WO2004051716A1 - 露光装置及び露光方法、並びにデバイス製造方法 - Google Patents
露光装置及び露光方法、並びにデバイス製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004051716A1 WO2004051716A1 PCT/JP2003/015436 JP0315436W WO2004051716A1 WO 2004051716 A1 WO2004051716 A1 WO 2004051716A1 JP 0315436 W JP0315436 W JP 0315436W WO 2004051716 A1 WO2004051716 A1 WO 2004051716A1
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- Prior art keywords
- exposure
- exposure apparatus
- optical system
- projection optical
- energy beam
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70858—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature
- G03F7/70883—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature of optical system
- G03F7/70891—Temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exposure apparatus, an exposure method, and a device manufacturing method, and more particularly, to an exposure apparatus and an exposure method used for forming a fine pattern of an electronic device such as a semiconductor element (such as an integrated circuit) and a liquid crystal display element. , And a device manufacturing method using the exposure apparatus.
- a pattern of a photomask (also called a mask or a reticle) formed by enlarging the pattern to be formed by about 4 to 5 times is projected onto an exposed object such as a wafer via a projection optical system.
- Projection such as a step-and-repeat type reduction projection exposure apparatus (so-called stepper) that reduces the size of the transfer to a scanner, and a step-and-scan type scanning projection exposure apparatus (a so-called scanning stepper) that is an improvement on this stepper.
- a shadow exposure apparatus is mainly used.
- the exposure wavelength has been shifted to a shorter wavelength side in order to cope with the miniaturization of circuit patterns accompanying the high integration of semiconductor elements.
- the wavelength is mainly 248 nm of KrF excimer laser light, but the shorter wavelength of 193 nm of ArF excimer laser light is also entering the stage of practical use.
- vacuum ultraviolet such as an F 2 laser (fluorine laser) that oscillates a laser beam with a shorter wavelength of 157 nm and an Ar 2 laser that oscillates a laser beam with a wavelength of 126 nm.
- Such vacuum ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 200 nm or less is strongly absorbed by glass, which is a common lens material, and usable lens materials include synthetic quartz and fluorite (calcium fluoride crystal). Limited to fluoride crystals.
- the lens material is limited to fluorite.
- the absorption of the exposure light is not zero, and about 0.1 to 0.5% of the exposure light is absorbed every time the exposure light passes through the lens by 1 cm.
- the gas in the optical path space of an exposure apparatus that uses vacuum ultraviolet light absorbs the gas inside and hardly absorbs the exposure light. It is necessary to replace (gas purge) with a low-absorbing gas such as.
- the exposure apparatus as a light source an F 2 laser with an oscillation wavelength of 1 5 7 nm, with most of the light path from the laser up to the wafer, it is necessary to suppress the residual oxygen concentration below 1 ppm.
- Such a large NA and low aberration can be easily realized in an optical system having a small visual field.
- the processing power (throughput) is improved as the exposure field is larger. Therefore, recently, a projection optical system with a small field of view and a large N.A.
- a scan-type exposure apparatus that relatively scans a reticle and a wafer during exposure while maintaining the image-forming relationship has become mainstream.
- a super-resolution technology such as a phase shift reticle, which improves resolution while using an optical system having the same wavelength and the same NA, has also been put to practical use.
- This super-resolution technology For example, there is known a method using a “phase shift reticle” that improves the resolution by changing the phase of a light beam transmitted through an adjacent transmission pattern out of patterns on the reticle by 180 ° to improve the resolution.
- modified illumination such as quadrupole illumination and dipole illumination have also been put into practical use.
- the absorption of the exposure light by the lens (lens element) constituting the projection optical system means that the energy of the exposure light reaching the wafer is attenuated. Means that the lens absorbs the energy of the exposure light and generates heat. When the lens expands due to this heat generation (temperature change), the refractive index changes, and aberration occurs.
- the projection optical system is required to have a small residual aberration, but only the aberration that occurs due to the heat generated by the absorption of the exposure light causes the maximum aberration that can be tolerated by the projection optical system. The value (allowable value) may be exceeded.
- the moving direction of electrons and holes is the [110] direction of the silicon crystal.
- the longitudinal direction of the pattern of each transistor stage should be drawn in the 1 1 1> plane and in the [1 110] direction. They need to be aligned in the orthogonal direction (ie the [1 1 2] direction). In the above description of planes and directions, the sign of each exponent is ignored.
- the direction of the reticle pattern for the gate process is aligned in one direction on the entire surface of the reticle, the direction of diffracted light generated from the reticle pattern is also aligned in one direction.
- the exposure light flux passing through the projection optical system is extremely localized, thereby generating heat due to the absorption of the exposure light by the lens constituting the projection optical system. Is also rotationally asymmetric, and a significant rotationally asymmetric aberration occurs in the projection optical system.
- the present invention has been made under such circumstances, and a first object thereof is to provide an exposure apparatus capable of realizing highly accurate exposure.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide an exposure method capable of realizing highly accurate exposure.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide a device manufacturing method capable of improving the productivity of a highly integrated device. Disclosure of the invention
- an exposure apparatus that illuminates a mask with an energy beam, and transfers a pattern formed on the mask onto a photosensitive object via a projection optical system.
- An illumination system for illuminating a mask; and an energy beam for dummy irradiation toward the projection optical system without passing through the mask.
- a first exposure apparatus comprising: According to this, an opening for transmitting a dummy irradiation energy beam toward a projection optical system without passing through a mask is formed in a mask stage that can move while holding the mask.
- the optical members constituting the projection optical system are locally (non-uniformly) heated. Even in this case, by irradiating the optical member with the energy beam for dummy irradiation through the opening while not performing the exposure, a portion of the optical member that is not heated during the above-described exposure is also heated. As a result, the unevenness of the heating state of the optical member can be reduced.
- the mask stage has a partition wall (or a part thereof) that surrounds the periphery of the mask and substantially hermetically seals the vicinity of the mask from the outside, so that the mask stage is equivalent to a case where the entire mask stage is covered with the partition wall.
- the size and weight of the device can be reduced.
- the space in the partition is replaced with a gas having low energy beam absorption
- the concentration of the light-absorbing substance in the space around the mask can be suppressed similarly to the case where the entire mask stage is covered with the partition.
- cost reduction is possible by reducing gas consumption. Therefore, high-precision exposure can be realized, and the size and weight of the apparatus can be reduced.
- rotational symmetry is different from “rotational symmetry” in the usual sense, that is, “a property that does not change when a figure or the like is rotated by a fixed angle around a fixed axis (symmetric axis)”.
- “Single figure, etc. around a fixed axis (symmetry axis) from 0 ° to 360 ° It does not change even if it is rotated at any angle of ". In all other cases, it is rotationally asymmetric. Therefore, even if the optical member is rotated at an arbitrary angle within the range of 0 ° to 360 ° around the optical axis of the projection optical system or the optical member, the same aberration always occurs when the optical member is rotated.
- a part of the opening formed in the mask stage also serves as an exposure opening for transmitting the energy beam to the projection optical system side when the pattern is transferred onto the photosensitive object.
- an exposure opening for transmitting the energy beam to the projection optical system side when the pattern is transferred onto the photosensitive object, and the opening are separately formed. It is good to be.
- the opening may have substantially the same size as a region where the energy beam is irradiated on the mask when projecting the pattern on the photosensitive object.
- a change mechanism for changing the lighting conditions of the lighting system may be further provided.
- the illumination condition for irradiating the energy beam through the opening is an illumination condition for alleviating a state of uneven distribution of heat due to the irradiation of the energy beam on the optical member in the projection optical system. be able to.
- a light-transmitting portion which is disposed on the illumination system side of the mask stage via a predetermined first clearance, and through which the energy beam transmits, is provided in a portion, and the mask stage has A first mask surface plate whose opposing surface is a movement guide surface of the mask stage; and the projection light of the mask stage.
- a light transmitting portion that is disposed on the scientific side via a predetermined second clearance and that transmits the energy beam is provided in a part thereof, and a surface facing the mask stage is a movement guide surface of the mask stage. And a second mask surface plate.
- the light transmitting portion of the first mask surface plate and the light transmitting portion of the second mask surface plate also serve as a path for the dummy irradiation energy beam different from the energy beam. can do.
- the dummy irradiation energy beam is inserted into the illumination system or on an optical path between the illumination system and the projection optical system through the opening.
- the energy beam may be an ultraviolet ray
- the energy beam for damping irradiation may be an infrared ray
- an exposure apparatus for illuminating a mask with an energy beam and transferring a pattern formed on the mask onto a photosensitive object, wherein an image of the pattern is provided on the photosensitive object.
- a second exposure apparatus comprising: a projection optical system for projecting; and an infrared irradiation mechanism capable of irradiating an optical member constituting the projection optical system with infrared rays and locally heating the optical member.
- an infrared irradiation mechanism capable of irradiating an optical member constituting the projection optical system with infrared rays and locally heating the optical member. For this reason, when transferring the pattern formed on the mask onto the photosensitive object via the projection optical system (at the time of exposure), the optical members constituting the projection optical system are locally (non-uniform) due to the irradiation of the energy beam. Even if it is heated, the remaining part of the optical member that is not heated by the energy beam irradiation is irradiated with infrared rays by the infrared irradiation mechanism and heated, resulting in the optical member being heated. Can be heated almost uniformly.
- the infrared irradiation mechanism may locally heat the optical member, thereby mitigating the uneven distribution of heat due to the irradiation of the energy beam of the optical member.
- the optical member may be a refractive optical element, or the optical member may be a reflective optical element.
- the infrared irradiating mechanism may irradiate the infrared ray to the back surface of the reflecting surface of the reflecting optical element that reflects the energy beam.
- the infrared irradiation mechanism may irradiate a part of the surface of the optical member with the infrared light.
- a part of the surface of the optical member may be a surface part of the optical member that is not irradiated with the energy beam while projecting the image of the pattern on the photosensitive object. it can.
- the infrared irradiation mechanism irradiates the optical member with infrared light having a wavelength of about 6 to 10 ⁇ m. It can be done.
- the infrared irradiation mechanism may include a plurality of fibers each having one end disposed near the optical member and emitting the infrared light to the optical member. it can.
- the first and second exposure apparatuses of the present invention further include a driving mechanism that drives at least one of the optical members constituting the projection optical system in an optical axis direction of the projection optical system. Can be done.
- the energy beam is a fluorine laser beam having a wavelength of 157 nm or an 8 ⁇ F excimer laser beam having a wavelength of 193 0 11 Can be.
- a mask arranged on a first surface is illuminated by an energy beam, and a pattern formed on the mask is projected onto a photosensitive object arranged on a second surface.
- a mask arranged on a first surface is illuminated by an energy beam, and a pattern formed on the mask is transferred onto a photosensitive object arranged on a second surface via a projection optical system.
- Step) in a state where the photosensitive object is not arranged on the second surface, and through a mask under an irradiation condition such that the uneven distribution of heat due to the irradiation of the energy beam of the optical member in the projection optical system in the transfer step is alleviated. Instead, irradiate the projection optical system with an energy beam for dummy irradiation (irradiation step).
- the optical members constituting the projection optical system are locally (non-uniformly) heated in the transfer process, the optical members can be heated substantially uniformly as a result of the treatment in the irradiation process. It becomes.
- the treatment in the irradiation step may be performed after the treatment in the transfer step, or may be performed prior to the treatment.
- the method further includes a step of inserting a beam splitter into an optical path space of the energy beam.
- the energy beam for dummy irradiation can be irradiated via a beam splitter.
- the irradiating step may be performed when exchanging the photosensitive object on an object stage holding the photosensitive object.
- a mask is illuminated with an energy beam, a pattern formed on the mask is transferred onto a photosensitive object via a projection optical system (transfer step), and an optical member constituting the projection optical system is irradiated with infrared rays. Then, the optical member is locally heated (heating step). For this reason, even if the optical member constituting the projection optical system is locally (non-uniformly) heated by the energy beam irradiation in the transfer step, the optical member is not heated by the energy beam irradiation in the heating step. Since the remaining part of the member is irradiated with infrared rays and heated, the optical member can be heated substantially uniformly as a result.
- the heat distribution of the optical member due to the irradiation of the energy beam in the transfer step is a rotationally asymmetric distribution with respect to the optical axis of the optical member, and the heat distribution is The heating can be performed so as to be rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis.
- the plurality of fibers are Irradiation with infrared light may be performed.
- the optical member in the heating step, may be irradiated with infrared rays from at least one fiber selected from the plurality of fibers in accordance with the uneven distribution of heat of the optical member.
- the infrared ray may be applied to a surface portion of the optical member that is not irradiated with the energy beam.
- the transfer step and the heating step can be performed in parallel.
- a device manufacturing method including a lithographic process.
- a photosensitive object is produced by using one of the first and second exposure apparatuses of the present invention.
- a device manufacturing method characterized by forming a circuit pattern thereon.
- the photosensitive object is a silicon wafer whose axis perpendicular to the surface substantially coincides with the [111] axis of the crystal axis, and the longitudinal direction of the gate pattern formed on the silicon wafer is [ [110] It can be aligned in one direction in the axial direction or a direction orthogonal to the equivalent axis.
- the light-sensitive object is a silicon wafer whose axis perpendicular to its surface substantially coincides with the [110] crystal axis, and the longitudinal direction of the gate pattern formed on the silicon wafer is [ [110] It can be aligned in one direction in the axial direction or a direction perpendicular to the axis equivalent thereto.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an exposure apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the reticle stage and its vicinity in a partially omitted manner.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the reticle stage.
- 4A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 3
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a reticle (phase shift reticle) used in the exposure apparatus of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a light amount distribution of an illumination light beam emitted from an illumination aperture stop
- FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a localization state of exposure light in a lens in a projection optical system
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an energy distribution of the exposure light in the projection optical system PL.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram showing a light amount distribution of an illumination light beam emitted from an illumination aperture stop at the time of dummy irradiation
- FIG. 8B is a diagram showing exposure light at a lens in a projection optical system at the time of dummy irradiation. It is a figure showing the state of.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a diffractive optical unit.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an illumination aperture stop plate.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a projection optical system according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangement of fibers introduced into the projection optical system.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining the device manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a specific example of step 204 in FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of an exposure apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- This exposure apparatus 100 irradiates a reticle R as a mask with exposure illumination light EL as an energy beam in a vacuum ultraviolet region, and scans the reticle R and a wafer W as a photosensitive object in a predetermined scanning direction ( Here, the direction of the Y axis) is relative scanned to transfer the pattern of reticle R onto wafer W via projection optical system PL.
- This is a projection exposure apparatus of the do-scan type, that is, a so-called scanning stepper.
- the exposure apparatus 100 includes a light source 101 and an illumination unit ILU, and is used as an illumination system for illuminating the reticle R with illumination light for exposure (hereinafter, referred to as “exposure light”) EL, and as a mask stage for holding the reticle R.
- exposure light illumination light
- As the light source 1 01 wherein it is assumed that the output wavelength (oscillation wavelength) 1 57 nm in full Tsu iodine laser (F 2 laser) is used.
- a wavelength of about 1 20 nm to about 1 80 nm another light source emitting light belonging to the vacuum ultraviolet region for example, the output wavelength 1 46 nm krypton dimer laser (K r 2 laser), the output wavelength even good good by using a 1 26 nm argon dimer laser (a r 2 laser), or an output wavelength 1 may be used 93 nm of a r F excimer laser.
- the light source 101 is an illumination system housing that constitutes an illumination unit I LU via a light transmission optical system (beam line) 102 having a beam shaping optical system 21 including optical elements such as a beam expander 103a and a cylinder lens 103b. It is connected to one end of 105.
- the light source 101 is actually a low-clean service room separate from the clean room in which the exposure unit including the illumination unit I LU and the projection optical system PL is installed, or a utility room under the floor of the clean room. And is installed in other places.
- the illumination unit ILU includes an illumination system housing 105, a diffractive optical unit 106 arranged inside thereof in a predetermined positional relationship, a relay lens 107, 109, a mirror 108, an optical integrator 110, and illumination.
- An illumination optical system consisting of a system aperture stop plate 1 1 1, relay lens 1 1 2, 1 1 4, reticle blind mechanism BL as a field stop, folding mirror 1 1 5, condenser lens 1 1 6, etc. Have been.
- Optical Integrator 110 Since a fly-eye lens is used in the present embodiment, the fly-eye lens will be referred to as “fly-eye lens 11 OJ” as appropriate.
- the diffractive optical unit 106 includes two diffractive optical elements 6a and 6b and a holder 6c that holds the diffractive optical elements 6a and 6b in a predetermined positional relationship (see FIG. 9). ).
- the holder 6c is rotated or slide-driven by a control device (not shown) via a drive mechanism (not shown), whereby one of the diffractive optical elements 6a and 6b is driven by the light source 10a. It is set selectively on the optical path of the illumination light (laser light) from 1.
- the incident illumination light is diverged within a predetermined angle range, and a light beam having a predetermined spread is incident on the incident surface of the fly-eye lens 110 arranged behind the optical path.
- An incident light is used.
- the diffractive optical element 6a is mainly used under illumination conditions of small ⁇ illumination described later.
- the other diffractive optical element 6 b is a predetermined distance from the optical axis from among a plurality of aperture stops constituting an illumination system aperture stop plate 111 installed on the exit-side focal plane of the fly-eye lens 110.
- an aperture stop such as a modified illumination stop described later in which an opening is arranged at a remote location is selected, the illumination light flux can be efficiently condensed at a position corresponding to the opening of the modified illumination stop.
- those having a diffraction grating pattern that diverges the incident illumination light in a relatively wide angle range are used.
- the fly-eye lens 110 as the optical integrator is arranged in such a manner that its exit-side focal plane coincides with the pupil plane of the illumination optical system (the plane on which the principal ray of the illumination light to each position on the reticle R converges).
- the illumination distribution for illuminating the reticle R is made uniform.
- the light (ultraviolet pulse light) emitted from the fly-eye lens 110 is nothing but the exposure light EL.
- the optical integrator 110 is not limited to a fly-eye lens, but may include other uniformizing members, such as a glass rod (a square pillar glass, That makes uniform the illuminance by using the internal reflection many times in the above) may be used.
- a glass rod a square pillar glass, That makes uniform the illuminance by using the internal reflection many times in the above
- the reticle blind mechanism BL must be connected to the exit-side focal plane of the glass rod or the reticle R side. It is arranged on a plane conjugate to the exit-side focal plane.
- the diffractive optical elements 6a and 6b are arranged near the entrance focal plane of the glass rod or near the plane conjugate with the incident focal plane closer to the light source 101.
- the diffractive optical elements 6a and 6b are arranged near the entrance focal plane of the glass rod or near the plane conjugate with the incident focal plane closer to the light source 101.
- the material of the glass rod is not limited to glass, and in the present embodiment, ultraviolet light having a wavelength shorter than 200 nm is used as the exposure light. It is desirable to use materials (synthetic quartz, fluorite, lithium fluoride, etc.). Needless to say, it is desirable to use a material that similarly transmits the exposure wavelength well for other lens materials constituting the illumination optical system.
- the illumination system aperture stop plate 1 11 is located near the exit surface of the fly-eye lens 110, that is, in the present embodiment, a circle arranged on the exit-side focal plane that almost coincides with the pupil plane of the illumination optical system. It is constituted by a plate-like member.
- This disk-shaped member, that is, the illumination system aperture stop plate 1 1 1 is provided at substantially equal angular intervals, for example, a ⁇ stop composed of an iris stop, a ring-shaped aperture stop for annular illumination, For example, a modified aperture stop in which two or four apertures are eccentrically arranged, and a diaphragm for irradiating a spot are arranged.
- the dummy irradiation aperture 11b has a circular shape centered on two points separated by a predetermined distance in the ⁇ ⁇ 'direction (corresponding to the ⁇ ⁇ direction in Fig. 1) from the center of the optical axis.
- a light-shielding part is formed, and the other part is a transmission part.
- the aperture of the ⁇ diaphragm 11a is continuously adjusted within a predetermined range by a control device (not shown). It can be changed to When the aperture diameter is set large, the ⁇ stop 11 a becomes a circular stop for normal illumination, and when the aperture diameter is reduced, a small ⁇ stop for reducing the ⁇ value, which is a coherence factor, is used. Become.
- the illumination system aperture stop plate 11 1 is rotated by a drive device 11 c such as a motor controlled by a control device (not shown), so that one of the aperture stops is exposed to the exposure light EL. It is selectively set on the optical path.
- a drive device 11 c such as a motor controlled by a control device (not shown)
- the reticle blind mechanism is actually arranged on a surface slightly defocused from a conjugate plane with respect to the pattern surface of the reticle R, and forms an opening having a predetermined shape that defines an illumination area on the reticle R.
- Fixed reticle blind 1 13a and the reticle R near the arrangement surface of the fixed reticle blind are arranged on the conjugate plane to the pattern surface of the reticle R, and the directions correspond to the scanning direction and the non-scanning direction orthogonal to the scanning direction.
- a movable reticle blind 113 b having an opening whose position and width are variable.
- the opening of the fixed reticle blind 1 1 3a is a slit that extends linearly in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the reticle R movement direction (Y-axis direction) during scanning exposure at the center of the circular field of view of the projection optical system PL. It shall be formed in a shape or a rectangular shape.
- the movable reticle blind 1 13 b is controlled by a control device (not shown) via a drive system (not shown).
- the luminous flux (laser beam) emitted from the light source 101 in the vacuum ultraviolet region is shown in the beam line 102.
- the beam is shaped by the beam shaping optical system 21 and is incident on the illumination unit ILU.
- the light beam entering the illumination unit ILU passes through the diffractive optical element 6a (or the diffractive optical element 6b) constituting the diffractive optical unit 106, and relay lenses 107, 109 and mirrors 100.
- the fly-eye lens 110 converts the intensity (illuminance) distribution into exposure light EL having a substantially uniform distribution.
- the exposure light EL transmitted through one of the aperture stops of the illumination aperture stop plate 111 arranged near the exit surface of the fly-eye lens 110 passes through the reticle blind mechanism BL via the relay lens 112. Illuminate the fixed reticle blinds 1 1 3a with uniform illuminance.
- the exposure light EL passing through the opening of the fixed reticle blind 113a then passes through the movable reticle blind 113b, and then passes through the relay lens 114, the folding mirror 115, and the capacitor lens 111.
- a predetermined illumination area (slit or rectangular illumination area extending linearly in the X-axis direction) on the reticle R is illuminated with a uniform illuminance distribution via 6.
- a gas having a strong absorption characteristic for light in such a wavelength band such as oxygen, water vapor, or a hydrocarbon-based gas, from the optical path (hereinafter, referred to as “absorptive gas” as appropriate).
- a gas having a characteristic of absorbing less light in the vacuum ultraviolet region than the absorbing gas for example, nitrogen, or helium, argon, neon, It is filled with a rare gas such as krypton or a mixture of these gases (hereinafter referred to as “low-absorbing gas” as appropriate).
- the concentration of the absorbent gas in the lighting system housing 105 is less than several ppm.
- the light paths inside the light source 101 and the light-sending optical system 102 are also filled with a low-absorbing gas, similarly to the illumination system housing 105 described above.
- An illumination system side surface plate 2 as a first mask surface plate is provided at an emission end of the exposure light EL of the illumination unit ILU via a telescopic sealing mechanism (bellows) 18.
- a projection system side surface plate 3 as a second mask surface plate is provided via a sealing mechanism (bellows) 29 that can extend and contract with the projection optical system PL.
- a plurality of (four in this case) support columns (spacers) 26 a to 26 d see FIG. 1, the support columns 26 c and 26 d are not shown (FIG. 4A,
- the projection system side surface plate 3 is supported by a support member (not shown) that stands upright from the floor of the clean room so that the upper surface is horizontal.
- the illumination system side surface plate 2 and the projection system side surface plate 3 are each formed of a material such as natural stone, ceramic, stainless steel, or the like.
- the upper surface of the system-side surface plate 3) is polished so that the unevenness becomes a smooth flat surface of several / or less.
- the surface plates 2 and 3 are made of natural stone or porous ceramic, it is preferable to coat the surface with a fluororesin or the like to prevent the adsorption and desorption of oxygen and water vapor on the surface. .
- the platens 2 and 3 have rectangular openings 2a and 3a as light transmitting portions for transmitting the exposure light flux.
- the reticle stage RST is disposed between the illumination system side surface plate 2 and the projection system side surface plate 3 with a predetermined clearance from each surface plate, and holds the reticle R in at least the Y-axis direction. It is movable.
- the position information of the reticle stage RST is always measured by the reticle laser interferometer 9 shown in FIG. 1 through a movable mirror provided on the reticle stage RST with a resolution of, for example, about 0.5 to 1 nm. It has become.
- the configuration of the reticle stage R ST and the reticle laser interferometer 9 will be described later in further detail.
- the projection optical system PL is a dioptric system composed of a plurality of lens elements (lenses) 30a to 30j (see FIG. 7) having a telecentric reduction system on both sides and a common optical axis in the Z-axis direction. Is used.
- the projection magnification; 8 of the projection optical system PL is, for example, 1 ⁇ 4 or 15.
- the lens 30a positioned at the top is supported at three points by a piezoelectric element PZ as a drive mechanism shown in FIG. Have been.
- the lens 30a is driven by these three piezoelectric elements PZ in the optical axis direction (Z-axis direction) and in the tilt direction with respect to the XY plane.
- one end of an air supply pipe 50 and one end of an exhaust pipe 51 are connected to the lens barrel of the projection optical system PL.
- the other end of the air supply line 50 is connected to a low-absorbency gas supply device (not shown), for example, a helium gas supply device.
- the other end of the exhaust pipe 51 is connected to an external gas recovery device. Then, high-purity helium gas is flowed from the helium gas supply device into the lens barrel of the projection optical system PL via the air supply line 50. In this case, the gas in the lens barrel is recovered by the gas recovery device via the exhaust pipe 51 and is reused.
- helium gas is used as the low-absorbing gas because it has strong absorption characteristics for light belonging to the vacuum ultraviolet region, such as oxygen, water vapor, and hydrocarbon gas, from the optical path inside the lens barrel.
- the cooling effect is high. That is, in the present embodiment, since the vacuum ultraviolet light is used as the exposure light EL, fluorite having a large thermal expansion coefficient is used as a material of the lens constituting the projection optical system PL. For this reason, the temperature rise caused by the lens absorbing the exposure light EL degrades the imaging characteristics of the lens. Therefore, it is desirable to use helium gas, which has a greater cooling effect than other low-absorbing gases such as nitrogen, as the purge gas inside the lens barrel of the projection optical system PL.
- the wafer stage WST is arranged in the wafer chamber 40.
- the wafer chamber 40 is covered with a partition wall 71 that is tightly joined to the lens barrel of the projection optical system PL. And the gas inside is isolated from the outside.
- the partition wall 71 of the wafer chamber 40 is formed of a material with little outgas such as stainless steel (SUS).
- the base BS force is horizontally supported via a plurality of vibration isolating units 86.
- the anti-vibration unit 86 insulates the vibration at the micro G level in order to suppress the transmission of the vibration accompanying the movement of the wafer stage WST to the projection optical system P L ⁇ reticle R.
- a so-called active vibration isolator that actively dampens the base BS based on the output of a vibration sensor such as a semiconductor accelerometer fixed to a part of the device is used as the vibration isolation unit 86. It is possible.
- the wafer stage WST holds the wafer W by vacuum suction or the like via a wafer holder 25, and moves in a two-dimensional XY direction along the upper surface of the base BS by a wafer drive system (not shown) including, for example, a linear motor. It can be driven freely.
- a wafer drive system including, for example, a linear motor. It can be driven freely.
- the optical path from the projection optical system PL to the wafer W is also required to avoid absorption of exposure light by an absorbing gas such as oxygen. It must be replaced with nitrogen or a rare gas.
- one end of an air supply pipe 41 and one end of an exhaust pipe 43 are connected to the partition 71 of the wafer chamber 40, respectively.
- the other end of the air supply pipe 41 is connected to a low-absorbency gas supply device (not shown), for example, a helium gas supply device.
- the other end of the exhaust pipe 43 is connected to an external gas recovery device.
- Helium gas is constantly flowing into the wafer chamber 40 in the same manner as described above. The reason why helium gas was used as the low-absorbing gas and the point that the recovered gas was reused are the same as described above.
- a light transmitting window 85 is provided on the + Y side wall of the partition wall 71 of the wafer chamber 40. Similarly, although not shown, a light-transmitting window is also provided on the side wall on the + X side (the back side of the paper surface in FIG. 1) of the partition wall 71. These light transmission windows
- the window (opening) formed in the partition wall 71 is configured by attaching a light transmitting member for closing the window, here a general optical glass.
- a metal seal such as indium or copper, or a seal with a fluororesin is used for the mounting part so that gas leakage does not occur from the part where the light transmitting member constituting the light transmitting window 85 is attached. (Sealing).
- a resin which has been heated at 80 ° C. for 2 hours and degassed as the above-mentioned fluororesin.
- a Y moving mirror 56Y composed of a plane mirror extends in the X-axis direction.
- the measuring beam from the Y-axis laser interferometer 57 Y disposed outside the wafer chamber 40 is projected onto the Y moving mirror 56 Y through the light transmission window 85 almost vertically, and the reflected beam is reflected.
- the light is received by the detector inside the Y-axis laser interferometer 57 through the light transmission window 85, and for example, the Y-moving mirror 56 Y based on the position of the reference mirror inside the Y-axis laser interferometer 57 Y , That is, the Y position of the wafer W is detected.
- an X moving mirror composed of a plane mirror is extended in the Y-axis direction. Then, the position of the X movable mirror, that is, the X position of the wafer W is detected by the X axis laser interferometer through the X movable mirror in the same manner as described above.
- the detected values (measured values) of the above two laser interferometers are supplied to a controller (not shown). The controller monitors the detected values of these laser interferometers and controls the wafer stage WST via the wafer drive system. Position control.
- the laser interferometer that is, the optical member such as the laser light source and the prism, the detector, and the like are arranged outside the wafer chamber 40, a small amount of light is absorbed from the detector or the like. Even if a volatile gas is generated, this does not adversely affect exposure.
- the other end of the air supply pipe 50 and the other end of the exhaust pipe 51 connected to the partition wall of the projection optical system PL are connected to a helium gas supply device (not shown).
- a helium gas supply device (not shown).
- High-purity helium gas is always supplied from the helium gas supply device via the air supply line 50 into the projection optical system PL, and the gas inside the projection optical system PL is supplied to the helium gas supply device via the exhaust line 51.
- a configuration in which helium gas is circulated and used in this manner may be adopted.
- the helium gas in the projection optical system PL can be used.
- the concentration of other absorbing gases oxygen, water vapor, organic matter, etc.
- a sensor such as a pressure sensor or an absorptive gas concentration sensor is provided in the projection optical system PL, and is built into the helium gas supply device via a control device (not shown) based on the measurement value of the sensor. It is also possible to appropriately control the operation and stop of the pump that has been performed.
- a helium gas circulation path similar to the above may be employed in the wafer chamber 40.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the reticle stage RST partially omitted
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the reticle stage RST
- FIG. 4A is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 3
- FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG.
- the reticle stage R ST is held between the surface plates 2 and 3 in a non-contact state while being sandwiched between the illumination system surface plate 2 and the projection system surface plate 3 as described above.
- the reticle stage RST includes a reticle coarse movement stage 4 and a reticle held by the reticle coarse movement stage 4 so as to be surrounded by three directions of the earth Z direction and the one Y direction.
- a fine movement stage 5 is provided.
- the reticle coarse movement stage 4 has an upper plate part 46 a arranged at a minute interval of a few microns below the illumination system side platen 2, and a few microns from the upper surface of the projection system side platen 3.
- the movers 48a and 48b of the linear motors RM1 and RM2 are provided on both side surfaces in the X-axis direction of the lower plate portion 46c via support members 47a and 47b.
- the member 47a and the mover 48a are not shown, see FIG. 4A).
- These movers 48a, 48b are driven in the Y-axis direction by electromagnetic interaction with the stators 49a, 49b extending along the Y-axis direction, whereby the reticle coarse movement stage 4 is moved. Driven in the Y-axis direction.
- the stators 49a and 49b can be supported by a stand (not shown) that supports the surface plates 2 and 3, but separately from this, it is mounted on the floor F of the clean room via an anti-vibration mechanism.
- a support mechanism (not shown) may be provided and supported by the support mechanism.
- the position where the movers 48a and 48b are attached is not limited to the lower plate portion 46c, but may be the intermediate portion 46b.
- the reticle coarse movement stage 4 is accelerated and decelerated by the thrust generated by the linear motors RM1 and RM2 integrally with the moving elements 48a and 48b. It is desirable that the position) coincides with the position of the center of gravity of the entire reticle coarse movement stage 4.
- the surfaces facing the reticle coarse movement stage 4 of the illumination system side surface plate 2 and the projection system side surface plate 3, respectively, are parallel to the upper surface and the bottom surface of the reticle coarse movement stage 4, respectively. .
- the minute interval between platens 2 and 3 and reticle coarse movement stage 4 is almost constant. Is kept.
- the intermediate portion 46b has embedded therein Y-axis microactuators AC1 and AC2 composed of voice coil motors and the like and X-axis microactuator AC3. ing.
- the movers of these microactuators AC1 to AC3 are connected to the reticle fine movement stage 5 via stage holding members 42a, 42b, 42c, respectively. Therefore, the reticle fine movement stage 5 is driven in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, 0 It is designed to be minutely driven in the z direction (the direction of rotation around the Z axis).
- a part of them is taken out of the middle part 46b to adopt a configuration that facilitates heat radiation. ing.
- the reticle coarse movement stage 4 includes a differential exhaust type gas static pressure bearing for maintaining a predetermined clearance between the illumination system side surface plate 2 and the projection system side surface plate 3, and a reticle fine movement stage.
- a differential exhaust type gas static pressure bearing is provided to maintain a predetermined clearance between the bearings 5 and 5. These will be described in more detail later.
- the reticle fine movement stage 5 includes a bottom member 55 and a partition wall 52 fixed to the upper surface of the bottom member 55.
- the bottom member 55 is formed of a plate-shaped member, and a rectangular exposure opening 55a is formed near the center thereof, and + Y of the exposure opening 55a is formed.
- an irradiation opening 55b for dummy irradiation which has almost the same size as the region (illumination region) where the exposure light EL is irradiated onto the reticle R during exposure.
- a plurality (here, four) of reticle holding mechanisms 53 are provided around the opening 55a.
- the reticle holding mechanism 53 is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown) installed in the exposure apparatus via a vacuum pipe 54 introduced on the bottom member 55, and the reticle R is connected to the reticle holding mechanism.
- the vacuum pipe 54 is introduced through the reticle coarse movement stage 4 into the reticle fine movement stage 5 by a gas introduction terminal such as a VCR gas connector.
- the vacuum piping 44 in the reticle coarse movement stage 4 is bundled with a wiring bundle 39 together with other electric wiring connected to an actuator or the like, and connected to a vacuum pump.
- the vacuum pump may be provided in the exposure apparatus, but a vacuum pipe supplied from a vacuum pipe of a semiconductor factory or a pipe of reduced-pressure air may be used as a vacuum source. This point The same applies to the vacuum pump described hereinafter.
- the partition wall 52 includes a side wall portion surrounding all sides, and a ceiling portion provided at the upper end of the side wall portion and having a rectangular opening 52a shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the rectangular opening 52a is used to connect the exposure opening 55a for passing the exposure light EL, the irradiation opening 55b, and the partition between the openings 55a and 55b. The combined area is once larger.
- the partition 52 and the bottom surface member 55 form a holding space SS for holding the reticle.
- the ceiling has an upper end face opposed to annular concave grooves 58, 59 to be described later.
- a flat mirror 91c is provided outside the holding space SS of the reticle fine movement stage 5 and on the -X side surface of the partition wall 52, as shown in FIG. 4B.
- the flat mirror 91c is irradiated with a light beam from a reticle laser interferometer 9c provided on the X side thereof, and the position of the reticle fine movement stage 5 (that is, reticle R) in the X-axis direction is adjusted by the reticle laser.
- the interferometer 9c always detects the light with a resolution of about 0.5 to 1 nm.
- retroreflectors 91a and 91b as reflection members are provided with mounting members 104a and 104a. It is provided via 104b (see Fig. 2).
- the reticle laser interferometers 9a and 9b respectively irradiate the laser beams onto the reticule reflectors 9a and 9lb, and the reticle fine movement stage 5 (i.e., reticle R) at the irradiation point of each laser beam. Is constantly detected by the reticle laser interferometers 9a and 9b with a resolution of, for example, about 0.5 to 1 nm.
- the reticle fine movement stage 5 (that is, reticle R) in the Sz direction (rotation direction around the Z axis) is determined. Rotation is required.
- the flat mirror 9 1c and the retro-reflectors 9 1a and 9 1b For example, one X-side end surface and the + Y-side end surface of the bottom member 55 may be mirror-finished.
- first bearing j a differential exhaust type gas static pressure bearing (hereinafter, referred to as a “first bearing j”) that forms a minute gap between the reticle coarse movement stage 4 and the projection system side surface plate 3 will be described.
- first bearing j a differential exhaust type gas static pressure bearing
- An annular concave groove 32 is formed, and one end of an air supply pipe 37 is connected to the air supply side annular concave groove 31 via an air supply line 35 formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4.
- the other end of the air supply pipe 37 is connected to a gas supply device (not shown), and the exhaust-side annular concave groove 32 is connected to an exhaust pipe 36 formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4.
- One end of the exhaust pipe 38 is connected, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 38 is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown).
- a low-absorbing gas such as nitrogen or a rare gas sent from the gas supply device through the air supply pipe 37 is supplied through the air supply pipe 35 formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4.
- Gas from the supply-side annular groove 31, and gas around the exhaust-side annular groove 32 does not pass through the exhaust-side annular groove 32, the exhaust pipe 36, and the exhaust pipe 38.
- the c adapted to be sucked and exhausted by the illustrated vacuum pump results, a reticle coarse motion stage 4, it is Rukoto by a minute distance floated from the projection system surface plate 3, in the gap between the small distance Since a gas flow from the inner groove 31 to the outer groove 32 is formed (see the dotted arrow in FIG.
- the outside of the reticle coarse movement stage 4 is set inside the reticle coarse movement stage 4, that is, the opening is formed. 4 Prevents outside air (oxygen, water vapor) from entering the b side It has become as to be.
- the first bearing is substantially constituted by the entire lower plate portion 46c.
- differential exhaust is performed to make the space between the reticle coarse movement stage 4 and the illumination system side platen 2 airtight.
- Type of hydrostatic bearing hereinafter referred to as “second bearing”).
- a supply-side annular groove 27 is formed somewhat inside the outer edge portion thereof, and exhaust is provided outside the supply-side annular groove 27.
- a side annular concave groove 28 is formed.
- One end of the above-described air supply pipe 3F is connected to the air supply side annular concave groove 27 via an air supply pipe line 35 formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4.
- one end of the above-described exhaust pipe 38 is connected to the exhaust-side annular concave groove 28 via an exhaust pipe 36 formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4.
- a low-absorbing gas such as nitrogen or a rare gas sent from the gas supply device through the air supply pipe 37 is supplied through the air supply pipe line 35 formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4 to the supply side annular. While being ejected from the groove 27, the gas around the exhaust-side annular groove 28 is discharged through the exhaust-side annular groove 28, the exhaust line 36, and the exhaust pipe 38 to a vacuum pump (not shown). Is sucked and exhausted. As a result, a predetermined clearance is maintained between the reticle coarse movement stage 4 and the illumination system side platen 2, and a gas flow from the inside to the outside within the predetermined clearance (dotted line in FIG. 3).
- the second bearing is substantially constituted by the entire upper plate portion 46a.
- a differential exhaust gas static pressure bearing (hereinafter, referred to as a "third bearing") that forms a minute gap between the lower plate portion 46c of the reticle coarse movement stage 4 and the reticle fine movement stage 5 Will be described.
- an air supply side annular groove 33 is formed outside the opening 4 b, and further on the air supply side annular groove 33 outside the supply side annular groove 33.
- An annular concave groove 34 is formed.
- One end of the above-described air supply pipe 37 is connected to the air supply-side annular concave groove 33 through an air supply pipe 35 formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4.
- the exhaust side annular groove 34 is formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4.
- One end of the aforementioned exhaust pipe 38 is connected via the exhaust pipe 36.
- a low-absorbing gas such as nitrogen or a rare gas sent from the gas supply device through the air supply pipe 37 is supplied through the air supply pipe line 35 formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4 to the supply side annular.
- the gas around the exhaust-side annular groove 34 is exhausted through the exhaust-side annular groove 34, the exhaust line 36, and the exhaust pipe 38 to a vacuum pump (not shown). Is sucked and exhausted.
- the lower end surface of the reticle fine movement stage 5 is disposed above the annular concave grooves 33, 34, so that the gas injected from the annular concave groove 33 is It flows around it while pushing up 5, and is sucked in the groove 34.
- the reticle fine movement stage 5 slightly floats from the reticle coarse movement stage 4 by the push-up action of the gas injected from the groove 33, thereby achieving the close arrangement (floating support).
- a gas flow (see dotted arrow in FIG. 3) is formed between groove 3 and groove 3 4 from groove 33 to groove 34 so that reticle fine movement stage 5 can be moved from outside reticle fine movement stage 5. It is possible to prevent outside air (oxygen, water vapor) from entering the inside, that is, the space where the reticle R is held.
- the third bearing is substantially constituted by the lower plate portion 46c.
- a differential exhaust gas static pressure bearing (hereinafter, referred to as a "fourth bearing") for hermetically sealing the space between the upper plate portion 46a of the reticle coarse movement stage 4 and the reticle fine movement stage 5 will be described. explain.
- an air supply side annular groove 58 is formed outside the opening 4 a, and further on the air supply side annular groove 58 outside the supply side annular groove 58.
- An annular concave groove 59 is formed.
- One end of the above-mentioned air supply pipe 37 is connected to the air supply side annular concave groove 58 via an air supply pipe line 35 formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4.
- one end of the above-described exhaust pipe 38 is connected to the exhaust-side annular concave groove 59 via an exhaust pipe 36 formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4.
- a low-absorbing gas such as nitrogen or a rare gas sent from the gas supply device via the air supply pipe 37 is supplied to the supply side annular groove 5 through the air supply pipe line 35 formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4. 8 and the gas around the exhaust-side annular groove 59 is sucked by a vacuum pump (not shown) through the exhaust-side annular groove 59, the exhaust pipe 36, and the exhaust pipe 38. It is designed to be exhausted.
- the upper end surface of the reticle fine movement stage 5 and the reticle coarse movement stage 4 are located below the annular concave grooves 58, 59 because the upper end surface of the reticle fine movement stage 5 is arranged close to the upper surface.
- a predetermined distance between 6a and the groove can be maintained, and between the annular groove 58 and the annular groove 59, the gas flows from the groove 58 to the groove 59 (see the dotted arrow in FIG. 3). Is formed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent outside air (oxygen and water vapor) from entering the inside of the reticle fine movement stage 5 from the outside of the reticle fine movement stage 5, that is, the space side where the reticle R is held.
- the fourth bearing is substantially constituted by the upper plate portion 46a.
- the relative movement amount between the reticle coarse movement stage 4 and the reticle fine movement stage 5 is a small amount enough to correct the position control of the reticle coarse movement stage 4 by the linear motors RM 1 and RM 2. / m width.
- the rigidity of the bearings provided between them that is, the third and fourth bearings
- the reticle coarse movement stage Differential exhaust ie, differential exhaust by the third and fourth bearings
- a bearing between the reticle coarse movement stage 4 and the reticle fine movement stage 5 that is, 3, 4th bearing
- each stage is supported in a non-contact manner, and the reticle coarse movement stage 4 and the illumination system side platen 2 are inserted into the space holding the reticle R. , The gap between the projection system side surface plate 3 and the reticle coarse movement stage 4 Inflow of gas from the outside through the gap between the stage and the fine movement stage 5 is almost completely prevented.
- a part of the nitrogen or rare gas flowing through the air supply pipe 37 connected to the reticle coarse movement stage 4 Holding space by flowing into the opening from the side wall of the opening 4a and the opening 4b formed in the reticle coarse movement stage 4 through the supply branch pipes 22 1a and 22 1b branched from A gas supply mechanism for supplying nitrogen or a rare gas into the SS can be realized.
- the gas supply mechanism and the gas exhaust mechanism make it possible to replace the space holding the reticle R with nitrogen or a rare gas that absorbs little exposure light, in addition to the above airtightness.
- the air supply branch pipes 22 1 a and 22 1 b may be provided between the supply side annular concave grooves 58 and 33 and the openings 4 a and 4 b.
- the reticle R is adsorbed and held by the reticle holding mechanism 53 provided near the exposure opening 55a of the reticle stage R ST (reticle fine movement stage 5) as described above. As shown in FIG. 5, a circuit pattern 61 to be transferred onto the wafer W is drawn on the reticle R in a pattern area PA provided at the center thereof.
- the circuit pattern 61 is a phase shift pattern, and is composed of a group of about 3 to 5 transmission patterns arranged in the Y-axis direction on the background of the light-shielding portion and having the X-axis direction as a longitudinal direction. .
- Each transmission pattern is a phase shift reticle pattern that alternately inverts the phase of the transmitted light in the transmission section every other transmission pattern. Then, when this pattern is transferred onto the wafer W, the light-shielding portion sandwiched between the transmissive portions of the circuit pattern 61 becomes the gate of the transistor. Therefore, in the reticle of FIG. 5, the direction of the gate transferred onto the wafer W (the length of the gate pattern) Direction) is aligned with the X-axis direction.
- the exposure is performed using the phase shift reticle R as shown in FIG. 5, so that the exposure light EL for illuminating the reticle R has a coherence factor ( ⁇ value) of Small illumination light, that is, illumination light having a small incident angle range to the reticle, is suitable in terms of resolution and depth of focus. Therefore, when performing exposure using the phase shift reticle R, the control device (not shown) sets the ⁇ stop 11 a on the illumination aperture stop plate 11 1 near the exit surface of the fly-eye lens 110 to the exposure light. At the same time as setting it on the optical path, the aperture of the ⁇ stop is narrowed down, and the small illumination condition is set as the illumination condition.
- ⁇ value coherence factor
- control device selectively sets, on the optical path, a diffractive optical element 6a on the side where the divergence angle of the transmitted light flux is small as a diffractive optical element for guiding the exposure light EL to the stop 11a.
- the numerical aperture of the illumination light beam with respect to reticle R is set small.
- a predetermined reticle alignment using a reticle alignment system (not shown), an optics alignment sensor (not shown), and measurement of baseline of the alignment sensor, etc.
- Preparation work is performed.
- the control device after the alignment of the wafer W using an alignment sensor (eg, EGA (Enhanced Global) alignment) is completed, the array coordinates of a plurality of shot areas on the wafer W are set. Is required.
- the control device sets the X-axis laser interferometer and the Y-axis laser interferometer on the wafer side based on the above-mentioned alignment result.
- the wafer stage WST is moved via the wafer drive system to the acceleration start position (scanning start position) for the exposure of the first shot (first shot area) of the wafer W while monitoring the measurement value of the wafer W.
- the controller starts scanning the reticle stage RST and the wafer stage WST in the Y-axis direction via the reticle driving system and the wafer driving system, and when both stages RST and WST reach their respective target scanning speeds, The pattern area of the reticle R starts to be illuminated by the exposure light EL, and the scanning exposure is started.
- the light intensity distribution of the illuminating light flux emitted from the aperture 11a is as shown in Fig. 6A (in Fig. 6A, the hatched area indicates the illuminating light flux). (The area where the energy density of exposure light is high). This is because when exposure is performed using the phase shift reticle R in FIG. 5, the illumination state (small ⁇ illumination) in which illumination light is concentrated in a small circle near the optical axis is suitable. is there. As shown in FIG. 1, since there is a bending mirror 115 between the reticle R and the ⁇ stop 11a, the Y ′ direction in FIG. 6A corresponds to the Z direction in FIG. ing.
- the circuit pattern of the reticle R is reduced and transferred to the resist layer in the first shot area on the wafer W via the projection optical system PL.
- the wafer stage WST is step-moved in the X-axis direction by a control device (not shown), and the acceleration start position (scanning start position) for the exposure of the second shot area is performed. (Ie, stepping operation between shots is performed).
- control device (not shown) performs the same scanning exposure on the second shot area as described above.
- the scanning exposure of the shot area on the wafer W and the stepping operation for exposing the next shot area are repeatedly performed, and the circuit pattern of the reticle R is sequentially applied to all the shot areas to be exposed on the wafer W. Transcribed. And C) At the stage where the exposure to all the exposure shot areas on W has been completed, the wafer stage WST is replaced with a new wafer.
- control device unloads a wafer on the wafer stage WST and loads a new wafer via a wafer exchange robot (not shown).
- the circuit pattern formed on the reticle R in FIG. 5 has a phase shift pattern whose longitudinal direction coincides with the X-axis direction and has periodicity in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, the transmitted light undergoes a diffraction operation of the reticle pattern, and as a result, the energy distribution of the exposure light in the projection optical system PL is as shown in FIG.
- a pupil plane of the projection optical system PL (a plane on which a principal ray of a light beam emitted from each point on the reticle R converges to one point) is provided with an aperture stop 63 composed of, for example, an iris stop.
- Exposure light is concentrated (localized) in two circular areas separated by a predetermined distance.
- two areas indicated by hatching indicate areas where the energy density of exposure light is high.
- the lens in the projection optical system PL is controlled in order to suppress the occurrence of the rotationally asymmetric aberration. Is performed.
- the light intensity distribution in the projection optical system PL is inverted with respect to the distribution in FIG.
- rotationally asymmetric heating heat generation of the lenses 30c to 30h near the pupil plane 30p of the projection optical system PL is performed.
- the heating state should be as rotationally symmetric as possible.
- the control device controls the illumination system aperture stop plate 111 described above.
- the control device controls the diffractive optical element of the diffraction optical unit 106 with a fine pitch diffraction that gives a large divergence angle to the transmitted light flux.
- a diffractive optical element 6b consisting of a grating (see Fig. 9).
- the light amount distribution of the exposure light EL after transmitting through the dummy irradiation aperture 11b has a distribution as shown in FIG. 8A. Also in this case, since the bending mirror 1 15 is provided between the reticle R and the dummy irradiation diaphragm 1 1 b, the Y ′ direction in FIG. 8A corresponds to the Z direction in FIG. I have.
- the control device drives the reticle stage RST so that the irradiation opening 55 b provided in proximity to the + Y side of the exposure opening 55 a substantially coincides with the exposure light transmitting position. That is, the positioning is performed so that the center of the irradiation aperture 55b substantially coincides with the optical axis of the illumination optical system (coincides with the optical axis of the projection optical system PL).
- the reticle R since the reticle R does not exist on the irradiation opening 55b, the exposure light is incident on the projection optical system PL without being shielded and diffracted by the reticle R.
- a light quantity distribution as shown in FIG. 8B is formed in the vicinity of the pupil plane 30p of the projection optical system PL.
- the light quantity distribution in FIG. 8B is similar to the light quantity distribution (FIG. 8A) of the exposure light EL after passing through the dummy irradiation aperture 11b.
- the inside of the projection optical system PL, particularly the lens near the pupil plane 30p, is shown in FIG.
- the portions indicated by hatching are heated and generate heat. Therefore, when the wafer W is exposed, the light amount distribution formed near the surface 30p (see FIG. 6B) and the light amount distribution formed near the pupil surface 30p by the dummy irradiation (see FIG. 8B) And the lens 30 c to 30 h near the pupil plane 30 p can be set to a substantially uniform heating state (that is, a rotationally symmetric heating state), and uniform expansion It can be done. As a result, it is possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of rotationally asymmetric aberration in the projection optical system PL.
- the control device drives the movable lens (the lens 30a shown in FIG. 1 in this embodiment) via the driving mechanism PZ by a small amount in the optical axis direction of the projection optical system PL, so that the correction is performed.
- control device executes the dummy irradiation each time the wafer is replaced or at the timing of replacing a predetermined number of wafers.
- a change mechanism is configured to change the illumination conditions of the illumination system when irradiating the projection optical system PL with the exposure light EL through the opening 55b.
- the reticle stage RST that can move while holding the reticle R is provided with the projection optical system PL without passing the exposure light EL through the reticle. Irradiation openings 55b are formed so as to transmit light toward.
- a lens constituting the projection optical system PL is used.
- 30 c to 30 h are locally (non-uniformly) heated Even when the exposure is not performed, the lenses 30c to 30h are irradiated with the exposure light EL through the irradiation openings 55b while the exposure is not performed. The portions that were not heated during the above exposure can also be heated, and as a result, the unevenness of the heating state of the lenses 30c to 30h can be reduced.
- an aberration that is difficult to correct the projection optical system PL caused by the non-uniform heating of the lenses 30c to 30h, that is, an aberration that is not rotationally symmetric (rotationally asymmetric) about the optical axis occurs.
- a rotationally symmetric aberration occurs in the projection optical system PL.
- the exposure apparatus 100 moves the lens 30a constituting the projection optical system PL to the optical axis direction (Z-axis direction) of the projection optical system PL. Since the lens 30a in the projection optical system PL is driven through this driving mechanism PZ, the aforementioned rotationally symmetric aberration can be easily corrected. You can do it.
- Exposure apparatus 100 is disposed on the illumination system side of reticle stage RST via a predetermined clearance, has an opening 2a through which exposure light EL passes, and has a surface facing reticle stage RST.
- the opening 3a through which the exposure light EL is transmitted is disposed through a predetermined clearance between the illumination system side platen 2 which is the moving guide surface of the reticle stage RST and the projection optical system PL side of the reticle stage RST.
- the reticle stage RST is provided with a projection system side surface plate 3 whose surface facing the reticle stage RST is a moving guide surface of the reticle stage RST.
- the reticle stage RST has a partition wall 52 that surrounds the periphery of the reticle R (mainly around the side surface) and substantially seals the vicinity of the reticle R from the outside.
- the reticle R is almost entirely surrounded by the partition walls 52 and the platens 2 and 3. Therefore, the same effect as in the case where the entire reticle stage RST is covered with the partition walls can be obtained, and the size and weight of the apparatus can be reduced.
- the space SS in the partition 52 is replaced with a low-absorbing gas having a small absorption of the exposure light EL
- the light-absorbing substance in the space around the reticle R is the same as when the entire reticle stage is covered with the partition. Can be kept low, but the cost can be reduced by reducing the amount of gas used.
- vacuum ultraviolet light is used as the exposure light EL, the resolution of the projection optical system PL can be improved.
- the exposure apparatus 100 high-precision exposure can be realized, and the size and weight of the apparatus can be reduced.
- the exposure apparatus 100 illuminates the illumination system with the illumination system when transferring the pattern onto the wafer W and when irradiating the projection optical system PL with the exposure light EL through the illumination opening 55b.
- a change mechanism (106, 1111) for changing conditions is provided. In this case, by using this changing mechanism, the illumination condition is changed according to the pattern on the reticle R, the energy density distribution of the exposure light EL near the pupil plane of the projection optical system PL under the illumination condition, and It is possible to set the illumination conditions so that the energy density distribution of the exposure light EL, which is just the opposite distribution, is generated near the pupil plane of the projection optical system P during dummy irradiation.
- the exposure method performed by the exposure apparatus 100 when the above-described exposure (transfer of the pattern of the reticle R) is not performed on the wafer, specifically, when the wafer is replaced, the image plane of the projection optical system PL is not changed.
- the illumination that reduces the uneven distribution of heat due to the irradiation of the exposure light EL to the lenses 30c to 30h in the projection optical system PL during exposure when the wafer W is exposed Under the conditions, dummy irradiation for irradiating the projection optical system PL with the exposure light EL without passing through the reticle R is performed.
- the lenses 30c to 3Oh constituting the projection optical system PL are locally (non-uniformly) heated during the transfer of the pattern of the reticle R, the dummy irradiation is performed.
- the processing it is possible to heat the lenses 30c to 30h and the like almost uniformly.
- High-precision exposure while maintaining good imaging characteristics of the PL It is possible to manifest.
- the dummy irradiation of the exposure light through the irradiation opening 55b is performed in parallel with the wafer exchange included in the exposure sequence. There is almost no decrease in throughput.
- the irradiation opening 55b is formed separately from the exposure opening 55a (in the vicinity of the exposure opening).
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the dimension of the aperture in the scanning direction is set to be longer, and a part of the exposure aperture also serves as the irradiation aperture.
- a reticle in which the longitudinal direction of the pattern is aligned in one direction is adopted as the reticle R, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the reticle R may extend in a predetermined direction.
- This is also effective when a general reticle pattern having a pattern as a direction and a pattern as a longitudinal direction in a direction orthogonal to a predetermined direction in a two-dimensional plane is used.
- the present invention is effective not only for exposure using a combination of illumination having a small ⁇ value and a phase shift reticle, but also for using modified illumination having a large localization degree of illumination light.
- the distribution of the exposure light formed on the pupil plane of the projection optical system is compared with the distribution of the amount of illumination light whose shape is the inverse of the shape of the illumination light during the dummy irradiation. It may be formed on the pupil plane.
- the present invention is most effective when applied to such exposure conditions.
- the rotationally symmetric aberration is obtained by driving the uppermost lens 30a of the lenses 30a to 30j constituting the projection optical system PL in the optical axis direction.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and it is also possible to correct rotationally symmetric aberrations by driving other lenses.
- a gas chamber may be provided between the lens and the lens adjacent to the specific lens, and rotationally symmetric aberration may be corrected by changing the pressure of the gas chamber.
- the mirror element which constitutes a part of the projection optical system, is moved by a small amount in the optical axis direction, so that rotationally symmetric aberrations can be reduced. Correction is possible.
- the openings are formed as the light transmitting portions of the illumination system side surface plate 2 and the projection system side surface plate 3.
- the present invention is not limited to this. It may be configured, or a portion through which the exposure light is transmitted may be configured by a transparent member.
- the transparent member in this case, fluorite or modified quartz can be used as in the projection optical system and the illumination optical system.
- a low-absorbing gas such as nitrogen or a rare gas is used as the gas used for the differentially exhausted gas static pressure bearing.
- the present invention is not limited to this. If the amount of exhaust by the pump is larger than the amount of air supplied by the gas supply device, air or the like may be adopted.
- the upper plate part 46a and the lower plate part 46c constituting the reticle coarse movement stage 4 are connected only by the middle part 46b.
- a support column connecting the upper plate part 46a and the lower plate part 46c is further provided at the front side (+ Y side) of the reticle coarse movement stage 4 on the Y side to improve the rigidity. It is also possible to do so.
- the gas supplied to each bearing and the gas supplied to the holding space SS where the reticle is held are controlled at a predetermined temperature (for example, 22 ° C.), and It is desirable to use one from which foreign substances such as particles, organic substances, and water vapor have been sufficiently removed.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 22 ° C.
- the present invention is not limited to this. A similar air-tightness effect can be obtained by forming a structure, supplying gas from a groove located at the middle of them, and sucking gas from two grooves sandwiching the intermediate groove.
- a quadruple-structure bearing in which the above-mentioned double structure is formed as a double structure can be employed. That is, the number of grooves can be arbitrarily selected for each bearing.
- the dummy irradiation energy beam has an infrared region different from the exposure light.
- Light or the like may be applied.
- the energy beam for dummy irradiation (for example, infrared rays) is directed toward the projection optical system PL via the opening 2a, the opening 4a, the opening 55b, the opening 4b, and the opening 3a without passing through the reticle R. Can be irradiated.
- a beam splitter inserted into the optical path of the exposure light at the time of dummy irradiation is provided, and the energy beam for dummy irradiation (for example, infrared light) is transmitted to the projection optical system PL through each of the openings by the beam splitter.
- An infrared irradiation mechanism for irradiating the light may be provided.
- the beam splitter is inserted into the optical path space of the exposure light prior to the dummy irradiation, and thereafter, the infrared rays are irradiated through the beam splitter.
- the insertion position of the beam splitter may be between the projection optical system PL and the illumination unit ILU, or in the illumination unit ILU.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 11A and 11B.
- the same or equivalent parts as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be simplified or omitted.
- the exposure apparatus according to the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in the configuration of the projection optical system, and the configuration of the other parts is the same. Therefore, The following description focuses on the differences from the viewpoint of avoiding redundant description.
- FIG. 11A shows a schematic configuration of a projection optical system P L ′ included in the exposure apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- a fiber FB (particularly a fiber in which the inner surface of a hollow glass tube is coated with aluminum) FB is introduced into the projection optical system PL 'from the outside.
- optical engine member such as lenses (30 c, 30 d, 30 g) each of the plurality of fibers against FB, the outer periphery of the ⁇ FB n lens At predetermined angular intervals.
- These fibers FB are connected to an infrared irradiation source (not shown) provided outside the projection optical system PL '.
- an infrared irradiation mechanism is composed of a plurality of fibers FBFBD and an infrared irradiation source (not shown).
- a lens 30 a ⁇ 30 j constituting the projection optical system PL 'is fluorite is used.
- the infrared rays with wavelengths of about 6 to 10 jum, which the fluorite lens absorbs relatively well are emitted from the fiber FB ⁇ FBn that constitutes the infrared irradiation mechanism to the lens (30c, 30d, 30g). It has become.
- a semiconductor laser using a compound semiconductor such as lead sulfur selenide, lead tin selenide, and lead tin telluride can be used as the infrared irradiation source.
- the pattern of the reticle R is transferred to the wafer W in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- a control device (not shown) adjusts the exposure light to the optical members constituting the projection optical system PL ', for example, the lenses (30c, 30d, 30g), according to the pattern of the reticle used for the exposure and the illumination conditions.
- Calculate the distribution of heat predict the uneven distribution of heat that will occur in the lens (30 c, 30 d, 30 g) based on the calculated distribution of exposure light, and Fiber FB Select an appropriate fiber from FBn and lens infrared rays from the selected fiber (30 c, 30 d, 30 g) Irradiation.
- Infrared light is applied to either one of the incident or exit surface of the exposure light, or both the entrance and exit surfaces of each lens (30c, 30d, 30g). You may do it.
- the reticle pattern and illumination condition for example, when to be a heat generation state, as shown in Figure 1 1 B is predicted, fiber FB m, so as to irradiate the infrared rays from the fiber other than the FB n
- the heat generation state approaches a rotationally symmetric shape.
- the rotationally symmetric aberration of the projection optical system PL ′ is corrected in the same manner as in the first embodiment. I do.
- the exposure apparatus and the exposure method according to the second embodiment when the pattern formed on the reticle is transferred onto the wafer W via the projection optical system PL ′ (at the time of exposure)
- the exposure light EL is not irradiated to the remaining portion of the lens.
- the heating of the lens by the infrared irradiating mechanism can be performed even during the exposure, so that the occurrence of rotationally asymmetric aberration of the projection optical system can be more reliably compared with the first embodiment. It can be suppressed. Therefore, by performing exposure while maintaining the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system in good condition, it is possible to realize highly accurate exposure.
- Heating a lens with infrared rays differs from heating with a contact-type heating mechanism (heat source) or cooling with a contact-type cooling mechanism, because there is no contact with the lens. There is no danger that the lens will be distorted, and there is no danger that the lens will vibrate as in the case of cooling by blowing air. Note that, as described above, exposure using a combination of an illumination light beam with a small illumination ⁇ and a phase shift reticle or deformed illumination with a large localization of the illumination light requires all circuit patterns to be exposed in one exposure process. Formation (transfer) may not be achieved.
- the exposure light path in the projection optical system changes between two separate exposures, and the heat generated by the lens member due to the absorption of the exposure light may be averaged.
- the average is not completely averaged even by two exposures, so that the present invention is still effective even when such double exposure is performed.
- F 2 laser as the light source K r 2 laser, A r 2 lasers
- a pulsed laser light source in the vacuum ultraviolet region such as A r F excimer one The, limited to this Instead, it is possible to use a KrF excimer laser light source.
- the laser light output from each of the above light sources as vacuum ultraviolet light
- a single-wavelength laser light in the infrared or visible range oscillated from a DFB semiconductor laser or a fiber laser is used, for example, as erbium (Er).
- r erbium
- Yb ytterbium
- the oscillation wavelength of a single-wavelength laser is in the range of 1.51 to 1, the 8th harmonic whose generation wavelength is in the range of 189 to 199 nm, or the generation wavelength is 151
- the 10th harmonic within the range of 1159 nm is output.
- the generation wavelength is the 8th harmonic within the range of 193 to 194 nm, that is, ultraviolet light that has almost the same wavelength as the ArF excimer laser light. light can be obtained, if you in the range of the oscillation wavelength 1. 57 ⁇ 1. 58 im, 1 0 harmonic in the range generation wavelength of 1. 57 to 1 58 nm, i.e. F 2 laser Ultraviolet light having substantially the same wavelength as light is obtained.
- a seventh harmonic having a generation wavelength in the range of 147 to 160 nm is output. . 0 9 9 to 1.1 0
- 7 harmonic in the range generation wavelength of 1 5 7 ⁇ 1 5 8 m i.e. F 2 laser light and ultraviolet light wavelength substantially the same Is obtained.
- a ytterbium 'doped' fiber laser can be used as the single wavelength oscillation laser.
- a refraction system including only a refraction optical element is mainly used.
- an F 2 laser light source, an Ar 2 laser light source, or the like is used, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-285257 and US Patent Nos. 5,220,454 corresponding thereto
- a catadioptric system catadioptric system
- combining a refractive optical element and a reflective optical element concave mirror, beam splitter, etc.
- a reflective optical system consisting of only a reflective optical element, as disclosed in Mainly used.
- the above-described irradiation of the infrared rays is performed not only by the above-described lens but also by the reflective optical elements included in the catadioptric optical system (for example, a concave mirror, a beam splitter, Prism or a plane mirror).
- the reflective optical elements included in the catadioptric optical system for example, a concave mirror, a beam splitter, Prism or a plane mirror.
- the object to be irradiated with infrared light is a reflecting surface of a reflecting mirror such as a concave mirror or a plane mirror
- a reflecting surface of a reflecting mirror such as a concave mirror or a plane mirror
- the reflecting surface is coated with aluminum, it is desirable to use infrared rays having a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm, which have a low aluminum reflectance, that is, a large absorption.
- Irradiation of infrared light on the reflector is not on its reflective surface, but on its back surface. Or on the sides. Also in this case, similarly to the above case, it is desirable to irradiate infrared rays so as to cancel the deformation of the reflector due to the heat generated by the reflector caused by the irradiation of the exposure light and to make the reflector uniform. .
- infrared rays in a wavelength range where absorption is large at the above-mentioned back surface or side surface of the reflecting mirror.
- heating by irradiating a lens and a reflecting mirror or prism constituting a projection optical system with infrared rays can be performed even when those optical members (optical components) generate heat due to absorption of exposure light. This is performed in order to maintain a good imaging state of the projection optical system. Therefore, by setting the internal temperature distribution of each optical member (lens, reflecting mirror, prism, etc.) in a predetermined relationship, it is possible to maintain a good imaging state of the projection optical system. In this case, it is not always necessary to equalize the internal temperatures of all the optical members.
- the reticle stage RST includes a reticle coarse movement stage 4 and a reticle coarse movement stage 4 between the illumination system side surface plate 2 and the projection system side surface plate 3.
- the present invention is not limited to this configuration.
- an opening into which the reticle fine movement stage 5 is inserted is provided in a partition wall of the reticle coarse movement stage 4 in the one Z direction, and the reticle fine movement stage 5 is moved relative to the reticle coarse movement stage 4 and the projection system side platen 3.
- a configuration in which the differential exhaust is supported in a non-contact manner may be employed.
- reticle fine movement stage 5 also has a function as reticle coarse movement stage,
- the projection system side surface plate or the illumination system side surface plate may form a part of the partition wall that covers the surface.
- single crystal fluorides such as lithium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, and strontium fluoride, composite fluoride crystal of lithium-calcium-aluminum, and composite fluoride crystal of lithium-strontium-aluminum
- Fluoride glass consisting of zirconium-barium-lanthanum-aluminum, quartz glass doped with fluorine, quartz glass doped with hydrogen in addition to fluorine, quartz glass containing OH groups, OH in addition to fluorine
- Improved quartz such as quartz glass containing a base may be used.
- the present invention is applied to a scanning type exposure apparatus such as a step-and-scan method.
- a scanning type exposure apparatus such as a step-and-scan method
- the scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can be suitably applied to a step-and-repeat type reduction projection exposure apparatus.
- the illumination unit and projection optical system composed of multiple lenses are incorporated into the exposure unit itself to perform optical adjustments and expose a wafer stage (or reticle stage in the case of a scan type) consisting of many mechanical parts. Attach it to the equipment body and connect the wiring and piping, assemble the illumination system side platen 2, the projection system side platen 3, and the partition etc. that make up the wafer chamber 40, and connect the gas piping system, not shown.
- a control system such as a control device, and further performing overall adjustment (electrical adjustment, operation confirmation, etc.)
- the exposure apparatus according to the present invention such as the exposure apparatus 100 of each of the above embodiments can be used. Can be manufactured. It is desirable that the exposure apparatus be manufactured in a clean room in which the temperature, cleanliness, etc. are controlled. ⁇ Device manufacturing method ⁇
- FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of an example of manufacturing devices (semiconductor chips such as IC and LSI, liquid crystal panels, CCDs, thin-film magnetic heads, micromachines, and the like).
- a function / performance design of a device for example, a circuit design of a semiconductor device
- a pattern for realizing the function is performed.
- step 202 mask manufacturing step
- step 203 wafer manufacturing step
- a wafer is manufactured using a material such as silicon.
- step 204 wafer processing step
- step 204 wafer processing step
- step 205 device assembling step
- step 205 includes processes such as a dicing process, a bonding process, and a packaging process (chip encapsulation) as necessary.
- step 206 inspection step
- inspections such as an operation confirmation test and a durability test of the device created in step 205 are performed. After these steps, the device is completed and shipped.
- FIG. 13 shows a detailed flow example of step 204 in the semiconductor device.
- step 2 11 oxidation step
- step 2 1 2 CVD step
- step 2 13 electrode formation step
- step 2 1 4 Ion strike In the implantation step, ions are implanted into the wafer.
- steps 211 to 214 constitutes a pre-processing step of each stage of wafer processing, and is selected and executed according to a necessary process in each stage.
- the post-processing step is executed as follows.
- step 2 15 resist forming step
- step 211 exposure step
- the circuit pattern of the mask is transferred to the wafer by the exposure apparatus of the present invention such as the exposure apparatus of each of the above embodiments and the exposure method.
- Step 217 development step
- Step 218 etching step
- the exposed members other than the portion where the resist remains are removed by etching.
- step 219 resist removing step
- the exposure apparatus and the exposure method of each of the above embodiments are used in the exposure step (step 2 16), so that high-precision exposure is maintained.
- the direction of movement of electrons and holes in MOS transistors is important. Is the direction of the [110] axis of the silicon crystal, Or, it is desirable to match the direction of the equivalent axis from the viewpoint of the mobility of electrons and holes.
- the longitudinal direction of the gate pattern of the MOS transistor coincides with the direction of the [211] axis, which is a direction orthogonal to the [110] axis direction, or the direction of an axis equivalent thereto.
- the equivalent axis means an axis in which the order of the exponents representing the axes is changed or an axis whose sign is inverted.
- the longitudinal direction of the gate pattern of a preferable MOS transistor is three directions at intervals of 120 degrees.
- a fine pattern is formed on the side of the outer shape (square) of the reticle. Since it is desirable to form them in parallel with each other, they are practically limited to one direction.
- the axis perpendicular to the surface almost coincides with the [110] axis of the crystal axis, that is, the wafer whose surface coincides with the ⁇ 110> plane of the crystal plane
- the direction of movement of electrons and holes in the MOS transistor should be made to coincide with the direction of the [110] axis of the silicon crystal or the direction of the equivalent axis. Is desirable in terms of electron and hole mobilities.
- the longitudinal direction of the gate pattern of the MOS transistor coincides with the direction of the [211] axis, which is a direction orthogonal to the [110] axis direction, or the direction of an axis equivalent thereto.
- the direction of the gate pattern in one direction.
- the above-mentioned wafer whose surface is the ⁇ 111> plane of the silicon crystal does not only indicate a conventional pearl wafer but may be an SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafer. . This is because, in the case of an SOI wafer, the silicon on the surface of the SOI wafer still refers to a wafer in which the ⁇ 111> plane of the crystal coincides with the wafer surface.
- the exposure apparatus and the exposure method of the present invention are suitable for illuminating a mask with an energy beam and transferring a pattern formed on the mask onto a photosensitive object via a projection optical system.
- the device manufacturing method of the present invention is suitable for manufacturing a micro device.
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003284540A AU2003284540A1 (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2003-12-02 | Exposure system, exposure method, and device fabricating method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002351336 | 2002-12-03 | ||
| JP2002-351336 | 2002-12-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004051716A1 true WO2004051716A1 (ja) | 2004-06-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/015436 Ceased WO2004051716A1 (ja) | 2002-12-03 | 2003-12-02 | 露光装置及び露光方法、並びにデバイス製造方法 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003284540A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW200423224A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004051716A1 (ja) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1925981A2 (en) | 2006-11-27 | 2008-05-28 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus, device manufacturing method and computer program product |
| US7903234B2 (en) | 2006-11-27 | 2011-03-08 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus, device manufacturing method and computer program product |
| US9146477B2 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2015-09-29 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus and method of modifying a beam of radiation within a lithographic apparatus |
| KR20220087364A (ko) | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-24 | 캐논 가부시끼가이샤 | 노광방법, 노광장치 및 물품의 제조방법 |
| JP2022185871A (ja) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | 露光方法、露光装置、および物品製造方法 |
| EP4166524A1 (de) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-19 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG | Ofen zum erhitzen eines dentalobjektes |
| EP4166523A1 (de) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-19 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG | Belichtungsgerät zum beleuchten eines dentalobjekts |
| US12492144B2 (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2025-12-09 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Method for manufacturing a multi-color dental restoration |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7180669B2 (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2007-02-20 | Avago Technologies Ecbu Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Method and system for generating substantially uniform speckle patterns |
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| JPH09232213A (ja) * | 1996-02-26 | 1997-09-05 | Nikon Corp | 投影露光装置 |
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| EP0823662A2 (en) * | 1996-08-07 | 1998-02-11 | Nikon Corporation | Projection exposure apparatus |
| WO2000068980A1 (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2000-11-16 | Nikon Corporation | Method and apparatus for exposure |
| US20010019403A1 (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2001-09-06 | Karl-Heinz Schuster | Optical arrangement |
| JP2002268203A (ja) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-18 | Semiconductor Leading Edge Technologies Inc | フォトマスク収納装置、投影露光装置、投影露光方法及び半導体装置 |
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2003
- 2003-12-02 TW TW92133809A patent/TW200423224A/zh unknown
- 2003-12-02 WO PCT/JP2003/015436 patent/WO2004051716A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-02 AU AU2003284540A patent/AU2003284540A1/en not_active Abandoned
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09232213A (ja) * | 1996-02-26 | 1997-09-05 | Nikon Corp | 投影露光装置 |
| JPH09298143A (ja) * | 1996-05-02 | 1997-11-18 | Hitachi Ltd | 露光方法および装置 |
| EP0823662A2 (en) * | 1996-08-07 | 1998-02-11 | Nikon Corporation | Projection exposure apparatus |
| WO2000068980A1 (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2000-11-16 | Nikon Corporation | Method and apparatus for exposure |
| US20010019403A1 (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2001-09-06 | Karl-Heinz Schuster | Optical arrangement |
| JP2002268203A (ja) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-18 | Semiconductor Leading Edge Technologies Inc | フォトマスク収納装置、投影露光装置、投影露光方法及び半導体装置 |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1925981A2 (en) | 2006-11-27 | 2008-05-28 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus, device manufacturing method and computer program product |
| JP2008135742A (ja) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-06-12 | Asml Netherlands Bv | リソグラフィ装置、デバイス製造方法およびコンピュータプログラム製品 |
| US7903234B2 (en) | 2006-11-27 | 2011-03-08 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus, device manufacturing method and computer program product |
| US9146477B2 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2015-09-29 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus and method of modifying a beam of radiation within a lithographic apparatus |
| US12492144B2 (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2025-12-09 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Method for manufacturing a multi-color dental restoration |
| KR20220087364A (ko) | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-24 | 캐논 가부시끼가이샤 | 노광방법, 노광장치 및 물품의 제조방법 |
| JP2022185871A (ja) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | 露光方法、露光装置、および物品製造方法 |
| EP4166524A1 (de) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-19 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG | Ofen zum erhitzen eines dentalobjektes |
| EP4166523A1 (de) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-19 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG | Belichtungsgerät zum beleuchten eines dentalobjekts |
| US12516884B2 (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2026-01-06 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Oven for heating a dental object |
| US12575917B2 (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2026-03-17 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Exposure device for illuminating a dental object |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW200423224A (en) | 2004-11-01 |
| AU2003284540A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
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