WO2004005984A1 - 光ファイバおよびこれを用いた光ファイバカプラ、エルビウム添加光ファイバ増幅器、光導波路 - Google Patents
光ファイバおよびこれを用いた光ファイバカプラ、エルビウム添加光ファイバ増幅器、光導波路 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004005984A1 WO2004005984A1 PCT/JP2003/008598 JP0308598W WO2004005984A1 WO 2004005984 A1 WO2004005984 A1 WO 2004005984A1 JP 0308598 W JP0308598 W JP 0308598W WO 2004005984 A1 WO2004005984 A1 WO 2004005984A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- erbium
- core
- inner cladding
- doped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2551—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding using thermal methods, e.g. fusion welding by arc discharge, laser beam, plasma torch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03694—Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/02—Pure silica glass, e.g. pure fused quartz
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/08—Doped silica-based glasses doped with boron or fluorine or other refractive index decreasing dopant
- C03B2201/12—Doped silica-based glasses doped with boron or fluorine or other refractive index decreasing dopant doped with fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/20—Doped silica-based glasses doped with non-metals other than boron or fluorine
- C03B2201/28—Doped silica-based glasses doped with non-metals other than boron or fluorine doped with phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
- C03B2201/31—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with germanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/22—Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point
- C03B2203/23—Double or multiple optical cladding profiles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/30—Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres
Definitions
- Optical fiber and optical fiber power plastic using it erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, optical waveguide
- the present invention relates to an optical fiber forming an optical component used for optical communication, an optical fiber power bra, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, and an optical waveguide using the same, particularly in fusion splicing with optical fibers having different mode field diameters.
- the present invention relates to an optical fiber that can be connected with low connection loss and sufficient connection strength, an optical fiber cabbra using the same, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, and an optical waveguide.
- Fusion splicing of optical fibers having different mode field diameters causes connection loss.
- MFD mode field diameters
- a power for heating the optical fiber before fusion splicing the optical fiber and a heating treatment such as additional discharge after fusion splicing are performed to remove the dopant contained in the core of the optical fiber.
- a method is known in which the MFD of an optical fiber with a small MFD is enlarged by diffusing the optical fiber into a clad to reduce the difference in the MFD between the optical fibers.
- the change of the core radius due to the diffusion of the dopant contained in the core of the optical fiber is represented by the following equation (1).
- r is the core radius of the previous diffusion of the dopant
- r 2 is the core radius after spreading of dopant bets
- D is the diffusion coefficient
- t is the heating time of the optical fiber.
- D LM diffusion coefficient of MFD large optical fiber
- D SM MFD diffusion coefficient of a small optical fiber
- the MFD expansion speed of the optical fiber with a small MFD is higher than the MFD expansion speed of the optical fiber with a large MFD. Over time, the difference between the two MFDs becomes smaller, and the connection loss is reduced.
- a 1.3 ⁇ zero-dispersion single-mode optical fiber (hereinafter abbreviated as “sindal mode optical fiber”), which is an optical transmission line for optical communication, and a numerical aperture of 0.24 to 0.15 Splicing with optical fiber (hereinafter abbreviated as "high numerical aperture optical fiber”) and heat treatment after fusion splicing reduce splice loss.
- the core diameter of the single mode optical fiber is about 8 ⁇ m
- the MFD is about 10 m
- the refractive index difference ⁇ n between the core and the clad is about 0.004.
- the core diameter of the high numerical aperture optical fiber about 4 ⁇ ⁇ , MFD is about 4 Myupaiiota
- Koa diameter Oyobi MFD is smaller than the sheet Ndarumodo optical fiber
- the refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the clad 0 .02 to 0.008 which is a relatively large value. Therefore, the concentration of the dopant contained in the core of the high numerical aperture optical fiber is higher than the concentration of the dopant contained in the core of the single mode optical fiber.
- the high concentration of the dopant in the core results in a low softening temperature of the core, and therefore a single-mode light diffusion rate of the dopant at a given temperature. Significantly more than fiber.
- the diffusion coefficient of the high numerical aperture optical fiber is larger than that of the single mode optical fiber.
- the high numerical aperture optical fiber has a small MFD and a large diffusion coefficient, while the single mode optical fiber has a large MFD and a small diffusion coefficient, which satisfies the condition for reducing the connection loss described above.
- connection loss When fusion splicing optical fibers having different MFDs and similar diffusion coefficients, it is difficult to achieve low connection loss by the above connection method.
- fluorine is added to the cladding of the optical fiber having a small MFD to make the diffusion rate of the dopant contained in the core of the optical fiber larger than that of the optical fiber having a large MFD.
- Methods for reducing connection loss are known. As an example of this method, there is a method of fusion splicing an erbium-doped optical fiber and a dispersion shift optical fiber in an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
- the MFD of the erbium-added optical fiber at the signal wavelength of 1550 nm is 5 ⁇
- the MFD of the dispersion-shifted optical fiber is 8 / m.
- fluorine is added to the cladding of the erbium-doped optical fiber in order to increase the diffusion speed when the dopant contained in the core diffuses into the cladding. Heating after fusion splicing of the erbium-doped optical fiber and the dispersion-shifted fiber causes the dopant contained in the core to diffuse into the cladding and expand the MFD. Since the speed is higher than the MFD expansion speed in the dispersion-shifted optical fiber, the connection loss is reduced to less than 0.05 dB.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
- the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier of this example includes an erbium-doped optical fiber 1, a 980 nm semiconductor laser 12 as a pumping light source for pumping the erbium-doped optical fiber 1, and a multiplexed pump light and signal light.
- the erbium-doped optical fiber 1 and the optical fiber power bra 3 are optical components composed of optical fibers. Also, the erbium-doped optical fiber 1 and the optical fiber force braider 3 are fused, and the optical fiber coupler 3 and the sinal mode optical fiber 4 are fusion-spliced.
- the MFD for the light in the wavelength of 15.5 nm band is about 10 ⁇ .
- the effective cutoff wavelength of the single mode optical fiber 3 is
- the effective cutoff wavelength is smaller than 980 nm. Must be small.
- the optical fiber coupler 3 is capable of single mode operation at a wavelength of 980 nm, and needs to guide light of a wavelength of 550 nm with low loss.
- the effective cutoff wavelength of the optical fiber coupler 3 is located on the much shorter wavelength side than 1550 nm, bending light having a wavelength of 155 nm is relatively bent. It tends to be large. Therefore, as the optical fiber used in the optical fiber coupler 3, it is necessary to use a fiber having a large relative refractive index difference between the core and the clad and a low bending loss of light in the wavelength band of 150 nm.
- the optical fiber forming the optical fiber coupler 3 In order to reduce the effective cutoff wavelength of the optical fiber power bra 3 to 980 nm or less while increasing the relative refractive index difference between the core and the clad of the optical fiber, the optical fiber forming the optical fiber coupler 3 must be It is necessary to reduce the core diameter, which inevitably reduces the MFD.
- the core doped with erbium needs to be pumped by the pumping light outputted from the 98 O nm semiconductor laser 2. Therefore, in general, the erbium-doped optical fiber 1 has a high numerical aperture structure in order to increase the pumping efficiency, and as a result, the MFD is reduced.
- these must be used in the fusion splicing of the erbium-doped optical fiber and the optical fiber power bra and the fusion splicing of the optical fiber power bra and the single mode optical fiber.
- the connection must be low-loss and the connection must have sufficient strength to withstand use.
- the size of the MFD for light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is about 10 ⁇ for a single-mode optical fiber, about 6.5 ⁇ for an optical fiber coupler, and about 5.5 im for an erbium-doped optical fiber. .
- Optical fiber couplers must be able to connect to both single-mode optical fibers and erbium-doped optical fibers with low loss and have sufficient strength to withstand use.
- the MFD of an optical fiber power bra has been small, but in order to reduce the bending loss of light in the wavelength band of 150 nm, the core and cladding of the optical fiber forming the optical fiber power bra have to be reduced. The relative refractive index difference is increased, and the numerical aperture is also increased. Therefore, connection loss can be reduced in the connection between the optical fiber power blur and the single mode optical fiber.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a change of the MFD with respect to the heating time of the optical fiber force bra and the single mode optical fiber.
- connection method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 29111932 is not always a connection method that can ensure a sufficient strength.
- the fusion splicing of the optical fiber power bra and the single mode optical fiber is performed using the connection method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 29111932, by the time the minimum connection loss is achieved, Requires a heating time of approximately 30 seconds.
- the splicing time is 2-3 seconds, and fusion splicing with low splice loss and sufficient strength can be performed.
- the time required for fusion splicing of an optical fiber power fiber and a single mode optical fiber is about 30 seconds, which is considerably longer than the time required for fusion splicing of similar optical fibers. Is not necessarily equal to the connection strength between the optical fibers. Furthermore, in the case of connection between an erbium-doped optical fiber and an optical fiber power bra, the connection method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2911192 also requires low loss and the connection portion can withstand use. It is difficult to have sufficient strength. This is because MFD of erbium-doped fiber and MFD of fiber optic fiber are relatively close! This is because, in addition to the value, both the erbium-doped optical fiber and the optical fiber coupler have a high numerical aperture.
- the concentration of the dopant contained in the core is high and the diffusion coefficient is large. Therefore, the time required to heat the connection portion is very short until the MFD of the Erbium-doped optical fiber and the fiber force brade coincide with each other and become the lowest loss.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the change in MFD with respect to the heating time of the optical fiber power bra and the erbium-doped optical fiber.
- High-Efficiency Erbium—Doped Fiber The method of adding fluorine to the cladding described in Amplifierusing Mode Field Diamter Adjusting Technique (Queen) can be applied to the optical fiber forming the optical fiber force bra. If the amount of addition is small, the effect of increasing the diffusion coefficient is insufficient.
- the relative refractive index difference between the core and the clad changes greatly, and as a result, the transmission characteristics also change. Further, if the diffusion coefficient of the optical fiber forming the optical fiber bra is simply made larger than the diffusion coefficient of the erbium-doped optical fiber, even if the heating time is changed, the optical fiber bra and the erb There was a problem that the MFD of the system-doped optical fiber did not match, and a connection with low connection loss could not be made. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to perform splicing with optical fibers having different mode field diameters, thereby achieving low splice, low splice loss and sufficient splicing strength.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber that can be used, an optical fiber power bra using the same, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, and an optical waveguide.
- the present invention takes the following measures.
- the present invention provides a core provided at the center and made of quartz-based glass containing at least germanium; an inner clad having a large diffusion coefficient provided concentrically with the core around the core; and a periphery of the inner clad.
- the optical fiber is characterized in that the inner cladding is made of quartz glass containing germanium, phosphorus and fluorine, and the outer cladding is made of quartz glass.
- the present invention provides an optical fiber, wherein the diameter of the inner cladding is 10 m to 40 m.
- the concentration of the germanium contained in the inner cladding may be 0.2 to: 1.5. Mass 0 /.
- the phosphorus concentration is 0.5 to 1.5 mass%, and the fluorine concentration is 0.1 to 1.0 mass. / 0 .
- an optical fiber having an outer diameter of 70 111 to 90 m.
- an optical fiber having two stress applying portions disposed symmetrically with respect to the core in a clad surrounding the core.
- the present invention provides an optical fiber coupler manufactured using the above optical fiber.
- the present invention provides an erbium-added calo optical fiber amplifier, which is manufactured using the optical fiber.
- an optical waveguide characterized in that the optical fiber is manufactured using the above optical fiber as a bigtil.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a part of an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
- ⁇ Figure 2 is a diagram showing the refractive index profile of an optical fiber.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in MFD with respect to a heating time at the time of fusion splicing of an erbium-doped optical fiber and an optical fiber of the present invention or a conventional optical fiber having a high aperture.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing how the MFD changes with the heating time of the optical fiber.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a PANDA type polarization maintaining optical fiber.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a Tap force plastic.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic new front view of the package of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
- Fig. 9 shows the relationship between the heating time of the optical fiber force bra and the heating time of the single mode optical fiber.
- Figure 10 shows the relationship between the heating time of the optical fiber force bra and the erbium-doped optical fiber.
- the optical fiber of the present invention is provided at the center, a core made of silica-based glass containing at least germanium, an inner cladding provided with a large diffusion coefficient around the core and concentrically with the core, and provided around the inner cladding.
- the MFD increases rapidly at the beginning of heating, and the degree of expansion of the MFD gradually decreases from the middle stage to the end stage of heating. This phenomenon is caused by the force that germanium added to the core diffuses into the clad when the heating starts.In the early stage of heating, germanium diffuses through the inner cladding, which has a large diffusion coefficient, so germanium moves. The speed is relatively fast, so the MFD increases rapidly.
- the MFD of the optical fiber of the present invention is larger at the beginning of heating. From the middle stage to the end stage of heating, the degree of expansion of the MFD of the optical fiber of the present invention gradually decreases, and eventually the MFD of the optical fiber of the present invention and the MFD of the erbium-doped optical fiber gradually increase. As a result, the connection loss at the connection between the two is reduced. In addition, since the connection between the two is sufficiently heated before the connection loss is reduced, it has sufficient strength.
- the MFD of the optical fiber of the present invention rapidly expands at the beginning of heating, so that the MF of the optical fiber of the present invention is relatively fast.
- D and MFD of a single mode optical fiber can be matched. Therefore, in order to enlarge the MFD of the optical fiber of the present invention, the time required for heating can be shortened. Fiber strength degradation can be suppressed. Therefore, fusion splicing with sufficient connection strength and low power loss can be performed.
- the inner cladding is made of quartz glass containing germanium (Ge), phosphorus (P) and fluorine (F), and the outer cladding is made of quartz (Si 2 ).
- germanium germanium
- P phosphorus
- F fluorine
- the outer cladding is made of quartz (Si 2 ).
- Si 2 quartz
- the germanium added to the core has a relatively high diffusion rate when diffusing into the inner cladding and a relatively slow diffusion rate when diffusing into the outer cladding.
- the optical fiber of the present invention preferably has a core diameter of 9 / m or less.
- the diameter of the inner cladding is 10 zn! To 40 ⁇ , more preferably 15 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ .
- the diameter of the inner cladding is less than 1 O / zm, the effect of suppressing MFD expansion occurs at the initial stage of the heating, and a sufficient connection strength is obtained in the fusion splicing of the optical fiber of the present invention with the erbium-doped optical fiber. The minimum connection loss will be reached before it can be obtained.
- the diameter of the inner cladding exceeds 40 ⁇ , the fusion splicing of the optical fiber of the present invention and the single mode optical fiber has the effect of suppressing the expansion of MFD by heating the optical fiber of the present invention. Before that, the MFD of the optical fiber of the present invention and the MFD of the single mode optical fiber match, and the minimum connection loss is reached before sufficient connection strength is obtained.
- the optical fiber of the present invention can be connected to a single-mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber with low loss and sufficient connection strength by setting the diameter of the inner cladding within the above range.
- an optical fiber coupler arranges two optical fibers in parallel, heats and fuses a part of it, and then stretches it while heating the fused part.
- Dopant in core of two optical fibers Is diffused into the cladding, and the MFD expands.
- the rate at which the MFD expands due to heating and stretching is related to the bond length of the optical fiber force bra (the length of the fusion-stretched portion). The higher the rate at which the MFD expands, the shorter the bond length becomes. be able to. Reducing the coupling length can reduce the size of the optical fiber force bra.
- the MFD at the end of the coupling portion (the portion corresponding to the crotch of the optical fiber force braid) will be expanded more than necessary.
- optical fiber of the present invention by setting the diameter of the inner cladding within the above range, it is possible to obtain a good optical fiber power bra having a small size and a small excess loss, and a single mode optical fiber, erbium.
- An optical fiber power bra can be connected to the added optical fiber with low loss and sufficient connection strength.
- the concentration of germanium contained in the inner cladding is 0.8 to 1.2% by mass
- the concentration of phosphorus is 0.8 to 1.2% by mass
- the concentration of fluorine is 0.3 to 0.3%. and more preferably 7 mass 0/0.
- the effect of suppressing the expansion of MFD by heating the optical fiber of the present invention is also related to the diffusion rate of the dopant in the inner cladding, and is therefore related to the concentration of germanium, phosphorus, and fluorine in the dopant contained in the inner cladding. are doing.
- the optical fiber of the present invention has low loss and sufficient connection strength with a single mode optical fiber and an erbium-doped optical fiber. Connection can be made.
- the concentration of the dopant germanium, phosphorus, and fluorine contained in the inner cladding is less than the lower limit of the above range, the diffusion rate of the dopant in the inner cladding does not increase so much, and the optical fiber of the present invention and the erbium-doped optical fiber In the case of fusion splicing, the minimum connection loss is reached before sufficient connection strength is obtained.
- the concentrations of the dopants germanium, phosphorus, and fluorine contained in the inner cladding exceed the upper limit of the above range, the fusion splicing of the optical fiber of the present invention and the single mode optical fiber is completed.
- the MFD of the optical fiber of the present invention and the MFD of the single mode optical fiber are brought into contact with each other, and sufficient connection strength is obtained. The connection loss will eventually reach the minimum.
- the optical fiber of the present invention has an outer diameter of 70! It is preferably from 90 to ⁇ , more preferably from 75 to 85 ⁇ .
- optical fiber type optical components such as Erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers
- downsizing of the device is required.
- An optical fiber that can be connected and has a connection strength can be obtained.
- the optical fiber of the present invention having an outer diameter of 70 ⁇ to 90 ⁇ is used, it is possible to reduce the size of the fusion-stretched optical fiber force bra.
- the miniaturization of the fusion drawn optical fiber cover is achieved by shortening the bond length (length of the fusion drawn portion).
- the optical fiber of the present invention has an outer diameter of 125 Aim of the conventional optical fiber. Outer diameter 7 0 ⁇ ⁇ ! Since it is as small as ⁇ 90 ⁇ , the coupling length for generating mode coupling can be shorter than that of the conventional optical fiber, and therefore, the optical fiber power bra can be miniaturized.
- the optical fiber of the present invention is preferably a polarization-maintaining optical fiber having two stress applying portions disposed symmetrically with respect to the core in a cladding surrounding the core. Good.
- a polarization interleaving multiplex transmission technology As one of the high-density wavelength multiplexing transmission technologies.
- a polarization-maintaining, erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier that can amplify the signal light while maintaining the polarization plane is indispensable. Therefore, the main components of the polarization-maintaining erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, such as the erbium-doped optical fiber and the optical fiber power bra, need to be of the polarization-maintaining type.
- a so-called PAND A type optical fiber or a Bow-Tie type optical fiber having two stress applying portions symmetrically arranged with respect to the core in a cladding surrounding the core It is known that a polarization-maintaining optical component can be obtained by manufacturing an optical component using a polarization-maintaining optical fiber called an optical fiber. Also, a polarization-maintaining erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier! / Even so, when connecting each component, it is required to make a connection with low loss and sufficient connection strength. From the above, if the optical fiber of the present invention is a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, it can be suitably used as an optical fiber constituting a polarization-maintaining erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
- the optical fiber power bra of the present invention is a fusion-stretchable optical fiber power bra manufactured using the optical fiber of the present invention.
- the optical fiber of the present invention can be connected to a single mode optical fiber or an optical fiber with erbium with low loss and sufficient connection strength
- the optical fiber power bra of the present invention similarly has low loss and low loss.
- An optical fiber cover that can be connected with a sufficient connection strength can be obtained.
- the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier of the present invention is manufactured using the optical fiber of the present invention, and is generally composed of a fiber type optical component and a non-fiber type optical component.
- the MFDs of the optical components that make up the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier are different. Therefore, in erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers, it is essential to connect components with different MFDs with low loss and sufficient connection strength.
- the optical fiber of the present invention is connected between components. By connecting each part by inserting it into the part, it is possible to realize a connection having a lower loss force and a sufficient connection strength than connecting the parts directly, and as a result, the performance can be improved.
- the optical waveguide of the present invention is manufactured using the optical fiber of the present invention as a bigtile, and is a fiber-type optical component in which at least two or more types of optical fibers or optical components having different MFDs are connected. It is.
- an optical waveguide needs to introduce a wavelength of 1550 nm from a single mode optical fiber used for optical communication into the optical waveguide.
- the MFD is different between a single mode optical fiber and an optical waveguide. Therefore, if an optical waveguide manufactured using the optical fiber of the present invention as a bigtil is used, this optical waveguide can be connected to a sinal mode optical fiber with low loss and sufficient connection strength.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a part of an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
- the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier of this example includes an erbium-doped optical fiber 11, an optical fiber coupler 12 formed by fusing and stretching optical fibers 14 and 14, and an optical fiber coupler 12 of the present invention. It comprises a single mode optical fiber 13 connected to the optical fiber 14.
- the optical fiber coupler 12 As shown in FIG. 1, in the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier of this example, the optical fiber coupler 12, the erbium-doped optical fiber 11 and the single-mode optical fiber 13 are connected by a fusion splicer 16. It is connected.
- the connection loss and connection strength of the optical fiber force bra 12 are the same as the connection loss and connection strength of the optical fibers 14 and 14 forming the same. Therefore, the optical fiber of the present invention and the conventional optical fiber having a high numerical aperture are prepared as the optical fibers 14 and 14 forming the optical fiber force brawler 12, and the two optical fibers of the present invention are provided.
- An optical fiber coupler 12 comprising a fiber and an optical fiber force brar 12 comprising two conventional optical fibers having a high numerical aperture were fabricated.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the refractive index profile of the optical fiber
- Fig. 3 shows the refractive index profile of the optical fiber of the invention
- b shows the refractive index profile of the conventional optical fiber having a high numerical aperture.
- the optical fiber of the present invention is an optical fiber in which the outer periphery of the core is surrounded by a cladding having a smaller refractive index than the core, and the cladding has inner cladding and outer cladding having different compositions.
- the cladding has a two-layer structure.
- Core, germanium (Ge) and Fluorine (F) is formed by ⁇ Ka ⁇ quartz glass (S i 0 2 / Ge0 2 / F), the content of the dopant, Germa two ⁇ arm 12 mass 0/0, the fluorine was 2 mass% 0.1.
- the inner cladding, germanium, phosphorus (P) and fluorine are formed by ⁇ Ka ⁇ quartz glass (S i Q 2 / G e 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F), the content of the dopant About 1% by weight of germanium, about 1% by weight of phosphorus, and about 0.5% by weight of fluorine.
- the outer cladding is made of quartz glass (Si 2 ).
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ between the inner cladding and the outer cladding was almost nil, and the diameter of the inner cladding was 20 ⁇ m.
- a conventional optical fiber having a high numerical aperture is an optical fiber in which the outer peripheral side of a core is surrounded by a cladding having a smaller refractive index than the core.
- Cladding is formed by a pure silica glass (S i 0 2).
- Table 1 shows the characteristics of the optical fibers that make up the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier shown in Fig. 1.
- Table 1 Types of optical fibers Relative refractive index difference ⁇ Numerical aperture Core diameter MFD Effective cutoff wavelength
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the clad is 1.0%
- the core diameter is 3.5 / m
- the numerical aperture is 0.2 1
- the effective cutoff wavelength is 0.92 im
- the MFD for light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is 6.5 ⁇ m.
- An erbium-doped optical fiber 11 and a single-mode optical fiber 13 are fusion-spliced to an optical fiber coupler 12 fabricated using one of these two types of optical fibers, respectively, and the connection at the fusion splicing section 16 is performed. Loss and connection strength measurements were made. The procedure for measuring the connection loss and the connection strength at the fusion spliced section 16 will be described. After treating each end face of the connected optical fiber with a fiber cleaver or the like to make it flat, the optical fiber is attached to a normal arc discharge type fusion splicer, and the optical fibers are connected to each other in the presence of arc. The splice was continued and the arc was maintained to perform heat treatment to further expand the MFD.
- the arc current during the heat treatment was selected so that the temperature of the optical fiber rose to the glass softening point of about 1400 to 160 ° C.
- the propagation loss of the The change was measured, and the lowest connection loss of the fusion spliced part 16 was determined when the propagation loss became the lowest.
- the change in propagation loss with respect to the arc maintenance time was also measured, and the arc maintenance time up to the minimum connection loss was defined as the minimum connection loss time.
- 50 fusion spliced optical fibers were prepared, each of which was completed with the minimum splice loss time, and a tensile test was performed on these fusion spliced portions 16.
- the fusion spliced sample was fixed on a known tensile tester, the sample was pulled at a tensile speed at which the elongation strain amounted to 5% in 1 minute, and the tension at break was recorded.
- a test was performed on the 50 prepared optical fibers, and the breaking tension at which the cumulative breaking probability became 50% was calculated.
- the cumulative breaking probability is a probability of breaking at a certain breaking tension or less.
- the relationship between the cumulative fracture probability and the fracture tension is obtained from the fracture tension data for 50 pieces obtained by the tensile test according to the Weibull analysis procedure. Table 2 shows the results.
- Erbium-doped fiber of the present invention 0.1 2 2.5
- the minimum connection loss of the optical fiber of the present invention is 0.1 dB when connecting to a single-mode optical fiber, and the minimum connection loss of the conventional optical fiber with a high numerical aperture is 0.2 dB.
- the minimum connection loss time is the light of the present invention: Is 10 seconds, while that of the conventional optical fiber with a high numerical aperture is 30 seconds. This is because the MFD of the optical fiber of the present invention matches the MFD of the single mode optical fiber relatively quickly because the optical fiber of the present invention has a higher diffusion rate of the dopant contained in the core.
- the breaking tension at which the cumulative breaking probability becomes 50% is 2.4 GPa when the optical fiber of the present invention and the single mode optical fiber are fusion-spliced, and the light having a high numerical aperture of the conventional method is used.
- the OGPa was 2.
- the breaking tension at the connection part between the single mode optical fibers is 2.5 GPa.
- the connection strength of the optical fiber and the sinal mode optical fiber was almost the same. Therefore, it has been confirmed that the optical fiber of the present invention can achieve low loss and sufficient strength in connection with a single mode optical fiber.
- the minimum connection loss of the optical fiber of the present invention is 0.1 dB
- the minimum connection loss of the conventional optical fiber having a high numerical aperture is 0.2 dB. Met.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in MFD with respect to a heating time at the time of fusion splicing of an erbium-doped optical fiber and an optical fiber of the present invention or a conventional optical fiber having a high aperture.
- the minimum connection loss time was 2 seconds for the optical fiber of the present invention, and 1 second for the conventional optical fiber having a high numerical aperture.
- the diffusion rate of the dopant in the core of the erbium-doped optical fiber is much faster than that of the conventional high numerical aperture optical fiber, so that the MFD matches in a short time.
- the diffusion rate of the dopant contained in the core in the initial stage of heating is higher than that of the conventional optical fiber having a high numerical aperture, it matches the MFD of the erbium-doped optical fiber.
- the connection time can be relatively longer than that of a conventional optical fiber having a high numerical aperture, and as a result, the minimum connection loss time can be relatively long.
- the breaking tension at which the cumulative breaking probability becomes 50% is the optical fiber of the present invention.
- the strength is 2.5 GPa, which is considered to have a relatively high connection strength. It had the same strength.
- the strength was 1.2 GPa, which was extremely low. This is because the minimum connection loss time between the conventional high-numerical-aperture optical fiber and the erbium-doped optical fiber is short! The reason is that sufficient connection strength is not obtained.
- the conventional connection between an optical fiber having a high numerical aperture and an erbium-doped optical fiber has a low connection strength even with low connection loss, and cannot be used.
- the optical fiber of the present invention could be connected to the erbium-doped optical fiber with low connection loss and sufficient connection strength.
- the diameters of the inner cladding were 10 ⁇ , 20 ⁇ m, and 40 m, respectively.
- the optical fiber of the present invention is an optical fiber in which the outer periphery of the core is surrounded by a cladding having a smaller refractive index than the core, and the cladding has an inner cladding having a different yarn composition.
- the outer cladding has a two-layer structure.
- the core is formed by a germanium (G e) and fluorine (F) added is silica-based glass (S i 0 2 / G e 0 2 / F), the content of the dopant, Germanicus two ⁇ beam 1 2 weight 0/0, fluorine was 0.2 mass 0/0.
- the inner cladding, germanium is formed by phosphorus (P) and fluorine added quartz glass (S i O z / G e 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F), the content of the dopant, germanium was about 1% by mass, phosphorus was about 1% by mass, and fluorine was about 0.5% by mass.
- Outer cladding is formed of silica glass (S i 0 2).
- the refractive index difference ⁇ between the inner cladding and the outer cladding is almost nil.
- the structure of the core of all optical fibers was the same as that of the optical fiber of the present invention in Example 1.
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the core is 1.0%, the numerical aperture is 0.21, the core diameter is 3.5111,
- the MFD (@ 1 550 nm) was 6.5 ⁇ m, and the effective cutoff wavelength was 0.92111.
- each of the optical fibers having a different diameter of the inner cladding was fusion-spliced to a single mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber, and the connection loss and connection strength at that time were measured.
- the measurement procedure was the same as in Example 1. Table 3 shows the results.
- the optical fiber with the inner cladding diameter of 20 ⁇ m had the best connection loss, but the inner cladding diameter was 10 ⁇ , and the difference from 40 111 was about 0.02 dB. Met.
- the connection strength was good for all three types. Therefore, the optical fiber of the present invention in which the diameter of the inner clad is 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m is suitable for connection with a single mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber, and has low loss and sufficient strength.
- Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1
- Example 2 Two types of optical fibers having the same structure as in Example 2 and differing from Example 2 only in the diameter of the inner cladding were prepared.
- the diameter of the inner cladding was 5 ⁇ and 45 m, respectively.
- each of the optical fibers having a different diameter of the inner cladding was fusion-spliced to a single mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber, and the connection loss and connection strength at that time were measured.
- the measurement procedure was the same as in Example 1. Table 4 shows the results.
- connection loss was higher than in Example 2 and that the connection strength was lower than 2.0 GPa.
- an optical fiber whose inner cladding diameter is out of the range of 10 im to 40 / zm is suitable for connection with a single mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber! It was confirmed that the connection characteristics were inferior to the optical fiber of the present invention.
- Optical fiber A is the inner cladding, germanium, phosphorus (P) and fluorine our Ri formed by the added silica glass (S i 0 2 / Ge 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F), the dopant
- the content is 0.2 mass for germanium. /. , Phosphorus 0.5 mass 0/0, fluorine was 1 wt% 0.1.
- Optical fiber B is the inner cladding, Genoremaniumu, Ri Contact is formed by phosphorus (P) and fluorine added quartz glass (S i 0 2 / G e 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F), the dopant About 1 mass% of germanium and about 1 mass of phosphorus. /. And about 0.5% by mass of fluorine.
- Optical fibers C is the inner cladding, germanium, Ri Contact is formed by phosphorus (P) and fluorine added quartz glass (S i 0 2 / G e 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F), the dopant the content of germanium is 1.5 wt%, phosphorus 1.5 mass 0/0, fluorine was 0 wt% 1.
- the core is formed by a germanium (G e) and fluorine (F) added is silica-based glass (S i 0 2 ZGe0 2 ZF ), the content of the dopant, Germa two ⁇ arm 12 mass 0/0, fluorine was 0.2 mass 0/0.
- Outer cladding is formed of silica glass (S i 0 2).
- the refractive index difference ⁇ between the inner cladding and the outer cladding is almost nil.
- All the core structures were the same as those of the optical fiber of the present invention shown in Table 1.
- the relative refractive index difference of the core is 1.0%
- the numerical aperture is 0.21
- the core diameter is 3.5 m
- the MFD (@ 1550 nm) is 6.5 ⁇ m
- the effective cutoff wavelength is 0.92 ⁇ m
- the diameter of the inner cladding was 20 m.
- each optical fiber having a different dopant content in the inner cladding was fusion-spliced to a single-mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber, and the connection loss and connection strength at that time were measured. went.
- the measurement procedure was the same as in Example 1.
- Table 5 shows the results. Table 5 Minimum connection to be connected according to the present invention Minimum connection Grace confirmation ⁇
- optical fiber B showed the best connection loss, but the difference from optical fiber A or optical fiber C was about 0.02 dB. Regarding the connection strength, all three were good.
- the concentration of germanium contained in the core from 3.0 to 21.0 mass 0/0, the concentration of 0 to 1.0 wt% of fluorine, about dopant concentration in the inner cladding, the concentration of germanium 0.
- the optical fiber of the present invention having a concentration of 2 to 1.5% by mass, a concentration of phosphorus of 0.5 to 1.0% by mass, and a concentration of fluorine of 0.1 to 1.0% by mass is a dalmode optical fiber or an erbium-doped light. It was confirmed that low loss and sufficient strength were obtained in connection with the fiber.
- Example 3 In the optical fiber having the structure as in Example 3, the content of the dopant in the inner cladding is reduced. Only two types of optical fibers D and E differing from Example 3 were prepared.
- Optical fiber D is the inner cladding is formed by phosphorus (P) and fluorine added quartz glass (S i Oa / PsOs / F ), the content of the dopant, phosphorus 0.2 mass 0 / 0, fluorine was 0.05 mass 0/0.
- Optical fiber E is the inner cladding, germanium, phosphorus (P) and fluorine our Ri formed by the added silica glass (S i 0 2 ⁇ ⁇ 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F), the dopant
- the content is about 2.0 mass germanium 0 /.
- the content of phosphorus was about 2.0% by mass, and the content of fluorine was about 1.2% by mass.
- each of the optical fibers having different dopant contents in the inner cladding was fusion-spliced to a single-mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber, and the connection loss and connection strength at that time were measured.
- the measurement procedure was the same as in Example 1.
- Table 6 shows the results. Table 6 Connected Connected Minimum connection Minimum connection Cumulative failure probability
- Optical fiber (1) Optical fiber (2) Loss Loss time is 50%
- Optical fiber E Erbium-doped 0.15 3.5 2.4
- connection loss was higher than that of Example 3 and that the connection strength was lower than that of 2. OGPa in some cases. Therefore, the core dopant concentration of germanium is 12 mass 0/0 . , Fluorine was 2 mass% 0., dopant concentration 0. 2 germanium is 1.5 mass 0 / o of the inner cladding, phosphorus 0. 5: 1.5 mass 0/0, the fluorine 0. It was confirmed that the connection characteristics of the optical fiber out of the range of! To 1.0% by mass were inferior to those of the optical fiber of the present invention in connection with a single mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber.
- FIG. 4 shows the change in the mode field diameter (MFD) of the optical fibers A to E with respect to the heating time.
- optical fibers A, B, and C which are the optical fibers of the present invention, obtain low loss and sufficient strength in fusion splicing with a single mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber.
- This PANDA polarization-maintaining optical fiber has a core 21 having a diameter of 3 mm, an inner cladding 22, an outer cladding 23 having a diameter of 125 ⁇ m, and two stress applying portions 24 symmetrically arranged with respect to the core 21. 24 optical fibers.
- the diameter of the inner cladding 22 was 10 ⁇ , 20 Mm, and 40 // ⁇ , respectively.
- germanium is formed by phosphorus (P) and fluorine ⁇ Ka ⁇ been quartz glass (S i 0 2 / G e 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F), the dopant bets
- P phosphorus
- fluorine ⁇ Ka ⁇ been quartz glass S i 0 2 / G e 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F
- the contents were about 1% by mass of germanium, about 1% by mass of phosphorus, and about 0.5% by mass of fluorine.
- Outer cladding 23 is made of quartz glass (S i 0 2).
- Two stress applying section 24, 24 is formed of silica-based glass, boron is added (S i 0 2 / B 2 0 3).
- the refractive index difference ⁇ between the inner cladding 22 and the outer cladding 23 is almost nil. It has become.
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the core was 1.0%, the MFD (@ 1550 nm) was 6.5 ⁇ m, and the effective cutoff wavelength was 0.92 ⁇ m.
- each of the PANDA polarization-maintaining optical fibers having a different inner cladding diameter was fusion-spliced to a single-mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber, and the connection loss and connection strength at that time. was measured. The measurement procedure was the same as in Example 1. Table 7 shows the results. Table 7
- the optical fiber with the inner cladding 22 diameter of 20 m had the best connection loss, but the difference from the inner cladding 22 diameters of 10 m and 40 m was about 0.02 dB. there were.
- the connection strength was good for all three types. Therefore, within The PAND A type polarization maintaining optical fiber with the side cladding 22 having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m has low loss and sufficient strength when connected to a single mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber. Can be obtained.
- Two types of PANDA type polarization-maintaining optical fibers were prepared, which differed from Example 4 only in the diameter of the inner clad.
- the diameters of the inner cladding were 5 ⁇ m and 45 zm, respectively.
- each of the PANDA-type polarization-maintaining optical fibers having a different diameter of the inner cladding was fusion-spliced to a single-mode optical fiber or an erbium-added optical fiber, and the connection loss and the The connection strength was measured.
- the measurement procedure was the same as in Example 1.
- Table 8 shows the results. Table 8
- connection loss was higher than in Example 4 and the connection strength was lower than 2. OGPa in some cases.
- the diameter of the inner clad is outside the range of 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, It was confirmed that the connection characteristics of the wave-maintaining optical fiber with the sinal mode optical fiber and the erbium-doped optical fiber were inferior to those of the PAND A type polarization maintaining optical fiber of the present invention. .
- Three types of optical fibers F, G, and H with different dopant contents in the inner cladding were prepared as PANDA-type polarization maintaining optical fibers having the structure shown in Fig. 5.
- Optical fiber F the inner cladding 22, germanium, are formed by phosphorus (P) and silica-based glass fluorine was added (S i 0 2 / G e 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F), The dopant content was set to 0.2% by mass of germanium, 0.5% by mass of phosphorus, and 0.1% by mass of fluorine.
- Optical fiber G, the inner cladding 22, germanium are formed by phosphorus (P) and hydrofluoric Motoga ⁇ Ka ⁇ quartz glass (S i 0 2 / G e 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F) cage, the content of the dopant, germanium about 1 wt%, phosphorus is about 1 weight 0/0, fluorine was about 0.5 wt%.
- Optical fiber H, the inner cladding 22, germanium are formed by phosphorus (P) and hydrofluoric Motoga ⁇ Ka ⁇ quartz glass (S i 0 2 / G e 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F)
- the dopant contents were 1.5 mass% for germanium, 1.5 mass% for phosphorus, and 1.0 mass% for fluorine.
- the core is formed of silica-based glass (SiO / Ge / O / F) to which germanium (Ge) and fluorine (F) are added, and the content of dopant is reduced by germanium. 12 mass 0/0, the fluorine was 2 mass% 0.1.
- the outer cladding 23 is formed of quartz glass (Si 2 ).
- the refractive index difference ⁇ between the inner cladding 22 and the outer cladding 23 is almost nil.
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the core 21 was 1.0%, the MFD (@ 1550 nm) was 6.5 m, and the effective cutoff wavelength was 0.92 ⁇ .
- the diameter of the inner cladding 22 was defined as As in Example 1, each of the PAND A-type polarization-maintaining optical fibers having a different dopant content in the inner cladding was fusion-spliced to a single-mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber, and the connection loss at that time was And the connection strength were measured. The measurement procedure was the same as in Example 1. Table 9 shows the results. Table 9
- optical fiber G showed the best connection loss, but the difference from optical: F or optical fiber H was about 0.02 dB. Regarding the connection strength, all three were good.
- the concentration of germanium contained in the core 21 from 3.0 to 21.0 mass 0/0, the concentration of fluorine from 0 to 1.0 mass 0/0, and have a dopant concentration Nitsu included in the inner cladding, germanium
- the concentration is 0.2 to 1.5 mass%, and the phosphorus concentration is 0.5 to 1.5. 5 Mass 0/0, 0.
- the concentration of fluorine:! PANDA type polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the present invention and ⁇ 1.0 wt%, in connection with the single-mode fiber or Erubiumu doped optical Huai Ba, low Loss power It was confirmed that sufficient strength was obtained.
- Two types of PANDA-type polarization maintaining optical fibers I and J were prepared using the PANDA type polarization maintaining optical fiber having the structure as in Example 5 and differing from Example 3 only in the content of the dopant in the inner cladding 22.
- the inner cladding 22 is formed by phosphorus (P) and fluorine added quartz glass (S I_ ⁇ 2 / P 2 0 5 ZF) , a containing organic amount of dopant, phosphorus
- P phosphorus
- S I_ ⁇ 2 / P 2 0 5 ZF fluorine added quartz glass
- Optical fiber J is the inner cladding 22, germanium, are formed by phosphorus (P) and silica-based glass fluorine was added (S i 0 2 / G e 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F), the content of the dopant, germanium about 2.0 weight 0/0, the phosphorus of about 2.0 wt 0/0, fluorine was about 1.2 wt%.
- each of the PAND A-type polarization-maintaining optical fibers having a different dopant content in the inner cladding 22 was fusion-spliced to a single-mode optical fiber or an Erbium-doped optical fiber.
- the connection loss and connection strength were measured.
- the measurement procedure was the same as in Example 1. Table 10 shows the results.
- Loss Loss time is 50 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2
- connection loss was higher than that of Example 5 and that the connection strength was lower than 2 ⁇ OGPa.
- An optical power combining / branching power structure having a structure as shown in FIG. 6 was manufactured.
- This optical power splitting power bra is called a Tap power bra and is an optical fiber power bra for extracting a very small amount of light for line monitoring.
- This tap force plastic was manufactured so as to extract 1% of the power of the signal light wavelength of 155 Onm.
- optical power combining / branching power a 1550 nm wavelength signal is Light is incident, and 1% of the optical power split by the optical fiber coupler 35 is emitted from the third port 33, and the remaining optical power is emitted from the second port 32.
- This Tap coupler was manufactured using the optical fiber of the present invention.
- This optical fiber has an outer diameter of 80 ⁇ m, which is smaller than the outer diameter 125 of a conventional optical fiber.
- This optical fiber consists of a core with a diameter of about 7, an inner cladding with a diameter of 20 ⁇ , and an outer cladding with a diameter of 80 ⁇ .
- the core is formed by a germanium (G e) and fluorine (F) added is silica-based glass (S i 0 2 / G e 0 2 / F), the content of the dopant, Germanicus two ⁇ beam 6.3 mass 0/0, fluorine was 0.2 mass 0/0.
- the inner cladding, germanium, phosphorus (P) and fluorine are formed by ⁇ Ka ⁇ quartz glass (S i 0 2 / G e 0 2 / P 2 0 5 / F), the content of the dopant About 1% by weight of germanium, about 1% by weight of phosphorus. /. The content of fluorine was about 0.5% by mass.
- Outer cladding is formed of silica glass (S i 0 2).
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the core was 0.54%
- the MFD (@ 1550 nm) was 8.3 ⁇ m
- the effective cutoff wavelength was 1.34 ⁇ .
- the inner cladding and the outer cladding had substantially the same refractive index.
- Two optical fibers were prepared, arranged in parallel, and fused and stretched to obtain a signal light wavelength of 155.
- a Tap force plastic for extracting 1% of the optical power of 0 nm was prepared.
- the coupling length of this Tap force bra was 5 mm. Since the optical fiber of the present invention has an inner cladding and an outer diameter of 80 ⁇ m, the coupling length can be shortened, and as a result, the tap force bra can be miniaturized. .
- This Tap coupler was manufactured using a conventional optical fiber.
- the optical fiber used in this comparative example has an outer diameter of 125, and is composed of a core having a diameter of about 7.2 ⁇ 111 and a cladding having a diameter of 125 ⁇ .
- the core is made of silica glass (S) doped with germanium (Ge) and fluorine (F).
- Cladding is formed by a pure silica glass (S i 0 2).
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the core is 0.54%
- the MFD (@ 1550 nm) is 8.3 ⁇ m
- the effective cutoff wavelength is 1.
- Two optical fibers were prepared, arranged in parallel, and fused and stretched to obtain a signal light wavelength of 155.
- a Tap force plastic for extracting 1% of the optical power of 0 nm was prepared.
- the coupling length of this Tap force bra was 14 mm. Compared with Example 6, it was found that the conventional optical fiber was insufficient to reduce the Tap force bra with a longer coupling length.
- An erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 40 having the structure shown in FIG. 7 was manufactured.
- This erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 40 is composed of a wavelength multiplexing coupler (Wave Length Entrance Division Multiplexing Coupler, hereinafter abbreviated as “WDM power plug”) 41 and other components 42. It is housed in 43. Further, the dimensions of the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 40 were set to 70111111 length, 90111111 width, and 12111111 width.
- WDM power plug Wide Length Entrance Division Multiplexing Coupler
- a 980 nm laser diode for excitation As other components 42, a 980 nm laser diode for excitation, an optical isolator, a Tap coupler, and the like were used. In order to insert many parts, the extra length optical fiber portion of the WDM coupler 41 was wound and stored along a cylindrical member 44 with a radius of 1 Omm to secure a space.
- the WDM force bra 41 was manufactured using the optical fiber of the present invention.
- This optical fiber 45 has an outer diameter of 80 m, which is smaller than the outer diameter 125 of a conventional optical fiber.
- the optical fiber 45 is an optical fiber including a core having a diameter of about 3. l ⁇ m, an inner cladding having a diameter of 20, and an outer cladding having a diameter of 80 ⁇ .
- Core, germanium (Ge) and is formed by fluorine (F) added is silica-based glass (S i 0 2 / Ge0 2 ZF), the content of the dopant, Germa two ⁇ beam is 14 mass%, The content of fluorine was 0.2% by mass.
- the inner cladding, germanium is formed by phosphorus (P) Oyopi fluorine-added silica glass (S i O Bruno G e 0 2 / P, O s / F), the dopant
- P phosphorus
- S i O Bruno G e 0 2 / P, O s / F Oyopi fluorine-added silica glass
- the content was about 1% by mass of germanium, about 1% by mass of phosphorus, and about 0.5% by mass of fluorine.
- Outer cladding is formed of silica glass (S i 0 2).
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the core was 1.25%, the MFD (@ 1550 nm) was 6.0 ⁇ m, and the effective cutoff wavelength was 0.92 ⁇ m.
- the inner cladding and the outer cladding had substantially the same refractive index.
- the bending loss of the optical fiber 45 at a bending radius of 1 OmmX 5 turns is 0.05 dB at a wavelength of 1.610 ⁇ , and is smaller than 0.05 dB at a wavelength shorter than the wavelength of 1.610 ⁇ . is there.
- Two optical fibers 45 were prepared, arranged in parallel, and fused and stretched to produce a WDM coupler 41 for multiplexing and demultiplexing an excitation light wavelength of 980 nm and a signal light wavelength of 1550 nm.
- the WDM force plug of the present invention using the optical fiber 45 having an outer diameter of 80 / m has a low failure rate.
- the WDM force plug using the optical fiber of the present invention has a coupling length of 5.4 mm, which is much shorter than the conventional WDM force bra.
- the optical fiber of the present invention is provided with an inner cladding and has an outer diameter of 80 ⁇ m, so that the coupling length can be shortened.
- the WDM coupler 41 of the seventh embodiment has a very short coupling length of 5.4 mm. The entire M coupler 41 has been reduced in size.
- the connection with the optical fiber having a different MFD is also made to the WDM coupler 41 of the embodiment.
- the WDM coupler 4 1 about 1 wt% of germanium arm of the inner cladding in the same manner as in Example 1, phosphorus about 1 weight 0/0, since fluorine is used about 0.5 wt% and the optical fiber
- a connection having substantially the same low loss and sufficient strength as in Example 1 could be performed.
- the WDM force bra using the optical fiber of the present invention having the inner cladding and the outer diameter of 80 ⁇ is smaller than the conventional WDM force bra, has a smaller allowable bending radius, and has excellent connection characteristics. It was confirmed to have. Therefore, the WD powerful bra of the present invention can be applied to an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier having a smaller size than before.
- the optical fiber of the present invention includes a core made of quartz-based glass containing at least germanium, and an inner cladding provided around the core and concentric with the core and having a large diffusion coefficient.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03762890A EP1533634B1 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2003-07-07 | Optical fiber, optical fiber coupler including the same, erbium loaded optical fiber amplifier and light guide |
| JP2004519289A JP3993198B2 (ja) | 2002-07-09 | 2003-07-07 | 光ファイバおよびこれを用いた光ファイバカプラ、エルビウム添加光ファイバ増幅器、光導波路 |
| AU2003252476A AU2003252476A1 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2003-07-07 | Optical fiber, optical fiber coupler including the same, erbium loaded optical fiber amplifier and light guide |
| US11/028,756 US7346258B2 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2005-01-05 | Optical fiber and optical fiber coupler, erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, and optical waveguide using the same |
| US11/276,165 US7406236B2 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2006-02-16 | Optical fiber and optical fiber coupler, erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, and optical waveguide using the same |
| US11/864,375 US7711238B2 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2007-09-28 | Optical fiber and optical fiber coupler, erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, and optical waveguide using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002199959 | 2002-07-09 | ||
| JP2002-199959 | 2002-07-09 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/028,756 Continuation US7346258B2 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2005-01-05 | Optical fiber and optical fiber coupler, erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, and optical waveguide using the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004005984A1 true WO2004005984A1 (ja) | 2004-01-15 |
Family
ID=30112496
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/008598 Ceased WO2004005984A1 (ja) | 2002-07-09 | 2003-07-07 | 光ファイバおよびこれを用いた光ファイバカプラ、エルビウム添加光ファイバ増幅器、光導波路 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1533634B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3993198B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100347574C (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2003252476A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004005984A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018042788A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-08 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバ |
| JP2018063455A (ja) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-04-19 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバ |
| JP2018159926A (ja) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-10-11 | 株式会社フジクラ | 偏波保持ファイバ、光デバイス、偏波保持ファイバの母材、及び製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070003198A1 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-04 | Lance Gibson | Low loss optical fiber designs and methods for their manufacture |
| JP2008177434A (ja) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-31 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 増幅用光ファイバおよび光ファイバ増幅器 |
| JP2014059479A (ja) * | 2012-09-18 | 2014-04-03 | Fujitsu Ltd | 光コネクタの製造方法及び光コネクタ |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5711848A (en) * | 1980-06-24 | 1982-01-21 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Fiber for optical communication |
| US5289558A (en) * | 1991-10-05 | 1994-02-22 | Krone Aktiengesellshaft | Switching assembly for glass fiber cables of the telecommunication and data technology |
| US5381503A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1995-01-10 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Mode field diameter conversion fiber |
| JPH09236721A (ja) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-09-09 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 単一モード光ファイバ及び単一モード光ファイバのコア拡大方法 |
| US5933561A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1999-08-03 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Optical fiber connecting body |
| JP2001066439A (ja) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-03-16 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | 分散制御光ファイバ及びその大口径母材の製造方法 |
| US20020001444A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-03 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber, optical transmission line and dispersion compensating module |
| US20020025131A1 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-02-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber and optical component including the same |
| EP1207597A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-05-22 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Light amplifying optical fiber and light amplifier using it |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60154215A (ja) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-08-13 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | フアイバ形方向性結合器 |
| EP0762159B1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 2003-10-22 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Dispersion-compensating fiber and method of fabricating the same |
| JP3773575B2 (ja) * | 1996-01-12 | 2006-05-10 | 富士通株式会社 | ドープファイバ、そのスプライシング方法及び光増幅器 |
| TW342460B (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1998-10-11 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | A dispersion shift fiber |
| JP4372267B2 (ja) * | 1999-06-16 | 2009-11-25 | 株式会社フジクラ | 伝搬モード変換素子およびその製造方法 |
| EP1202089A1 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2002-05-02 | PIRELLI CAVI E SISTEMI S.p.A. | Optical fibre filter |
-
2003
- 2003-07-07 EP EP03762890A patent/EP1533634B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-07 AU AU2003252476A patent/AU2003252476A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-07 CN CNB038153947A patent/CN100347574C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-07 WO PCT/JP2003/008598 patent/WO2004005984A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-07-07 JP JP2004519289A patent/JP3993198B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5711848A (en) * | 1980-06-24 | 1982-01-21 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Fiber for optical communication |
| US5289558A (en) * | 1991-10-05 | 1994-02-22 | Krone Aktiengesellshaft | Switching assembly for glass fiber cables of the telecommunication and data technology |
| US5381503A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1995-01-10 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Mode field diameter conversion fiber |
| JPH09236721A (ja) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-09-09 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 単一モード光ファイバ及び単一モード光ファイバのコア拡大方法 |
| US5933561A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1999-08-03 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Optical fiber connecting body |
| JP2001066439A (ja) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-03-16 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | 分散制御光ファイバ及びその大口径母材の製造方法 |
| US20020001444A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-03 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber, optical transmission line and dispersion compensating module |
| EP1207597A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-05-22 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Light amplifying optical fiber and light amplifier using it |
| US20020025131A1 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-02-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber and optical component including the same |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018042788A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-08 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバ |
| JP2018036401A (ja) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-08 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバ |
| US10670812B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2020-06-02 | Fujikura Ltd. | Optical fiber |
| JP2018159926A (ja) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-10-11 | 株式会社フジクラ | 偏波保持ファイバ、光デバイス、偏波保持ファイバの母材、及び製造方法 |
| JP7133328B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 | 2022-09-08 | 株式会社フジクラ | 偏波保持ファイバ、光デバイス、偏波保持ファイバの母材、及び製造方法 |
| JP2018063455A (ja) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-04-19 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1533634A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
| EP1533634A4 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
| CN1666124A (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
| EP1533634B1 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
| JPWO2004005984A1 (ja) | 2005-11-04 |
| AU2003252476A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
| CN100347574C (zh) | 2007-11-07 |
| JP3993198B2 (ja) | 2007-10-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7711238B2 (en) | Optical fiber and optical fiber coupler, erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, and optical waveguide using the same | |
| EP1488261B1 (en) | Low bend loss optical fiber and components made therefrom | |
| US6321006B2 (en) | Optical fiber having an expanded mode field diameter and method of expanding the mode field diameter of an optical fiber | |
| US7289687B2 (en) | Polarization-maintaining optical fiber | |
| JP2010061170A (ja) | 光ファイバモジュール | |
| JP3993198B2 (ja) | 光ファイバおよびこれを用いた光ファイバカプラ、エルビウム添加光ファイバ増幅器、光導波路 | |
| US10775555B2 (en) | Optical fiber line and optical fiber line manufacturing method | |
| JP2002365469A (ja) | 分散補償光ファイバの接続構造 | |
| JPH01295207A (ja) | 光ファイバ | |
| US6644870B2 (en) | Optical fiber transmission line | |
| JP2002031725A (ja) | 光ファイバ | |
| JP3911888B2 (ja) | 合分波カプラ | |
| WO2000065390A1 (en) | A fused fiber coupler | |
| JPH10104450A (ja) | 光分岐器 | |
| Gusmeroli et al. | New reduced cladding photonic fibers for high-compactness optical modules and metro amplifiers | |
| JPH06337324A (ja) | 光合波分波用光ファイバカプラ及びその製造方法 | |
| JPH06308349A (ja) | 光ファイバカプラ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP2004333748A (ja) | 光ファイバカプラ及びその製造方法 | |
| JP2007322582A (ja) | 光ファイバカプラ |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU CA CN JP US |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004519289 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 20038153947 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11028756 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2003762890 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2003762890 Country of ref document: EP |