WO2004034711A1 - 光源の種類に応じた画質の自動調整 - Google Patents
光源の種類に応じた画質の自動調整 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004034711A1 WO2004034711A1 PCT/JP2003/012684 JP0312684W WO2004034711A1 WO 2004034711 A1 WO2004034711 A1 WO 2004034711A1 JP 0312684 W JP0312684 W JP 0312684W WO 2004034711 A1 WO2004034711 A1 WO 2004034711A1
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- image
- light source
- image data
- color
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
- H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
- H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
- H04N1/6083—Colour correction or control controlled by factors external to the apparatus
- H04N1/6086—Colour correction or control controlled by factors external to the apparatus by scene illuminant, i.e. conditions at the time of picture capture, e.g. flash, optical filter used, evening, cloud, daylight, artificial lighting, white point measurement, colour temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/21—Intermediate information storage
- H04N1/2104—Intermediate information storage for one or a few pictures
- H04N1/2158—Intermediate information storage for one or a few pictures using a detachable storage unit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32128—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title attached to the image data, e.g. file header, transmitted message header, information on the same page or in the same computer file as the image
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2101/00—Still video cameras
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N2201/3225—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document
- H04N2201/3252—Image capture parameters, e.g. resolution, illumination conditions, orientation of the image capture device
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image quality adjustment technique for adjusting the image quality of image data.
- the image quality of image data generated by a digital still camera (DSC) or a digital video camera (DVC) can be arbitrarily adjusted by using an image lettering application on a personal computer.
- image retouching applications are equipped with an image adjustment function that automatically adjusts the image quality of image data. Using this image adjustment function improves the image quality of the image output from the output device. Can be done.
- image output devices for example, CRT, LCD, printers, projectors, television receivers, and the like are known.
- the printer driver which controls the operation of the printer, which is one of the output devices, also has a function that automatically adjusts the image quality.
- the image quality of the image can be improved.
- the hue of the image data is strongly affected by the light source used to generate the image data.
- various light sources such as a natural light source such as sunlight and an artificial light source such as a fluorescent lamp and an incandescent lamp are used according to a photographing place, a photographing time, and a user's preference.
- the spectral distribution of light varies with the type of light source. Therefore, even for the same subject, an image having a color shift (color cast) may be obtained depending on the type of the light source. For example, when a light source with strong blue light such as a fluorescent lamp is used, a bluish image may be obtained. Such color bias is called white balance.
- the white balance adjustment is performed to uniformly reduce the color cast of the image data.
- the color cast of the image data may change variously depending on the color tone and the like specific to the subject.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problem, and has as its object to appropriately adjust the image quality in response to the color deviation of the light source. Disclosure of the invention
- an output device includes at least image data generated by an image generation device and information on a shooting condition at the time of generating the image data, and associates the image data with the image data.
- An output device that outputs an image by using the obtained image generation history information, wherein the image generation history information includes light source information regarding color deviation of a light source at the time of generating the image data.
- An image quality adjustment unit capable of executing a white balance adjustment process of the image data based on the color of the light source obtained by using the image processing unit; and an image output unit that outputs an image according to the image data whose image quality has been adjusted.
- the output device of the present invention it is possible to execute the white balance adjustment processing based on the color of the light source, so that the image quality can be appropriately adjusted according to the color deviation of the light source.
- the image quality adjustment unit adjusts the intensity of the white balance adjustment processing based on a hue of the light source.
- the intensity of the white balance adjustment processing is adjusted based on the hue of the light source, so that the image quality can be appropriately adjusted according to the color of the light source.
- the white balance adjustment processing includes: (i) analyzing the pixel values of some of the pixels for calibrating the image data from the hue gray in the image data. (Ii) a process of determining the magnitude of the color cast amount indicating the degree of deviation of the color balance; (ii) a process of determining the amount of the white balance adjustment process based on the magnitude of the color cast amount; A) performing the white balance adjustment processing according to the determined processing amount.
- the intensity of the white balance adjustment processing is a predetermined level in at least one of the processing (i) and (ii).
- the processing parameters are adjusted by adjusting based on the hue of the light source.
- the white balance adjustment processing based on the hue of the light source, so that the image quality can be appropriately adjusted according to the hue of the light source. Further, the strength of the white balance adjustment processing can be easily adjusted.
- the image quality adjustment unit may be configured such that a hue of a pixel is set to a hue of the light source, as a condition for selecting some of the pixels included in the image data as a target of the analysis. It is preferable to adjust the intensity of the white balance adjustment processing by setting a condition for selecting a pixel having higher saturation as the analysis target as the distance is closer.
- a pixel having a high hue close to the hue of the light source and having high saturation can be selected, so that the hue of the image data becomes the hue of the light source. If there is a bias, stronger white balance adjustment processing can be executed.
- the image quality adjustment unit may be configured to determine a magnitude of the color cast amount.
- the white balance adjustment is performed by adjusting a processing parameter representing a ratio of a processing amount of the white balance adjustment processing such that the hue of the light source increases as the hue of the image data approaches the deviation of the hue. Adjusting the intensity of the treatment is preferred.
- the ratio of the processing amount of the white balance adjustment processing to the magnitude of the color cast amount increases, so that the hue of the image data becomes When the color is biased toward the hue, stronger white balance adjustment processing can be executed.
- the image quality adjustment unit may include:
- the color cast amount is determined based on the region close to the achromatic color, it is possible to suppress the influence of the dark region and the region far from the achromatic color from affecting the white balance adjustment processing.
- the image quality adjustment unit may include:
- the color cast amount is determined without using the pixels having the predetermined hue, so that it is possible to suppress the pixels having the predetermined hue from affecting the white balance adjustment processing.
- the image quality adjustment unit can determine whether or not the color tone of the image data has been adjusted according to a user's instruction at the time of generating the image data. When it is determined that the adjustment has been made according to the above, it is preferable to execute the white balance adjustment process using a smaller intensity than when the determination is not made.
- the color tone of the image data adjusted according to the user's instruction can be greatly increased. It is possible to suppress a sharp change.
- the present invention can be realized in various forms.
- an image output method and an image output device an image data processing method (image processing method), and an image data processing device (image processing device)
- a computer program for realizing the functions of these methods or apparatuses a recording medium on which the computer program is recorded, a data signal containing the computer program and embodied in a carrier wave, and the like.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of an image output system.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a digital still camera.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram conceptually showing an example of the internal configuration of an image file.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the data structure of the attached information storage area.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the data structure of the Exif data area.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the correspondence between the types of light sources and the colors of the light sources.
- Figure 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of the pudding.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the printer.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a processing routine of image processing.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a processing routine of the image quality adjustment processing.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the white balance adjustment processing.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing conditions for selecting a color cast amount calculation pixel group.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the color cast amount and gradation value adjustment processing.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing the strength of the white balance adjustment processing.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing white balance adjustment processing according to light source information.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing white balance adjustment processing according to light source information.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing another embodiment of the image quality adjustment processing.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing another embodiment of the image quality adjustment processing.
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the image output system. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an image output system to which an output device as one embodiment of the present invention can be applied.
- the image output system 10 includes a digital still camera 12 as an image generation device for generating an image file, and a printer 20 as an image output device.
- the image file generated by the digital still camera 12 is transmitted to the printer 20 via a cable CV or by directly inserting the memory card MC storing the image file into the printer 20.
- the printer 20 executes image quality adjustment processing of image data based on the read image file, and outputs an image.
- a monitor 21 such as a CRT display and an LCD display, a projector and the like can be used. The following description is based on the case where the printer 20 including the image quality adjustment unit and the image output unit is used as an output device and the memory card MC is directly inserted into the printer 20.
- B. Configuration of image generation device is based on the case where the printer 20 including the image quality adjustment unit and the image output unit is used as an output device and the
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the digital still camera 12.
- the digital still camera 12 of this embodiment includes an optical circuit 122 for collecting optical information, an image obtaining circuit 122 for controlling the optical circuit to obtain an image, and an obtained digital image.
- An image processing circuit 123 for processing the image, a flash 130 as an auxiliary light source, and a control circuit 124 for controlling each circuit are provided.
- the control circuit 124 has a memory (not shown).
- the optical circuit 1 2 1 includes a lens 1 2 5 for collecting optical information, an aperture 1 2 9 for adjusting the amount of light, and a CCD 1 2 8 for converting the optical information passing through the lens into image data. I have.
- the digital still camera 12 stores the acquired images on the memory card MC.
- JPEG format is generally used, but other storage formats such as TIFF, GIF, BMP, and RAW data formats are also used. be able to.
- the digital still camera 12 also includes a select / enter button 126 for setting various shooting conditions, and a liquid crystal display 127.
- the liquid crystal display 127 is used for previewing a photographed image and for setting the type of light source at the time of photographing using the select / determine button 126.
- the image generation history information can include a set value of a parameter related to a shooting condition at the time of shooting (at the time of generating image data).
- a parameter that can be arbitrarily set such as a type of a light source at the time of shooting. It is possible to include the setting values of one night, the setting values of the parameters used when generating the image such as the aperture value and the shutter speed, and the setting values of the parameters that are automatically set such as the manufacturer name.
- the type of the light source is set by the user, the color of the image data is adjusted according to the color of the light source, and the color is adjusted.
- the adjusted image data is stored in the memory card MC as an image file. If the light source type is not set by the user, the hue of the image data is automatically adjusted.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram conceptually showing an example of the internal configuration of an image file that can be used in the present embodiment.
- the image file GF has an image data storage area 101 for storing the image data GD, and an image generation history information storage area 102 for storing the image generation history information GI.
- the image data GD is stored, for example, in a JPEG format
- the image generation history information GI is stored, for example, in a TIFF format (a format in which data and data areas are specified using tags).
- TIFF format a format in which data and data areas are specified using tags.
- the image file GF of the present embodiment basically only needs to have the above-mentioned image data storage area 101 and the image generation history information storage area 102, and follows the already standardized file format. File structure.
- the case where the image file GF according to the present embodiment is adapted to the Exif file format will be specifically described.
- the EX if file has a file structure in accordance with the image file format standard for digital still cameras (Exif), and its specifications are defined by the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA).
- the Exif file format stores JPEG format image data in the same way as the conceptual diagram shown in Fig. 3 '' PEG image data storage area, and '' Stores various information related to PEG image data And an information storage area.
- the JPEG image data storage area corresponds to the image data storage area 101 in FIG. 3, and the auxiliary information storage area is the image data storage area. This corresponds to the generation history information storage area 102.
- the attached information storage area stores image generation history information related to PEG images, such as shooting date and time, aperture value, and light source type.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the data structure of the attached information storage area 103.
- hierarchical tags are used to specify the data area.
- Each data area can include therein a plurality of lower data areas specified by lower tags.
- the area surrounded by a square represents one data area, and the tag name is written on the upper left.
- This embodiment includes three data areas whose tag names are APP0, APP1, and APP6.
- the APP1 data area includes two data areas with tag names IFD0 and IFD1.
- the IF DO data area contains three data areas with tag names PM, Ex Ef, and GPS.
- the data and data area are stored according to the specified address or offset value, and the address or offset value can be searched by the tag name.
- data corresponding to the desired information can be obtained by designating an address or an offset value corresponding to the desired information.
- Fig. 5 shows the data structure of the Exif data area (the tag name and parameter value) that can be referred to by tracing the tag name in the order of APP 1-IFD 0-EX if in Fig. 4. It is an explanatory view explaining an example.
- the Exif data area can include a data area with a tag name of MakerN0te, as shown in FIG. 4, and the MakerNote data area can include more data. However, illustration is omitted in FIG.
- the Exif data area stores parameters relating to information such as a light source, a white balance, an aperture value, and a shutter speed.
- the light source information is used as light source information relating to the color deviation of the light source when the image data is generated overnight, and the white balance is determined based on whether the color tone of the image data is adjusted according to a user instruction.
- the term “white balance” may mean the white balance processing itself, or may mean a parameter of EX if.
- white balance information is a parameter of Exif (more generally, a parameter of image generation history information).
- the light source information is information on the type of the light source at the time of generating the image data overnight.
- the type of light source can be selected and set from preset parameter values such as daylight, fluorescent light, tungsten, flash, clear sky, cloudy sky, shade, and unknown.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the correspondence between the type of light source and the color of the light source (color bias). By preparing such a correspondence table in advance, the type of light source that has been set can be used as information regarding the color bias of the light source.
- the color of the light source obtained from the light source information is used in an image quality adjustment process described later.
- the set value is stored as a parameter value of the light source information.
- the image generation device has a light source identification unit for automatically identifying the light source type, and the function is used to automatically set the light source type, the result of the automatic identification is a parameter of the light source information. Stored as a value.
- the white balance information is information for determining whether or not the hue of the image data has been adjusted according to a user's instruction. If the light source information is manually set by the user, "manual setting" is set as the parameter value of the white balance information, and if it is set automatically, “automatic setting” is set. If the light source information is manually set by the user, the image generating apparatus adjusts the image data whose hue is adjusted according to the hue of the light source set by the user.
- the aperture value is information about the aperture value at the time of image data generation, and the F value is used as the parameter value. Therefore, the larger the aperture value, the smaller the aperture.
- the shutter speed information is a 'I blue report about the shutter speed when generating image data, and the unit is seconds.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of the printer 20.
- the printer 20 is a printer capable of outputting an image.
- the printer 20 ejects four color inks of cyan C, magenta Mg, yellow, and black K onto a print medium.
- This is an ink-jet printing method that forms a dot pattern.
- An electrophotographic printer that forms an image by transferring and fixing the toner on a print medium can also be used.
- Ink in addition to the above four colors, includes light cyan LC, which has a lower density than cyan C, light magenta M, which has a lower density than magenta, and dark yellow DY, which has a higher density than yellow Y. May be used.
- a configuration using only black K may be used, and red R or green G may be used.
- the type of ink and toner used can be determined according to the characteristics of the output image.
- the printer 20 includes an image output unit 27 that executes printing, an operation panel 32, and a control circuit 40 that controls the exchange of signals between the operation panel 32 and the image output unit 27. It has.
- the image output unit 27 includes a sub-scan feed mechanism that conveys the printing paper P in the sub-scan direction by the paper feed motor 22 and a carriage motor 24 that moves the carriage 30 in the axial direction of the platen 26 (main scan). Direction), and a head drive mechanism that drives the printing head unit 60 mounted on the carriage 30 to control ink ejection and dot formation.
- the print head 60 has a print head provided with nozzles for discharging usable ink (not shown).
- the sub-scan feed mechanism that transports the printing paper P includes a gear train that transmits the rotation of the paper feed motor 22 to the platen 26 and a paper transport roller (not shown) (not shown).
- the main scanning feed mechanism for reciprocating the carriage 30 includes an endless drive belt between a slide shaft 34 erected in parallel with the axis of the platen 26 and slidably holding the carriage 30 and the carriage motor 24.
- a pulley 38 on which the 36 is installed and a position sensor 39 for detecting the origin position of the carriage 30 are provided.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the printer 20.
- the control circuit 40 includes a CPU 41 for executing an image quality adjustment process described later, a RAM 44 for temporarily storing the calculation result of the CPU 41, image data, and the like, and an image quality adjustment such as a program for the image quality adjustment process. It is configured as an arithmetic and logic circuit including a programmable ROM (PROM) 43 for storing data required for processing and a character generator (CG) 45 for storing a dot matrix of characters.
- PROM programmable ROM
- CG character generator
- the control circuit 40 further includes a memory card slot 46 for acquiring data from the memory card MC, an I / F dedicated circuit 50 for exclusively interfacing with an external mode, etc.
- a head drive circuit 52 connected to the circuit 50 for driving the printing head unit 60 to discharge ink, and a motor driving circuit 54 for driving the paper feed motor 22 and the carriage motor 24.
- the I / F dedicated circuit 50 further incorporates a universal serial bus interface circuit, and can receive data supplied from a digital still camera 12 or the like as an image generating device via a cable.
- the circuit incorporated in the IZF dedicated circuit 50 is not limited to the universal serial bus interface circuit, but can be determined in consideration of the ease of connection with the image generation measures.
- the RAM 44 functions as a buffer memory for temporarily storing raster data.
- the printer 20 can acquire image data generated by the digital still camera 12 or the like as an image generation device via, for example, a cable CV.
- the image generation device stores the image data on the memory card MC, 0 may be configured to acquire image data via the memory card MC. Further, a configuration in which image data is acquired via a network (not shown) can be adopted.
- the CPU 41 of the control circuit 40 executes image quality adjustment processing for adjusting the white balance of the image data. That is, the control circuit 40 functions as an image quality adjustment unit.
- the image data processing program may be activated by a user operation. The detailed image processing executed by the CPU 41 will be described later.
- the printer 20 having the hardware configuration described above moves the carriage 30 forward and backward by the carriage motor 24 while conveying the printing paper P by the paper feed motor 22, and simultaneously drives the print head. Then, each ink droplet is ejected to form an ink dot and form an image on the printing paper P based on the print data whose image quality has been adjusted.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a processing routine of image processing in the printer 20 according to the present embodiment. The following description is based on the case where the memory card MC storing the image file GF is directly inserted into the printer 20.
- the CPU 41 of the control circuit 40 (FIG. 8) of the printer 20 reads the image file GF (FIG. 3) from the memory card MC (step S200).
- the CPU 41 searches the additional information storage area of the image file GF for image generation history information GI indicating information at the time of generating image data.
- step S220 If the image generation history information GI can be found (step S220: Y), the CPU 41 acquires and analyzes the image generation history information GI (step S230). The CPU 41 executes the image quality adjustment processing described later based on the analyzed image generation history information GI (step S240), outputs the processed image (step S250), and ends the processing routine. I do.
- an image file generated by using a drawing application or the like does not include image generation history information GI having information such as light source information. If the CPU 41 cannot find the image generation history information GI (Step S220: N), it performs standard processing (Step S260), outputs the processed image (Step S250), This processing routine ends.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a processing routine of image quality adjustment processing (corresponding to step S240 in FIG. 9) based on image generation history information.
- the CPU 41 (FIG. 8) of the control circuit 40 of the printer 20 analyzes the image generation history information GI and obtains parameter values such as light source information (step S400).
- step S410 the CPU 41 determines whether or not the light source type is set as the parameter value of the light source information, that is, whether or not the information regarding the color deviation of the light source is set. Is determined.
- the type of the light source is set in the parameter value of the light source information
- the CPU 41 determines that the light source type is set. If “unknown” is set as the parameter value of the light source information, it is determined that the light source type is not set. Even when the image generation history information GI does not include the light source information, it is determined that the light source type is not set.
- step S4 When it is determined that the light source type is set (step S4 ⁇ 0: Y), the CPU 41 executes a white balance adjustment process according to the light source information (step S420). Then, the image quality adjustment processing ends.
- the white balance adjustment process according to the light source information the white balance according to the color bias of the light source obtained from the light source information is adjusted. Adjustment is performed (details are described below).
- step S410 If it is not determined that the light source type has been set (step S410: N), the CPU 41 executes standard white balance adjustment processing (step S430). ), End the image quality adjustment processing.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a processing routine of the white balance adjustment processing according to the present embodiment.
- the CPU 41 (FIG. 8) selects an analysis target pixel (hereinafter, referred to as a color cast amount calculation pixel) used for calculating the color cast amount (described later).
- the color cast amount of each of the red R, green G, and blue B is calculated using the pixel value selected in step S500.
- the color cast amount is an index indicating the degree of deviation of the color from gray in the entire image, and is a value that increases as the color deviation increases.
- the difference between the average value of the tone values of red R and the average value of the tone values of all the colors can be used as the amount of color cast of red (details will be described later).
- the type of color used to determine the color cast use various combinations such as cyan C, magenta Mg, and yellow Y in addition to the combination of the basic colors red R, green G, and blue B. Can be.
- the processing amount of the white balance adjustment processing is set based on the color fogging amount
- step S530 the gradation value of each color is reduced to reduce the color fogging amount. (See below).
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the conditions for selecting the color cast amount calculation pixel group selected in step S500 (FIG. 11).
- a pixel close to an achromatic color that satisfies the following two conditions is selected as a color cast amount calculation pixel group.
- the luminance value is equal to or greater than the luminance threshold Lthh.
- FIG. 12 (a) is an explanatory diagram showing the value of the hue H and the fight between colors.
- Hue H has a possible range of 0 ° to 360 °, where 0 ° indicates red, 120 ° indicates green, and 240 ° indicates blue.
- FIG. 12B is an explanatory diagram illustrating the relationship between the saturation threshold value S th and the hue H.
- the saturation threshold value S th is a constant value independent of the hue H.
- a range that satisfies the above condition (s ⁇ ) is indicated by hatching.
- FIG. 12 (c) is an explanatory diagram for explaining the relationship between the luminance value threshold Lth and the hue H.
- the luminance threshold Lth is a constant value independent of the hue H.
- the range that satisfies the above condition (s2) is indicated by oblique lines.
- the above first condition (s 1) can be understood as follows. When a colorful subject that is not achromatic is captured, the saturation of the area where the subject is captured increases. When the color fog amount is calculated using such an area, a large amount of color fogging can be obtained, but this color fogging is not due to the color shift caused by the bias of the color of the light source. Therefore, if the tone value adjustment is performed to reduce the apparent color cast amount, the vividness and hue of the color unique to the subject may be largely changed. Therefore, if the color cast amount is calculated using a region that satisfies the above condition (s 1), that is, a region where the saturation S is equal to or less than the saturation threshold Sth, the vividness of the color unique to the subject is obtained.
- the white balance adjustment processing can be performed without largely changing the hues.
- the saturation threshold S th a value determined based on the sensitivity evaluation of an image output result can be used. For example, when the range in which the saturation can be taken is 0 to 1, it may be set to 0.1. The smaller the saturation threshold, the closer the achromatic region can be selected, so that the vividness and hue of the subject-specific color can have a smaller effect on the white balance adjustment process. .
- the saturation threshold can be used as the intensity of the white balance adjustment processing (details will be described later).
- the above second condition (s 2) can be understood as follows. An area with a large luminance value is likely to receive light from the light source strongly.
- the amount of color cast is calculated using an area that satisfies the above condition (s 2), that is, an area in which the luminance value L is equal to or greater than the luminance threshold Lth, the color cast based on the type of the light source is obtained.
- the quantity can be calculated more accurately.
- the luminance threshold L th a value determined based on the sensitivity evaluation of an image output result can be used. For example, when the range in which the luminance value can be taken is 0 to 255, it may be set to 180. Note that the brightness value threshold can be used as the strength of the white balance adjustment processing (details will be described later).
- the image data is expressed in a color space that does not include the luminance value, hue, and saturation as a parameter, for example, if the image data is expressed using the RGB color space, the luminance value and the hue
- the luminance value and the hue By converting into a color space including the parameters and the saturation as a parameter, for example, the HLS color space / HIS color space, the luminance value, hue, and saturation of each pixel can be obtained.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the color cast amount and gradation value adjustment processing.
- FIG. 13 (a) shows an example of the red R gradation value distribution in the color cast amount calculation pixel group selected in step S500 (FIG. 11).
- red R is biased to a larger side than green G and blue B.
- An image showing such a distribution is likely to be generated when a reddish light source, for example, a tungsten lamp is used.
- Equation 1 shown below is an arithmetic expression for calculating the color cast amounts A R, AG, ⁇ ⁇ in this embodiment.
- Gave Average value of G in the color cast amount calculation pixel group
- Lave Luminance value calculated from Rave, Gave, Bave
- AR color cast amount AR
- AG ⁇ of each color of RGB
- R ave, G ave, B of each color of R, G, B The difference between ave and the luminance value LaVe calculated using the average gradation value of each color is used.
- arithmetic expression for calculating the luminance value for example, a conversion expression from the RGB color space to the YCbCr color space shown in Expression 2 below can be used.
- the luminance value L a V e obtained using this equation is the average gradation value calculated by weighting the difference in brightness according to the color for each of red R, green G, and blue B. Can be. If the color shift is small, the average gradation values R a V e, G ave, and B ave of each of the RGB colors are almost the same, so the luminance value, that is, the average gradation value using brightness as a weight
- the value L a V e and the average gradation values R ave, G ave, and B ave of each color are substantially the same. As a result, small values are obtained as the color cast amounts AR, AG, and ⁇ for each color.
- the average gradation values R ave, G ave, and B ave of the respective colors of RG # are different from each other.
- the average gradation value (brightness value) calculated by weighting the brightness different for each color as the reference value for calculating the color cast amount the color closer to the human eyes can be obtained.
- the fog amount can be calculated.
- FIG. 13B is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the input level R i ⁇ of red R and the output level R 0 ut in the gradation value adjustment processing of this embodiment.
- the graph G 1 A is configured such that the output level R out is smaller than the input level R in. If the tone value of red R is adjusted using this graph G 1 A, in an image in which the color is shifted to red, that is, in an image in which red R is biased toward a larger value, the tone value of red R is reduced, The color shift can be reduced.
- Such a graph G1A can be configured by, for example, adjusting the output level Rout at the adjustment input level Rref so as to be smaller than the original value by the adjustment amount RM.
- Output levels R 0 ut corresponding to other input levels R in are interpolated by a spline function.
- the adjustment amount RM is a value determined based on the color cast amount (FIG. 13 (a), Equation 1). For example, a value obtained by multiplying the color cast amount A R by a predetermined coefficient k can be used. As the predetermined coefficient k, a value determined based on the sensitivity evaluation of the output result of the image can be used.
- the relationship between the color cast amount and the adjustment amount RM does not necessarily need to be a proportional relationship, and may be any relationship that allows the adjustment amount RM to increase as the color cast amount increases.
- the predetermined coefficient k is a processing parameter (hereinafter, referred to as a processing amount ratio) representing the ratio of the processing amount of the white balance adjustment processing to the color fogging amount. (The details will be described later).
- a predetermined value can be used as the adjustment input level Rref. For example, when the range that red R can take is 0 to 255, an intermediate value of 128 may be used.
- the graph G 1 B shows the input / output relationship used in the gradation value adjustment processing having a larger white balance adjustment processing amount than the graph G 1 A.
- a large amount of white balance adjustment processing means that the amount of change in the color tone value is large.
- the adjustment amount RM calculated using the processing amount ratio k becomes large, so that the white balance adjustment processing amount also becomes large. Therefore, color cast Even when the amount is large, the color deviation can be reduced.
- the white balance adjustment processing amount By configuring the white balance adjustment processing amount to increase as the color cast amount increases, the color deviation can be appropriately reduced based on the size.
- the graph G2A is configured so that the output level Rout is larger than the input level Rin, and shows the input / output relationship used when the red R is biased toward the smaller one.
- the graph G2B shows the input / output relationship used in the tone value adjustment processing in which the white balance adjustment processing amount is larger than that of the graph G2A.
- the color is biased toward the smaller side, that is, when the average gradation value R a V e is smaller than the reference luminance value a V e, the color is biased in the same way as when the color is biased toward the larger side.
- the adjustment amount RM is determined based on the fog amount ⁇ R, and the white balance adjustment processing amount is determined.
- the relationship between the input level and the output level described above is similarly set for colors other than red R.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the strength of the white balance adjustment processing.
- FIG. 14 (a) is an explanatory diagram for explaining the relationship between the ratio of the processing amount of the white balance adjustment processing to the magnitude of the color cast amount and the processing amount of the white balance adjustment processing.
- the ratio of the magnitude of the processing amount for example, the processing amount ratio k in the example shown in FIG. 13 (b) can be used.
- the adjustment amount RM for the same color cast amount ⁇ R can be increased.
- the amount of white balance adjustment processing for the same color cast amount can be increased.
- the strength of the white balance adjustment processing can be increased.
- “the strength of the white balance adjustment processing is strong” means that the processing amount of the white balance adjustment processing is large for the same image with a shifted color. As shown in Fig. 14 (a), even when the intensity of the white balance adjustment process is strong, the color shift is small, that is, when the color cast amount is small, the processing amount of the white balance adjustment process is small. .
- the processing amount ratio k is determined based on the amount of color It can be said that the processing parameters for determining the amount of processing amount of the lance adjustment processing.
- Figure 14 (b) shows the relationship between the condition range (saturation threshold S th and luminance threshold L th) for selecting the color cast amount calculation pixel group and the intensity of the white balance adjustment processing.
- FIG. As the color cast amount calculation pixel group, pixels whose saturation S is equal to or less than the saturation threshold value Sth are selected. Therefore, as the saturation threshold S th is larger, a brighter pixel with higher saturation can be selected. In an image in which a color cast has occurred, the larger the saturation threshold S th is, the larger the pixel becomes. A larger color cast is calculated. In other words, for the same image with the shifted colors, the larger the saturation threshold S th, the larger the processing amount of the white balance adjustment processing.
- the saturation threshold S th is also a processing parameter that affects the processing result for determining the magnitude of the color cast amount in the image data.
- a pixel whose luminance value L is equal to or greater than the luminance value threshold Lth is selected as a color cast amount calculation pixel group. In a bright area, the color approaches white as the luminance value increases. Therefore, contrary to the saturation threshold value S th, the smaller the brightness threshold value L th, the more likely it is to select more colorful pixels. The smaller the value threshold Lt, the larger the color cast amount is calculated.
- the processing amount of the white balance adjustment processing increases as the luminance value threshold Lth decreases for T.
- the intensity of the white balance adjustment processing increases as the luminance value threshold value Lth decreases.
- the luminance threshold value Lth is also a processing parameter that affects the processing result for determining the magnitude of the color cast amount in the image data.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram illustrating white balance adjustment processing according to light source information.
- the example in FIG. 15 shows an example in which a tungsten lamp (incandescent lamp) is used as the light source and “tungsten” is set in the light source information.
- the difference from the standard white balance adjustment processing shown in Fig. 12 is that the saturation threshold Sth and the luminance threshold Lth for selecting the color cast amount calculation pixel group The point changes accordingly.
- FIG. 15B is an explanatory diagram for explaining the relationship between the saturation threshold value S th and the hue H.
- the saturation threshold value Sthh is configured to increase as the hue H of the pixel is closer to orange, which is the hue of the light source.
- the hue of the light source is a value determined according to the type of the light source.
- the CPU 41 (FIG. 8) obtains the value and adjusts the saturation threshold S th based on the hue of the light source. be able to.
- a hue table (FIG. 6) indicating the correspondence between the type of the light source and the hue (color bias) may be stored in a memory such as PROM 43 (FIG. 8). If the image generation history information GI includes, for example, the type of the light source as the information on the color deviation of the light source, the CPU 41 obtains the hue of the light source from the hue table using the type of the light source. be able to.
- FIG. 15 (c) is an explanatory diagram for explaining the relationship between the luminance value threshold Lth and the hue H.
- the luminance value threshold value Lthh is configured to decrease as the hue H of the pixel approaches the orange color which is the color of the light source.
- the setting is made such that, as the hue H approaches the color of the light source, a pixel having a higher saturation S is selected as a color cast amount calculation pixel group. Therefore, in an image in which color cast is caused by the light source, that is, in an image in which the color is shifted to the hue of the light source, a larger color cast is calculated.
- a pixel whose hue H is far from the hue of the light source is likely to be a pixel having a hue peculiar to an object, not an achromatic pixel. In such an area, pixels with high saturation are not selected as a color cast amount calculation pixel group. Therefore, by performing the white balance adjustment with the processing amount based on the color fog amount obtained in this way, the color tone unique to the subject can be increased. It is possible to suppress a sharp change, and to appropriately reduce the color cast caused by the color bias of the light source.
- the luminance value is set such that as the hue H is closer to the color of the light source, a pixel having a smaller luminance value is selected as a color cast amount calculation pixel group.
- the reason for this is that if color cast is caused by the light source color, it is highly likely that even a pixel having a small luminance value is the result of an achromatic pixel being affected by the light source color.
- a pixel having a hue close to the light source color is selected as a color fog amount calculation pixel group even with a small luminance value, a more appropriate color fog amount can be calculated.
- both the saturation threshold value Sth and the luminance value threshold value Lth continuously change with the change of the hue H. It may be set so as to change stepwise in steps.
- the saturation threshold S th is set to 0 in a range where the hue H is far from the hue of the light source.
- the luminance value threshold Lth may be set to the maximum value that the luminance value can take. In this manner, by removing pixels far from the hue of the light source from the color cast amount calculation pixel group, the color cast amount caused by the bias of the color of the light source can be calculated more accurately.
- the saturation threshold S th and the luminance threshold L th are set to the hue H. It is preferable to execute a standard white balance adjustment process that is not changed accordingly.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the white balance adjustment processing according to the light source information.
- the example of FIG. 16 shows an example in which a tungsten lamp is used as the light source and “tungsten” is set as the light source information.
- the difference from the standard white balance adjustment processing shown in Figs. 12 and 13 is that the processing amount ratio k (Fig. 13 (b)) This is a point that changes according to the average hue Have in the color cast amount calculation pixel group.
- Hue H ave is an average hue in the color cast amount calculation pixel group, and for example, average value R a V e of red R, average value G ave of recording G, average value B ave of blue B (Formula 1) Can be used.
- the same conditions as those in the standard white balance adjustment processing shown in FIG. 12 are used as conditions for selecting a color fog amount calculation pixel group.
- FIG. 16 (b) shows the relationship between the processing amount ratio k and the hue H a V e.
- the processing amount ratio k is configured to increase as the hue H a V e approaches orange, which is the hue of the light source.
- the hue H a V e becomes a value close to the hue of the light source.
- the hue Have is a value far from the hue of the light source, a large number of pixels having a hue specific to the subject may be selected as the color cast amount calculation pixel group, instead of pixels that are originally close to achromatic. High performance.
- the processing amount ratio k continuously changes according to the change of the hue Ha V e, but may be set to change stepwise in a plurality of stages. Further, in a range where the hue H a V e is far from the hue of the light source, the processing amount ratio k may be set to 0.
- the color cast amount calculation pixel group even when a large number of pixels having a hue specific to the subject are selected as the color cast amount calculation pixel group, it is possible to suppress a large change in the vividness and hue of the color unique to the subject.
- the standard white balance adjustment that does not change the processing amount ratio k according to the hue H
- processing is performed.
- the conditions for selecting the color cast amount calculation pixel group are the same as those in the standard white balance adjustment processing shown in FIG. 12 (saturation threshold S th and luminance threshold L th).
- saturation threshold S th and luminance threshold L th saturation threshold
- the conditions adjusted according to the color bias of the light source as shown in Figure 15, good. In this way, the color cast caused by the bias of the color of the light source can be reduced more accurately.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing another embodiment of the image quality adjustment processing when the light source information is set.
- This processing procedure can be used instead of step S420 (white balance adjustment processing according to the light source information) shown in Fig. 10, and the color tone of the image data is adjusted according to the user's instruction. It differs from the example of FIG. 10 in that the intensity of the white balance adjustment processing is changed according to the determination result of whether or not the adjustment has been performed.
- the “white balance information” (FIG. 5) in the above-described embodiment of the image generation history information can be used.
- the image generating apparatus When the setting of the light source information (color deviation of the light source) is performed by the user, the image generating apparatus generates image data in which the hue is adjusted according to the hue of the light source set by the user. In this case, "manual setting" is set as the parameter value of the white balance information. If the light source information is set automatically, not by the user, the color tone of the image data is automatically adjusted in the image generation device. In this case, “Automatic setting” is set as the parameter set value.
- the CPU 41 (FIG. 8) Executes the white balance adjustment process at a lower intensity than that for automatic adjustment.
- the color of the image data is often adjusted to the color according to the user's preference. In such a case, if the color is adjusted by the white balance adjustment processing, the color may be different from the user's preference. Therefore, in the case of "manual setting", If the balance adjustment processing intensity is adjusted weakly, it is possible to suppress a large change in the user's favorite hue.
- the adjustment of the white balance adjustment processing strength can be performed by reducing the size of the processing amount ratio k or by selecting a condition range (saturation threshold) for selecting the color cast amount calculation area. This can be realized by adjusting the value S th and the threshold value of the brightness value t).
- the intensity is adjusted so that the processing amount of the white balance adjustment processing in the case of “manual setting” for the same image is smaller than the processing amount in the case of “automatic setting”. Further, the intensity may be set to zero in the case of “manual setting”, that is, in the case of “manual setting”, the white balance adjustment processing may not be performed.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing a processing routine of another embodiment of the image quality adjustment processing (corresponding to step S240 in FIG. 9) based on the image generation history information.
- a pixel memory color pixel
- the CPU 41 executes a standard white balance adjustment process regardless of the setting of the light source type (step S710). If there is a light source type setting (step S720: Y), a white balance adjustment process according to the light source information is executed (step S740). In this process, a memory color pixel (described later) is excluded from the color cast amount calculation pixel group. Finally, the color balance adjustment processing of the memory color pixel is executed regardless of the setting of the light source information (step S740).
- the memory color means a color peculiar to a region that is particularly easily noticed by a person. If an area composed of pixels having such a memory color (a memory color area) is reproduced with a hue that the user feels preferable, the user recognizes that the image is a high-quality image. You can understand. Examples of such memory color regions that are easy to focus on include a human skin color region in a human image, a blue sky region and a green mountain region in a landscape image.
- a method for selecting a memory color pixel for example, a method of selecting a pixel whose hue is within a predetermined range can be used. For example, a pixel having a hue within the range of 0 to 40 degrees may be used as a flesh-color pixel.
- the CPU 41 calculates the color cast amount from the pixel group excluding the pixels having the preset memory color, and obtains the obtained color cast amount and light source information.
- the white balance adjustment process corresponding to the above is executed. Therefore, the influence of the color tone peculiar to the memory color area on the color cast amount is reduced, and it is possible to suppress a large change in the color tone of the memory color area.
- a processing method of the white balance adjustment processing according to the light source information the same processing as in each of the above-described embodiments can be used.
- the difference between the white balance adjustment processing according to the light source information in this embodiment and the white balance adjustment processing according to the light source information in each of the above embodiments is that the memory color pixels are excluded from the color cast amount calculation pixel group. Just a point.
- a standard white balance adjustment process is executed before selecting a memory color pixel (step S710). Therefore, the influence of the color bias of the light source can be suppressed, and the memory color pixel can be selected more accurately.
- the color balance adjustment processing of the memory color area is executed (step S740).
- This processing is executed only for the pixels in the memory color area, and the hue of the memory color area is set to a target color which is set in advance by the user and is considered to be preferable.
- This is a process of adjusting so as to approach. Since the color adjustment is the same as the white balance adjustment processing described above, the same processing as the processing shown in FIG. 11 is executed. There are two differences between the color balance adjustment processing and the white balance adjustment processing shown in FIG. One is that a memory color pixel is selected as a color cast amount calculation pixel group.
- Equation 3 is an arithmetic expression for calculating the color cast amounts AR, AG, ⁇ in the color balance adjustment processing.
- Gave Average value of G in the color cast amount calculation pixel group
- Equation 3 the difference between the average tone value of RGB in the memory color area and the tone value of the target color is used as the color cast, and the tone value is adjusted so that the obtained color cast is small.
- FIG. 19 shows an image output to which the image data processing apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention can be applied. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a power system.
- the image output system 10B includes a digital still camera 12 as an image generation device that generates an image file, a computer 90 that performs image quality adjustment processing based on the image file, and an image output device that outputs an image.
- the computer 90 is a commonly used type of computer, and functions as an image data processing device.
- a monitor 21B such as a CRT display and an LCD display, a projector and the like can be used. In the following description, it is assumed that the printer 20B is used as an image output device.
- This embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment of the image output system (FIG. 1) in that an image data processing device having an image quality adjustment unit and an image output device having an image output unit are configured independently.
- a computer as an image data processing device and a printer having an image output unit can be called an “output device” in a broad sense.
- the image file generated by the digital still camera 12 is transmitted to the computer 90 via the cable CV or by directly inserting the memory card MC storing the image file into the computer 90.
- Conv In the evening 90, image quality adjustment processing of image data is executed based on the read image file.
- the image data generated by the image quality adjustment processing is sent to the printer 20B via the cable CV and output by the printer 20B.
- the computer 90 includes a CPU 92 for executing a program for realizing the image quality adjustment processing described above, a RAM 93 for temporarily storing the calculation results of the CPU 92, image data, and the like, an image quality adjustment processing program, and a hue table. And a hard disk drive (HDD) 94 for storing data required for image quality adjustment processing.
- the CPU 92, the RAM 93, and the HDD 94 function as an image quality adjustment unit.
- the computer 90 includes a memory card slot 96 for mounting a memory card MC and an input / output terminal 95 for connecting a connection cable from the digital still camera 12 or the like.
- the image file GF generated by the digital still camera 12 is provided to the computer 90 via a cable or via a memory card MC.
- the CPU 92 executes an image processing routine (FIG. 9) for processing the read image file GF. I do.
- the image data processing application program is automatically started by detecting the insertion of the memory card MC into the memory card slot 96 or the connection of the digital still camera 12 via the cable to the input / output terminal 95. It is good also as a structure which performs.
- the image data processed by the CPU 92 is sent to an image output device, for example, a printer 20B, instead of being output in step S250 of the image processing routine (FIG. 9), and the image data is output.
- the image output device having received the command outputs the image.
- the image processing is performed using the image quality adjustment unit provided in the computer 90, it is possible to use an image output device without the image quality adjustment unit. If the image output device has an image quality adjustment unit, the computer 90 sends the image data to the image output device without performing image processing, and the image quality adjustment unit of the image output device communicates with the image output device. The processing may be performed.
- an appropriate image quality adjustment process can be automatically performed on an image whose color has been shifted due to the bias of the light source, using the light source information. High quality output results can be easily obtained.
- the type of the light source is used as the light source information regarding the color deviation of the light source.
- the information is not limited to the type of the light source, and may be any information that can determine the hue of the light source.
- the hue of the light source itself, the spectral distribution of the light source, the color temperature of the light source, and the like can be used as light source information.
- the hue of the generated image data is adjusted according to the set hue of the light source.
- An image generation device that generates an image without using the light source information set by the user may be used. It is preferable to execute white balance adjustment processing at normal intensity on image data generated by such an image generation device according to light source information set by a user. This makes it possible to appropriately reduce the color cast due to the color deviation of the light source.
- the white balance adjustment processing is performed with a lower intensity than when the determination is not made. Is preferred. In this way, it is possible to suppress a large change in the user's favorite hue, and to further reduce the color cast caused by the bias of the color of the light source.
- a file in the EXif format has been described as a specific example of the image file GF, but the format of the image file according to the present invention is not limited to this. That is, any image file may be used as long as the image file includes the image data generated by the image generation device and the image generation history information GI that describes the shooting conditions when generating the image data. With such a file, the image quality of the image generated by the image generation device can be automatically adjusted appropriately and output from the output device.
- the image file GD and the image generation history information GI have the same image file.
- the case where the image data is included in the file GF is described as an example.
- the image data GD and the image generation history information GI need not always be stored in the same file. That is, it is sufficient that the image data GD and the image generation history information GI are associated with each other.
- an association data that associates the image data GD with the image generation history information GI is generated, and one or a plurality of image data and the image
- the generation history information GI may be stored in an independent file, and the associated image generation history information GI may be referenced when processing the image data GD.
- the image data GD and the image generation history information GI are stored in separate files, at the time of image processing using the image generation history information GI, the image data GD and the image generation history information GI are included. This is because they are inseparable and function in the same way as if they were stored in substantially the same file. That is, the mode in which the image data GD is associated with the image generation history information GI at least at the time of image processing is included in the image file GF in the present embodiment. Furthermore, moving image files stored on optical disk media such as CD-ROM, CDR, DVD-ROM, and DVD-RAM are also included. Industrial applicability
- the present invention is applicable to a printer, a digital camera, a computer having an image processing function, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/527,285 US7532239B2 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2003-10-02 | Automatic adjustment of image quality according to type of light source |
| JP2004542825A JP3849706B2 (ja) | 2002-10-11 | 2003-10-02 | 光源の種類に応じた画質の自動調整 |
| EP03748691A EP1517563A4 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2003-10-02 | AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT OF PICTURE QUALITY ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF LIGHT SOURCE |
| CN2003801005680A CN1692656B (zh) | 2002-10-11 | 2003-10-02 | 图像处理装置和方法以及输出装置 |
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| JP2002-299432 | 2002-10-11 | ||
| JP2002299432 | 2002-10-11 |
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| EP (1) | EP1517563A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3849706B2 (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2004034711A1 (ja) |
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| US8135214B2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2012-03-13 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Image processing device and method for correcting a color of a specific area in an image |
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- 2003-10-02 CN CN2011100200023A patent/CN102098417A/zh active Pending
- 2003-10-02 EP EP03748691A patent/EP1517563A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-10-02 WO PCT/JP2003/012684 patent/WO2004034711A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-10-02 CN CN2003801005680A patent/CN1692656B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-02 JP JP2004542825A patent/JP3849706B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-02 US US10/527,285 patent/US7532239B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1692656A (zh) | 2005-11-02 |
| EP1517563A4 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
| US20050243186A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
| US7532239B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 |
| JP3849706B2 (ja) | 2006-11-22 |
| JPWO2004034711A1 (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
| EP1517563A1 (en) | 2005-03-23 |
| CN102098417A (zh) | 2011-06-15 |
| CN1692656B (zh) | 2011-02-16 |
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