / or the hybridization temperature. .
- the stringency of the conditions under which a hybridization reaction must be carried out will depend mainly on the target probes used. All these data are well known and the appropriate conditions can be determined by a person skilled in the art.
- the temperature for the hybridization reaction is between about 20 and 70 ° C, in particular between 35 and 65 ° C in saline at a concentration of about 0.5 to I M.
- a "probe” comprises a nucleotide fragment comprising from 5 to 100 monomers, in particular from 6 to 35 monomers, having a specificity of hybridization under determined conditions to form a hybridization complex with a nucleotide fragment having, in the present case , a nucleotide sequence included for example in an RNA ribosomal, DNA obtained by reverse transcription of said ribosomal RNA and DNA (here called ribosomal DNA or rDNA) of which said ribosomal RNA is the product of transcription; a probe can be capture or detection.
- a "capture probe” is immobilized or immobilizable on a solid support by any appropriate means, that is to say directly or indirectly, for example by covalence or adsorption.
- a "detection probe” can be marked by means of a marker chosen from radioactive isotopes, enzymes (in particular a peroxidase, an alkaline phosphatase, or an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a chromogenic, fluorigenic or luminescent substrate, compounds chromophoric chemicals, chromogenic, fluorescent or luminescent compounds, nucleotide base analogs, and ligands such as biotin.
- a marker chosen from radioactive isotopes, enzymes (in particular a peroxidase, an alkaline phosphatase, or an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a chromogenic, fluorigenic or luminescent substrate, compounds chromophoric chemicals, chromogenic, fluorescent or luminescent compounds, nucleotide base analogs, and ligands such as biotin.
- a "primer” comprises a nucleotide fragment comprising from 5 to 100 nucleotide units and having a specificity of hybridization under conditions determined for the initiation of an enzymatic polymerization, for example in an amplification technique, in a method of sequencing, in a reverse transcription method, etc.
- Homology characterizes the degree of identity of two nucleotide fragments compared, whose criteria used for the present invention are defined below.
- the probes and primers according to the invention are chosen from: (a) the sequences identified in the sequence listing appended to the description, (b) the sequences complementary to each of the sequences identified in the sequence listing appended to the description, the complementarity being understood to mean any sequence capable of hybridizing at a temperature between 20 and 70 ° C and preferably between 35 and 65 ° C in saline at a concentration of approximately 0.5 to 1 M and preferably 0.8 at 1 M, with any of the sequences identified in the sequence listing appended to the description,
- Identity sequence means any sequence or any fragment as defined above, which can serve as a detection and / or capture probe.
- detection is meant either a direct detection by a physical method, or a detection method using a marker.
- marker is meant a tracer capable of generating a signal.
- a non-exhaustive list of these tracers includes the enzymes which produce a detectable signal for example by colorimetry, fluorescence or luminescence, such as horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, beta-lactactosidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; chromophores such as fluorescent, luminescent or coloring compounds; electron density groups detectable by electron microscopy or by their electrical properties such as conductivity, by amperometry or voltammetry methods, or by impedance measurements; the groups detectable by optical methods such as diffraction, surface plasmon resonance, variation of contact angle or by physical methods such as atomic force spectroscopy, tunnel effect, etc. ; radioactive molecules like 32 P, 35 S or 125 l.
- the polynucleotide can be labeled during the enzymatic amplification step, for example using a labeled nucleotide triphosphate for the amplification reaction.
- the labeled nucleotide will be a deoxyribonucleotide in DNA generating amplification systems, such as PCR, or a ribonucleotide in RNA generating amplification techniques, such as TMA or NASBA techniques.
- the polynucleotide can also be labeled after the amplification step, for example by hybridizing a labeled probe according to the sandwich hybridization technique described in document WO-A-91/19812.
- Another particular preferred mode of labeling nucleic acids is described in Application FR-A-2,780,059 to the Applicant.
- Another preferred mode of detection uses the 5'-3 'exonuclease activity of a polymerase, as described by Holland P. M., PNAS (1991) p 7276-7280.
- Signal amplification systems can be used as described in WO-A-95/08000 and, in this case, the preliminary enzymatic amplification reaction may not be necessary.
- enzyme amplification is meant a process generating multiple copies of a particular nucleotide fragment using specific primers by the action of at least one enzyme.
- enzyme amplification there are, among others, the following techniques:
- solid support includes all materials on which a nucleic acid can be immobilized. Synthetic materials or natural materials, optionally chemically modified, can be used as solid support, in particular polysaccharides such as cellulose-based materials, for example paper, cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose or dextran, polymers, copolymers, in particular based on monomers of the styrene type, natural fibers such as cotton, and synthetic fibers such as nylon; mineral materials such as silica, quartz, glasses, ceramics; latexes; magnetic particles; metal derivatives, gels etc.
- the solid support can be in the form of a microtiter plate, a membrane as described in application WO -A-94/12670, a particle or a biochip.
- biochip a solid support of reduced size where a multitude of capture probes are fixed at predetermined positions.
- the main characteristic of the solid support must be to retain the hybridization characteristics of the capture probes on the nucleic acids while generating minimum background noise for the detection method.
- An advantage of biochips is that they simplify the use of numerous capture probes, thus allowing multiple detection of the species to be detected.
- the invention described below makes it possible to solve the problems posed by the methods described above, both in terms of sensitivity, specificity, multidetection capacity and identification, while being fast and easy to implement.
- the invention relates to a method for determining an animal species of origin in a sample capable of containing an ingredient obtained from at least said species, characterized in that: a) a nucleic fraction obtained at from said sample, b) at least one reagent specific to the animal species is available, chosen from the group consisting of
- the complementarity being understood to mean any sequence capable of hybridizing at a temperature between 20 and 70 ° C and preferably between 35 and 65 ° C in saline at a concentration of approximately 0.5 to 1M and preferably 0.8 to 1M with any of the sequences SEQ ID Nos 1 to 232, Nos 242 to 261- the sequences homologous to each of sequences SEQ ID Nos 1 to 232, Nos 242 to 261 and sequences complementary to each of the sequences SED ID Nos 1 to 232,
- nucleic fraction and said reagent are brought into contact, and d) by detection any signal or information resulting from the specific reaction between said reagent and the nucleic fraction is determined, characterizing the presence in said sample of said animal species of origin .
- nucleotide sequence characterized in that it is chosen from the group consisting of: a) the reference sequences SEQ ID Nos 1 to 232, Nos 242 to 261, b) the sequences complementary to each of the SED ID Nos sequences 1 to 232, Nos 242 to 261 respectively, complementarity being understood to mean any sequence capable of hybridizing at a temperature between 20 and 70 ° C and preferably between 35 and 65 ° C in saline at a concentration of approximately 0.5 to 1 M and preferably 0.8 to 1 M with any of the sequences SEQ ID Nos 1 to 232, Nos 242 to 261 c) the sequences homologous to each of the SEQ ID sequences
- the invention relates to a method for determining an animal species of origin in a sample capable of containing an ingredient obtained from at least said species, characterized in that it allows said determination in a sample containing at least one other ingredient obtained from another animal species and without prior knowledge of the species present and in that: a) there is a nucleic fraction obtained from said sample, b) there is at least one specific reagent to the animal species, chosen from the group consisting of
- the nucleic fraction and said reagent are brought into contact, and d) by detection any signal or information resulting from the specific reaction between said reagent and the nucleic fraction is determined, characterizing the presence in said sample of said animal species of origin .
- the invention can also be a probe for determining at least one animal species of origin, comprising at least one previously defined nucleotide identification sequence.
- It also relates to a primer for the specific amplification of a nucleic acid of an animal species of origin, comprising at least one previously defined identification nucleotide sequence.
- Another embodiment of the invention is a reagent for the determination of at least one animal species of origin, comprising a solid support, in the divided or undivided state, on which a previously defined nucleotide sequence is fixed.
- nucleotide sequences or their fragments can be fixed on a solid support and can constitute a biochip which allows the determination of the multiplicity of signals or information.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out manually, semi-automatically or automatically, allowing the implementation of a means of determining the animal species of origin of the animal material contained in a sample.
- This invention also relates to a detection method using in particular the biochip technique.
- This detection method is specific to the species sought through the use of sequences, called identification sequences of each species, as a probe. The speed, sensitivity and specificity of this detection method allow it to be applied equally to any environment.
- this method applies to any sample of food product containing animal material whatever its state and the manufacturing and / or production processes used, in particular the cooking, dehydration and / or preservation techniques, and any sample of manufactured product likely to contain animal extracts, such as for example cosmetic products and / or pharmaceutical products comprising, for example, gelatins of animal origin.
- nucleotide sequences can also be used in all known hybridization techniques such as point-in-time filter deposition techniques called “DOT-BLOT” [Maniatis et al, Molecular Cloning, Cold Spring Harbor, 1982], transfer techniques of DNA called “SOUTHERN BLOT” [Southern EM, J. Mol. Biol., 1975, 98, 503], the so-called “NORTHERN BLOT” RNA transfer techniques, or the “SANDWICH” techniques [Dunn A.R. et al., Cell, 1977, 12,23].
- the present invention also relates to the determination of a group of species or class of animal species or taxon.
- groups of species or classes or taxons are constituted for example of a class, such as the class of mammals, birds or fish, or even of subgroups of species such as a family of birds or of two subgroups united as the birds or mammals.
- signature sequences characteristics of a class, a group, a subgroup or a taxon, and corresponding to regions conserved for the whole. individuals making up the group.
- Any signature sequence specific to a class of animals used in the method according to the present invention has the characteristic that, on the one hand, it has a conserved nucleic region for practically all animal species of the same taxonomic class, and on the other hand it can be discriminated from other sequences corresponding to the same definition than previously, under the usual conditions of determination, defined generically in the appended claims.
- the invention also relates to a method for determining a group of animal species of origin in a sample capable of containing an ingredient obtained from at least one species belonging to said group of animal species considered, characterized in that: a) a nucleic fraction obtained from said sample is available, b) the nucleotide sequence or sequences characteristic of the group of animal species to be determined are identified c) there is at least one reagent comprising a sequence identified with step b), c) the nucleic fraction and said reagent are brought into contact, and d) by detection any signal or information resulting from the presence of one of the previously defined sequences is determined, characterizing the presence in said sample of a group of original animal species.
- the identification of the presence of birds is determined by the signatures:
- CT bases positions 15076-15077 are kept for all of the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that we want to search for, here birds. At most, 5 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of birds chosen. The presence of these two bases at the positions indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of birds in the sample.
- CT or CA bases are kept for all the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that we want to search for, here birds. At most 4 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of birds chosen. The presence of these two bases at the positions indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of birds in the sample.
- the identification of the presence of mammals and birds is determined by the signature V, corresponding to the sequence SEQ N ° 238 ATAGCCACAGCATT, positions 14883 to 14896 (reference sequence Bos taurus genbank; accession n ° V00654).
- the GC bases (in positions 14886 and 14887) are kept for all of the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that we want to search for, here birds and mammals. At most 4 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of birds and mammals chosen. The presence of these two bases at the positions indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of mammals and birds in the sample.
- the identification of the presence of fish is determined by 1 / the P1 signature, corresponding to the sequence SEQ N ° 239 ATAATAACCTCTTT, positions 14713 to 14726 (reference sequence Gadus morhua; genbank accession no. X99772).
- the ATA or ATG bases are kept for all of the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that we want to search for, here the fish. At most 4 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of fish chosen. The presence of these three bases at the positions indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of fish in the sample.
- the signature sequence P2 corresponding to the sequence SEQ N ° 270, positions 14512 to 14526 (reference sequence Gadus morhua genbank; accession no X99772).
- the T base in position 14519 (reference sequence Gadus morhua genbank; accession no. X99772) is kept for all the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that is to be sought, here the fish. At most, 5 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of fish chosen. The presence of this base at the position indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of fish in the sample.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a nucleotide sequence characterized in that it is chosen from the group consisting of: a) the reference sequences SEQ ID Nos 235 to 239, 262 to 271 b) the sequences complementary to each of the SED ID sequences Nos 235 to 239, 262 to 271 respectively, the complementarity being understood to mean any sequence capable of hybridizing at a temperature between 20 and 70 ° C in saline at a concentration from about 0.5 to 1 M with any of the sequences SEQ ID Nos 235 to 239, 262 to 271, c) the sequences homologous to each of the sequences SEQ ID Nos 235 to 239, 262 to 271 and sequences according to b) respectively, the homology being understood to mean any sequence, for example fragment, comprising a series of at least 5 contiguous nucleotides included in any one of said sequences as well as a group of two or three nucleotides belonging to a conserved region for all the species of
- nucleotide sequences as defined above and characterized in that they consist of a group of 2 to 3 nucleotides included in one of the sequences SEQ ID Nos 235 to 239 and corresponding to a conserved region for all the species in a group considered.
- sequences defined above that is to say characterized in that they consist of a group of 2 to 3 nucleotides included in one of the sequences SEQ ID Nos 235 to 239 and corresponding to a region conserved for all the species of a group considered, for the determination of a group of animal species of origin in a sample likely to contain an ingredient obtained from at least one animal species belonging to said group of animal species considered.
- sequences are chosen from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequence consisting of the CAA bases in positions 14689-14690-14691 of SEQ ID No. 235, of the nucleotide sequence consisting of the CT bases in positions 15076-15077 of SEQ ID N ° 236, of the nucleotide sequence consisting of the CT bases in positions 15101-15102 of SEQ ID No. 237, of the nucleotide sequence consisting of the GC bases in positions 14886-14887 of SEQ ID No. 238, and of the nucleotide sequence consisting of ATA bases in positions 14713-14726 of SEQ ID N ° 239.
- nucleotide sequences as defined above and characterized in that they consist a 1 nucleotide included in one of the sequences SEQ ID Nos 262 to 271 and corresponding to a conserved region for all the species of a group considered.
- sequences defined above that is to say characterized in that they consist of a 1 nucleotide included in one of the sequences SEQ ID Nos 262 to 271 and corresponding to a region conserved for l '' set of species of a group considered, for the determination of a group of animal species of origin in a sample likely to contain an ingredient obtained from at least one animal species belonging to said group of animal species considered.
- sequences are chosen from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequence consisting of the base T in positions 14641 of SEQ ID No. 262, of the nucleotide sequence consisting of the base A in positions 14778 of SEQ ID No. 263, the nucleotide sequence consisting of base C in positions 15043 of SEQ ID No. 264, of the nucleotide sequence consisting of base C in positions 15076 of SEQ ID No. 265, by the nucleotide sequence consisting of base C in positions 15101 of SEQ ID No. 266, of the nucleotide sequence consisting of base A in positions 15109 of SEQ ID No.
- a reagent for the determination of at least one animal species of origin comprising a solid support, in the divided or undivided state, on which is fixed a nucleotide sequence chosen from the group consisting of the sequences SEQ ID Nos 235 to 239, Nos 262 to 271.
- nucleotide sequence consisting of the base C in positions 15101 of SEQ ID No. 266 of the nucleotide sequence consisting of the base A in position 15109 of SEQ ID No. 267, of the nucleotide sequence consisting of base C in positions 15115 of SEQ ID No. 268, of the nucleotide sequence consisting of base C in positions 15239 of SEQ
- nucleotide sequence consisting of the base T in positions 14519 of SEQ ID No. 270 of the nucleotide sequence consisting of the base T in positions 14717 of SEQ ID No. 271 characterizing the presence in said sample of a class of animal species or a group of original animal species.
- the identification sequences can also be used as specific primers in identification techniques by
- PCR by mixing several primers chosen from the nucleotide sequences specific for an animal species in the presence of other species likely to be present in the media to be assayed, and in that at least one of said primers is chosen from the group consisting of the sequences SEQ ID Nos: 1 to 232, 242 to 261, and all sequences comprising at least 5 contiguous monomers included in any one of said sequences and having at least 70% d identity with said any sequence
- the invention also relates to the nucleotide sequences, chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID No. 240 to SEQ ID No. 241 and SEQ ID No. 272 to 276 and their use as universal amplification primers, ie usable for the detection of species in mixture and sufficiently sensitive with respect to the various species to avoid erroneous results due to the masking of certain species present in very small proportion due to too great sensitivity with respect to another species liable to 'be present in a larger proportion.
- these primers are used in pairs chosen from the following couples: SEQ ID N ° 240 and SEQ ID N ° 241, SEQ ID N ° 272 and SEQ ID N ° 273, SEQ ID N ° 274 and SEQ ID N ° 275.
- primers are used for the implementation of the amplification steps of the methods described above, in particular when the samples include or are likely to contain biological material originating from species belonging to the group of vertebrates.
- Example 1 Detection of an animal species in a sample
- reference DNA of various animal species mammalian DNA (beef, goat, sheep, pig, rabbit, hare, reindeer), bird DNA (ostrich, chicken, turkey, goose), fish DNA (cod, yellowfin tuna, tuna skipjack, hake, Spanish mackerel, Atlantic tuna, rainbow trout, sea trout, brook salmon)
- a PCR is carried out using the Taq gold Ampli kit from Applied Biosystems according to the protocol below. 10X gold buffer, 3.5 mM Mgcl2, 100 ⁇ M dNTPs (deoxyribonucleosides triphosphates), 2U of Taq gold polymerase, 0.4 ⁇ M of euvertebrate primers as described by Bartlett et al are added to 2 ⁇ l of the total DNA suspension. in 1992 (Biotechniques vol12n ° 3 p408.412): SEQ ID N ° 233: 5 'CCATCCAACA TCTCAGCATG ATGAAA 3'
- CDL sequence SEQ ID N ° 234: 5 'GAAATTAATA CGACTCACTA TAGGGAGACC
- a first 10-minute PCR cycle is carried out at 95 ° C followed by 35 cycles each consisting of the following 3 steps: 94 ° C for 45 seconds, 50 ° C for 45 seconds, 72 ° C for 2 minutes. A final extension of 5 minutes at 72 ° C is then carried out.
- amplification product or amplicon
- 5 ⁇ l of amplification product are deposited on a 1.5% agarose gel in an EDTA-Tris Borate buffer. After a migration of 20 minutes at 100 volts, the amplification band is visualized by staining with Ethidium Bromide and by illumination with Ultra Violets. The amplification is positive as demonstrated by the presence of a band having the expected size (350 base pairs).
- a biochip is synthesized on a solid glass support according to the method described in US Pat. No. 5,744,305 (Affymetrix, Fodor et al) using the resequencing strategy described in application WO 95/1 1995
- Each identification sequence has 17 bases, with an interrogation position in o th position relative to the 3 'end of the sequence.
- the analysis is carried out with the complete GeneChip® system (reference 900228, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) which includes the GeneArray® reader, the GeneChip® fluid station and the GeneChip® analysis software. e. 1. Transcription and labeling of amplicons
- the antisense primer CBHT7 all the amplification products have a promoter for T7 RNA polymerase. These amplicons will then serve as a matrix for a transcription reaction during which a fluorescent ribonucleotide will be incorporated. From the 50 ⁇ l of positive amplification product, a 2 ⁇ l aliquot is taken and added to a transcription mixture containing the components of the Megascript T7 kit (Ambion, ref. 1334) and fluorescein-12-UTP (Roche, ref. 1427857). The final reaction mixture is carried out in 20 ⁇ l and the transcription reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 37 ° C. e. 2.
- the labeled transcripts are fragmented into fragments of approximately 20 nucleotides.
- the 20 ⁇ l of labeled transcripts are subjected to the action of imidazole (Sigma) 30 mM and manganese chloride (Merck) 30 mM for 30 minutes at 65 ° C. e. 3.
- the hybridization image obtained is analyzed by GeneChip® software (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) .
- GeneChip® software Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA
- the hybridization spots allow the amplicon sequence to be reconstructed, which is then compared to the reference sequences of the chip.
- the sequence (and therefore the species which corresponds to it) which has the best percentage of homology (also called “base-call”, expressed in%) with the amplicon sequence is retained for identification. . Results interpretation.
- the interpretation threshold i.e. the identification level is set at 90% base-call on the signature sequence. Below this threshold, the target, and therefore the corresponding species, is not considered identified.
- the DNA extracted from the food sample gives rise to an amplification product, then to an identification on the chip.
- the reference samples are correctly analyzed by this technique, which also allows the detection of animal species (mammal, bird, fish) in commercial samples.
- Table 1 detection of an animal species in a sample
- Example 1 The experimental conditions concerning sample preparation, sample lysis and purification of total DNA, PCR, verification of amplification and identification of the amplicon on a DNA chip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara) are identical to what is described in Example 1.
- sample preparation, sample lysis and purification of total DNA, PCR, verification of amplification and identification of the amplicon on a DNA chip are identical to what is described in Example 1.
- several animal species are simultaneously analyzed from the same sample.
- the analysis is carried out on: reference samples (designated “ref”, as in Example 1) consisting of: a mixture of DNA from two different animal species, in variable proportion from each of the 2 species one mixture of amplicons (obtained according to the protocol of example 1), in variable proportion of each of the two species, commercial samples (designated “comm”, as in example 1), obtained from mass distribution, comprising several animal species in the same sample.
- Example 3 Detection of one or more animal species in flour intended for animal feed. a) Preparation of the sample The experimental conditions concerning the preparation of the samples are similar to what is described in Example 1. The samples are obtained from flour intended for animal feed. These samples (numbered from F1 to F17) were previously classified according to 4 categories, after analysis of the presence of bone fragments as described by Michard (Revue de l'Alimentation animal, vol. 508, pp 43-48, 1997 ; reference technique).
- PCR is performed using the Taq gold Ampli kit from Applied Biosystems. 10X gold buffer, 3.5 mM MgCl 2 , 100 ⁇ M dNTPs are added to 10 ⁇ l of the suspension of total DNA extracted from flour (deoxyribonucleosides triphosphates), 2U of Taq gold polymerase, 0.4 ⁇ M of the euvertebrate primers CBL and CBHT7 as defined in Example 1 in order to obtain 50 ⁇ l of final reaction volume. A first 10-minute cycle is carried out at 95 ° C. of PCR, then 35 cycles each consisting of the following 3 steps: 94 ° C. 45 sec, 50 ° C. 45 sec, 72 ° C. 2 minutes. A final extension of 5 minutes at 72 ° C is then carried out. d) Verification of amplification
- Table 3 detection of one or more animal species in meal intended for animal feed.
- Example 4 detection of the class of species contained in a sample (table 4)
- the objective of this example is to obtain a technique making it possible to detect the class of vertebrates (mammals, birds, fish %) of the animal of origin of the ingredient contained in a food sample or a flour sample intended for animal feed.
- the identification of the presence of mammals and / or fish and / or birds is determined by the presence of signatures specific to each class.
- the signature sequence M1 will be used, corresponding to the sequence SEQ No. 235 GACACAACAA CAGC, positions 14685 to 14698 (reference sequence Bos taurus genbank; accession no. V00654).
- the CAA bases in positions 14689-14690-14691 are kept for all of the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that is to be sought, here mammals. At most, 5 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of mammals chosen. The presence of these three bases at the positions indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of mammals in the sample.
- the identification of the presence of birds is determined by the signatures: O1, corresponding to the sequence SEQ N ° 236 TCCCTAGCCT
- TCTC positions 15073 to 15086 (reference sequence Gallus gallus; genbank accession no. X52392).
- the CT bases positions 15076-15077 are kept for all of the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that we want to search for, here birds. At most, 5 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of birds chosen. The presence of these two bases at the positions indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of birds in the sample.
- CT or CA bases are kept for all the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that we want to search for, here birds. At most 4 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of birds chosen. The presence of these two bases at the positions indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of birds in the sample.
- the identification of the presence of mammals and birds is determined by the signature V1, corresponding to the sequence SEQ N ° 238 ATAGCCACAGCATT, positions 14883 to 14896 (reference sequence Bos taurus genbank; accession n ° V00654).
- the GC bases (in positions 14886 and 14887) are kept for all of the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that we want to search for, here mammals and birds. At most 4 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of mammals and birds chosen. The presence of these two bases at the positions indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of mammals and birds in the sample.
- the identification of the presence of fish is determined by the signature P1, corresponding to the sequence SEQ No. 239 ATAATAACCTCTTT, positions 14713 to 14726 (reference sequence Gadus morhua; genbank accession no. X99772).
- the ATA or ATG bases are kept for all of the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that we may be looking for, here fish. At most 4 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the selected fish group.
- the presence of these three bases at the positions indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of fish in the sample.
- this technique makes it possible to detect the presence of mammals and / or birds and / or fish, whether these species are present singly or in a mixture.
- Table 4a detection of species class in a sample
- a variant consists in selecting not a triplet of nucleotides, but a single nucleotide representative of a given class of species. For example, for the detection of the presence of mammals, we will use indifferently
- positions 14771 to 14785 reference sequence Bos taurus genbank; accession no. V00654.
- the base A in position 14778 (reference sequence Bos taurus genbank; accession no. V00654) is kept for all of the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that is to be sought, here mammals. At most, 5 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of mammals chosen. The presence of this base at the position indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of mammals in the sample.
- positions 15036 to 15050 (reference sequence Gallus gallus genbank; accession no X52392).
- the base C in position 15043 (reference sequence Ga // tvs gallus genbank; accession no X52392) is kept for all of the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that is to be sought, here birds. At most, 5 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of birds chosen. The presence of this base at the position indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of birds in the sample.
- the signature sequence P2 corresponding to the sequence SEQ N ° 270 TCAGACATCGAGACA, positions 14512 to 14526 (reference sequence Gadus morhua genbank; accession n ° X99772).
- the T base in position 14519 (reference sequence Gadus morhua genbank; accession no X99772) is kept for all of the nucleic material corresponding to the predefined species constituting the group that is to be sought, here the fish. At most, 5 mutated positions are observed for the remainder of the signature cited for all of the sequences constituting the nucleic material of the group of fish chosen. The presence of this base at the position indicated above thus makes it possible to determine the presence of fish in the sample.
- a first pair of primers comprising the following sequences
- SEQ ID N ° 240 5 'GACCTCCCAG CCCCATCAAA 3' (sequence CBL 20) and SEQ ID N ° 241: 5 'GAAATTAATA CGACTCACTA TAGGGAGACC
- ACACAGAATG ATATTTGTCC TCA 3 '(sequence CBHT7 20, with in bold, the localization of the T7 polymerase promoter) was initially chosen to increase the detection threshold of certain species, notably turkey, or sheep, which when they are in trace amounts in a commercial sample, can be masked by the presence of beef.
- the technique used to obtain identification on the chip is as described in Example 1a, 1b, 1c (with the modified primers), 1d, 1e.
- the use of these new primers makes it possible to obtain, in turkeys, a detection threshold of the order of 1% by comparison with the primers of Examples 1 to 4 where the detection threshold was around 10%.
- the use of these new primers also allows, in commercial samples, coming from the large distribution, the identification of animal species, in particular the sheep, present in the trace state, which were masked by the presence of beef in the previous examples (Table 5b).
- a second pair of primers was chosen and used in duplex with the pair of primers described in example 1c: during the detection of animal species initially present in a can, to be confronted with a problem of degradation of the DNA of the animal species which one wishes to detect, in particular during canned fish (for example canned tuna).
- the technique used to obtain identification on the chip is as described in example 1a, 1b, 1d, 1e with the exception of step 1c: two additional internal primers (in addition to the universal ones) are used which amplify the 350 bp region into two smaller parts.
- a first pair of primers (used in duplex 1) comprising the following sequences
- SEQ ID N ° 273: TTCTTCTTTATCTGTITCTA (/ Inosine) was initially chosen to increase the detection threshold of certain fish species, in particular when these fish species are present in a can.
- a second pair of primers (used in duplex 2), comprising the following sequences, was also selected:
- a first cycle of 10 minutes at 95 ° C of PCR is carried out, then 35 cycles each made up of the following 3 steps: 94 ° C 45 sec, 50 ° C 45 sec, 72 ° C 2 min.
- a final extension of 5 minutes at 72 ° C is then carried out.
- An amplification check is carried out by depositing_5 ⁇ l of amplification product (amplicon) on a 1.5% agarose gel in EDTA- Tris Borate. After a migration of 20 min at 100 V, two amplification bands are visualized by staining with Ethidium Bromide and by UV illumination.
- Table 5c detection of several species of fish in a sample (from a can)
- each primer can be used with or without the T7 promoter.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03709871A EP1458894A2 (fr) | 2002-01-10 | 2003-01-10 | Procede de detection et/ou d identification de l espece animale d origine de la matiere animale contenue dans un echantillon |
| AU2003214306A AU2003214306B2 (en) | 2002-01-10 | 2003-01-10 | Method for the detection and/or identification of the original animal species in animal matter contained in a sample |
| US10/500,646 US20050069890A1 (en) | 2002-01-10 | 2003-01-10 | Method for the detection and/or identification of the original animal species in animal matter contained in a sample |
| JP2003558206A JP2005514037A (ja) | 2002-01-10 | 2003-01-10 | 試料中に含まれる動物性材料における本来の動物種の検出および/または識別方法 |
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| FR02/00265 | 2002-01-10 | ||
| FR0200265A FR2834521B1 (fr) | 2002-01-10 | 2002-01-10 | Procede de detection et/ou d'identification de l'espece animale d'origine de la matiere animale contenue dans un echantillon |
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| WO2003057913A2 true WO2003057913A2 (fr) | 2003-07-17 |
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| PCT/FR2003/000078 Ceased WO2003057913A2 (fr) | 2002-01-10 | 2003-01-10 | Procede de detection et/ou d'identification de l'espece animale d'origine de la matiere animale contenue dans un echantillon |
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| EP (1) | EP1458894A2 (fr) |
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| AU (1) | AU2003214306B2 (fr) |
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| CA2688155C (fr) * | 2007-05-31 | 2020-02-11 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Detection haute specificite et haute sensibilite reposant sur un empechement sterique et amplification de signal associee a une enzyme |
| CN102181553B (zh) * | 2011-04-20 | 2013-01-30 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | 一种检测转基因牛的基因芯片,其制备方法和应用 |
| EP3122173B2 (fr) | 2014-03-26 | 2024-05-29 | SCR Engineers Ltd | Système de localisation de bétail |
| US10986817B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2021-04-27 | Intervet Inc. | Method and system for tracking health in animal populations |
| US11071279B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2021-07-27 | Intervet Inc. | Method and system for tracking health in animal populations |
| AU2019261293B2 (en) | 2018-04-22 | 2024-10-10 | Vence, Corp. | Livestock management system and method |
| FR3086837B1 (fr) | 2018-10-03 | 2021-06-18 | Allflex Europe | Pince pour la manipulation d’un dispositif d’identification d’un animal et/ou de prelevement d’un tissu d’un animal comprenant des moyens de maintien a moyens d’actionnement deportes |
| IL309302B2 (en) | 2018-10-10 | 2024-11-01 | Scr Eng Ltd | Livestock dry off method and device |
| US12193413B2 (en) | 2019-02-08 | 2025-01-14 | Allflex Australia Pty Ltd | Electronic animal tag reader |
| CN113678135B (zh) | 2019-02-08 | 2025-12-19 | 奥尔弗莱克斯澳大利亚有限公司 | 牲畜位置的判定 |
| US12144320B2 (en) | 2019-02-08 | 2024-11-19 | Allflex Australia Pty Ltd | Electronic animal identification tag reader synchronisation |
| US12409474B2 (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2025-09-09 | S.C.R. (Engineers) Limited | Devices for analysis of a fluid |
| IL275518B (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2021-10-31 | Scr Eng Ltd | Animal tag |
| USD990062S1 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2023-06-20 | S.C.R. (Engineers) Limited | Animal ear tag |
| USD990063S1 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2023-06-20 | S.C.R. (Engineers) Limited | Animal ear tag |
| IL275812B (en) | 2020-07-01 | 2022-01-01 | Scr Eng Ltd | System and method for placing devices |
| CA3200086A1 (fr) | 2020-11-25 | 2022-06-02 | Identigen Limited | Systeme et procede de pistage d'individus d'une population animale |
| IL280374B2 (en) | 2021-01-24 | 2023-11-01 | Scr Eng Ltd | System and method for controlling animal marking |
| IL280744A (en) | 2021-02-09 | 2022-09-01 | Scr Eng Ltd | A system and method for determining animal population welfare |
| CA206812S (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2023-04-11 | Chevillot Sas | Tag applicator for animals |
| CA206747S (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2024-12-30 | Chevillot Sas | Tag applicator for animals |
| IL283741A (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2022-07-01 | Scr Eng Ltd | A system and method for estimating greenhouse gas emissions in an environment that houses animals |
| US12174208B2 (en) | 2021-07-13 | 2024-12-24 | Identigen Limited | Automated system for collecting tissue samples, and corresponding method and computer-readable medium |
| US12402596B2 (en) | 2022-05-03 | 2025-09-02 | S.C.R. (Engineers) Limited | Milk channel and feed inlet coupled thereto, and system and method for conserving wash fluid in a washing process for cleaning a milkmeter system |
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| US4672040A (en) * | 1983-05-12 | 1987-06-09 | Advanced Magnetics, Inc. | Magnetic particles for use in separations |
| US4912038A (en) * | 1984-12-11 | 1990-03-27 | California Biotechnology Inc. | Recombinant DNA sequence encoding alveolar surfactant protein |
| US4683195A (en) * | 1986-01-30 | 1987-07-28 | Cetus Corporation | Process for amplifying, detecting, and/or-cloning nucleic acid sequences |
| US4683202A (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1987-07-28 | Cetus Corporation | Process for amplifying nucleic acid sequences |
| US4800159A (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1989-01-24 | Cetus Corporation | Process for amplifying, detecting, and/or cloning nucleic acid sequences |
| US4981783A (en) * | 1986-04-16 | 1991-01-01 | Montefiore Medical Center | Method for detecting pathological conditions |
| US5750338A (en) * | 1986-10-23 | 1998-05-12 | Amoco Corporation | Target and background capture methods with amplification for affinity assays |
| US5700637A (en) * | 1988-05-03 | 1997-12-23 | Isis Innovation Limited | Apparatus and method for analyzing polynucleotide sequences and method of generating oligonucleotide arrays |
| US5234809A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1993-08-10 | Akzo N.V. | Process for isolating nucleic acid |
| US5744101A (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1998-04-28 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Photolabile nucleoside protecting groups |
| US5143854A (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1992-09-01 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Large scale photolithographic solid phase synthesis of polypeptides and receptor binding screening thereof |
| CA2020958C (fr) * | 1989-07-11 | 2005-01-11 | Daniel L. Kacian | Methodes d'amplification de sequences d'acide nucleique |
| US6582908B2 (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 2003-06-24 | Affymetrix, Inc. | Oligonucleotides |
| US5807522A (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1998-09-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Methods for fabricating microarrays of biological samples |
| DE19839573C2 (de) * | 1998-08-31 | 2001-07-12 | Genalysis Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Nachweis von Nukleinsäure-Fragmenten |
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2002
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- 2003-01-10 JP JP2003558206A patent/JP2005514037A/ja active Pending
- 2003-01-10 EP EP03709871A patent/EP1458894A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-10 WO PCT/FR2003/000078 patent/WO2003057913A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2003-01-10 AU AU2003214306A patent/AU2003214306B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2834521A1 (fr) | 2003-07-11 |
| AU2003214306A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
| US20050069890A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
| WO2003057913A3 (fr) | 2004-04-01 |
| FR2834521B1 (fr) | 2004-12-17 |
| AU2003214306B2 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
| JP2005514037A (ja) | 2005-05-19 |
| EP1458894A2 (fr) | 2004-09-22 |
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