WO2003064727A1 - High-pressure hydrogen producing apparatus and producing method - Google Patents
High-pressure hydrogen producing apparatus and producing method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003064727A1 WO2003064727A1 PCT/JP2003/000319 JP0300319W WO03064727A1 WO 2003064727 A1 WO2003064727 A1 WO 2003064727A1 JP 0300319 W JP0300319 W JP 0300319W WO 03064727 A1 WO03064727 A1 WO 03064727A1
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- pure water
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- water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/05—Pressure cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Definitions
- the present invention uses a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (hereinafter also referred to as PEM) to electrolyze pure water such as ion-exchanged water, distilled water, and purified purified water to provide a mechanical booster such as a compressor. It relates to a high-pressure hydrogen production system and method for directly producing high-pressure hydrogen (compressed hydrogen) that is required for hydrogen energy utilization, etc., without using it, and belongs to hydrogen clean energy related technology. It is. Background art
- Fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum, which are currently the mainstream of energy, emit carbon dioxide as a result of their use as a major cause of global warming. Nitrogen oxides and oxides can also damage human health and cause acid rain that destroys forests. In addition, fossil fuels have limited reserves and present more fundamental problems than dying out sooner or later. Technologies to reduce or stop the consumption of fossil fuels in order to reduce the occurrence of these problems, and to use fossil fuels instead of renewable and renewable clean natural energy instead Development is required. Solar energy is the largest natural energy alternative to fossil fuels, and the hourly energy that the Earth receives from the sun equals more than a year's worth of energy that humans consume today.
- Hydrogen is easy to store and can be converted back to electric power by a fuel cell or the like, if necessary, and is convenient and efficient. It is considered that water can be efficiently converted to clean hydrogen energy by water electrolysis and stored, and this hydrogen can be used as an alternative to conventional petroleum, etc. In the 21st century, hydrogen will be used as energy It is also said that it will become a hydrogen economic society.
- PEFC hydrogen-based fuel
- the use of this method for auto power generation in cars and homes is also being studied, and as these methods become more widespread and hydrogen produced by renewable energy becomes widely used, the global warming potential of carbon dioxide will increase. It is thought that a hydrogen economic society without distribution can be realized.
- efficient production of hydrogen from renewable energy, especially solar energy is an important issue.
- the biggest challenge in using hydrogen as energy is how to safely and compactly carry (transport) or store gaseous hydrogen.
- PEM water electrolysis in which pure water is directly electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen by the reverse reaction of PEFC, has attracted attention as a method for efficiently producing hydrogen. That is, in alkaline water electrolysis that has been widely known, alkali such as caustic potash reacts with impurities such as carbon dioxide dissolved in water to form deposits on the electrodes. In order to remove it, it is necessary to disassemble and clean the water electrolysis cell on a regular basis, and a purification device is required to remove the alkali mist accompanying the generated hydrogen.
- PEM water electrolysis directly electrolyzes pure water to obtain high-purity hydrogen, and hydrogen and oxygen are separated by PEM that only allows protons to pass. Even if it is stopped and left alone, hydrogen and oxygen are not mixed as in alkaline water electrolysis, and starting and stopping can be repeated freely, so the fluctuating power generated by natural energy However, it is an excellent method for efficiently converting to hydrogen.
- PEM water electrolysis It decomposes small liquid water into large-volume gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, and has a boosting capacity capable of generating high-pressure hydrogen and oxygen by itself.
- a machine such as a compressor It is not a dream to generate high-pressure hydrogen of 1,000 atm or more by electrolysis alone without using a pressure booster.
- there are no moving parts so there is no need to perform regular and frequent inspections and maintenance work such as replacing consumable parts.
- the hydrogen generator using PEM water electrolysis has a plurality of unit cells with a structure in which a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) with a catalyst electrode such as platinum formed on both sides is sandwiched by a porous feeder that can secure the passage of pure water and gas. It is composed of a plurality of water electrolysis cells.
- a water electrolysis cell having such a structure the unit cells are stacked, and the electrode plate that separates the unit cells is called a bipolar electrode because it functions as both an anode and a cathode of the next cell.
- the PEM water electrolysis cell configured by the above can be called a bipolar stacked water electrolysis cell.
- liquid hydrogen as energy is an inefficient use of energy, and in order to realize this, it is necessary to construct equipment that does not generate energy and consume more energy. Have to be.
- liquid hydrogen is used as a high-pressure hydrogen source, that is, as an energy source, it is limited and is unlikely to become a major energy source in the future hydrogen economy.
- gas compressors have the above-mentioned problems such as wear of parts, and mechanical pressurizing devices such as gas compressors that generate such high pressure, high pressure hydrogen of about 350 atm or more are not available.
- proven reciprocating machines can only handle up to 200 atmospheres.
- the diaphragm type requires the diaphragm to be replaced every 100 hours, and the capacity is a maximum of about 3 O Nm 3 / hour, and the compressor of the required capacity of 300 Nm 3 Z hour There is no fact. Furthermore, the contamination of hydrogen by the gas compressor itself cannot be ignored.
- compressed hydrogen which compresses hydrogen to a high pressure state to reduce its volume and enables transport and storage, is the most efficient form of energy use as the main energy, and is used as energy High-pressure compressed hydrogen by using high-pressure hydrogen to reduce the volume, make it convenient for storage and transportation, and to replace fossil fuels, and use only water electrolysis without using a gas compressor.
- the cell is immersed in pure water in a high-pressure vessel that stores pure water and oxygen, with the focus on the fact that the force generated is the pressure difference between the hydrogen and oxygen pressures inside the cell and the pressure outside the cell.
- the differential pressure acting on the PEM membrane and the sealing part of the cell can be reduced, respectively. Even if high-pressure hydrogen and oxygen that are higher than the cell's withstand pressure are controlled within the withstand pressure, only a differential pressure within the cell's withstand pressure acts on the cell, enabling high-pressure hydrogen to be generated. Things.
- the water electrolysis cell is housed in a high-pressure vessel and immersed in pure water, and the oxygen generated at the anode is stored in the high-pressure vessel. Since the water electrolysis cell having the electrodes is sealed in an environment where oxygen and water coexist easily at high pressure, consideration must be given to metal corrosion. In addition, the higher the temperature of the water electrolysis cell, as far as the heat resistance of the PEM allows, the higher the temperature, but the higher the temperature, the more likely that metal corrosion of the electrodes and the like will occur.
- the specific resistance of the pure water in which the PEM water electrolysis cell is immersed is reduced, and leakage current becomes a problem.
- the pure water in which the water electrolysis cell is immersed is cooled by a heat exchanger to generate power. This solves the problem of heat generation due to loss, and forces operation at a temperature of 40 ° C or less, which is inefficient and disadvantageous for effective use of heat.
- the water electrolysis cell is stored in the event that the PEM separating the anode and cathode compartments of the water electrolysis cell breaks, or the seal of the water electrolysis cell breaks, etc. Danger of explosion due to a large amount of hydrogen mixed with oxygen in a high-pressure vessel Therefore, countermeasures are also necessary.
- this hydrogen / oxygen device can produce high-pressure hydrogen of several hundred atmospheres or more, but at present it is suitable only for the production of hydrogen of several tens of atmospheres or less. It is not easy to generate high-pressure hydrogen of several hundred atmospheres or more.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-130901 discloses a method of storing hydrogen and oxygen generated in water electrolysis in dedicated high-pressure tanks, respectively.
- PCB is flame-retardant and has excellent performance, but its production and use are prohibited due to pollution and other problems. All are flammable and can explode if oxygen leaks.
- pure water is excellent as an insulating liquid, but pure water has a problem such as a change in resistivity with time, as described above, and is difficult to use.
- pure water since pure water has the ability to dissolve all substances, when pure water is sealed in a high-pressure container, the high-pressure container wall dissolves and the specific resistance of the pure water gradually decreases, causing leakage current and increasing efficiency.
- pure water is electrolyzed by the leaked power, producing hydrogen and oxygen in the high-pressure vessel containing the water electrolysis cell, increasing the pressure, and eventually crushing the water electrolysis cell There is also the danger that the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen will explode, and measures must be taken against them. Disclosure of the invention
- high-pressure hydrogen By storing oxygen generated at the anode in a high-pressure container and returning oxygen together with pure water in a high-pressure container for storing pure water for electrolysis, high-pressure hydrogen can be generated stably and safely only by water electrolysis. And established a high-pressure hydrogen production device and a production method for producing high-pressure compressed hydrogen required by using hydrogen energy of 350 atm or more by PEM water electrolysis. Further, in the above-described production apparatus and its production method, the pressure difference between the pressure of the high-pressure container for storing hydrogen and the pressure of the high-pressure container for storing pure water for electrolysis for storing oxygen and pure water is determined by using a water electrolysis cell.
- the obtained hydrogen and oxygen are further stored and supplied to the oxygen side of the water electrolysis cell.
- the hydrogen generated in the water electrolysis cell is cooled by a heat exchanger placed outside the high-pressure vessel in the previous period and then returned to the high-pressure vessel. In this way, they found that the water electrolysis cell could be prevented from being heated due to the power loss during water electrolysis, and could operate more stably.
- PEM water electrolysis the water electrolysis efficiency increases as the temperature increases.
- PEM used for PEM water electrolysis is a polymer material similar to plastics, etc., and is a material with excellent heat resistance as a polymer material. In order to generate high-pressure hydrogen more efficiently, PEM must be used.
- a predetermined electrolysis temperature preferably at about 80 ° C.
- Water electrolysis is suspended in winter and in winter, especially during nighttime electrolysis when water is electrolyzed to generate hydrogen by solar power generation, which is considered to be clean energy in the future.
- the piping for hydrogen and oxygen in the above-mentioned heat exchanger and the piping for the heat medium should be branched into narrow tubes.
- the heat transfer area was enlarged to ensure sufficient pressure resistance and high thermal conductivity, and the temperature in the PEM water electrolysis system could be efficiently and accurately controlled. It was.
- the allowable withstand pressure of a general water electrolysis cell is 4 atm, so when the generation pressure of hydrogen and oxygen is about 10 atm, the pressure control accuracy is 4Z10, that is, within 40%. Therefore, it is possible to respond without damaging the water electrolysis cell by the normal pressure control method, and for the time being, the pressure of about 350 atm, which is required when hydrogen is used as energy, Hydrogen generation is possible in principle with a general water electrolysis cell.
- the cell is effective in improving the pressure resistance, and if this structure is adopted, the diameter of the high-pressure container for housing the water electrolysis cell can be reduced, and if the pressure increases, that is, if the pressure increases,
- the wall thickness of the high-pressure vessel must be large, and the wall thickness, which needs to be increased in proportion to the square of the vessel diameter, can be made as thin as possible, making the processing and handling of the vessel easier and cost-effective. Was found.
- Tightening and fixing of the bipolar electrode type water electrolysis cell is performed by pressing with clamping force.
- the pure water to be electrolyzed is supplied from the pure water supply path formed by the hole provided in the center of the cell.
- a water level meter used in the present invention particularly, as a water level meter for measuring the water level in a vessel in the presence of a high-pressure gas, the following problems are solved, and as a water level gauge for improving pressure control accuracy, oxygen or the like is used. They developed a water gauge that takes advantage of the large difference in the electrical conductivity characteristics between pure gas and pure water.
- a water level gauge that can solve such problems and operates stably under high pressure has been newly developed in order to widely and stably implement the high-pressure hydrogen production method of the present invention.
- a water electrolysis cell composed of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane that generates hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis of pure water is arranged in a high-pressure vessel that also serves as a storage tank for generated hydrogen. And a high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus.
- the present invention provides a water electrolysis cell comprising a solid polymer electrolyte membrane for generating hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis therein, which communicates with a high-pressure container for storing the generated hydrogen and the water electrolysis cell,
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for producing high-pressure hydrogen, which comprises pure water for decomposition and a high-pressure vessel for storing generated oxygen.
- the present invention also provides a water electrolysis cell comprising a solid polymer electrolyte membrane that generates hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis therein, and communicates with a high-pressure container that stores the generated hydrogen and the water electrolysis cell to provide an electrolysis cell.
- a water electrolysis cell comprising a solid polymer electrolyte membrane that generates hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis therein, and communicates with a high-pressure container that stores the generated hydrogen and the water electrolysis cell to provide an electrolysis cell.
- a pressure control means for adjusting the difference between the internal pressure of the high-pressure container for storing hydrogen and the internal pressure of the high-pressure container for storing oxygen to a pressure equal to or lower than the pressure resistance of the water electrolysis cell. It is about.
- the pressure control means in the invention relating to the high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus measures pressure in each high-pressure vessel, and opens and closes a valve provided in each high-pressure vessel based on the measured value.
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for producing high-pressure hydrogen, wherein the differential pressure is adjusted to a pressure equal to or lower than the pressure resistance of a water electrolysis cell by extracting hydrogen or oxygen.
- the pressure control means in the invention relating to the high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus opens and closes a valve in pure water in a container provided in a pipe communicating with pure water present in each high-pressure container
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for producing high-pressure hydrogen, wherein pressure is adjusted by moving pure water.
- the pressure control means in the invention relating to the high-pressure hydrogen production device is provided in a pipe communicating with pure water present in each high-pressure vessel, and according to a pressure difference of the pure water in each high-pressure vessel.
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for producing high-pressure hydrogen, wherein the pressure is adjusted by a pressure adjuster having a slider that slides inside.
- the present invention provides the water electrolysis cell according to the invention relating to the high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus, wherein the water electrolysis cell comprises a plurality of bipolar electrodes each comprising a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having catalyst layers formed on both surfaces thereof and a porous feeder contacting both surfaces thereof.
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for producing high-pressure hydrogen, which is a multi-pole type of stacked type, and which is arranged on a mounting table in a high-pressure container in a state of being pressed from above by a holding jig.
- the present invention provides a water electrolysis cell comprising a solid polymer electrolyte membrane in a high-pressure vessel, and the pure water is electrolyzed by the water electrolysis cell to generate hydrogen and oxygen. It is stored in a high-pressure vessel in which cells are placed, and oxygen is returned together with pure water.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing high-pressure hydrogen, characterized by storing pure water for gas decomposition in a high-pressure container for storing.
- the present invention provides a water electrolysis cell comprising a solid polymer electrolyte membrane in a high-pressure vessel, and the pure water is electrolyzed by the water electrolysis cell to generate hydrogen and oxygen, and the generated hydrogen is cooled.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing high-pressure hydrogen, comprising storing oxygen in a high-pressure vessel in which a water electrolysis cell is arranged, and storing oxygen in a high-pressure vessel for storing pure water for electrolysis together with return pure water.
- the present invention provides the method for producing high-pressure hydrogen, wherein the electrolysis is performed by: determining a pressure difference between an internal pressure of a high-pressure container for storing hydrogen and a pressure of a high-pressure container for storing oxygen and pure water; The pressure is adjusted while maintaining the pressure equal to or lower than the pressure resistance of the polymer electrolyte membrane to be adjusted.Furthermore, the adjustment of the pressure is performed by adjusting the hydrogen pressure and oxygen pressure of each high-pressure vessel and / or the pure water present in the vessel.
- TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing high-pressure hydrogen, which is controlled by movement of hydrogen.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing an entire configuration of one embodiment of a high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of piping in which the cooling effect is enhanced in the high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electric water pump using an induction motor, which is an example of the water pump in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of a current introduction terminal for transmitting a large current to a water electrolysis cell.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of a current introduction terminal for transmitting a small current to a water pump and a water gauge.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of a water level gauge used in the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic explanatory view showing another example of the water pump.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of sealing a through hole formed in a side wall of a high-pressure container.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic explanatory view showing the overall configuration of another embodiment of the high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a partial sectional view showing the structure of the differential pressure detector in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view (a) and a side view (b) showing the structure of the release valve in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing the structure of the water gauge in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic explanatory view showing the entire configuration of a third embodiment of the high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a partial sectional view (a) of the pressure regulator in FIG. 13 and a sectional view taken along line AA ′ (b).
- FIG. 15 is a partial sectional view of another example of the pressure regulator.
- FIG. 16 is a partial sectional view of another example of the pressure regulator.
- FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a structure and an attached state of the water electrolysis cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is an exploded perspective view of the water electrolysis cell in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing a pure water flow at the anode of the water electrolysis cell in FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the present invention basically uses a water electrolysis cell having an anode chamber and a cathode chamber separated by a membrane such as a solid polymer electrolyte to directly electrolyze pure water to form hydrogen and hydrogen.
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for producing hydrogen and oxygen which generate oxygen.
- the present invention improves a known hydrogen and oxygen production apparatus, and enables safe and stable production of high-pressure hydrogen without using a gas compressor.
- the components constituting the manufacturing apparatus are basically the same as those known in the art.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a schematic overall configuration of a high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus according to the present invention.
- Reference numeral 1 denotes a high-pressure hydrogen container 10 (as described below, hydrogen is also used for storing hydrogen.
- a water electrolysis cell placed in a PEM which is not shown, is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber (neither is shown) by a water electrolysis membrane with electrodes formed at both ends of the PEM.
- the pure water for electrolysis is supplied to the anode chamber of the water electrolysis cell 1 through the pure water supply pipe 3, and electricity is supplied from the power supply 9 through the negative electrode wire 5 and the positive electrode wire 7.
- oxygen is generated in the anode chamber of the water electrolysis cell 1 and hydrogen is generated in the cathode chamber.
- the oxygen generated in the above-mentioned anode chamber is supplied to a high-pressure vessel (pure for electrolysis) for storing pure water for electrolysis via return pipe 4 together with a part of pure water for electrolysis supplied from pure water supply pipe 3. It is sent to a water tank or a high-pressure vessel for storing oxygen.) 31 and stored in an oxygen storage section 31 a having a small bottom area provided at the upper part of the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis.
- hydrogen generated in the cathode chamber of the water electrolysis cell 1 may be discharged into the high-pressure vessel 10 as it is and stored in the high-pressure vessel 10.
- the water electrolysis cell 1 housed in the high-pressure vessel 10 is heated by the heat, and finally the PEM is heated by the heat. May be damaged.
- the temperature of hydrogen flowing into and out of the heat exchanger 25b is measured by thermometers 28a and 29b, respectively, to control the temperature and amount of cold water sent to the heat exchanger 25b. Is controlled by When the hydrogen released from the hydrogen discharge pipe 2 is cooled by the heat exchanger 25b, the temperature becomes lower and heavier than the hydrogen in the high-pressure vessel 10 so that the hydrogen is discharged to the bottom in the high-pressure vessel 10. Although it accumulates, it is pushed up because hydrogen flows in from the hydrogen discharge pipe 2, and when it comes into contact with the water electrolysis cell 1 and the temperature rises, it rises lightly and rises. Since water exits from 10 with heat, water electrolysis cell 1 can be cooled efficiently.
- the water electrolysis cell 1 can be cooled to some extent by pure water because pure water cooled by the heat exchanger 25a is supplied to the anode side, but the water electrolysis cell of a known PEM water electrolysis device is Since the cooling capacity alone is not sufficient as compared with being immersed in pure water, in the configuration in which the water electrolysis cell 1 is housed in the high-pressure hydrogen container 10 as in the present invention, the water electrolysis cell 1 It is desirable to cool the hydrogen generated in step 1 and then return it to the high-pressure vessel 10 containing the water electrolysis cell 1.
- the temperature of the hydrogen does not disperse elsewhere, so that the cooling can be efficiently performed.
- the wall thickness of the pipe is sufficiently thinner than that of the high-pressure vessel 10, and heat conduction is impaired. So it can be cooled more efficiently.
- high-pressure hydrogen can be generated without placing the water electrolysis cell 1 in a noisy environment where water and oxygen coexist and electrolytic corrosion occurs.
- the cooled hydrogen can be released from the hydrogen discharge pipe 2 through the heat exchanger 25b without using a pump.
- the pressure of hydrogen in the high-pressure vessel 10 increases, the thermal conductivity of hydrogen increases, and the ability to cool the water electrolysis cell 1 improves.
- high-pressure hydrogen can be stably and efficiently produced in the present invention.
- the hydrogen cooled in the heat exchanger 25 b is returned to the bottom of the high-pressure vessel 10, so that the hydrogen heated in the water electrolysis cell 1 rises and rises in the upper part of the high-pressure vessel 10. , And is taken out together with the heat taken from the water electrolysis cell 1 through the valve 15 and the dollar valve 16, so that the cooling efficiency is high and the compressed hydrogen production device is accordingly more efficient.
- the hydrogen produced in the water electrolysis cell 1 is released from the hydrogen discharge pipe 2 into the high-pressure vessel 10, and is stored and stored in the high-pressure vessel 10.
- the pressures of oxygen and hydrogen are measured by pressure gauges 39a and 39b installed in the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis and the high-pressure vessel 10, respectively, and the measured values are separately provided by a control device (Fig.
- a control device Fig.
- the valve 36 is automatically opened by a control signal of the control device, and oxygen is withdrawn through the needle valve 38 and released or recovered to the atmosphere. If the pressure of oxygen and the pressure of hydrogen become equal, the control device operates to close valve 36, and the opening of needle valve 38
- the controller automatically controls in proportion to the magnitude of the hydrogen differential pressure.
- the main object of the present invention is to prepare high-pressure hydrogen as hydrogen energy
- oxygen stored in the oxygen storage section 31a is reduced to the volume of the high-pressure vessel 10. It is preferable to control the water surface 33 a so that it is 4% or less, and excess oxygen is extracted from the dollar valve 38, and the oxygen pressure and the hydrogen pressure are always equalized. At least the pressure difference within the pressure resistance of the water electrolysis cell, usually within 2 atmospheres, is controlled to adjust the oxygen pressure slightly higher than the hydrogen pressure.
- the controller automatically stops the power supply from the power supply 9 to the water electrolysis cell 1, so that the electrolysis stops and the pressure is reduced.
- the high-pressure hydrogen and oxygen in the high-pressure vessel 10 and the oxygen storage section 31a prepared in this manner have their pressures constantly equalized, or the oxygen pressure slightly increased, and Since the pressure is controlled at least within the pressure resistance of the water electrolysis cell 1, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the water electrolysis cell 1 and the diaphragm separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber in the water electrolysis cell 1 ( In this case, the pressure acting on the PEM on which the platinum-based electrode is formed) is controlled within their withstand pressure, so that the diaphragm is not damaged and hydrogen and oxygen do not leak. .
- the diaphragm may be damaged for some reason, or the seal of the water electrolysis cell 1 Even if the water is damaged, the pure water supply pipe 3 and the return pipe 4 connected to the water electrolysis cell 1 are both connected to the bottom of the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis.
- the pressure of oxygen in the high-pressure vessel 10 to be higher than the pressure of hydrogen in the high-pressure vessel 10
- the pressure increases. It is extremely safe, with no further pure water inflow and no mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.
- the volume of hydrogen in the oxygen storage unit 31 a is set to 4% or less of the volume of the high-pressure vessel 10, the oxygen in the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis can be considered regardless of any conceivable damage. It is not normally conceivable that hydrogen in the high-pressure vessel 10 mixes with the hydrogen in the high-pressure vessel 10, but if such a situation occurs, oxygen in the oxygen storage section 31a and hydrogen in the high-pressure vessel 10 mix. Even if combined, the explosion limit of hydrogen will not exceed the lower limit of 4%, and no gas explosion will occur.
- the control device is operated to open the valve 15 attached to the high-pressure vessel 10, and the opening of the dollar valve 16 is adjusted so that hydrogen is gradually discharged. You.
- the pressure drop in the high-pressure vessel 10 is immediately detected by the pressure gauge 39b, and electricity is supplied from the power supply 9. to the water electrolysis cell 1 via the control device.
- the same amount of hydrogen as the hydrogen extracted from 15 and the needle valve 16 is generated, and the hydrogen pressure drop recovers.
- the opening of the needle valve 16 is gradually increased, the amount of hydrogen flowing out through the valve 15 and the needle valve 16 increases, and the pressure decreases.
- the amount of current that is detected by the pressure gauge 39a and is supplied from the power supply 9 to the water electrolysis cell 1 is increased by the operation of the control device, and the amount of generated hydrogen increases, so that the pressure returns to the original value.
- the amount of generated hydrogen does not increase any more, and the opening of the needle valve 16 does not open any more, so that more hydrogen than the maximum amount that can be generated from the water electrolysis cell 1 is not supplied.
- the pressure in the high-pressure vessel 10 maintains a predetermined pressure, and an abnormal situation occurs. If it is necessary to urgently reduce the pressure in the high-pressure vessel 10, open the valves 14 and 37 to open the hydrogen in the high-pressure vessel 10 and the oxygen in the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis. Emergency release of oxygen from storage unit 3 1a.
- the control device automatically operates to open the valve 36, withdraw oxygen through the dollar valve 38, and remove hydrogen from the high-pressure vessel 10
- the pressure and the oxygen pressure of the oxygen storage section 31a in the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis are controlled so as to be equalized, or at least within the pressure resistance of the water electrolysis cell 1, and furthermore, to slightly increase the oxygen pressure.
- All of the controls are controlled by a computer at high speed, which is sufficiently fast compared to the fluctuation speed of natural energy and can follow.
- the amount of this water is constantly monitored by the water level gauge 12.When a certain amount of water accumulates, the control device operates, the valve 17 is opened, and the water is discharged to the receiving tank 20 via the needle valve 18 When the water level drops to a predetermined position, the valve 17 is closed and drainage stops.
- the supply of pure water to the water electrolysis cell 1 is not particularly limited. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the supply is performed by a water pump 32 disposed in the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis.
- the water supply pump 32 is configured by integrating an induction motor and a propeller type water supply pump, and the details will be described later with reference to the drawings.
- the pure water sent out from the water pump 32 is cooled by the heat exchanger 25a arranged in the middle of the pure water supply pipe 3, and then sent to the water electrolysis cell 1.
- thermometers 28a and 29a provided in conjunction with the heat exchanger 25 measure the temperature of pure water supplied to the heat exchanger 25a and the temperature of pure water sent out
- the controller controls the amount of chilled water sent from a separately installed cooler (not shown) through the chilled water supply pipe 26a, and the water electrolysis cell 1 is configured to perform water electrolysis at a desired temperature.
- the pure water stored in the pure water tank for electrolysis 31 is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen in the water electrolysis cell 1 and consumed.Therefore, the water level is constantly monitored by the water level meter 33, and the pure water replenishment tank is used. From 44, it is preferably replenished in consideration of the fact that the volume of oxygen in the oxygen storage section 31a is within 4% of the amount of hydrogen in the high-pressure vessel 10.
- the replenishment of the pure water is controlled by a control device.
- the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis described above is connected to a pure water storage tank 48 via a supply pipe 51 a and a return pipe 51 b. First, the valves 40 and 42 provided between the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis and the pure water supply tank 41 are closed.
- valve 41 of the supply pipe 51a and the valve 43 of the return pipe 51b are opened, and the pump 47 is operated to purify pure water and increase the purity of the ion exchange device 46.
- the pump 47 is operated to purify pure water and increase the purity of the ion exchange device 46.
- the valves 41 and 43 are closed, and the pump 47 is stopped.
- Pure water supply tank 4 4 is filled with pure water having a high specific resistance without bubbles.
- the inside of the pure water supply tank 44 is pressurized by the oxygen pressure of the oxygen storage unit 31a of the pure water tank 31 for communication. Since the tank 4 is filled with pure water and has no gaseous components, the volume of the pure water in the pure water replenishment tank 4 4 is reduced by its own weight with little change in volume and negligible pressure fluctuation.
- the high-pressure oxygen in the pure water tank for electrolysis 31 enters the pure water replenishing tank 44 instead.
- the valves 40 and 42 are turned off.
- the valve 43 is closed and the valve 43 is closed, high-pressure oxygen in the pure water storage tank 48 is released from the filter 50 to the atmosphere, and the pure water storage tank 44 becomes atmospheric pressure.
- the pure water supply tank 44 is filled with pure water again. Pure water can be further supplied to the water tank 31.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an example of a pipe in a main part of the manufacturing apparatus in which heat exchange, that is, a cooling effect is enhanced.
- the generated hydrogen is supplied to the high-pressure vessel by a plurality of narrow tubes 2a, 2b,... That branch off the hydrogen discharge tube 2 by the branch tube 60 arranged at the upper part in the high-pressure vessel 10. After being drawn out of the heat exchanger 10 and passing through the heat exchanger 25 b arranged on the way, it is discharged again from the bottom of the high-pressure vessel 10 into the high-pressure vessel 10.
- the heat transfer area can be increased and the pressure resistance of the piping itself can be increased.
- the hydrogen discharge pipe 2 is branched from the high-pressure vessel 10 into the narrow tubes 2a, 2b, and taken out, it is extremely important how to maintain the airtightness. Is a new method for sealing through-holes, which will be described later.
- the holes through which the small tubes 2a, 2b ... penetrate the wall of the high-pressure vessel 10 are formed into tapered holes from inside the high-pressure vessel 10.
- a method of sealing without welding is adopted.
- the temperature of the hydrogen flowing into and out of the heat exchanger 25b is measured by the thermometer 28b attached to the heat exchanger 25b inlet side of each of the thin tubes 2a, 2b, and the heat exchanger 2b. This is achieved by controlling the temperature and amount of cooling water sent to the heat exchanger 25b, which is measured by a thermometer 29b attached to the 5b outlet side.
- cooling water can be used to cool hydrogen in the high-pressure vessel 10 by passing it through a thin tube provided in the high-pressure vessel 10. It is also used to prevent the freezing of the pure water in 11.
- water having a temperature of about 10 to 2 Ot is used as cooling water, and is supplied from a cooling water tank (not shown) by a pump.
- the water electrolysis cell 1 generates water by electrolyzing water. For example, when the water electrolysis cell 1 is stopped and the water electrolysis cell 1 is likely to freeze while the water electrolysis cell 1 is stopped, it can be used to cool the temperature to 80 ° C or lower.
- the pure water in the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis is also cooled by the heat exchanger 25a as described above. It is supplied to the anode side of the water electrolysis cell 1, but in order to control the temperature of the water electrolysis cell 1, the return pipe 4, like the hydrogen discharge pipe 2, is placed in the high-pressure vessel 10 as shown in FIG.
- the water is controlled and supplied to the bottom of the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis and stored.
- the temperature is controlled not only to control the temperature of the water electrolysis cell 1, but also to prevent the freezing of pure water in the water electrolysis cell 1, the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis, and the pipes 4a, 4b It is also done for
- thermometers shown in the figure
- the high-pressure pump 3 2 is operated to generate pure water from the pure water supply pipe 3 and a plurality of narrow pipes 4 a, 4 b.
- the pure water in the water electrolysis cell 1 the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis, and the pipes 4a, 4b ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is prevented from freezing.
- water having a temperature of about 10 to 20 ° C is used as cooling water, and is supplied from a cooling water tank (not shown) by a pump.
- the water electrolysis cell 1 generates water by electrolyzing water. For example, when the water electrolysis cell 1 is stopped and there is a concern that the water electrolysis cell 1 freezes while the water electrolysis cell 1 is stopped, a function to warm up to a temperature of 0 or more can be used. Demonstrate. Further, in the present invention, in order to cool the pure water in the pure water tank for electrolysis 31, a cooling pipe 64 composed of a plurality of thin tubes 64 a, 64 b.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an electric pump for water supply by an induction motor, which is shown as the water supply pump 32 described above, in which 71 is the bottom of a pure water tank 31 for electrolysis, and 7 2 is Pure water outlet, 73 is a blade for water supply, 74 is a rotating shaft, 75 is a laminated iron core composed of multiple layers of silicon steel sheet and a copper cage winding integrated with resin.
- 6 is a drive coil in which a coil is wound around a multilayer iron core and coated with resin, 7 6a and
- 77 b is a lead wire for supplying current to the drive coil
- 77 is a rotation detection coil
- 77 c is a rotation detection magnet
- 77 a and 77 b are rotation detection coil lead wires
- the lead wires 76 a, 76 b, 77 a, and 77 b are coated with resin and electrically insulated, and penetrate the bottom portion 71 electrically insulated. It is taken out of the pure water tank for electrolysis 31 by the current introduction terminal.
- the water pump 32 When water is supplied from a power supply external to the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis to the drive coil 76, the water pump 32 having such a configuration is fixed to the rotor 75, when the rotor 75 starts to rotate. Since the rotating shaft 74 also starts rotating, the blade 73 also rotates at the same time, and the pure water in the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis is supplied to the supply pipe 3 from the pure water outlet 72.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of a current introduction terminal for transmitting a large current to the water electrolysis cell 1 constituting the high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention, in which 90 is a copper conductor,
- 90 a is the internal lead wire
- 91 is a resin insulator
- FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of a current introduction terminal for transmitting a small current to a water pump 32 and a water gauge 33 constituting the high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 110 is the vessel wall of the pure water tank for electrolysis 31
- 11 is an insulator formed by filling in a resin such as a reaction curable epoxy resin
- 112 is an enamel-coated copper wire.
- 120 is the vessel wall of the pure water tank for electrolysis 31, 1 21 and 124 are fixing screws, 1 2 2 is an enamel-coated copper wire, 1 2 3 is a holding plate, 1 2 5 a to 1 2 5 c are gold-plated electrodes from which the enamel coating has been peeled off, 1 2 6 indicates a support, water surface
- a total of 33 is used.
- the electric resistance between the container wall 120 and the electrode 125a when the electrode 125a is immersed in pure water and when it is not immersed It can be determined whether or not the electrode 125a is immersed in pure water, and as a result, it can be determined whether the water surface is above or below the electrode 125a.
- Fig. 7 is different from the water pump 32 placed inside the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis shown in Fig. 2.Example of an external electric water pump placed outside the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis.
- a pair of motors 128 and magnets 12 9 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the rotating blades 127 for water supply, and the pump body and rotating blades 127 and
- the ring plate 130 is made of a non-magnetic material such as stainless steel, and is fixed to a rotating blade 127 and a magnet fixed to the shaft of a motor 128. It is isolated from 129 by a thin partition plate 131 made of a heat-resistant plastic such as polyester-terketone resin (peek).
- the rotating blade 127 when the motor 128 rotates, the rotating blade 127 also rotates, and the rotating blade 127 is connected to the bottom of the pure water tank 31 for electrolysis, and pure water flows in.
- One side of 1 2 8 is connected to the upper part of the pure water tank for electrolysis 31 and oxygen flows in, but since they are in the same pure water tank for electrolysis 31, they are of equal pressure, and Has no differential pressure.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of sealing a through hole formed in the side wall of the high-pressure vessel 10 and the pure water oxygen vessel 31 used in the present invention.
- pure water oxygen container 31 Side wall of container such as 1, X is inside the container, Y is outside the container, 140 is piping, 144 is core, 144 is ring, 144 is fixed
- the screws, 1 4 5, are fixing screw grips.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic explanatory view showing another example of the high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention.
- This high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus is basically the same as that shown in FIG.
- a high-pressure hydrogen vessel 202 arranged so that it can be accommodated in the hydrogen atmosphere in which the water electrolysis cell 201 is generated, pure water to be electrolyzed, an oxygen high-pressure vessel for storing return pure water and generated oxygen.
- Pure water piping 2 16 a, 2 16 b and pure hydrogen in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 which communicate the pure water in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 with the pure water in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 260 It comprises a differential pressure detector 253 for sensing the pressure difference between hydrogen and oxygen in the high-pressure vessel 262 and controlling the pressure difference.
- pure water to be electrolyzed is sent from an oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 to a water electrolysis cell 201 by a pump 207, and is supplied from a power source 261 to water electrolysis.
- the pure water is electrolyzed, and hydrogen and pure water are released from the hydrogen discharge port 203 into the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202.
- the generated oxygen and undecomposed pure water are It is sent to the oxygen high pressure vessel 2 62 through the return pipe 204.
- the pressure in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 and the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 is increased by the generated hydrogen and oxygen, respectively, to a predetermined pressure, for example, 400 atm, but when there is no demand for hydrogen.
- a predetermined pressure for example, 400 atm
- electrolysis is stopped in this state, and when hydrogen is required, the valve 25 7 is opened and the needle valve 25 6 is gradually opened, so that the hydrogen supply port 2 is opened. Hydrogen is supplied from 55.
- the pressure difference between the pressure of the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage section 252 and the pressure of the hydrogen in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 is shown below during electrolysis and during the supply of hydrogen.
- the control signal (not shown) usually controls the opening and closing of the valve 24 4 and the opening of the 21 dollar valve 24 3 based on this measurement signal, and detects the differential pressure.
- the amount of oxygen released from the oxygen outlet 245 is controlled so that the differential pressure signal from the vessel 253 becomes zero. In this way, electrolysis is performed while controlling the pressure in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 and the pressure in the pure water oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 to be equal, and the hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen supply port 255. Is performed.
- the pressure difference between the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 and the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 is adjusted by releasing oxygen and hydrogen, particularly oxygen.
- the allowable pressure that can be expected from the pressure resistance of the water electrolysis cell 201 is about 4 atm. Therefore, as described above, by using the water electrolysis cell 201, for example, hydrogen at 400 atm.
- high-precision pressure control of 1% or more is required.
- the differential pressure exceeds the allowable withstand voltage of the water electrolysis cell 201, that is, in order to avoid the occurrence of a differential pressure exceeding the allowable withstand voltage of the water electrolysis cell 201 due to pressure control disturbance, Pure water piping 2 16 a and 2 16 b for communicating pure water in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 and pure water in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 26 2, and pure water piping 2 16 a and 21 Opening valves 208 and 217 are connected to 6b, respectively, and operate based on the differential pressure.
- the differential pressure may exceed the allowable pressure value of the cell 201.
- the pure water in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 260 is released from the release valve 208 into the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202, thereby reducing the pure water volume in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 260.
- the oxygen volume in the oxygen storage section 25 2 increases, the oxygen pressure in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 26 2 decreases, and the pressure in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 increases, maintaining the differential pressure below the allowable pressure resistance. Be held.
- the hydrogen volume in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 is 20 L
- the oxygen volume in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 26 2 is 0.4 L (2% of hydrogen)
- the generated pressure is 400 atm.
- 4 cc of pure water, 1% of 0.4 L flows out of the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 and flows into the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202, and the oxygen pressure is 1% of 400 atm. Since the pressure decreases by 4 atm and the hydrogen pressure increases by 0.08 atm, a total pressure difference of 4.08 atm can be efficiently eliminated with only 4 c of pure water flowing in and out . It is important to control the water level 25 1 in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 26 2 especially when generating hydrogen at 350 atm or higher.
- the water level gauge 250 described later It is placed in the vessel 2 62 and constantly measures the water level 2 51 .
- the valve 2 3 8 is opened and the pure water in the high-pressure pure water supply tank 2 4 1 is opened.
- the pure water flows into the oxygen high-pressure vessel 26 2 from the high-pressure pure water supply tank 24 1 by using the gravity of the water, and at the same time, the same amount of oxygen is supplied to the valve 2. It flows into the high-pressure pure water supply tank 2 4 1 through 3 9.
- the high-pressure pure water supply tank 2 41 is higher than the oxygen high-pressure vessel 26 2 In position, It is important that the pure water replenishment tank 240, which supplies pure water to the high-pressure pure water supply tank 241, be installed at the same position or at a higher position.
- Pure water supply to the high-pressure pure water supply tank 241 is performed by closing the valves 238 and 239 and opening the valves 236 and 237. That is, the valves 238 and 239 are closed to separate from the oxygen high pressure vessel 262, the valves 236 and 237 are opened, and the pure water in the pure water supply tank 240 is This is performed through the ion exchange resin cylinder 233 and the filter 2324 by the pump 2332.
- the specific resistance of pure water is measured by a specific resistance meter 235, and if the specific resistance is low, the catalyst electrode of the water electrolysis cell 201 is poisoned, and the life of the water electrolysis cell 201 is reduced. Since the water is contracted, pure water is circulated, and the ion-exchange treatment is performed by passing the ion-exchange resin tube 233 several times until the specific resistance value becomes higher than a predetermined value. If the pure water supply tank 240 is installed above the high-pressure pure water supply tank 241, the high-pressure pure water supply tank 241 is filled with pure water and air bubbles can also be removed. The pressure fluctuations when closing the valves 36 and 23 and opening the valves 23 and 23 are almost negligible because of the change in pure water volume.
- the end of the pure water circulation by the pump 232 is determined by the pure water resistivity measured by the resistivity meter 235.
- the pure water in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 2 62 is sent to the water electrolysis cell 201 and If the water quality deteriorates, for example, when stored for a long time and the specific resistance of pure water is, for example, 6 ⁇ / cm 2 or less, the catalyst electrode of the water electrolysis cell 201 becomes poisoned, Since the life of 201 may be shortened, it is desirable to replace a part of the pure water with fresh pure water at any time in order to prevent a decrease in the quality of pure water in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262.
- the volume of the pure water discharge tank 2 19 is preferably set to about 1% of the oxygen storage unit 25 2, and the frequency of pure water exchange is Although it depends on the amount of pure water used, about 10 times per day (about 10%) is not a problem.
- pure water penetrating from the anode to the cathode of the water electrolysis cell 201 is discharged from the hydrogen discharge port 203 together with the generated hydrogen, and the bottom of the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 Accumulate in
- the storage amount of this pure water should preferably be at least about twice the volume of the oxygen storage part 255 of the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262, and the amount should be controlled by the water level meter 210.
- the valve 211 is opened to flow into the pure water receiving tank 212.
- the volume of the pure water receiving tank 2 1 2 becomes less than the allowable withstand pressure determined by opening the valve 2 1 1 and pouring pure water into the pure water receiving tank 2 1 2, determined by the pressure resistance of the water electrolysis cell 201. It is determined as follows.
- the maximum generation pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 is 400 atm
- the volume of stored hydrogen is 20 liters
- the allowable pressure of the water electrolysis cell 201 is 4 atm
- the pure water receiving tank If the volume of 2 12 is reduced to 0.2 liters (1%) or less, the hydrogen pressure fluctuation in the operation of opening the valve 2 1 1 and allowing pure water to flow into the pure water receiving tank 2 12 will be 40 0 at the maximum.
- 0 X 1% 4 atm.
- reference numeral 205 denotes a heat exchanger for cooling the heat generated by the electrolysis of water
- reference numeral 206 denotes a heat exchanger for bringing pure water supplied to the water electrolysis cell 201 to a desired temperature.
- ⁇ exchanger 2 13 is an electric resistance type water gauge
- 2 15 is a pure water discharge pipe
- 220 is an electric water gauge
- 2 2 4 is a float type water gauge
- 2 2 5 is water Supply port
- 2 2 7 is a pump
- 228 is an ion exchange tube
- 229 is a filter
- 230 is a pure water specific resistance meter for measuring pure water specific resistance
- 231 is a float type water level gauge
- 246 is an oxygen emergency Outlet, 2 4
- FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the differential pressure detector used in the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10, the differential pressure detector 253 is a hydrogen high pressure vessel 202 or oxygen.
- both ends are sealed with bellows 300 and 307 expanding and contracting in the axial direction, and a cylinder 301 of a non-magnetic material filled with a non-active fluid inside,
- An inner magnetic body 304 provided in close contact with the inner surface of the cylinder 301 and slidable in the axial direction; and an inner magnetic body 304 in close contact with the outer surface of the cylinder 301 and
- An apparatus main body 300 composed of an external magnetic body 300 arranged slidably in the axial direction, and the bellows 300,
- It comprises a detector 320 that detects a differential pressure in conjunction with an external magnetic body 305 that slides due to expansion and contraction of the 307.
- the detector 320 has a light-shielding plate 319 that moves in conjunction with the external magnetic body 300, and a display plate having openings 3117 and 318 that are shielded by the light-shielding plate 319.
- a photoelectric meter (not shown) that converts the amount of light transmitted through 3 16 and the openings 3 17 and 3 18 into electrical signals It is composed of
- the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen vessel 202 is sent to the hydrogen pressure chamber 3 10 by the hydrogen pipe 3 1 2, and the oxygen pressure is increased by the oxygen pipe 3 13.
- the oxygen in the vessel 262 is sent to the oxygen pressure chamber 311, their pressure is transmitted to Bellows 306 and 307, respectively.
- the bellows 303 and 307 and the cylinder 301 are filled with fluid such as machine oil, the volume hardly changes even if pressure is applied. Even if 7 receives pressure from high-pressure hydrogen and oxygen sent by the hydrogen pipe 312 and the oxygen pipe 313, it is not crushed by the pressure.
- the differential pressure causes the spring 3 14 to expand and the spring 3 15 to contract
- the inner magnetic material 300 is pushed by the fixed rods 302 and 303 toward the oxygen pressure chamber 31 until the differential pressure and the force due to the expansion and contraction of the springs 31 and 31 are balanced.
- the inner magnetic body 304 and the outer magnetic body 305 exert a magnetic force on each other and are magnetically coupled
- the outer magnetic body 305 moves as the inner magnetic body 304 moves.
- the light-shielding plate 3 19 fixed to the external magnetic body 3 05 moves to cover a part of the oxygen side opening 3 18, and the amount of light transmitted through the opening 3 17 does not change, but the opening The amount of light transmitted through section 3 18 decreases.
- the pressure of hydrogen sent in the hydrogen pipe 3 1 2 is sent from the oxygen pipe 3 13
- the pressure is lower than the oxygen pressure
- a part of the hydrogen-side opening 317 is covered with the light-shielding plate 319, and the amount of light transmitted through the opening 317 decreases.
- the pressure difference between the pressure of hydrogen sent through the hydrogen pipe 3 12 and the pressure of oxygen sent from the oxygen pipe 3 13 is determined. Since it is possible to know the size and which is higher and which is lower, for example, by controlling the opening and closing of the valve 244 and the needle valve 243 in FIG. 9 and controlling the amount of released oxygen, the opening 3 It is possible to make no difference in the amount of light transmitted through 3 18 and make the differential pressure 0.
- the method of measuring the position of the internal magnetic body 304 by measuring the amount of light has been described, but the measurement can also be performed using a slide resistance.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view (a) and a side view (b) showing the structure of the open valves 208 and 217 used in this apparatus. As shown in FIG.
- a cylindrical valve body 3 330 is provided with a discharge port 3 32 for discharging pure water, and a cylinder 3 31 and a spring interlocked with the cylinder 3 3 3 3 is provided, and the spring 3 3 3 is fixed with a screw 3 3 5 and a fixing nut 3 3 6 so that the biasing force thereof can be adjusted, and the inside of the hydrogen high pressure vessel 20 or the oxygen high pressure vessel 2 6 It has a connection pipe 338 to the pure water pipe 216a or 216b for moving the pure water in 2, and a vent 3337.
- the release valves 2 08 and 2 17 are connected to the connection pipe 3 3 8 by loosening the fixed unit 3 3 6 and rotating the screw head 3 3 4 to adjust the pressing strength of the spring 3 3 3.
- the cylinder 3 3 1 which is pushed up by the pressure of pure water transmitted by, is located above the discharge port 3 3 2, and the pressure at which the pure water of the connection pipe 3 3 8 is discharged from the discharge port 3 3 2 is desired. It is possible to set the pressure (allowable pressure determined by the pressure resistance of the cell), and it is also possible to tighten the fixing nut 336 to keep the setting unchanged.
- a main electrode 350 including a center electrode 350a, an outer electrode 350b arranged concentrically outside the center electrode 350a, and an electrically insulating cylinder other than the tip. It consists of a rod-shaped central electrode 35 1 a covered with a sub-electrode 35 1 consisting of an external electrode 35 1 b arranged concentrically outside this central electrode 35 1 a. .
- 352 is the surface of pure water
- 353a and 353b are ventilation holes
- 3554a and 3554b are the external electrodes 3550b and 3551b.
- 355a and 355b are the mounting parts of the center electrodes 355a and 355b
- 355a and 356b are insulators
- 355a and 357b are Fixing jigs for mounting the external electrodes 350 b and 35 51 b
- flanges for mounting 35 58 a and 3559 b fixing jigs 35 57 a and 35 7 b
- Nuts for fixing the screws 360 a and 360 b are insulating plates
- 36 a and 36 lbs are washers
- 36 a and 36 b are lead wires
- 365 a and 3 6 3 b is a washer
- 3 6 4 a and 3 6 4 b are nuts for fixing the center electrodes 3 5 0 a, 3 5 0 b, 365 a to 365 b are o-rings.
- the center electrode 350 a and the external electrode 350 b are immersed in pure water, the center electrode 350 a and the external electrode 350 are immersed. Yes
- the resistance of pure water can be measured by connecting an electric resistance meter between the lead wire 362a and the ground, so this resistance is Rm.
- Lr The length of the tip not covered by the insulating cylinder 365 is defined as Lr, and the center electrode 350a and the external electrode 350b are immersed in pure water. Assuming that the length is L x, L x can be obtained by the following equation (1).
- the electric resistance between the lead wire 364a and the ground is such that the center electrode 350a and the external electrode 350b are immersed. It is determined only by the electrical resistance of pure water, and the effect of electrical resistance of oxygen or hydrogen is negligible.
- the structure, including the center electrode 350a and the external electrode 350b is all excellent in pressure resistance, materials with high pressure resistance can be used. It is not subject to the pressure limitations of G-type water gauges.
- FIG. 13 is another example of the high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus according to the present invention.
- the water electrolysis cell 201 is contained in a hydrogen atmosphere generated in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202.
- a high pressure vessel 26 2 for storing the pure water to be electrolyzed and the electrolyzed raw water and returned pure water and generated oxygen is similarly provided, but instead of the differential pressure detector 25 3
- a pressure regulator 270 is provided, and the opening valves 208 and 217 are excluded.
- the pressure regulator 270 moves the pure water between the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 and the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 from the higher pressure to the lower pressure by the pressure difference between the two. It has a function to eliminate the differential pressure.
- the pressure in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 becomes higher than the pressure in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202
- the pure water in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 flows into the pressure regulator 270, and Since the amount of pure water is pushed back from the pressure regulator 270 into the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202, the pressure in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 decreases the amount of pure water and increases the volume of the oxygen storage section 252. Therefore, the pressure decreases, and the pressure inside the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 increases, so that the pressure rises and the differential pressure is eliminated.
- the pressure regulator 270 detects the amount of pure water movement, and controls the opening and closing of the valve 244 and the needle valve 243 with a control device (not shown), so that the hydrogen Move to the side Pure water returned to the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262, and also has the function of adjusting the amount of oxygen released from the oxygen discharge port 245 to equalize the pressure so that such movement does not occur. It is.
- the amount of hydrogen generated from the water electrolysis cell 201 is controlled by controlling the amount of current supplied from the power supply 261 to the water electrolysis cell 201 so that the pressure measured by the pressure gauge 254 becomes a predetermined pressure.
- the method of supplying pure water to the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 and draining the water and the drainage from the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 are the same as those in the apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 14 (a) is a partial cross-sectional view of a specific pressure regulator 270 used in the above apparatus, and FIG. 14 (b) is a sectional view taken along the line A—A ′ in FIG. 14 (a).
- the pressure regulator 270 is a hollow cylinder made of a non-magnetic material, and an internal slide made of a magnetic material that slides in close contact with the inner surface of the hollow cylinder.
- Position of the device main body 3900 consisting of a slider 371, an external slider 372 made of a magnetic material, which slides in close contact with the outer surface of the hollow cylinder 3700, and a position of the external slider 372 A hollow cylinder 370 divided by the internal slider 371 into one of the hollow cylinders 370, the pure water in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202. 384 is introduced, and pure water 385 in the oxygen high pressure vessel 262 is introduced to the other side.
- Pure water 3 84 from the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 and pure water 3 85 from the oxygen high-pressure vessel 260 are isolated and separated by the internal slider 371, so pure water 38 4 and pure water 385 do not mix, and when the pressure in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 and the pressure in the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 are equal and there is no differential pressure between them,
- the inner slider 37 1 is set to be located at the center of the hollow cylinder 37 0.
- the inner slider 37 1 moves to a position shifted from the center toward the spring 383 which is a buffer mechanism, and the inner slider 3 71 and the outer slider 3 72 are magnetically coupled. Therefore, the outer slider 3 7 2 also moves to the same position, and the light shielding plate 3 7 7 fixed to the outer slider 3 7 2 with the fixing rod 3 81 also moves in the same manner to open the opening 3 80 Partly, the amount of light passing through the opening 380 decreases.
- the opening of the needle valve 243 is controlled by a control device (not shown) so that the inner slider 371 is returned to the original center position.
- the position detector 400 for light quantity comparison of the pressure adjuster 270 has the same configuration and function as the detector 320 of the differential pressure detector 253. In this way, by controlling the opening of the needle valve 243 so that the inner slider 371 is always at the center position, the amount of oxygen released from the oxygen outlet 245 can be adjusted. Thus, high-pressure hydrogen can be generated without applying a pressure difference to the water electrolysis cell 201.
- the differential pressure cannot be adjusted by moving the internal slider 371, but by providing the bypass flow path 374, if the differential pressure is further increased, the spring 383 will shrink and the hydrogen pressure will increase.
- the pure water in the container 202 flows directly into the oxygen high-pressure container 262 via the bypass channel 374, and the differential pressure does not increase beyond a certain level. If the pure water in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 directly flows into the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 via the bypass flow path 374, some sort of abnormality occurs and the control device (Fig. This indicates an abnormal situation that could not be controlled by just controlling the opening of the needle valve 2 4 3 by using an unillustrated valve.
- the oxygen high-pressure vessel 262 and the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 202 in order to safely shut down the apparatus, must be filled with nitrogen so that the inside of the vessel is replaced with nitrogen gas. Piping is provided. Also, the inner slider 3 71 pushes the spring 3 8 3 so that the differential pressure at which pure water flows into the bypass channel 3 7 3 or 3 7 4 is within the allowable pressure limit of the water electrolysis cell 201. The strength of the springs 38 2 and 38 3 can be set at the same time, and even in such an emergency stop, the water electrolysis cell 201 can be prevented from being damaged by receiving a pressure higher than the pressure resistance. Means.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 are partial cross-sectional views of another pressure regulator 270.
- the pressure regulator 270 shown in these figures is the same as the pressure regulator 270 shown in FIG. Instead of the passage 3 7 3 or 3 7 4, a pure water pipe 4 13 with a shut-off valve 4 2 0 in parallel with the pressure regulator 2 70 and a switch 4 1 1, 4 1 and 2 are provided.
- FIG. 17 is a sectional view showing an example of a structure and an attached state of a water electrolysis cell used in the high-pressure hydrogen production apparatus 501 of the present invention.
- the water electrolysis cell 503 is housed in a hydrogen storage high-pressure vessel 502, and is a bipolar and stacked water electrolysis cell 503. It is located. As is clear from FIG. 17, this water electrolysis cell 503 has a catalyst layer made of platinum on both surfaces between a disk-shaped cathode main electrode 504 and an anode main electrode 505. A plurality of ring-shaped bipolar electrodes 507, 507 consisting of a ring-shaped solid polymer electrolyte membrane 506 and a porous feeder 5111 are opposed in the vertical direction. It is configured by laminating the porous power supply 511 with the separation wall 516 interposed between them, and is mounted on the mounting table 517 provided in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 502. , Anode main electrode 5 05 is pressed downward by a holding jig 5 23 having a pressing force by a panel body 5 19.
- the holding jig 5 23 includes a cylindrical jig main body 5 18 fixed to the upper part of the water electrolysis cell 5 03, and a spring body 5 mounted in the jig main body 5 18. 19, and a presser screw 520 having one end held in the high-pressure vessel 502 for urging the spring body 519.
- FIG. 17 for convenience, although only one is displayed, in reality, a plurality of the cells are arranged symmetrically, the water electrolysis cell 503 is pressed uniformly, and the water electrolysis cell 503 is pressed and tightened. In addition to the pressing force by the panel body 519, it can also be performed by hydraulic pressure or the like.
- a water electrolysis cell 503 formed by laminating a plurality of bipolar electrodes 507 has through-holes 50 on the outer peripheral portion of each bipolar electrode 507 so as to communicate with each other in the vertical direction.
- a discharge path A for oxygen and the like is formed by forming 9, 509 and a discharge port 51 for the oxygen and the like on the anode side of each bipolar electrode 507 facing the discharge path A for oxygen and the like. 2 and the generated oxygen and pure water that has not been electrolyzed are discharged out of the high-pressure vessel 502 through the outlet 5 12 ⁇ oxygen and other discharge channels ⁇ oxygen discharge pipe 5 42 to the cathode side.
- a pure water supply path B for supplying pure water for use is formed, and a pure water supply pipe 547 for supplying pure water from outside the high-pressure vessel 502 is connected to the pure water supply path B. Pure water is supplied to the porous power supply body 511 via a pure water supply port 508a formed on the anode side in contact with the water supply path B.
- the upper part of the water electrolysis cell 503 has a resource for supplying electric power from outside.
- Do lines 5 3 2 are joined.
- the pressing force of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 506 is adjusted so that the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 506 is not crushed when pressed with the holding jig 523, but the adjustment is allowable. Since the area to be sealed is narrow and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 506 may be crushed, a ring-shaped sheet-shaped sealing material 524 is arranged outside the outer periphery of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 506. However, even if an excessive pressing force is applied, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 506 is prevented from being crushed, so that good sealing characteristics can be obtained.
- the sealing material 524 is thinner and harder than the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 506, and is made of a material such as plastic having electrically good insulating properties, and is formed in a ring shape. Whether or not the thickness relationship between the polymer electrolyte membrane 506 and the seal material 524 is appropriate for obtaining the sealing property is determined by the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 5 with the bipolar electrode 507. It can be confirmed by sandwiching the sealing material 5 24 with the sealing material 5 at a predetermined pressure and measuring the electrical resistance at that time. If it is determined that the measurement is inappropriate, change the combination of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 506 and the sealing material 524 or prepare a sealing material 524 with a different thickness. Then, by selecting and using those having an appropriate thickness, a combination having a good electric resistance value can be selected.
- the sealing material is provided in a ring shape around the through hole 508 forming the pure water supply path B, thereby improving the sealing performance with the pure water supply path B.
- the number of stacked bipolar electrodes 507 is reduced. It is desirable to use a limited number of water electrolysis cells and arrange them in multiple stages.
- the cathode main electrode 504 is in communication with the hydrogen high-pressure vessel 502 by contact with the mounting table 5 17, and the anode main electrode 505 can be insulated from the high-pressure vessel 502.
- the cathode main electrode 504 When the high-pressure vessel 502 is connected to ground (not shown), the cathode main electrode 504 is at the ground potential, the anode main electrode 505 is insulated from the ground potential, and the current introduction terminal 52 When a power supply is connected between 7 and ground, power is supplied to the water electrolysis cell 503.
- power required for water electrolysis is supplied from the current introduction terminal 5 2 7 to the anode main electrode 5 05 via the lead wire 5 32 and pure water is supplied from the pure water supply pipe 5 4 7, pure water is supplied. Pure water was supplied to the porous feeder 5 11 1 from each pure water supply port 5 08 a provided on the anode in contact with the supply path B, and oxygen generated by the electrolysis of pure water was not electrolyzed. Pure water collects in an oxygen discharge passage A composed of a plurality of through holes 509, 509, via outlets 512, and flows through an oxygen discharge pipe 542 to an oxygen storage high pressure (not shown) Returned to container (not shown).
- FIG. 18 is an exploded perspective view of the water electrolysis cell 503 shown in FIG. 17, in which the water electrolysis cell 503 is connected between the cathode main electrode 504 and the anode main electrode 505.
- a ring-shaped solid polymer electrolyte membrane 506 and a plurality of ring-shaped seal members 524 provided on the outer peripheral portion thereof have a ring-shaped
- a plurality of bipolar electrodes 507 are stacked in the vertical direction, and the generated oxygen and pure water that has not been electrolyzed are placed on the anode side of each member outside the high-pressure vessel 502.
- a discharge hole 512 for discharging hydrogen to the cathode and a discharge hole 5110 for discharging the generated hydrogen and permeated pure water directly into the high-pressure vessel 502 are formed on the cathode side. Have been.
- a through-hole 508 forming a pure water supply path B for supplying pure water for electrolysis is provided at the center of each member, A pure water supply port 508a for supplying pure water to the anode is formed in the inside of 507, and an anode main electrode 505 is provided for sealing the end of the pure water supply path B.
- a sealing portion 505a, a hole and a pure water supply port 508a connected to the hole, and a discharge port 512 for oxygen and the like are provided.
- each bipolar electrode 507 there is an outlet 51 1 for hydrogen and the like communicating with the cathode for discharging hydrogen generated at the cathode and permeated pure water into the high-pressure vessel 502. 0 is provided. Therefore, as is clear from FIG. 18, the pure water supplied from the pure water supply path B formed in the center of the cathode main electrode 504 is supplied through the pure water supply port 508 a through the anode.
- Oxygen and undecomposed pure water generated at the anode and distributed to the power feeder 5 11 flow into the oxygen discharge channel A from the outlet 5 12 for oxygen and the like, and pass through the oxygen discharge pipe 5 42
- the hydrogen and permeated pure water generated at the cathode and taken out of the high-pressure vessel 502 are discharged directly into the high-pressure vessel 502 from a discharge port 510 for hydrogen and the like.
- the porous power feeder 511 is made of a titanium mesh or the like, and has a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 50 having an end face fixed to the inner wall surface of the bipolar electrode 507 by welding and a platinum catalyst formed on both sides.
- the surface in contact with 6 is polished and smoothed, and the surface is coated with a carbon film formed by ECR plasma deposition.
- each of the members constituting the water electrolysis cell 503 is provided with a positioning groove 522 along the axial direction on the outer peripheral portion to facilitate assembly.
- Fig. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing the flow of pure water supplied to the anode.In the figure, the arrow indicates the pure water flow, and the pure water flows from the pure water supply channel B provided at the center.
- the water is supplied to the water supply port 508a, and has a spread of 360 °, flows toward the inner peripheral wall of the bipolar electrode 507, and is formed in a tapered shape.
- the gas flows into the oxygen discharge passage A formed by the through hole 509 through the discharge port 512.
- high-pressure hydrogen required for hydrogen used as energy can be prepared efficiently, safely, and without using a gas compressor. It can also be prepared using power generated by natural energy, which fluctuates rapidly, preventing global warming due to carbon dioxide, eliminating the effects of nitrogen oxides and thiooxides on humans, and damaging forests and the like due to acid rain. It has excellent effects on environmental conservation, such as prevention.
- the obtained high-pressure hydrogen can be easily stored, and can be returned to electric power again by a fuel cell as needed, which is convenient and efficient, and the electric power obtained from natural energy is used.
- the electrolysis of pure water produces excellent effects such as efficient conversion to hydrogen, which is clean and convenient for storage and carrying.
- the gas compressor is not used without worrying about the pressure resistance of the PEM itself and the pressure resistance of the seal part of the water electrolysis cell, decomposition and maintenance and hydrogen contamination due to the use of the gas compressor are reduced.
- it is possible to prevent a decrease in output and a shortened life due to poisoning of the electrode due to impurities of hydrogen, and to reduce the size of the container due to the high pressure. It is effective for the construction of hydrogen stations because it can solve the problems of loading on fuel of a fuel cell vehicle, narrowing the riding space and shortening the mileage.
- the water electrolysis cell is configured to be housed in a high-pressure vessel in a hydrogen atmosphere, leakage due to metal corrosion of the electrodes of the water electrolysis cell and a decrease in specific resistance based on the solubility of pure water. There is no danger of electric current and no pollution caused by the electrically insulating liquid.Since hydrogen and oxygen are separated and stored, there is little risk of detonation, and the volume of oxygen is less than 4% of the volume of hydrogen.
- High-pressure hydrogen can be safely prepared by the simple means of According to the present invention, the generated hydrogen, oxygen, and pure water are cooled using a plurality of narrow tubes branched in a high-pressure vessel, so that the heat transfer area for heat exchange is increased, and the tubes are cooled.
- the heat generated by the electrolysis can be cooled more efficiently with the branched pipes, and the water electrolysis cell can always be operated at the optimum temperature.
- High pressure hydrogen can be prepared more easily and efficiently.
- water electrolysis when water electrolysis is stopped, especially when water is electrolyzed to generate hydrogen by photovoltaic power generation, which is considered to be one of the clean energy sources in the future, the water at nighttime in winter is required. Prevention of freezing when electrolysis is stopped can be performed effectively by keeping the temperature of pure water in the system below ° C by using the same piping.
- a tapered through-hole is formed from the inside of the high-pressure vessel, and the through-hole has a wedge shape.
- the heat transfer effect can be enhanced by using the cooling pipe as a thin pipe, and such a thin pipe can be easily processed into a seamless spiral or the like, and even if the pipe length is increased. It can be housed in a heat exchanger compactly, and has excellent heat exchange characteristics, such as no risk of leakage.
- the differential pressure between hydrogen and oxygen is prevented from exceeding a predetermined value (pressure tolerance pressure of the water electrolysis cell).
- a predetermined value pressure tolerance pressure of the water electrolysis cell.
- the pressure inside the container is easily adjusted, and without the use of a compressor, the production of high-pressure hydrogen of 350 atm or more, which is necessary for the energy use of hydrogen, is achieved by electrolysis of water alone. Make it easier.
- the pure water used for pressure adjustment is such that part of the pure water supplied to the cathode side where oxygen is generated permeates the cathode side where hydrogen is generated in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel.
- Pure water is supplied naturally without specially supplying pure water, and it is possible to effectively use what has been treated as unnecessary ones in the past. It does not require any operation, and is an effective differential pressure control means that can perform differential pressure control efficiently with a small amount of pure water discharge.
- the higher the pressure of generated hydrogen and oxygen the lower the differential pressure with a smaller amount of pure water. It can be applied to the production of high-pressure hydrogen, which is required by the use of hydrogen energy, and the optimal effect can be expected.
- the amount of pure water in the hydrogen high-pressure container is made larger than the volume of the portion of the oxygen high-pressure container where oxygen is stored, and the amount of pure water in the oxygen high-pressure container is increased by the amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen high-pressure container.
- the oxygen storage amount can be set to 4% or less of the hydrogen storage amount, and even if mixed, the oxygen storage amount can be set to the explosion lower limit or less.
- the amount of pure water in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel is made larger than the volume of the oxygen-containing vessel in the oxygen high-pressure vessel. Also, if the amount of pure water in the oxygen high-pressure vessel is made larger than the volume of the portion of the hydrogen high-pressure vessel where hydrogen is stored, oxygen on the oxygen high-pressure vessel leaks due to equipment failure or any inconvenience.
- the hydrogen in the high-pressure vessel must be completely leaked and replaced with pure water before the high-pressure hydrogen Hydrogen in container is pure water oxygen container
- all of the hydrogen in the hydrogen high-pressure vessel does not flow into the oxygen high-pressure vessel.
- the oxygen in the high-pressure oxygen container does not flow into the high-pressure hydrogen container unless the water is replaced with pure water in the inside, so that an accident in which detonation air is generated can be avoided.
- the present invention instead of the conventional float-type water level gauge, by utilizing the fact that the electrical conductivity characteristics of a gas such as oxygen and pure water are greatly different, and using a water level gauge that detects the water level, high pressure Even when the density difference between oxygen and pure water is small, the water surface can be detected stably and with high accuracy, and the float is crushed by high-pressure hydrogen or oxygen. The limit of the generated pressure due to the operation is eliminated.
- a solid polyelectrolyte membrane having a catalyst layer formed on both surfaces thereof and a plurality of bipolar electrodes comprising a porous feeder in contact with both surfaces thereof are laminated to form a bipolar bipolar water electrolysis cell.
- the lower part of this water electrolysis cell is provided on a mounting table provided in a high-pressure vessel, and the upper part is held in a pressed state by a holding jig arranged in the high-pressure vessel to reduce the cell diameter.
- the diameter of the high-pressure vessel itself can be made smaller, and in particular, in a high-pressure vessel where the wall thickness must be increased in proportion to the square of the diameter of the vessel itself, the tightening port as in the present invention is used.
- the cell diameter can be reduced to 1 / 1.5 to 1/2 by eliminating the need for a high pressure vessel, and the diameter of the high-pressure vessel can be reduced accordingly, resulting in a wall thickness of 1 Z 2 to 1 It has excellent effects such as making it thinner to Z4. It is.
- the use of the pressing member having a pressing force facilitates uniform tightening of the hydroelectrolyte cell, and as a result, the cell withstand pressure can be increased.
- the point of force for tightening the water electrolysis cell moves to the center of the water electrolysis cell, and the water electrolysis cell is further tightened. It can be tightened uniformly and there is no leakage from the seal.
- pure water is supplied from a pure water supply path provided in the center of the water electrolysis cell, and the generated oxygen and undecomposed pure water are taken out on the anode side inside the bipolar electrode. Since it is performed through the oxygen discharge channel that is provided in the vertical direction, a uniform pure water flow can be formed from the center to the outer periphery of the water electrolysis cell, and the PEM can be locally heated.
- the hydrogen and permeated pure water generated at the cathode are directly discharged into the high-pressure vessel from a discharge port of hydrogen or the like formed on the outer periphery of the bipolar electrode on the cathode side. Therefore, the effect that can be made smaller is also exhibited.
- the porous feeder is fixed in the bipolar electrode by welding or the like, and the surface thereof is polished, so that the PEM is uniformly tightened and is not damaged by protrusions or steps. Factors for lowering the withstand voltage, such as lowering the withstand voltage or impairing the sealing characteristics, are eliminated.
- the present invention by adopting the novel water electrolysis cell structure as described above, it is possible to eliminate the cause of deterioration of the pressure resistance of the water electrolysis cell, stably generate high-pressure hydrogen, improve safety, and
- the diameter of the high-pressure vessel for housing the water electrolysis cell can be reduced, and the wall thickness of the vessel can be reduced, so that many effects can be obtained both in terms of performance and economy.
- the high-pressure hydrogen obtained by the present invention makes it possible to electrolyze water using electric power generated by natural energy or surplus electric power at night to generate hydrogen safely, store it, and supply it to a point of use. It can be used in relatively small places such as ordinary households, offices, factories, and gas stations, as well as in places that store and use energy on a large scale.
- the high-pressure hydrogen obtained by the present invention is used for forming various thin films and thick films such as silicon oxide films, various CVD films, and epitaxially grown films in a semiconductor manufacturing process in which hydrogen has been conventionally used. It is effectively used in the membrane process or heat treatment process, for preventing corrosion of cooling water piping of nuclear power plants and for cooling thermal power plants, and also in the ceramics and fine ceramics industries.
- the hydrogen can be stored with a small volume, and therefore, instead of a hold tank that requires an expensive and large installation area, the inexpensive hydrogen used for ordinary hydrogen supply is used. Since it can be installed on a site with a small area using a high-pressure cylinder, hydrogen can be produced very inexpensively with inexpensive midnight power.
- the present invention is effective for the effective use of energy by using midnight power, and the present invention is also effective in the field of hydrogen production for industrial use, such as in controlling carbon dioxide emissions. You can see that it can contribute to improving the global environment.
- installing a hydrogen generator on the factory premises tends to increase its use because it can eliminate carbon dioxide emissions from truck transportation.However, careless generation of hydrogen due to power outages or equipment failures, etc.
- the hydrogen storage tank for backup is too large and cannot be installed in many cases, and it is necessary to be able to purchase hydrogen for backup, which is a major obstacle to the spread of hydrogen generators.
- hydrogen can be stored in an inexpensive high-pressure cylinder that is normally used, and no special countermeasures for backup are required. Further, when the hydrogen consumption fluctuates greatly over time, a buffer tank facility for leveling the fluctuation of the consumption is required, but it is expensive and requires a large area. Since the inexpensive high-pressure cylinder used for hydrogen supply can be used as a buffer tank, the equipment cost can be extremely low. It can also be seen that the production of hydrogen is immeasurably large.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR0302900-0A BR0302900A (pt) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-16 | Aparelho de produção e método de produção de hidrogênio em alta pressão |
| KR10-2003-7015472A KR20040080332A (ko) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-16 | 고압수소의 제조장치 및 제조방법 |
| EP03701743A EP1473386A4 (en) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-16 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH-PRESSURE WATER |
| CA002446563A CA2446563A1 (en) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-16 | High-pressure hydrogen producing apparatus and producing method |
| CNB038003473A CN1330792C (zh) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-16 | 高压氢气制造设备和制造方法 |
| HK04108456.6A HK1065570B (en) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-16 | High-pressure hydrogen producing apparatus and producing method |
| MXPA03010957A MXPA03010957A (es) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-16 | Un sistema y metodo para generar directamente hidrogeno a alta presion. |
| NO20034366A NO20034366L (no) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-09-29 | Apparatur og produksjonsmetode for produksjon av hydrogen med höyt trykk |
| IS7045A IS7045A (is) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-11-20 | Tæki og aðferð til að framleiða háþrýstivetni |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002-19713 | 2002-01-29 | ||
| JP2002019713A JP4010152B2 (ja) | 2002-01-29 | 2002-01-29 | 高圧水素の製造装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP2002-77344 | 2002-03-19 | ||
| JP2002077344A JP4010165B2 (ja) | 2002-03-19 | 2002-03-19 | 高圧水素の製造装置及びその製法 |
| JP2002153961A JP4010185B2 (ja) | 2002-05-28 | 2002-05-28 | 高圧水素製造方法及びその装置 |
| JP2002-153961 | 2002-05-28 | ||
| JP2002-178415 | 2002-06-19 | ||
| JP2002178415A JP4010193B2 (ja) | 2002-06-19 | 2002-06-19 | 高圧水素製造装置 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003064727A1 true WO2003064727A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
Family
ID=27670908
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/000319 Ceased WO2003064727A1 (en) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-16 | High-pressure hydrogen producing apparatus and producing method |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7048839B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1473386A4 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20040080332A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1330792C (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR0302900A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2446563A1 (ja) |
| IS (1) | IS7045A (ja) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03010957A (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO20034366L (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI226909B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2003064727A1 (ja) |
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| US8057646B2 (en) | 2004-12-07 | 2011-11-15 | Hydrogenics Corporation | Electrolyser and components therefor |
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- 2003-01-16 BR BR0302900-0A patent/BR0302900A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-01-16 CN CNB038003473A patent/CN1330792C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-16 MX MXPA03010957A patent/MXPA03010957A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-01-16 EP EP03701743A patent/EP1473386A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-16 KR KR10-2003-7015472A patent/KR20040080332A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-16 CA CA002446563A patent/CA2446563A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-29 TW TW092101974A patent/TWI226909B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-29 US US10/352,968 patent/US7048839B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-29 NO NO20034366A patent/NO20034366L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-11-20 IS IS7045A patent/IS7045A/is unknown
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2005
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| JPH09157878A (ja) * | 1995-12-11 | 1997-06-17 | Shinko Pantec Co Ltd | 水素・酸素発生装置及びその運転方法 |
| JPH09291386A (ja) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-11 | Shinko Pantec Co Ltd | 高圧型高純度水素酸素発生装置の一体型タンク |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7048839B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 |
| BR0302900A (pt) | 2004-07-06 |
| NO20034366D0 (no) | 2003-09-29 |
| CA2446563A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
| US20030141200A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
| MXPA03010957A (es) | 2005-04-08 |
| CN1330792C (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
| TWI226909B (en) | 2005-01-21 |
| EP1473386A1 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
| CN1514890A (zh) | 2004-07-21 |
| HK1065570A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 |
| EP1473386A4 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
| KR20040080332A (ko) | 2004-09-18 |
| TW200303373A (en) | 2003-09-01 |
| NO20034366L (no) | 2003-11-28 |
| US20060157354A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
| IS7045A (is) | 2003-11-20 |
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