WO2003086070A2 - Procede et systemes pour desinfecter literie et stalles d'animaux - Google Patents

Procede et systemes pour desinfecter literie et stalles d'animaux Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003086070A2
WO2003086070A2 PCT/US2003/010982 US0310982W WO03086070A2 WO 2003086070 A2 WO2003086070 A2 WO 2003086070A2 US 0310982 W US0310982 W US 0310982W WO 03086070 A2 WO03086070 A2 WO 03086070A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bedding
disinfecting
horse
animal
animal bedding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2003/010982
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003086070A3 (fr
Inventor
William Opfel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Equidry Bedding Products LLC
Original Assignee
Equidry Bedding Products LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/120,858 external-priority patent/US6854421B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/158,676 external-priority patent/US6810831B1/en
Priority claimed from US10/188,611 external-priority patent/US20030222000A1/en
Application filed by Equidry Bedding Products LLC filed Critical Equidry Bedding Products LLC
Priority to AU2003230853A priority Critical patent/AU2003230853A1/en
Publication of WO2003086070A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003086070A2/fr
Publication of WO2003086070A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003086070A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/01—Removal of dung or urine ; Removal of manure from stables
    • A01K1/0107—Cat trays; Dog urinals; Toilets for pets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to animal husbandry, and more specifically
  • stalls and bedding in animal stalls require appropriate bedding in the large animal industry (collectively referred to herein as "bedding"), and diligent stall and bedding maintenance, including cleaning and disinfecting.
  • Bedding e.g. horses in horse stalls
  • Controlling the condition of stalls and bedding in animal stalls is essential to ensure a better environment and thus better health and performance of the animals.
  • the condition or quality of stalls and bedding can be affected by a number of factors such as moisture, temperature, pH, ventilation, stocking density, and frequency of cleanout.
  • Stalls and animal bedding are common hiding places for many contaminants such as animal hair and fur, dander, dust mites, dust, dirt, protein and irritating gases
  • contaminants for pathogens such as bacteria
  • viruses viruses, fungi and molds, other pathogens, and the like (collectively referred to herein
  • pathogens Contaminants and pathogens may be a problem not only for the
  • Both the EQUI-0852 animal and the caregiver may develop diseases, respiratory ailments and diseases,
  • ammonia is a noxious gas that is produced by the microbial
  • ammonia is a major physiological stress agent that is directly related to the health of the animal. This results in lower weight gain and generally unhealthy animals. Mortality also increases. Prolonged ammonia exposure
  • the ventilation system may be proper inlet location, air direction, air speed, and volume of air.
  • older facilities that do not have modern designs or sophisticated ventilation systems are looking at substantial expenses in order to
  • conventional bedding materials for animals such as horses include natural organic materials, sand, clay, sand/clay mixtures, limestone dust, wood, concrete, and asphalt flooring, rubber floor mats, volcanic cinders, baking soda, zeolites, and potassium dichromate.
  • Natural organic bedding materials such as alfalfa, straw, saw dust, wood
  • Lime flooring often has the same colic problems associated with sand, clay, and clay/sand mixture floors.
  • lime is strongly alkaline and may cause drying and irritation of skin and respiratory organs.
  • lime flooring may develop damage to its mouth, throat, and internal organs. Horses may also develop rashes from contact with lime. Furthermore, lime flooring is often as hard as concrete floors, and additional bedding (straw, sawdust, wood shavings, stone dust, sand, clay, soil, etc.) is required to provide sufficient bedding/cushioning
  • Baking soda is safer to use and more effective than lime at reducing odors. However, it has almost no absorbency, which would require large amounts to be used in a stall. Baking soda and 15-30 gallons of urine for example would become sticky
  • interlocking blocks also are expensive and also require additional bedding to absorb
  • zeolites are absorbent, but lack the degree of hardness necessary to ensure that they will not grind to dust under a horse's hooves. Potassium dichromate serves to kill odor-producing bacteria and neutralize organic molecules
  • potassium dichromate reduces odors, it is not hard, grinds to dust under a horse's hooves, and is toxic in certain situations.
  • Disinfectants have been used by some to coat the surface of the bedding. However,
  • the present invention may be readily adapted to a variety of animal litters and methods and systems for disinfecting animal stalls and associated animal bedding.
  • pathogens may be removed from stalls and animal bedding to protect the animal and to extend the useable life of the bedding.
  • Animal litters for use and reuse according to the invention may be, among
  • the present invention provides an animal bedding composition comprising granules having calcium bentonite clay, illite clay, and/or kaolinite clay.
  • a method of disinfecting the animal bedding according to the invention may include: preparing soiled animal bedding for disinfecting; disinfecting the soiled
  • An additional step may include removing the animal bedding.
  • the disinfecting system may supply at least one airborne disinfecting medium to animal bedding to disinfect the animal bedding for reuse.
  • the disinfecting system may include: a cover configured to create a controlled environment around the animal
  • At least one disinfecting medium reservoir associated with the cover configured to supply at least one disinfecting medium to the animal bedding within
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a disinfecting method according to an
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a horse stall and a disinfecting system according to an embodiment of the invention during the disinfecting method of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of a horse stall and a disinfecting system according to another embodiment of the invention during the disinfecting method of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of a horse stall and a disinfecting system according to
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of a horse stall and a disinfecting system according to yet another embodiment of the invention during the disinfectmg method of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of a horse stall and a disinfecting system according to even another embodiment of the invention during the disinfecting method of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of a horse stall and a disinfecting system according to
  • the invention is particularly useful in disinfecting and cleansing horse stalls to
  • Embodiments of the invention prolong the usefulness of
  • the horse bedding promote a healthy environment for the horse, and reduce the overall maintenance and health care costs for the horse.
  • the invention is not limited to uses relating to horses and horse stalls, or for that matter trailers, barns, corrals, arenas, racetracks, and the like. Rather, any description relating to horses and the like is for the exemplary purposes of this disclosure, and those of ordinary skill in the art will also understand that the invention may also be used in a variety of applications with similar results for a variety of animals, such as in stalls, cages, kennels, trailers, racetracks, arenas, and the like for animals including, among others: animals such as cats, dogs (including racing dogs like greyhounds),
  • gerbils guinea pigs, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, ferrets, and skunks; laboratory animals; farm animals, such as chickens and other poultry, goats, sheep, pigs, cows,
  • heating devices torching devices, kilns, irradiating devices, applicators, baths, tanks,
  • canisters, venting systems, control devices, sensors, and other implementing components are disclosed, such litters and components may comprise any shape, size,
  • stall refers to any structure that is configured to confine an animal in any manner for any amount of time such as stalls, portable stalls, trailers, barns, corrals, stables, arenas, racetracks, cages, pens, kennels, housings, boxes, bedding boxes, and the like.
  • contaminants refer to such materials as dust, dirt, sand, hay, straw, sawdust, feed, hair, fur, dander, dust mites and other small pests, animal waste,
  • proteins and irritating gases e.g. ammonia
  • pathogens refer to microbial contaminants such as bacteria
  • soiled animal bedding refers to any bedding from an animal
  • method 100 may disinfect an animal stall and associated bedding composition for reuse by: preparing a stall and/or soiled animal bedding for disinfecting (step 102); disinfecting the stall and/or soiled animal bedding (step 104); and reusing the disinfected stall and/or animal bedding (step 106).
  • Step 102 of method 100 is to prepare a stall and/or soiled animal bedding for disinfecting.
  • Animal bedding in step 102 may comprise virtually any animal bedding,
  • animal litters that may be disinfected according to method 100.
  • compositions such as EquidryTM have superior absorbency and wicking, and sufficient
  • porosity enhancing techniques e.g. acid activation or bloating by kilning
  • microporosity and macroporosity of the clay granules are achieved as a result of porosity enhancing techniques (e.g. acid activation or bloating by kilning) and the resulting microporosity and macroporosity of the clay granules.
  • such granular clay compositions may comprise granules having at least calcium bentonite clay, illite clay, and/or kaolinite clay respectively combined
  • bentonite clay, the illite clay, and the kaolinite clay may be respectively combined in a
  • illite clay and the kaolinite clay may be respectively combined in a percentage
  • the calcium bentonite clay, the illite clay, and the kaolinite clay may be combined with other minor constituents, such as chlorite clay, quartz, calcite, K-feldspar, hematite, plagioclase, and unaccounted materials, and comprise a chemical analysis approximately as follows:
  • the animal bedding composition may comprise any size or size range granules having at least calcium bentonite clay, illite clay, and/or kaolinite clay
  • animal bedding for use in various applications from large animal stalls to small EQUI-0852 animal cages.
  • An ammal bedding having a given range of granule sizes may also be used.
  • the animal bedding may be a mixture of similarly sized
  • granules as well. Accordingly, mixtures of different granule sizes allow for higher absorbency and different animal support characteristics (e.g. animal ground pressure support). For example, granule mixes with increased amounts of material sized in the 14-50 mesh range to maximize absorbency will be of advantage to animal litters
  • the granules of the invention are granules of the same.
  • animal bedding composition may comprise a mixture of granule sizes from 4 - 14
  • mesh formed from approximately 8 - 14 mesh granules and approximately 4 - 8 mesh granules combined in a respective percentage by weight of approximately 60 %:40 %.
  • the granules of the animal bedding are granules of the animal bedding
  • composition may comprise a mixture of granule sizes from 6 - 20 mesh formed from EQUI-0852 approximately 12 - 20 mesh granules and approximately 6 - 12 mesh granules
  • the granules of the animal bedding composition may comprise a mixture of granule
  • the granules of the animal bedding composition may comprise a mixture of granule sizes from 6 - 20 mesh formed from approximately 14 - 20 mesh granules and approximately 6 - 14 mesh granules combined in a respective percentage by weight of approximately 50 %:50 %.
  • the granules of the animal bedding composition may comprise a mixture of granule sizes from 8 - 50 mesh
  • horse bedding compositions for use with the present invention may be those having: a
  • Such a granular horse bedding composition may be placed on the floor of a
  • horse stall to a depth of approximately 2 inches to 8 inches or more in preparation for introducing a horse to the stall.
  • the horse bedding then absorbs and desiccates the waste deposited by the horse over time. The absorption of moisture from the horse
  • fecal waste leaves it desiccated so that it is not as offensive in odor production as its moist counterpart.
  • absorbed moisture and ammonia are dissipated from the surface and porous structures of the horse bedding granules with the result that moisture/odor is controlled along with a corresponding reduction in fly problems.
  • the horse bedding reduces wet spots in the stall, and in doing so chemically
  • Preparing a stall and/or soiled animal bedding for disinfecting in step 102 may involve any number of steps and implementing components, and preparing a stall and soiled animal bedding may be accomplished readily by those with ordinary skill in the art from the disclosure herein. Preparing a stall and soiled animal bedding may be accomplished with the bedding in place (in situ) or removed from the stall depending on among other considerations the subsequent disinfecting method and/or system to
  • ammonia e.g. ammonia
  • disinfectants may be EQUI-0852 inactivated in the presence or orgamc contaminants, and therefore, they would need to
  • stalls and animal bedding may have their contaminants and possibly some of their pathogens removed with cleaning
  • Particularly useful to the present invention may be any of the cleaning systems and services provided by and through Equidry Bedding Products, Arizona for
  • such cleaning systems may remove contaminants from animal bedding by stirring up the relatively heavy animal bedding to gain access to and loosen relatively light contaminant material for removal from the bedding.
  • the blower is configured to blow a first fluid stream, such as an air
  • the vacuum is configured to simultaneously draw a second fluid
  • the second fluid stream may then be filtered, for example, with a cleanable cloth bag filter, to remove any contaminants from the second fluid stream.
  • Specific embodiments relating to the first embodiment of the invention may include a fluid stream deflection plate or other enclosed shroud to control contamination being blown away to the surrounding environment by the blower fluid stream.
  • a stream into a cleaning system is used to draw a stream of animal bedding and contaminants from an animal stall, or other area to be cleaned, into the cleaning system.
  • the fluid stream is then drawn through a separation chamber, such as a
  • the fluid stream draws the lighter contaminants from among the heavier animal bedding material into a vacuum for disposal or further
  • a rotor with agitating blades is used to throw the
  • a conveyor moves the contaminated animal bedding into a
  • fluid stream which blows fluid, such as air, through the animal bedding as it falls to the ground.
  • a vacuum draws the contaminants from the fluid stream and leaves the animal bedding to return to the ground. Additional filtering of contaminants may be performed in the vacuum such as separation of contaminants from the fluid stream to
  • first and second embodiments may also be enhanced by forms of
  • this approach is advantageous for stalls with varnished wood, painted concrete block, and the like surfaces with a draining area.
  • the stall surfaces may be swept and/or scrubbed to remove as much organic matter as possible.
  • the bedding and stall surfaces may be cleaned using a detergent starting at the top of the stall, then working from the edges of the
  • step 104 of method 100 is to disinfect soiled animal
  • disinfecting the stall and soiled animal bedding according to step 104 may be carried out whether or not the stall and soiled animal bedding was
  • step 102 disinfecting the stall and soiled animal bedding may be accomplished with the bedding in situ or removed from the stall
  • the disinfecting method and/or system to be utilized depending on among other considerations the disinfecting method and/or system to be utilized. Several factors may be taken into consideration prior to disinfecting. Some considerations might include what types of stall surfaces need to be disinfected, what pathogens are of primary significance, and what disinfecting medium is going to have a reasonable expectation of efficacy under these circumstances. A wide range of disinfecting mediums are available. In determining which disinfecting medium to use, considerations such as choice of product, use concentration, and method of
  • Maintaining a lethal concentration of any disinfecting medium is advantageous to ensure that all pathogens in the animal bedding are eliminated. In some situations
  • the EQUI-0852 disinfecting medium must be effective in the presence of organic matter in which the
  • Streptococcus equi S. zooepidemicus
  • influenza, and herpesvirus are present in nasal discharges; Salmonella, E. coli,
  • Actinobacillus and rotavirus are found in feces.
  • Some disinfecting mediums useful in embodiments of the invention may
  • gases include hot water, steam, ozonated water, alcohols, gases (e.g. O 2 , O 3 , N 2 , and CO 2 ),
  • phenolics hypochlorites, quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorohexidine, iodophors, pine oil, and the like, and synthetic substitutes, salts, esters, tautomers, isomers, analogs, and derivatives thereof, and/or any combination thereof. Because of their effectiveness even in the presence of organic matter, phenolics are recommended for use in horse facilities. Many different phenolic compounds are commercially
  • bleach and quaternary ammonium compounds are inactivated by organic matter.
  • Iodophores such as Betadine®, are effective even in the presence of organic matter.
  • Chlorhexidines such as Nolvasan® and VirusanTM
  • Pine oils such as Pine Sol®
  • Disinfecting soiled animal bedding and/or stalls in step 104 may involve any number of steps and implementing components, and disinfecting soiled animal
  • bedding and stalls may be accomplished readily by those with ordinary skill in the art
  • step 104 may be accomplished by covering the soiled animal bedding
  • Covering soiled animal bedding may involve any number of steps and implementing components, and covering soiled animal bedding may be accomplished readily by
  • covering soiled animal bedding may be accomplished with any cover. Determining which type of cover to use will depend, among other factors, upon the disinfecting method, stall, and/or system to be utilized. Covers that are useful for embodiments of the present invention may include a cover (e.g.
  • a blanket a blanket, a mat, a sheet, a tarp, a tent, a shroud, a hood, and the like
  • a heating cover a reflective cover, a temperature resisting cover, a heating/reflective cover, a heating/reflective/temperature resisting cover, a container, a heating, sterilizing, irradiating, rinsing, and or disinfecting device, any other similar cover, container, or device, and/or any combination thereof to create a substantially sealed, or at least
  • silicone rubber laminated heating mats and blankets are resistant to moisture, weather, and most gases and chemicals, even ozone gases. Silicone rubber laminated heating
  • Silicone rubber laminated heating mats and blankets and other heating covers may EQUI-0852 require use with a controller. Covers may also be any shape and size. For example, a
  • the controlled environment may be created by merely placing a cover over the area, or by creating a substantially continuous seal around the perimeter of the area to trap the animal bedding between the cover and the ground or floor of the stall.
  • the controlled environment may be created by coupling the cover to side walls of a stall using any coupling mechanism known in the art, such as tape, adhesive, fasteners (e.g. tacks or tack strips), and/or the like, thereby creating a partial seal around the
  • Supplying an airborne disinfecting medium may involve any number of steps
  • airborne disinfecting medium may be accomplished readily by those with ordinary
  • an airborne disinfecting EQUI-0852 medium may be any airborne disinfecting medium, including a gas, an aspirated
  • FIGS. 2-4 for example, supplying an airborne disinfecting medium to covered
  • animal bedding in situ may be accomplished by supplying disinfecting medium from any disinfecting medium reservoir (e.g. a tank or an aerosol canister) through an inlet
  • any disinfecting medium reservoir e.g. a tank or an aerosol canister
  • valve in or under the cover e.g. a tarp
  • a venting system buried in the stall floor or built into geotextile flooring mats.
  • animal bedding may be accomplished by creating a disinfecting environment.
  • Creating a disinfecting environment may involve any number of steps and implementing components, and creating a disinfecting environment may be accomplished readily by those with ordinary skill in the art from the disclosure herein.
  • creating a disinfecting environment may be accomplished by flooding the controlled environment around the animal bedding with one or more gaseous disinfecting mediums. Accordingly, the
  • controlled environment may be flooded with disinfecting gasses including O 3 , any other like disinfecting gas, and/or any combination thereof to kill all pathogens in the
  • mediums may be supplied at concentrations of about 4% or more for times of about 5
  • disinfecting horse bedding 16 may be accomplished by
  • Disinfecting system 17 may include cover 22, cover inlet valve 29, airborne disinfecting medium 30, control
  • a substantially sealed, or at least partially sealed, controlled environment may be created around bedding 16 to more effectively and/or efficiently
  • Gaseous airborne disinfecting medium 30 may then be supplied at concentrations of about 4% or more for a time period of about 5 min. or more from
  • Control device 40 may be a user-selectable and/or programmed, air condition power controller.
  • Confrol device 40 may also include a display (e.g. a dual 4-digit
  • Control device 40 may also comprise a central processing unit that comprises a program with parameter settings that may
  • Control device may also have associated therewith a local data storage device such as
  • RAM random access memory
  • the local data storage device may be used for any number of instructions
  • Control device 40 may be powered by any power source
  • control device 40 may be configured to facilitate ventilation
  • Control device 40 may be coupled (e.g. electrically and/or mechanically) to and may control the activation of tank 42 in conjunction with sensor 44 that may measure concentration.
  • control device may cause tank 42 to increase or decrease supply of airborne disinfectmg medium 30 in proportion to concentration demands.
  • Sensor 44 is capable of measuring one or more air conditions and transmitting respective stimulus dependent thereon to control device 40.
  • Sensor 44 may be a dual sensor for example or a combination of sensors capable of sensing more than one air condition. Air conditions capable of being measured by sensor 44 and utilized by
  • control device 40 include, but are not limited to: temperature; humidity; moisture content; disinfecting medium concentrations; and/or any combination thereof.
  • sensor 44 may measure airborne disinfecting medium 30
  • Sensor 44 may be routed (e.g. a wired, field wired, or wireless) and
  • sensor 44 may be located in bedding 16 at a
  • Control device 40 may use a single sensor differential method for ventilation activation. Using control device 40, a concentration set-point for ventilation
  • control device 40 may cause sensor 44 to sense concenfration and to transmit to control device 40 respective concentration stimulus dependent thereon. Upon receiving the stimulus, control device 44 may compare the concenfration set-point to the sensed concentration. If the sensed concentration is less than the concentration set-point, control device 40 may activate tank 42 to cause the transport of airborne disinfecting medium 30 to covered bedding 16, thereby increasing concentration and maintaining covered bedding 16 at the concentration set-point.
  • creating a disinfecting environment may be accomplished by flooding the controlled environment
  • the controlled environment may be flooded with aspirated
  • disinfecting mediums including aspirated alcohols, aspirated phenolics, aspirated
  • hypochlorites aspirated quaternary ammonium compounds, aspirated chlorohexidine, EQUI-0852 aspirated iodophors, aspirated pine oil, any other like aspirated disinfecting medium,
  • aspirated disinfecting mediums may be supplied at concentrations of about 4% or more for times of about 5 min. or more.
  • disinfecting horse bedding 16 may be accomplished by covering bedding 16 with cover 22 and using disinfecting system 19
  • Disinfecting system 19 may include cover 22, cover inlet valve 29, airborne disinfecting medium 33, control device 40, aerosol canister 46, and sensor 44. Under the coordination and control of control device 40, aspirated airborne disinfecting medium 33 may be supplied to covered bedding 16 from aerosol canister 46 through inlet valve 29 in cover 22. Aspirated airborne disinfecting medium 33 may be supplied at concentrations of about 4% or more for a time period of about 5 min. or more.
  • Control device 40 may coordinate and control the components and functions
  • Control device 40 may be
  • aerosol canister 46 in conjunction with sensor 44.
  • Sensor 44 may measure aspirated
  • airborne disinfecting medium 33 concentration and may be located atop bedding 16.
  • confrol device 40 may cause aerosol canister EQUI-0852
  • Confrol device 40 may use a single sensor differential method for ventilation
  • control device 40 Using control device 40, a concentration set-point for ventilation activation may be set and stored. Then, during use, control device 40 may cause
  • control device 40 to sense concentration and to transmit to control device 40 respective concentration stimulus dependent thereon. Upon receiving the stimulus, control
  • control device 40 may compare the concentration set-point to the sensed concentration. If the sensed concentration is less than the concentration set-point, control device 40 may activate aerosol canister 46 to cause the transport of airborne disinfecting medium 33
  • supplying an airborne disinfecting medium to covered animal bedding may be accomplished by alternately switching from an anaerobic environment to an aerobic environment. Creating an anaerobic
  • an aerobic environment may involve any number of steps and implementing components, and creating an anaerobic environment and an aerobic
  • environment may be accomplished by flooding the controlled environment around the EQUI-0852 animal bedding with one or more gasses to form an anaerobic atmosphere.
  • the confrolled environment may be flooded with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ),
  • N 2 nitrogen (N 2 ), any other like gas, and or any combmation thereof to kill all pathogens
  • creating an aerobic enviromnent may be
  • oxygen O 2
  • O 3 ozone
  • any other like gas any other like gas, and/or any combination thereof to kill all pathogens which require an anaerobic atmosphere
  • Appropriate concentrations may be about 4% or more, and appropriate
  • creating an anaerobic environment and an aerobic environment may comprise a two-stage gas flooding process.
  • the controlled environment around the animal In the first stage, the controlled environment around the animal
  • bedding is flooded with one or more gasses selected to kill pathogens which require an anaerobic atmosphere to survive.
  • the controlled environment In the second stage, the controlled environment
  • disinfectmg horse bedding 16 may be any suitable material.
  • disinfectmg horse bedding 16 may be any suitable material.
  • Disinfecting system 18 may include cover 22, ventilation system 34, gaseous airborne disinfecting mediums 31 and 32, confrol device 40, tanks 42 and 43, and sensor 44.
  • Supplying gaseous airborne disinfecting mediums 31 and 32 to the covered bedding 16 may be a two-stage gas flooding process. In the first stage, under the
  • the controlled environment around bedding 16 may be flooded with gaseous airborne disinfecting medium 31 selected to kill pathogens
  • the controlled environment around bedding 16 may be flooded with gaseous airborne disinfecting medium 32 selected to kill pathogens
  • Ventilation system 34 may be buried in or built into floor 14, depending upon
  • Ventilation system 34 may comprise inlet tube 36 coupled (e.g.,
  • Coupled e.g. mechanically-fluidly
  • inlet tube 36 may be Coupled (e.g. mechanically-fluidly) along inlet tube 36 in a series
  • outlet tubes 38 the distal end portions of which open to the
  • a venting layer and an animal bedding layer include a venting layer and an animal bedding layer.
  • Particular embodiments also include a separation layer and/or a diffusion layer. In one embodiment of the
  • a stall floor comprises a ventilation layer and a bedding layer.
  • a pumping system pumps one or more gases (such as air) either into or out of the ventilation layer.
  • the ventilation layer comprises a network of passages which release gas to or
  • the ventilation layer may further comprise a diffusion layer and/or a separation layer.
  • the separation layer if used,
  • ventilation layer may be as simple as a network of perforated pipes running in parallel
  • Confrol device 40 may coordinate and confrol the components and functions of disinfecting system 18, and, accordingly, maybe configured to facilitate ventilation confrol for gaseous airborne disinfecting mediums 31 and 32.
  • Control device 40 may be coupled (e.g. electrically and/or mechanically) to and may confrol the activation of tanks 42 and 43 in conjunction with sensor 44.
  • Sensor 44 may measure both airborne disinfecting medium 31 and 32 concenfration, and sensor 44 may be located atop bedding 16.
  • confrol device 40 may cause tanks 42 or 43 to increase or decrease supply of gaseous airborne disinfecting medium 31 or 32 respectively in proportion to concenfration demands.
  • Confrol device 40 may use a single sensor differential method for ventilation activation. Using confrol device 40, concentration set-points for ventilation activation may be set and stored. Then, during use, confrol device 40 may cause sensor 44 to sense concenfrations and to transmit to control device 40 respective concenfration stimulus dependent thereon. Upon receiving the stimuli, confrol device 44 may compare the concenfration set-points to applicable sensed concenfrations. If the sensed concenfrations are less than the concenfration set-points, confrol device 40 may activate tanks 42 or 43 to cause the transport of gaseous airborne disinfecting medium EQUI-0852
  • animal bedding may be accomplished by creating a sterilizing environment around the
  • Creating a sterilizing environment may involve any number of steps and implementing components, and creating a sterilizing environment may be
  • appropriate temperatures may be about 100-200 °F or
  • appropriate times may be about 5 min. or more, such as about 60 minutes, and appropriate pressures may be about atmospheric pressure' or more. Accordingly, if the animal bedding is in situ, steam sterilizing the animal
  • bedding may be accomplished by flooding the controlled enviromnent around the animal bedding with saturated steam to kill all pathogens in the confrolled
  • sterilizing the animal bedding may accomplished in one or more autoclaves and by
  • Drying the sterilized animal bedding may be accomplished by simple evaporation with sterilized animal bedding left in situ or placed (e.g. transported by
  • Time for evaporation will depend upon many considerations, such as the animal bedding, the rinse used, the size of the pile or stall, and the like, among other considerations.
  • Ventilation in a 12' x 12' stall may dissipate up to 200 gallons within 4 hours to no
  • Dry-heating animal bedding in situ EQUI-0852 may be accomplished by covering the sterilized animal bedding with a
  • heating/reflective cover combination or other similar cover to create at least partially
  • the cover may be perforated
  • animal bedding may then be dried at a temperature of
  • dry-heating animal bedding in situ may be accomplished with a flame, such as a portable, gas-powered (e.g. propane) burner or torch system.
  • a flame such as a portable, gas-powered (e.g. propane) burner or torch system.
  • the flame may be under a hood or other cover as previously described for example. Heating the animal bedding with a flame may be carried out at a
  • dry-heating may occur in stages and may be accomplished using gas, diesel, electric, infrared, and other drying and heating devices.
  • drying and heating devices may include conveyorized ovens, tunnel ovens,
  • ovens low temp ovens, high temp ovens, heat treating ovens, drying ovens, air dryers, EQUI-0852 flotation dryers, hot air impingement dryers, rotary dryers/kilns, electric furnaces, high
  • ammal bedding granules to be
  • dried may be introduced into a conveyorized oven. Drying in a conveyorized drying
  • oven may be carried out at a temperature of approximately 100° F to approximately
  • disinfecting soiled animal bedding according to step 104 may be accomplished by rinsing the soiled animal bedding and drying the rinsed animal bedding.
  • Rinsing soiled animal bedding and drying rinsed animal bedding may involve any number of steps and implementing components, and rinsing soiled animal bedding and drying rinsed animal bedding may be accomplished readily by those with ordinary skill in the art from the disclosure herein.
  • Appropriate disinfecting mediums may be any of those described previously, such as hot water, steam, ozonated water, alcohols, phenolics, hypochlorites, quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorohexidine, iodophors, pine oil, and the like. If necessary, any
  • disinfecting medium may be diluted.
  • an applicator may be any combination of:
  • the animal bedding may be sprayed with hot water, steam,
  • appropriate concenfrations may be about 4% or more, and appropriate times may be about 5 min. or more.
  • disinfecting horse bedding 16 may be accomplished by using disinfecting system 26 to supply a disinfecting medium to the
  • Disinfecting system 26 may include a garden hose, a disinfecting medium as described previously, and sprayer 49.
  • Sprayer 49 may be any hose end sprayer having any number of features and advantages.
  • sprayer 49 may
  • Sprayer 49 may be configured to siphon concentrated disinfecting mediums from a reservoir, mix the concentrated disinfecting mediums properly with water in a sprayer head, and produce a uniform spray pattern to apply a
  • Sprayer 49 may not only apply thin liquid disinfecting medium spray concenfrates, but may also apply thick liquids or wettable powders with
  • Sprayer 49 may also have a swivel hose-
  • an anti-siphon valve to prevents EQUI-0852 chemicals from being siphoned into the water system
  • an ON/OFF confrol to easily connect the garden hose
  • adjustable deflector nozzle to spray up or down, a large dial with different mix
  • siphoning tube to prevent clogging.
  • out of the stall may be accomplished by immersing the soiled ammal bedding into a disinfecting medium bath until the bedding is disinfected.
  • a disinfecting medium bath for example, an immersion
  • bath may be any bath, boiling bath, unstirred bath, stirred bath, circulating bath, heating bath, high temperature bath, shaking bath, dual-action shaking bath, reciprocating shaking bath, linear shaking bath, orbital shaking bath, ultrasonic bath, rotary bath, any other similar bath as is known in the art, and or any combination
  • appropriate temperatures may be about 100-200 °F or
  • rinsing soiled animal bedding out of the stall may be accomplished by washing soiled animal
  • situ may be accomplished by covering rinsed animal bedding with a heatmg/reflective cover combination or other similar cover to create at least partially sealed controlled environment around the animal bedding to more effectively and/or efficiently dry the
  • the cover may be perforated or include an open air valve, or a corner of the cover may be left open and unsealed.
  • animal bedding may then be dried at a temperature of approximately 100° F to
  • bedding in situ may also be accomplished by evaporation as previously explained.
  • Dry-heating may occur in stages and may be accomplished using gas, diesel, electric, infrared, and other drying and
  • EQUI-0852 animal bedding granules to be dried may be introduced into a conveyorized drying
  • oven and may be dried at a temperature of approximately 100° F to approximately
  • drying rinsed animal bedding out of the stall may be accomplished by evaporation as previously explained.
  • step 104 may be accomplished by heating the soiled ammal bedding. Heating soiled animal bedding may involve any number of steps and implementing
  • the animal bedding may be any suitable material.
  • the animal bedding may be any suitable material.
  • Heating the animal bedding out of the stall may be accomplished by kilning for example. Kilning may involve any number of steps and implementing components, and kilning soiled animal bedding may be accomplished
  • kilning may occur in stages and may be accomplished using a propane-fired, stainless
  • animal bedding granules to be fired may be introduced into a
  • the clay may vitrify completely or melt into a glass-like material and be of no use as an absorbent. Flash kilning may be carried out at a temperature of
  • Heating the animal bedding out of the stall may also be accomplished by dry- heat sterilization in which a dry heat is applied to the animal bedding. Dry-heat sterilization may involve any number of steps and implementing components, and dry-heat sterilization may be accomplished readily by those with ordinary skill in the art from the disclosure herein.
  • dry-heat sterilization may occur in stages and may be accomplished using gas, diesel, electric, infrared, and other drying and heating devices
  • animal bedding granules to be heated may be any suitable material.
  • animal bedding granules to be heated may be any suitable material.
  • Heating in a conveyorized oven may be carried
  • bedding may be heated in place on the stall floor. Heating animal bedding in situ may
  • heating animal bedding in situ may be accomplished with a flame, such as a portable, gas-powered (e.g. propane) burner or torch system.
  • a flame such as a portable, gas-powered (e.g. propane) burner or torch system.
  • the flame may be
  • bedding with a flame may be carried out at a temperature of approximately 100 ° F to
  • heating the animal bedding in situ may be accomplished by dry-heat sterilization in which a dry heat is applied to the animal bedding.
  • Heating animal bedding in situ may be accomplished by covering soiled animal bedding with a heating/reflective cover combination or other similar cover to create at least partially sealed controlled environment around the animal bedding to more effectively and/or efficiently heat the soiled animal bedding.
  • the cover in order to vent moisture/steam that may be generated during heating, the cover may be perforated or include an open air valve, or a corner of the cover may be
  • sterilized may be heated to a temperature of about 200 ° F to approximately 2,000 ° F
  • disinfecting bedding 16 may be accomplished
  • Disinfecting system 20 may include
  • Cover 23 may comprise temperature-resistant, reflective cover 24 and heating
  • cover 25 Although cover 24 and cover 25 are illustrated as adjacent or coupled to one another, cover 24 and cover 25 may be integrally joined together to comprise a
  • Heating cover 25 may have electrical heating coils disposed therein to generate heat, and under the coordination and confrol of control device 40, heating cover 25 may supply heat to covered bedding 16 so it may
  • Confrol device 40 may coordinate and control the components and functions of disinfecting system 20, and, accordingly, may be configured to facilitate temperature control for cover 23.
  • Confrol device 40 may be coupled (e.g. electrically
  • Sensor 44 may measure bedding temperature, and sensor 44 may be
  • confrol device 40 Upon receiving signals from sensor 44, confrol device 40
  • Confrol device 40 may use a single sensor differential method for ventilation
  • control device 40 Using control device 40, a temperature set-point for heating activation
  • confrol device 40 may be set and stored. Then, during use, confrol device 40 may cause sensor 44 to
  • confrol device 44 may compare the
  • disinfecting soiled ammal bedding according to step 104 may be accomplished by irradiating the soiled animal bedding. Irradiating soiled animal bedding may involve any number of steps and implementing components, and irradiating soiled animal bedding may be accomplished readily by those with ordinary skill in the art from the disclosure herein.
  • irradiating soiled animal bedding may be accomplished simultaneously with preparing soiled
  • one or more ultraviolet light, microwave, gamma radiation, and/or the like sources may be directed at a sfream of animal bedding at some point within a cleaning
  • the irradiation sources may also be included within a shroud or hood feature
  • the exposure regions for energy may be limited to specific regions
  • a coating may optionally be placed on the inner surface of the shroud or on portions of the lights to absorb ultraviolet energy contacting the surface
  • ultraviolet light sources are currently available, for example, from Atlantic Ultraviolet Corporation of Hauppauge, New York for use in air duct disinfecting systems, and may readily be adapted by one of ordinary skill in the art for use with embodiments of the present invention.
  • Atlantic Ultraviolet Co ⁇ oration has found that by emitting ultraviolet energy toward a surface, a large majority of the energy having a wavelength which is at the mercury resonance line of 254
  • germs such as virus, bacteria and mold spores can be destroyed with as high as 98% effectiveness.
  • irradiating soiled animal bedding may also be accomplished separately from preparing
  • sources may be directed at animal bedding in situ to destroy pathogens exposed to the EQUI-0852 ultraviolet, microwave, gamma, and/or the like energy over a period of time.
  • the like sources may also be directed at animal bedding removed from the stall as
  • the irradiation sources individually or collectively may also be
  • a cover such as a tarp, a shroud, a hood, or the like to destroy pathogens on and among the animal bedding within the cover.
  • the exposure region for energy may be limited to the specific region within the shroud (e.g. just the stall floor).
  • a coating may optionally be placed on the inner surface of the cover or on portions of the irradiation sources to absorb energy contacting the surface to prevent reflection to areas outside the cover or to direct the energy emitting from the irradiation sources.
  • disinfecting bedding 16 may be any suitable material.
  • disinfecting bedding 16 may be any suitable material.
  • Disinfecting system 21 may include cover 26, at least one UV light, microwave, gamma radiation, and/or the like irradiation source 48,
  • Cover 26 may be similar to cover 22, but more
  • cover 26 may comprise a coating placed on the inner surface of cover 26 or on portions thereof to absorb energy
  • Control device 40 may coordinate and control the components and functions
  • Confrol device 40 may be coupled (e.g. electrically
  • step 106 of method 100 is to reuse the disinfected
  • Reusing the disinfected animal bedding in step 106 may involve any combination of
  • the disinfected animal bedding may be returned to the area from which it was removed, may be stored for a time to allow for additional cleaning of the area before the animal bedding is returned, or may be returned to a different area from that which it was removed.
  • the disinfected bedding may be replaced back on the floor of the same or other animal stall(s) to a depth of approximately 1/2 inch to 8 inches or more for example in preparation for re- introducing the animal(s) to the particular stall(s).
  • the animal bedding may be easily
  • the bedding may remain in place for extended periods of time, such as at least six
  • An embodiment of the invention may be
  • animal bedding may be re-used or otherwise recycled for use as animal bedding or for other uses through embodiments of the present invention.
  • horse stall 10 illustrates the major features of a typical horse stall.
  • horse stall 10 maybe approximately a 12' by 14' by 8' horse stall for example and may comprise side walls 12 and floor 14.
  • Side walls 12 may be comprised of varnished wood panels, metal, aluminum, or mesh panels, painted concrete blocks, or other sidewall materials.
  • Floor 14 may be comprised of the ground or some other flooring, such as concrete, mats of geotextiles, wood planks, or other flooring
  • stall 10 is comprised of side walls 12 of painted concrete blocks, floor 14
  • control device 40 controls the direction and confrol of control device 40 and in conjunction with sensor 44,
  • ozone gas 30 is then supplied at a concenfration of 4% for a time period of 5 min.
  • confrol device Upon receiving signals from sensor 44, confrol device causes tank 42 to increase or
  • EquidryTM horse bedding 16 may be reused on concrete floor
  • bedding 16 is easily maintained to a like new condition by removing fines introduced
  • the bedding may remain in place for extended periods of time, such as at least six
  • nitrogen gas 31 is first supplied at a concenfration of 4% for a time period of 5 min.
  • confrol device 40 causes tank 42 or 43 to increase or
  • Lysol® 33 is supplied at a concenfration
  • control device 40 causes aerosol canister 46 to increase or decrease supply of Lysol®
  • bedding 16 may be reused as described in Example 1.
  • control device 40 Under the direction and control of control device 40 and in conjunction with sensor
  • heat is supplied from heating coils in heating/reflective cover 23 at a temperature
  • confrol device 40 causes cover 23 to increase or
  • cover 26 i.e. a sturdy hood
  • irradiation source 48 of disinfecting system 21 supplies ulfraviolet, microwave, gamma, and/or the like
  • disinfecting EquidryTM bedding 16 is accomplished by using disinfecting
  • Nolvasan® with water in a sprayer head, and produces a uniform spray pattern that EQUI-0852 applies diluted Nolvasan® onto EquidryTM bedding 16 at a concentration of 4%.
  • EquidryTM horse bedding 16 may be
  • NAHMS NASHMS
  • respiratory irritants such as dust and ammonia fumes, and coliform pathogens such as
  • Plant-based beddings such as straw
  • hay, and wood-based beddings such as sawdust and shavings, may contain dust, toxins, and pathogens before use in the stable, in part due to harvest and storage
  • wood dust from cedar contains the toxin plicatic acid
  • pine dust contains albeitic acid
  • a bedding that is basically inert, into which a manure fork easily plunges
  • a semi-truckload of the same bedding was distributed into three indoor stalls, 12 feet x 14 feet, bedded 4 inches deep.
  • stalls were vacated, allowed to "rest” for 2 weeks, then sampled at 13 locations in each stall: the center, and at 12 locations midway between the center and the
  • the samples were pooled and cultured for coliform bacteria.
  • Group 2-a frays were filled to a depth of 4 inches with
  • Group 2-b frays were filled to a depth of 4 inches with
  • Group 3-b frays were treated the same as Group 3-a
  • Group 3-d frays were treated the same as Group 3-a trays, but were allowed to air-dry until visibly dry (48 hours) after being picked clean with a fork, then surface-sprayed with a common veterinary chlorhexidine diacetate
  • Group 3 -f frays were freated the same as Group 3-a frays, but were allowed to air-dry until visibly dry (48 hours) after being picked clean with a fork,
  • Treating with chlorhexidine solution resulted in a low of 0 to a
  • kilned clay bedding is allowed to dry sufficiently to kill pathogens through
  • EquidryTM horse bedding has a lower unit density than
  • EquidryTM is capable of remaining in
  • blowing and/or vacuuming may

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et systèmes de désinfection de literies d'animaux, qui facilitent l'évacuation de contaminants et d'agents pathogènes des literies réutilisables. Un procédé de désinfection consiste notamment à préparer, pour désinfection, la literie sale de l'animal; à la désinfecter et à réutiliser la literie désinfectée de l'animal. Un système de désinfection, qui fournit au moins un milieu désinfectant à la literie de l'animal, comporte notamment une couverture conçue pour créer un environnement contrôlé autour de ladite literie; et au moins un réservoir de substances désinfectants associé à ladite couverture conçu pour fournir au moins une substance désinfectante à la literie de l'animal dans ledit environnement contrôlé. Un système de désinfection conçu pour chauffer ladite literie comporte notamment une couverture chauffante destinée à créer un environnement contrôlé autour de la literie et à la chauffer à une température d'au moins 200 °F approximativement pendant environ au moins 5 minutes.
PCT/US2003/010982 2002-04-10 2003-04-09 Procede et systemes pour desinfecter literie et stalles d'animaux Ceased WO2003086070A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003230853A AU2003230853A1 (en) 2002-04-10 2003-04-09 Method and systems for disinfecting animal bedding and stalls

Applications Claiming Priority (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US37178302P 2002-04-10 2002-04-10
US10/120,858 2002-04-10
US10/120,858 US6854421B2 (en) 2002-04-10 2002-04-10 Animal litter and methods of fabricating same
US60/371,783 2002-04-10
US10/158,676 US6810831B1 (en) 2002-05-29 2002-05-29 Animal arena surface amendment
US10/158,676 2002-05-29
US10/188,611 US20030222000A1 (en) 2002-04-10 2002-07-02 Cleaning system for animal litter and bedding
US10/188,611 2002-07-02
US43114002P 2002-12-04 2002-12-04
US43110602P 2002-12-04 2002-12-04
US43106702P 2002-12-04 2002-12-04
US60/431,106 2002-12-04
US60/431,067 2002-12-04
US60/431,140 2002-12-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003086070A2 true WO2003086070A2 (fr) 2003-10-23
WO2003086070A3 WO2003086070A3 (fr) 2004-09-16

Family

ID=29255746

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2003/010982 Ceased WO2003086070A2 (fr) 2002-04-10 2003-04-09 Procede et systemes pour desinfecter literie et stalles d'animaux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003230853A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003086070A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1028697B1 (nl) * 2020-10-12 2022-05-10 Poulpharm Bvba Werkwijze voor het desinfecteren van een pluimveestal
GB2605394A (en) * 2021-03-30 2022-10-05 H Sheikha Alyazia Bint Sultan Bin Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan H Device for recycling horse bedding

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4129097A (en) * 1977-03-03 1978-12-12 Akzona Incorporated Floor covering sheet for stables
US4205624A (en) * 1978-07-14 1980-06-03 Steve Yacus Method and equipment for sanitizing animal soiled rubber bedding material
BR8501176A (pt) * 1984-03-19 1985-11-12 Ijiji Shugeizo Co Ltd Baia para criacao de animais domesticos
DE3735305A1 (de) * 1987-10-17 1989-04-27 Voigt Soehne Fa C Verfahren zur herstellung eines belags und seine verwendung
US6047496A (en) * 1996-03-20 2000-04-11 Leitner; Kenneth D. Structural fumigation process and apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1028697B1 (nl) * 2020-10-12 2022-05-10 Poulpharm Bvba Werkwijze voor het desinfecteren van een pluimveestal
GB2605394A (en) * 2021-03-30 2022-10-05 H Sheikha Alyazia Bint Sultan Bin Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan H Device for recycling horse bedding
GB2605394B (en) * 2021-03-30 2023-04-26 H Sheikha Alyazia Bint Sultan Bin Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan H Device for recycling horse bedding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003230853A1 (en) 2003-10-27
AU2003230853A8 (en) 2003-10-27
WO2003086070A3 (fr) 2004-09-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20030192485A1 (en) Method and systems for disinfecting animal bedding and stalls
KR102274193B1 (ko) 벤토나이트를 함유한 고양이 모래 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 고양이 모래
US2649759A (en) Treated clay animal litter
US9332736B2 (en) Deodorizing, sterilizing and moisture reduction system for animal waste and litter
Wood et al. A review of ammonia and particulate matter control strategies for poultry housing
CA2890146C (fr) Agent de reduction d'ammoniac pour paillages et litieres d'animaux
CN101417140B (zh) 粪便除味剂及其制备方法
US20030209203A1 (en) Animal litter and methods of fabricating same
US20030192816A1 (en) Cleaning system for animal litter and bedding
JP2010057424A (ja) ペット用自動清掃トイレ
WO2003086055A2 (fr) Systeme d'aeration de stalles d'animaux
JP2002500024A (ja) 鶏舎におけるアンモニア抑制用クレー敷料製品
US7434540B2 (en) Antimicrobial additive for large animal or poultry beddings
TWI722083B (zh) 環境改良材料及其製造方法
WO2003086070A2 (fr) Procede et systemes pour desinfecter literie et stalles d'animaux
JP7365571B2 (ja) ペット用排泄物処理材およびその製造方法
KR100607700B1 (ko) 친환경 축사 구조
KR20180067036A (ko) 애완동물 배설물 냄새제거용 공기청정기
KR20240025251A (ko) 고양이 모래 재활용 장치
KR20190027069A (ko) 축사 입배기 살균탈취장치
KR102863482B1 (ko) 고양이 모래 제조방법
LT6137B (lt) Pakratas gyvūnams ir jo gamybos būdas
US20160029588A1 (en) Litter Wizard System
JP2001112365A (ja) 動物舎用の床敷材
KR100473174B1 (ko) 시앤비 시스템을 이용한 축산폐수의 처리방법

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: JP