WO2004069246A1 - Compositions pour medicament renfermant des inhibiteurs de cholinesterase en vue du traitement de la demence senile - Google Patents

Compositions pour medicament renfermant des inhibiteurs de cholinesterase en vue du traitement de la demence senile Download PDF

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WO2004069246A1
WO2004069246A1 PCT/CN2004/000104 CN2004000104W WO2004069246A1 WO 2004069246 A1 WO2004069246 A1 WO 2004069246A1 CN 2004000104 W CN2004000104 W CN 2004000104W WO 2004069246 A1 WO2004069246 A1 WO 2004069246A1
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Prior art keywords
huperzine
cholinesterase
bromopropylamine
group
bromide
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French (fr)
Inventor
Fenghua Fu
Wanglin Jiang
Shengguo Zheng
Jingwei Tian
Ke Liu
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SCHOOL OF PARMACY YANTAI UNIVERSITY
Shandong Luye Natural Drug Research and Development Co Ltd
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SCHOOL OF PARMACY YANTAI UNIVERSITY
Shandong Luye Natural Drug Research and Development Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating senile dementia, and in particular to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anticholinergic agent and a cholinesterase inhibitor. .
  • AD Alzheimer's disease
  • vascular dementia mainly include Alzheimer's disease, which accounts for 60-70%, and vascular dementia accounts for 20-30%.
  • AD Alzheimer's disease
  • AD is one of the most common age-related dementias, with nearly 4 million patients in the United States alone. The number of patients over the age of 65 is doubled for people over the age of 65.
  • the elderly population is increasing in most parts of the world, and AD has become a serious problem that threatens public health.
  • Synaptic insufficiency or loss may be an important factor in the development of dementia symptoms.
  • Neurochemical studies suggest that synapses containing acetylcholine (ACh), glutamate, and serotonin (5HT) in AD, neocortex, and hippocampus are the first to be affected.
  • the levels of neocortical and hippocampal acetylcholine transferase in AD patients continue to decrease, and the number of cholinergic cells originating from the forebrain basal associated with cognitive decline is reduced, indicating that especially cholinergic nerve conduction is impaired to form clinical symptoms of AD. .
  • ChEI prevents the hydrolysis of the ACh at the synaptic site, thereby increasing the utilization of choline (M and N) receptors. This effect occurs mainly in the central nervous system, but at the same time, it occurs in the peripheral phase to produce significant adverse reactions.
  • ChEI causes peripheral and central nervous system cholinergic reactions when the dose is high enough.
  • Common peripheral cholinergic adverse reactions include digestive tract reactions (such as abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea), bradycardia, muscle cramps or weakness, blushing and rhinorrhea.
  • Central reactions include insomnia, nightmares, and restless or panic-like symptoms.
  • the main reason affecting clinical use is the digestive tract reaction caused by ChEI. Adverse reactions were more pronounced during higher doses, lower body weight, and upward adjustment of the drug dose. Therefore, the application of ChEI in the treatment of AD is severely limited.
  • ChEI Since the clinical application of ChEI has adverse effects on the digestive tract and limits the application of ChEI, it is of great medical value to develop a cholinesterase pharmaceutical composition that does not affect the efficacy of ChEI and can reduce adverse reactions of the digestive tract.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anticholinergic agent and a cholinesterase inhibitor.
  • the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anticholinergic agent and a cholinesterase inhibitor.
  • Anticholinergic drugs have muscarinic effects that antagonize acetylcholine and various cholinergic drugs.
  • the pharmacological manifestations are relaxation of various smooth muscles, inhibition of secretion of various glands, acceleration of heart rate, and dilated pupils.
  • the drugs are widely used, and are currently mainly used for the treatment of diseases caused by gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm, and also for the rescue treatment of organophosphorus poisoning and other cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
  • M receptor blockers in combination with cholinesterase inhibitors can eliminate gastrointestinal adverse effects caused by cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of senile dementia, such as upper abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea, but Does not reduce the efficacy of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of senile dementia.
  • the M receptor blocker mentioned in the present invention which is incapable of or not easily penetrates the blood brain barrier may be bromopropylamine (propantheline bromide), scopolamine butylbromide, light methylamine.
  • the M receptor blocker is preferably bromopropylamine.
  • the cholinesterase inhibitor for treating senile dementia according to the present invention may be a pharmaceutically acceptable cholinesterase inhibitor or a cholinesterase inhibitor (such as an organophosphorus pesticide) used as a toxicant, wherein A cholinesterase inhibitor mainly refers to a cholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of senile dementia, such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine ( Galantamine ) or huperzine, but is not limited to this.
  • M receptor blockers can Reduces adverse reactions such as upper abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and salivation caused by cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with Alzheimer's disease; learning and memory indicators related to cholinesterase inhibitor treatment, such as jumping and avoiding darkness There is no significant effect, that is, it does not reduce the effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on improving cognitive and memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
  • Combination of M receptor blockers and cholinesterase inhibitors that are difficult (or impossible) to cross the blood-brain barrier can significantly reduce gastrointestinal side effects caused by cholinesterase inhibitors and improve patient compliance. Does not affect the therapeutic effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on senile dementia.
  • the anticholinergic drugs Compared with cholinesterase inhibitors, the anticholinergic drugs have milder side effects (dry mouth and bloating) and appear late; the latter's adverse reactions (upper abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea) are prominent. earlier. Therefore, it is more advantageous to reduce the adverse reactions of cholinesterase inhibitors by making a combination preparation of anticholinergic drugs prior to the release of cholinester oxime inhibitors.
  • the pharmaceutical composition containing the anti-alkaline drug and the cholinesterase inhibitor provided by the invention wherein the content of the cholinesterase inhibitor is 1-2 times of the dose for clinical treatment of senile dementia, and the content thereof is in the range of 0. 05-160mg; the content of M receptor blocker is not more than clinical use
  • the dosage of gastrointestinal dispelling analgesic pain is in the range of 0.5-400 mg, and the content of bromopropylamine is 1 - 60 mg.
  • the specific content is shown in Tables 1 and 2.
  • Benzophenir bromide 10-40 mg Note: Any of the cholinesterase inhibitors in Table 1 may be combined with any of the anticholinergic agents in Table 2, and any of the anticholinergic agents in Table 2 may be the same as in Table 1.
  • a cholinesterase inhibitor composition composition Any of the cholinesterase inhibitors in Table 1 may be combined with any of the anticholinergic agents in Table 2, and any of the anticholinergic agents in Table 2 may be the same as in Table 1.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the cholinester oxime inhibitor provided by the present invention can be administered by a route of administration such as oral administration, intramuscular injection, or skin. It can be present in the form of a conventional tablet, a 'gelatin, a granule, or a corresponding dosage form which is controlled to release.
  • Lactose 100 0g
  • a total of 1000 tablets were prepared: 1. Weighed huperzine A. lg, placed in the mortar, added an equal amount (0. lg) of sodium carboxymethyl starch, fully grind the sentence, and then add the same amount (0 2g) Sodium carboxymethyl starch was ground and added to each of 0.4, 0.8, 1. 6, 3. 2, 3. 7g of sodium carboxymethyl starch, and bromine was added to the mixed powder. Propylamine 15 g was thoroughly mixed to obtain a mixed powder A.
  • Preparation Weigh the prescription amount of lismin, bromopropylamine, starch and dextrin, and mix well. Add 3% PVP K3Q aqueous solution to make soft material, 30 mesh sieve granule , dry at 60 °C. 3 hours, 28 mesh sieve whole grain, loaded with No. 2 plastic bottles, adjust the dosage about 180mg.
  • Example 5 Bromopropylamine is the outer layer, and Huperzine A is a compression coated tablet of the core tablet. Huperzine A core tablet prescription:
  • a total of 1000 tablets of pressed coated tablets were prepared.
  • Lactose 100 0g
  • Example 7 Brasperate is a gastric-soluble pellet, and galantamine is an enteric pellet, which is contained in the same capsule of pellets.
  • the drug-containing pellets of the mesh sieve are obtained by coating the enteric coating.
  • Test 1 Effect of different time after oral administration of Huperzine A on small bowel peristalsis in normal mice
  • Test drug Huperzine A (provided by Shandong Natural Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center); Methyl Orange (China Pharmaceutical Shanghai Chemical Reagent Station) , Lot No.: 000304); Sodium bicarbonate (Shanghai Reagent Fourth Plant, batch number: 990612); Scopolamine Injection (Shanghai Hefeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., batch number: 000201)
  • mice Sixty mice were taken and fasted for 12 hours. They were randomly divided into 5 groups: huperzine A group 1 (20 minutes after administration), huperzine group A 2 (40 minutes after administration), Huperzine A Group 3 (60 minutes after administration), blank control group, and morphine group, 12 rats in each group, the dose of Huperzine A was 0.4 mg/kg, and the dosage of the morphopin group was 20 mg/kg. The dosage volume is 0. 2ml/20g, , and 5% of the activated carbon suspension is administered at each time point. After 20 minutes, the mice are sacrificed, and the intestine is removed by laparotomy. The distance from the pylorus to the activated carbon front is measured as the activated carbon intestine.
  • Activated carbon propulsion rate activated carbon intestine propulsion distance (cm) / total length of the intestine (cm) *100%
  • the propellant rate of each group was measured by t-test between groups. Statistical processing. test results:
  • Huperzine A group 3 0. 4 76. 6 ⁇ 12. 3 Note: Compared with the blank control group *P ⁇ 0. 05, **P ⁇ 0. 01; P ⁇ 0. 05 It can be seen from the above table that 5% of activated carbon in the 20th and 40th minutes after the administration of huperzine has a significant effect on promoting small bowel peristalsis in mice (P ⁇ 0.05), and 5% of cisplatin administered 60 minutes after administration. The activated carbon did not significantly promote the small intestine peristalsis in mice. Test 2 Effect of Huperzine A and Bromide on the Small Intestine Peristalsis in Normal Mice
  • mice Forty-eight mice were fasted for 12 hours and randomly divided into 4 groups: huperzine A group, Huperzine A and bromopropylamine phenyl group, blank control group and morphine group, 12 rats in each group.
  • the doses were 0.4, 0.4 + 2.5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and the administration volume was 0.2 ml/20 g.
  • 5% of the activated carbon suspension was administered, and the mice were sacrificed after 20 minutes.
  • the intestine is taken by laparotomy, and the distance from the pylorus to the front edge of the activated carbon is measured as the distance between the pyloric and intestinal tract.
  • Activated carbon propelling rate activated carbon intestine pushing distance (cm) / Total length of the intestine (cm) * 100%.
  • the propellant rate of each group was statistically processed using an inter-group t test.
  • Tailin compound group Note: Compared with the blank control group *P ⁇ 0.05, **P ⁇ 0.01; compared with the Huperzine A group ⁇ 0.05 It can be seen from the above table that the inoculation of Jl 5 % activated carbon 20 minutes after the administration of huperzine significantly promoted the small intestine peristalsis in mice (P ⁇ 0.05); the small cause of huperzine A on oxazolidine Rat small bowel peristalsis has a significant inhibitory effect (P ⁇ 0.05), and the combination of bromopropylamine and huperzine A compound reduced the intestinal propion rate of mice to normal levels.
  • Experiment 3 Effect of bromopropylamine and huperzine A compound on gastric emptying in normal mice.
  • Methyl orange was administered to normal mice, and the residual rate of methyl orange in the stomach was used as an indicator to see if the combination of bromopropylamine and huperzine A inhibited the effect of huperzine on gastric emptying.
  • mice Forty-eight mice, half male and half female, were fasted for 12 hours and randomly divided into control group, morphine group, huperzine group A, huperzine A and bromopropylamine phenyl group. 2ml0 ⁇ After administration, the dosage is 0. 2ml0, 20ml, 20ml, 20ml 1% methyl orange solution, the mice were sacrificed 20 minutes after the methyl orange, laparotomy, stomach, the stomach was placed in a 10 ml vial, 8 ml of 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution was added, and the stomach was cut with small scissors.
  • the sodium content of the tube was washed in a sodium bicarbonate solution, shaken, and the supernatant was taken, placed in a test tube, centrifuged at 200 tpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was taken at 420 nm to determine the absorption value of each tube, 0.1% of carbonic acid.
  • the sodium hydrogen solution was adjusted to zero, and 0.1% methyl orange solution 0. 2ml was added to 8ml 0. 1% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, the absorbance was measured as the base methyl orange optical density, and the methyl group was calculated by the following formula.
  • the morphine group 20 0. 188 3 ⁇ 4. 056 31. 3 3 ⁇ 4. 4**
  • mice 36 mice, male and female, ip scopolamine 4. 5mg / kg, with a passive avoidance conditioning instrument, the mouse face back to the hole in the clear room, while starting the recording device to avoid dark training.
  • they were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely, huperzine A group, huperzine A and bromopropylamine phenyl compound group, model group, 12 rats in each group, the dose was 0.4, 0.44 + 2. 5 mg/ Kg, the dosage volume was 0. 2ml / 20g, the model group was given the same volume of NS, 20 minutes after the administration, the mouse face was turned back to the hole in the clear room, and the recording device was started to record the mouse within 5 minutes.
  • mice Through the mouse platform test, the effects of the administration of huperzine A and huperzine A and bromopropylamine on the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice were observed.
  • mice were placed in a diving table and then dialed with 38V AC to record the number of shocks the mice received within 5 minutes. After 24 hours, the latency of the mice on the platform jumping to the copper grid and the number of errors within 5 minutes were tested as memory scores.
  • Huperzine A can significantly prolong the latency of mice entering the dark room from the bright room ( ⁇ 0.01), reducing the number of errors from the bright room into the dark room; Huperzine A and bromopropylamine compound make the mice from the Ming room The number of errors in entering the darkroom was consistent with the huperzine methylation.
  • Test 5 Effect of Huperzine A and Bromide on the Secretion of Salivary Gland in Rabbits
  • the amount of saliva secretion in each rabbit was measured before the drug.
  • the method is to use a hemostatic forceps to apply a similar weight of dry cotton balls (100 ⁇ 10 mg) to the buccal part of the rabbit's mouth, and then place the cotton ball on the inner side of the last tooth of the upper tooth near the parotid opening.
  • the first dose is 0. 1 , 0. 1 + 0. 6mg/, the amount of the saliva is added to the amount of the saliva.
  • Kg the administration volume is 0. 5ml/kg, 15 minutes after administration, saliva is collected, and the amount of saliva is recorded once every 10 minutes.
  • the three groups of saliva were compared within 30 minutes before and after administration.
  • Huperzine A can promote the salivation of rabbits (P ⁇ 0.01). Huperzine A and bromopropylamine compound can restore the salivary secretion of rabbits to normal levels.
  • Test 6 Comparison of gastrointestinal adverse reactions in the group of senile dementia patients with huperzine A and huperzine A and bromopropylamine (combined preparations without national approval)

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Description

治疗老年性痴呆的胆碱酯酶
抑制剂药物组合物 技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗老年性痴呆的药物组合物, 具体地涉及一 种含有抗胆碱药和胆碱酯酶抑制剂的药物組合物。。
背景技术
老年性痴呆主要包括阿尔茨海默病(AD)和血管性痴呆, 阿尔茨 海默病约占 60 - 70 %,血管性痴呆约占 20 - 30 %。阿尔茨海默病(AD) 是一种最常见的年龄相关性痴呆症, 仅在美国患病人数就有近 400 万。 65岁以上人群年龄每增加 5岁患病人数就增加一倍。 老年人口 在全球多数地区呈不断增加趋势, AD已成为威胁公众健康的严重问 题。
突触功能不全或丧失可能是形成痴呆症状的一个重要因素。 神 经化学研究提示, 在 AD, 新皮层及海马中含有乙酰胆碱 (ACh)、 谷 氨酸和 5-羟色胺 (5HT)的突触最先受到影响。 AD病人新皮层和海马 乙酰胆碱转移酶水平持续下降, 且与认知功能减退相关的起源于前 脑基底的胆碱能细胞数量减少, 表明特别是胆碱能神经传导受损形 成了 AD的临床症状。 在人和实验动物中, 前脑基底部神经元损伤和 毒蕈碱 ACh受体的药理阻滞, 会损害记忆和注意力, 表明胆碱能途 径在受 AD影响的重要认知功能中发挥作用。 最近对疾病程度较轻的 脑进行研究显示, 在 AD早期胆碱损失很少。 目前已证实, 胆碱酯酶 抑制剂(ChEI)对轻至中度 AD病人有效。
目前已有的 ChEI如他克林(tacrine) , 多奈哌齐(donepezil)、 利斯的明(rivastigmine) 和加兰他敏( galantamine )获美国 FDA 批准用于轻至中度 AD的对症治疗。在中国石杉碱甲也已被批准用于 AD的治疗。 应该说, 在无不良反应的情况下对中枢胆碱酯酶的抑制程度越 高, 病人获得临床改善的可能性越大, 然而, ChEI的使用受到不良 反应的限制。 ChEI阻止突触部位 ACh的水解, 从而增加胆碱(M和 N )受体对其的利用, 这种作用发生在中枢主要产生治疗作用, 但同 时发生在外周的作用则产生明显的不良反应。 ChEI在剂量足够高时 都会引起外周和中枢神经胆碱能不良反应。 常见的外周胆碱能不良 反应包括消化道反应(如上腹不适、 恶心、 呕吐、 厌食、 腹泻) 、 心动过緩、 肌肉痛性痉挛或无力、 脸红和鼻溢。 中枢反应包括失眠、 恶梦及不安或恐慌样症状。影响临床使用的主要原因是 ChEI引起的 消化道反应。 较高剂量使用、 低体重病人及向上调整药物剂量期间, 不良反应更显著。 因此严重限制了 ChEI在治疗 AD中的应用。
由于 ChEI临床应用有消化道不良反应而限制了 ChEI的应用, 因此开发一种不会影响 ChEI的疗效,且又能降低消化道不良反应的 胆碱酯酶药物组合物具有十分重要的医用价值。
发明内容
本发明提供了含有抗胆碱药和胆碱酯酶抑制剂的药物组合物。 本发明还提供了含有抗胆碱药和胆碱酯酶抑制剂的药物组合物 的制备方法。
抗胆碱药物( M受体阻断剂)具有拮抗乙酰胆碱和各种拟胆碱药 的毒蕈碱样作用, 药理表现为松弛多种平滑肌, 抑制多种腺体分泌、 加速心率、 散大瞳孔。 在临床上, 该类药物应用较广, 目前主要用 于解除胃肠平滑肌痉挛所致疾病的治疗, 也用于有机磷毒剂中毒和 其他胆碱酯酶抑制剂中毒的解救治疗。 但由于其可拮抗胆碱酯酶抑 制剂的毒蕈碱样(M样作用)作用, 拮抗中枢的毒蕈碱样作用, 会导 致胆碱酯酶抑制剂治疗老年性痴呆药效的降低, 因此临床上不与以 抑制胆碱酯酶为治疗目的的胆碱酯酶抑制剂同时使用。 与此同时其 还可以拮抗外周的毒蕈碱样作用, 这种作用将可能減少胆碱酯酶抑 制剂治疗老年性痴呆时引起的外周不良反应。
为了降低胆碱酯酶抑制剂治疗老年性痴呆过程中的消化道不良 反应, 同时又不降低其药效, 本发明人进行了大量的实验研究, 惊 奇地发现选择不能或不易透过血脑屏障的 M受体阻断剂与胆碱酯酶 抑制剂同时使用可消除胆碱酯酶抑制剂治疗老年痴呆过程中引起的 上腹不适、 恶心、 呕吐、 厌食及腹泻等消化道不良反应, 但并不降 低胆碱酯酶抑制剂治疗老年性痴呆的药物的药效。
本发明所提及的不能或不易透过血脑屏障的 M受体阻断剂可以 是溴丙胺太林 ( propantheline bromide 溴丙胺太林) 、 丁溴东莨 营碱 (scopolamine butylbromide) , 淡甲胺太林 ( methyantheline bromide ) 、 异丙 胺 (isopropamide iodide) 、 戊沙淡胺 (valethamate)、 甲淡东" ^蓉碱 (scopolamine me thobromide)、 甲 確东 菪碱 (scopolamine methonitrate)、 甲淡阿托品 (atropine methobromide) , 甲 ¾阿托品 (atropine methonitrate) 地泊淡按 (diponium bromide)、 褒派喷醋 ipenzolate bromide)、 喷 淡铵 (penthienate bromide) 、 甲 淡 苯 那 替 秦 (benactyzine methobromide) , 二苯马尼 diphemanil)、 依美 铵 (emepronium bromide)或硫酸地布托林(dibutoline sulfate)。 其中 M受体阻断 剂优选为溴丙胺太林。
本发明所述的治疗老年性痴呆的胆碱酯酶抑制剂可以是作为药 用的胆碱酯酶抑制剂或作为毒物使用的胆碱酯酶抑制剂 (如有机磷 农药) , 其中作为药用的胆碱酯酶抑制剂主要是指用于老年性痴呆 治疗的胆碱酯酶抑制剂, 如他克林(tacrine)、 多奈哌齐 (donepezil) , 利斯的明 (rivastigmine)、 加兰他敏( galantamine ) 或石杉碱甲(huperzine) , 但并不限于此。
为了验证抗胆碱药能够降低胆碱酯酶抑制剂治疗老年性痴呆中 的副作用, 本发明人以溴丙胺太林作为 M受体阻断剂的代表, 以石 杉碱甲为治疗老年性痴呆的胆碱酯酶抑制剂的代表, 进行动物实验, 结果显示, 不易透过血脑屏障的 M受体阻断剂与胆碱酯酶抑制剂制 成复方制剂, 可明显拮抗由胆碱酯酶抑制剂引起的过强的胃排空和 肠推动作用, 对胆碱酯酶抑制剂引起的唾液过多分泌也有明显的抑 制作用, 即 M受体阻断剂可减少胆碱酯酶抑制剂在老年性痴呆病人 应用引起的上腹不适、 恶心、 呕吐、 腹泻以及流涎等不良反应; 对 与胆碱酯酶抑制剂治疗相关的学习记忆指标 , 如跳台和避暗则无明 显影响, 即不降低胆碱酯酶抑制剂治疗老年性痴呆病人时改善认知、 记忆的作用。
对老年性痴呆病人使用石杉碱甲组与石杉碱甲溴丙胺太林复方 组胃肠道不良反应进行比较显示, 单用石杉碱甲组胃肠道不良反应 较多, 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林组胃肠遺不良反应明显減少。
不同厂家的石杉碱甲片或溴丙胺太林的崩解、 溶出速度及溶出 率存在差异有关, 因此, 将抗胆碱药与胆碱酯酶抑制剂制合理的复 方, 才能減少胆碱酯酶抑制剂的不良反应。
不易 (或不能) 透过血脑屏障的 M受体阻断剂与胆碱酯酶抑 制剂组成复方可明显减少胆碱酯酶抑制剂引起的胃肠道不良反应, 提高病人的依从性, 又不影响胆碱酯酶抑制剂对老年性痴呆的治疗 作用。
抗胆碱药与胆碱酯酶抑制剂相比, 前者的不良反应(口干、 腹 胀) 程度轻, 出现晚; 后者的不良反应(上腹不适、 恶心、 呕吐、 腹疼、 腹泻)较突出, 出现较早。 因此, 制成抗胆碱药先于胆碱酯 晦抑制剂释放的复方制剂, 将更有利于减少胆碱酯酶抑制剂的不良 反应。
本发明所提供的含有抗碱药和胆碱酯酶抑制剂的药物组合物,其 中胆碱酯酶抑制剂的含量为临床治疗老年性痴呆的剂量的 1 - 2倍, 其含量范围是 0. 05- 160mg; M受体阻断剂的含量为不超过临床用于 胃肠痉挛解痉止痛的剂量, 其含量范围是 0.5-400mg, 其中溴丙胺 太林的含量为 1 - 60 mg。 其具体含量见表 1和表 2。
表 1 药物组合物中胆碱酯酶抑制剂的含量 胆碱酯酶抑制剂 含量
他克林 10-160 mg
加兰他敏 4-100mg
利斯的明 l-24mg
多奈派齐 5-20 mg
石杉碱甲 0.05-0.8 mg 且合物中抗胆碱药的含量
抗胆碱药 含量
溴丙胺太林 1-60 mg
丁溴东莨菪碱 5-40 mg
戊沙溴胺 10-60 mg
异丙碘胺 5-20 mg
盐酸地布托林 25 - 100 mg
多奈派齐 5-20 mg
二苯马尼 100-400 mg
喷噻溴铵 2.5-10 mg
甲硝东莨菪减 2-16 mg
地泊溴铵 15-60 mg
甲溴阿托品 0.5-4 mg
溴哌喷酯 5-20mg
甲硝阿托品 1-4 mg
甲溴苯那替秦 10— 40mg 注: 表 1中的胆碱酯酶抑制剂中的任一种可与表 2中的抗胆碱 药中的任一种组成組合物,同样, 表 2中的任一种抗胆碱药可与表 1 中的任一种胆碱酯酶抑制剂组成组合物。
本发明提供的胆碱酯晦抑制剂药物组合物可以通过口服、 肌肉 注射、 皮肤等给药途径给药。 可以以普通片剂、 '胶嚢剂、 颗粒剂或 緩、 控释的相应剂型存在。
具体实施方式 实施例 1 复方石杉碱甲溴丙胺太林片的制备:
处方: 石杉碱甲 0. 10g
溴丙胺太林 15. 0g
乳糖 100. 0g
微晶纤维素 73. 0g
羧甲基淀粉钠 10. 0g
3%PVPK3Q水溶液 适量
硬脂酸镁 l. Og
共制成 1000片 制备: 1.称取石杉碱甲 O. lg, 置研钵中, 加入等量(0. lg ) 的羧甲 基淀粉钠, 充分研磨均句, 再加入等量(0. 2g )羧甲基淀粉钠研匀 并依此分别加入 0. 4、 0. 8、 1. 6、 3. 2、 3. 7g的羧甲基淀粉钠研匀, 在此混合粉末中加入溴丙胺太林 15. 0g充分混勾得混合粉末 A。
2.称取乳糖 100. 0g, 微晶纤维素 73. 0g, 加入上述混合粉末 A中,充分混合均勾,加入 3%PVPK3Q水溶液适量制软材, 22目筛制粒, 60°C干燥 3小时, 20目筛整粒, 加入处方量的硬脂酸镁, 混合均匀 后 Φ 8πιπι浅凹冲压片, 调节片重约 200mg。 实施例 2 复方加兰他敏溴丙胺太林胶嚢的制备: 处方: 加兰他敏 10. 0g
溴丙胺太林 15. 0g
淀粉 120. 0g
糊精 33. 0g
3%PVPK3O 水溶液 适量
共制成 1000粒 制备: 分别称取处方量的加兰他敏、 溴丙胺太林、 淀粉和糊精, 充 分混合均勾, 加入 3%的 PVPK3Q水溶液适量制软材, 30目婦制粒, 60 °C干燥约 3小时, 28目筛整粒, 装 2号胶囊, 调节装量约 180mg。 实施例 3 复方多奈哌齐溴丙胺太林胶嚢的制备:
处方: 多奈哌齐 10. 0g
溴丙胺太林 15. 0g
淀粉 120. 0g
糊精 33. 0g
3%PVPK3O 水溶液 适量
共制成 1000粒
制备: 分别称取处方量的多奈哌齐、 溴丙胺太林、 淀粉和糊精, 充 分混合均匀, 加入 3%的 PVPK3Q水溶液适量制软材, 30目歸制粒, 60 °C干燥约 3小时, 28目筛整粒, 装 2号胶嚢, 调节装量约 180mg。 实施例 4 复方利斯的明溴丙胺太林胶嚢的制备:
利斯的明 4. 0g
溴丙胺太林 15. 0g
淀粉 120. 0g
糊精 33. 0g
3%PVPK3o 水溶液 适量 共制成 1000粒
制备: 分别称取处方量的利斯的明、 溴丙胺太林、 淀粉和糊精, 充 分混合均匀, 加入 3%的 PVPK3Q水溶液适量制软材, 30目筛制粒, 60 °C干燥约 3小时, 28目筛整粒, 装 2号胶嚢, 调节装量约 180mg。 实施例 5 : 溴丙胺太林为外层, 石杉碱甲为核心片的压制包衣片。 石杉碱甲核心片处方:
石杉碱甲 0. Ig
预胶化淀粉 88. 0g
羧甲基淀粉钠 10. 0g
3%PVPK3Q水溶液 适量
硬脂酸镁 0. 5g
共制成 1000片 压制包衣片处方
核心片 1000片
溴丙胺太林 15. 0g
微晶纤维素 52. 0g
乳糖 100. 0g
羧甲基淀粉钠 10. 0g
3%PVPK3O水溶液 适量
硬脂酸镁 l. Og
共制成 1000片
制备: 1. 称取石杉碱甲 0. Ig, 置研钵中, 加入等量(0. Ig ) 的羧 甲基淀粉钠, 充分研磨均匀, 再加入等量(0. 2g )羧甲基淀粉钠研 匀并依此分别加入 0. 4、 0. 8、 1. 6、 3. 2、 3. 7g的羧甲基淀粉钠研匀 得混合粉末 A。往此粉末 A中加入预胶化淀粉 88. 0g,充分混合均匀, 加入 3%的 PVPK3Q.水溶液适量制软材, 28目筛制粒, 60°C干燥约 3小 时, 26目筛整粒, 加入 0. 5g硬脂酸镁, 混合均匀后 Φ 6ιηπι浅凹冲 片, 调节片重约 100mg。
2.称取处方量的溴丙胺太林、 乳糖、 微晶纤维素和羧甲基淀 粉钠充分混合均匀, 加入 3%PVPK3Q水溶液适量制软材, 28目筛制粒, 60°C干燥 3小时, 26目筛整粒, 加入处方量的硬脂酸镁混合均匀得 颗粒 B。
3.选用 Φ 9讓浅凹冲压制包衣片, 先称取 90mg颗粒 B置中模 中, 再取石杉碱甲核心片置于此颗粒上中模的正中间位置, 加入另 90mg颗粒 B后压片即得 实施例 6 : 溴丙胺太林为胃溶片, 石杉碱甲为肠溶片, 2片装于一个 胶嚢的制剂
石杉碱甲片处方:
石杉碱甲 0. 10g
预胶化淀粉 138. 0g
羧甲基淀粉钠 10. 0g
3%PVPK3O水溶液 适量
硬脂酸镁 0. 75g
共制成 1000片
溴丙胺太林片处方:
溴丙胺太林 15. 0g
预胶化淀粉 123. 0g
羧甲基淀粉钠 10. 0g
3%PVPK3O水溶液 适量
硬脂酸镁 0. 75g
共制成 1000片 制备: 1.称取石杉碱甲 0. lg, 置研钵中, 加入等量(0. lg) 的羧甲 基淀粉钠, 充分研磨均匀, 再加入等量(0.2g)羧甲基淀粉钠研匀 并依此分别加入 0.4、 0.8、 1.6、 3.2、 3.7g的羧甲基淀粉钠研匀得 混合粉末。 往此混合粉末中加入预胶化淀粉 138g, 充分混合均匀后 加入 3%的 PVPK3Q水溶液适量制软材, 28目篩制粒, 60°C干燥约 3小 时, 26目筛整粒, 加入 0.75g硬脂酸镁, 混合均匀后 (1>6讓浅凹冲 压片, 调节片重约 150mg, 包肠溶衣即得。
2.称取处方量的溴丙胺太林、预胶化淀粉和羧甲基淀粉钠充分 混合均匀, 加入 3%的 PVPK3Q水溶液适量制软材, 28 目筛制粒, 60 °C干燥约 3小时, 26目筛整粒, 加入 0.75g硬脂酸镁, 混合均匀后 d)6mm浅凹冲压片, 调节片重约 150mg, 包胃溶衣即得。
3.将上述石杉碱甲肠溶衣片及溴丙胺太林胃溶衣片各取一片, 置 1号胶嚢中即得。
实施例 7: 溴丙胺太林为胃溶微丸,加兰他敏为肠溶微丸,装于同一 胶嚢的微丸胶嚢制剂。
加兰他敏微丸处方
加兰他敏(120目) 10.0g
乳糖( 120目) 70.0g
空白丸芯( 30-40目) 适量
1%羟丙基甲基纤维素
制成 1000粒胶嚢 溴丙胺太林微丸处方
溴丙胺太林( 120目) 15.0g
乳糖( 120目) 65.0g
空白丸芯(30~40目) 逸里
1%羟丙基甲基纤维素 适量
制成 1000粒胶: 操作: 1.采用粉末层积法制备微丸,使用 BZJ- 360ΜΠ型包衣造粒机, 称取 30 40目空白丸芯 400g置造粒锅中, 另将按处方比例混合好 的加兰他敏、乳糖置固体加料斗中, 以 1 %羟丙基甲基纤维素为粘合 剂, 开机, 主机转速 200 ~ 300rpm, 鼓风流量约 300L/min, 喷浆泵 转速 8
10 ~ 15rpm, 供粉机转速 10 ~ 20rpm, 待药丸长至约 20 目大小时停 止供粉, 维持喷浆泵转速 6rpm抛光 15分钟后出锅, 60°C烘干, 筛 分选取 18 ~ 26目筛的含药微丸包肠溶衣即得。
2. 称取 30 ~ 40 目空白丸芯 400g置造粒锅中, 另将按处方比 例混合好的溴丙胺太林、乳糖置固体加料斗中, 以 1 %羟丙基甲基纤 维素为粘合剂,开机,主机转速 200 - 300rpm,鼓风流量约 300L/min, 喷浆泵转速 10 ~ 15rpm, 供粉机转速 10 ~ 20rpm, 待药丸长至约 20 目大小时停止供粉, 维持喷浆泵转速 6rpm抛光 15分钟后出锅, 60 °C烘干, 筛分选取 18 ~ 26目筛的含药微丸即得。
3.分别测定加兰他敏肠溶微丸和溴丙胺太林微丸的含量, 按 每粒胶嚢含加兰他敏 10. 0mg、 溴丙胺太林 15. Omg的比例称取加兰 他敏肠溶微丸和溴丙胺太林微丸混合均匀后装 1号胶嚢即得。 试验例
试验 1 小鼠口服石杉碱甲后不同时间对正常小鼠小肠蠕动的影响 受试药物: 石杉碱甲(山东省天然药物工程技术研究中心提供); 甲 基橙(中国医药上海化学试剂站, 批号: 000304 ); 碳酸氢钠(上海 试剂四厂, 批号: 990612 ); 东莨菪碱注射液(上海禾丰制药有限公 司, 批号: 000201 )
仪器: 离心机( DL-4000B 冷冻离心机, 上海安亭科学仪器厂); 分 光光度计(UV- 9100 北京瑞利科学仪器厂); JZZ94 多功能回避性 条件反射仪 中国医学科学院药物研究所研制 动物: 二级昆明种小白鼠, 雌雄各半, 体重 19-21g, 山东省天然药 物工程技术研究中心实验动物中心提供, 动物合格证: 鲁动(质) 字 2001003; 家兔, 体重 2. 8 ~ 3. 5kg, 雌雄各半, 山东省天然药物 工程技术研究中心实验动物中心提供, 动物合格证: 鲁动(质) 字 2001004
试验目的:
给正常小鼠灌服活性炭, 以活性炭在小肠中的推进率为指标, 观察石杉碱甲对小鼠小肠蠕动的影响。 试验内容:
取小鼠 60只, 禁食 12小时, 随机分 5组, 分别为石杉碱甲組 1 (给药后 20分钟)、石杉碱甲组 2 (给药后 40分钟)、石杉碱甲组 3 (给 药后 60分钟)、 空白对照组、 吗丁啉组, 每组 12只, 石杉碱甲组给 药剂量为 0. 4mg/kg, 吗丁啉组给药剂量为 20mg/kg, 给药体积均为 0. 2ml/20g, , 按各时间点灌服 5 %的活性炭混悬液, 20分钟后处死 小鼠, 剖腹取出肠管, 测量幽门至活性炭前沿的距离作为 ^活性炭 肠内推进距离?测量幽门至盲肠的距离作为全肠长度,按下式计算: 活性炭推进率 =活性炭肠内推进距离 (cm) /全肠长度(cm) *100% 各组活性炭推进率采用组间 t检验, 进行统计学处理。 试验结果:
表 1 石杉碱甲对正常小鼠小肠蠕动的影响
組别 剂量 ( mg/kg ) 活性炭推进率)
空白对照组 71. 7 ±16. 7
吗丁啉組 20 85. 3 ±12. 3*
石杉碱甲組 1 0. 4 85. 7 ¾. 1*
石杉碱甲組 2 0. 4 82. 8 ^6. 0*
石杉碱甲組 3 0. 4 76. 6 ±12. 3 注: 与空白对照组比 *P〈0. 05, **P<0. 01; P<0. 05 从上表可以看出,石杉碱 ^药后 20、 40分钟灌服 5%的活性炭 有明显促进小鼠小肠蠕动的作用 (P〈0.05), 石杉碱给药后 60分钟 灌服 5 %的活性炭没有明显促进小鼠小肠蠕动的作用。 试验 2 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方对正常小鼠小肠蠕动的影响 试验目的:
给正常小鼠灌服活性炭, 以活性炭在小肠中的推进率为指标, 观察溴丙胺太林对石杉引起的小鼠小肠蠕动加强作用的影响。 试验内容:
取小鼠 48只, 禁食 12小时, 随机分 4组, 分别为石杉碱甲组、 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方組、 空白对照组、 吗丁啉组, 每組 12 只, 剂量为 0.4、 0.4 + 2.5mg/kg、 20 mg/kg, 给药体积均为 0.2ml/20g, , 给药后 20分钟后, 灌服 5%的活性炭混悬液, 20分钟 后处死小鼠,剖腹取出肠管, 测量幽门至活性炭前沿的距离作为 性炭肠内推进距离", 测量幽门至盲肠的距离作为全肠长度, 按下式 计算: 活性炭推进率 =活性炭肠内推进距离 ( cm) /全肠长度 (cm)*100%。
各组活性炭推进率采用组间 t检验, 进行统计学处理。
试验结果:
表 2 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方对正常小鼠小肠蠕动的影响
組别 剂量 (mg/kg) 活性炭推进率) 空白对照組 一- 65.7 ±11.4
吗丁啉組 20 75.3¾.9*
石杉碱甲組 0.4 73.8 6*
石杉碱甲与溴丙胺 0.4+2.5 64.0 2
太林复方組 注: 与空白对照组比 *P<0.05,**P<0.01; 与石杉碱甲组比 <0.05 从上表可以看出, 石杉碱给药后 20分钟灌 Jl 5 %的活性炭有明 显促进小鼠小肠蠕动的作用(P〈0. 05 ); 溴丙胺太林对石杉碱甲引起 的小鼠小肠蠕动加强作用具有明显的抑制作用(P<0. 05 ), 溴丙胺太 林与石杉碱甲复方使小鼠小肠炭末推进率基本回复到正常水平。 试验 3 溴丙胺太林与石杉碱甲复方对正常小鼠胃排空的影响 试验目的:
给正常小鼠灌服甲基橙, 以胃中甲基橙残留率为指标, 观察溴 丙胺太林与石杉碱甲复方是否有抑制石杉碱促进胃排空的作用。
试验内容:
取小鼠 48只, 雌雄各半, 禁食 12小时, 随机分组, 分别为空 白对照组、 吗丁啉組、 石杉碱甲组、 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方组, 每组 12只, 给药組剂量分别为 20 mg/kg、 0. 4、 0. 4 + 2. 5mg/kg, 给药体积均为 0. 2ml/20g, 给药后 20分钟后, 灌服 0. 2ml0. 1%甲基 橙溶液, 给甲基橙后 20分钟处死小鼠, 剖腹, 取胃, 将胃置于 10ml 西林瓶中, 加入 8ml 0. 1%的碳酸氢钠溶液用小剪刀剪开胃, 将胃内 容物充分洗于碳酸氢钠溶液中,摇勾,取上清液,置入试管中, 200tpm 离心 10分钟, 取上清液于 420nm处测定各管吸收值, 0. 1%的碳酸氢 钠溶液调零点, 并以 0. 1%甲基橙溶液 0. 2ml加入 8ml 0. 1%的碳酸氢 钠溶液摇勾后测吸收度作为基数甲基橙光密度, 按下式计算甲基橙 胃残留率: 甲基橙胃残留率(%) =胃甲基橙光密度 /基数甲基橙光密 度 *100%。 各组甲基橙胃残留率采用組间 t检验, 进行统计学处理。 试验结果: 表 3 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方对正常小鼠胃排空的影响 組别 剂量 ( mg/kg ) 光密度 甲基橙胃残留率(%) 空白对照组 0. 306 J0. 080 50. 9 ±13. 2
吗丁啉組 20 0. 188 ¾. 056 31. 3 ¾. 4**
石杉碱甲組 0. 4 0. 219 ^0. 072 31. 4 ±11. 9*
两药复方 0. 4+2. 5 0. 298 i0. 073 49. 6 ±12. 1
注: 与空白对照組比 *P<0. 05,**P<0. 01
从上表可以看出. 吗丁啉组可显著促进小鼠胃排空( P〈 0. 01 >, 石杉碱甲组也明显促进胃排空(P ( 0. 05 >, 溴丙胺太林与石杉碱甲 复方使胃排空基本回复到正常水平。 试验 4 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方对由东莨菪碱资发小鼠记忆障 碍的影响
4. 1 避暗试验
试验目的:
通过小鼠避暗试验, 观察给予小鼠石杉碱甲以及石杉碱甲与溴丙 胺太林复方对由东莨菪碱诱发小鼠记忆障碍的影响
试验内容:
小鼠 48只, 取小鼠 36只, 雌雄各半, ip东莨菪碱 4. 5mg/kg, 用被动回避性条件反射仪,将小鼠面部背向洞口放明室 ,同时启动 记录装置,进行避暗训练。 1天后, 随机分 3組, 分别为石杉碱甲组、 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方组、 模型组, 每組 12只, 剂量为 0. 4、 0. 4 + 2. 5mg/kg,给药体积均为 0. 2ml/20g,模型組给予同体积的 NS, 给药后 20分钟后,将小鼠面部背向洞口放明室 ,同时启动记录装置 记录 5min内小鼠由明室进入暗室的潜伏期与 5min内错误次数, 以 潜伏期与错误次数衡量小鼠的学习记忆能力。 表 4石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍小鼠的 影响
組别 剂量 ( mg/kg ) 潜伏期 错误次数 正常組 NS 36.8¾2.6 1.4¾.81 模型组 NS 9.62¾.84ΔΛ 3.85±1.38ΔΔ 石杉碱甲组 0.4 41.2 ±7.35** 1.75 ±1.04** 石与溴复方組 0.4+2.5 39.8¾.4 1.85 ±1.19** 注:与模型组比 *Ρ<0.05, **Ρ<0· 01;与正常组比 ΔΡ<0.05, ΔΔΡ<0 石杉碱甲可显著延长小鼠由明室进入暗室的潜伏期(Ρ <0.01>, 减少由明室进入暗室的错误次数; 溴丙胺太林与石杉碱甲复方与石 杉碱甲单用比较, 使小鼠由明室进入暗室的潜伏期及错误次数无明 显差异。
4.2跳台试验
试验目的:
通过小鼠跳台试验, 观察给予小鼠石杉碱甲以及石杉碱甲与溴丙 胺太林复方对由东莨菪碱诱发小鼠记忆障碍的影响
试验内容:
分组和给药方法同上。 将小鼠放入跳台反射箱内 ,然后通以 38V交流电 ,记录 5min内小鼠受电击次数。 24h后测试放于平台上 的小鼠跳至铜栅上的潜伏期及 5min内的错误次数作为记忆成绩。
训练前让动物适应 3min,然后将动物背向洞口放入明室',同时 启动自动记录装置 ,记录 5min 内动物进入暗室的潜伏期及错误次 数 , 24 h后测验记忆成绩。 表 5 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍小鼠(跳台) 的影响
组别 剂量 ( mg/kg ) 错误次数
正常组 NS 2. 25 ±1. 58 模型组 NS 4. 75 ¾. 05Δ 石杉碱甲組 0. 4 2. 11 ¾. 93**
石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林 0. 4+2. 5 2. 24 ±1. 02**
复方組
注: 与模型组比 〈0. 05,**?<0. 01; 与正常組比 ΔΡ<0. 05,
Δ ΔΡ<0. 01
石杉碱甲可显著延长小鼠由明室进入暗室的潜伏期(Ρ〈0. 01〉, 减少由明室进入暗室的错误次数; 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方使小 鼠由明室进入暗室的错误次数与石杉碱甲基本一致。 试验 5 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方对家兔唾液腺分泌的影响 试验目的
通过对家兔唾液腺分泌试验, 观察给予小鼠石杉碱甲以及石杉碱 甲与溴丙胺太林复方对家兔唾液腺分泌的影响
2、 试验内容 ,
取家兔 18只, 分 3组, 每組 6只, 雌雄各半, 停食 24小时, 只 供水, 分别为石杉碱甲 13组、 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方组、 正常 组给药前分别测定各兔的唾液分泌量。 测定方法是用止血钳将相近 重量的干棉球(100 ±10mg)—个, 分别在兔口腔的一侧颊部先揩一 遍, 后将棉球放在上齿最后一颗牙齿内侧靠近腮腺开口处, 2min后 取出, 減去棉球干重, 为唾液量, 将两侧的唾液量相加, 即为该兔 的唾液量, 给药剂量为 0. 1、 0. 1 + 0. 6mg/kg, 给药体积均为 0. 5ml/kg, 给药后 15分钟后, 收集唾液, 10分钟记录唾液量一次, 比较给药前后 30分钟内三组唾液量。
表 6石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方对家兔唾液腺分泌的影响
組别 剂量( mg/kg ) 给药前唾液量 给药后唾液量
( mg ) ( mg ) 正常组 NS 503 ±108 487 ±129 石杉碱甲組 0. 1 487 ±113 1026 ¾65w 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林 0. 1+0. 6 526 ±135 54 ±121 复方組
注: 与空白对照组比 *P<0. 05, **P<0. 01
石杉碱甲可显箸促进家兔唾液分泌(P〈0. 01 ), 石杉碱甲与溴 丙胺太林复方使家兔唾液分泌基本回复到正常水平。 试验 6 老年性痴呆病人使用石杉碱甲組与石杉碱甲和溴丙胺太林 复方(因无国家批准的复方制剂, 以两药溶解后同 替代)组胃肠 道不良反应的比较
将诊断为老年性痴呆的病人 40人随机分为两组, 每组 20人, 一 组给予石杉碱甲胶嚢 0. 1 mg,一日 2次; 另一组给予石杉碱甲胶嚢 0. 1 mg和溴丙胺太林 15 mg, 一日 2次, 观察给药后 30分钟、 1小 时的胃肠道反应, 观察指标包括上腹不适、 恶心、 呕吐。 结果显示,. 单用石杉碱甲组, 有 6人出现上腹不适, 4人出现恶心, 1人反应较 重出现呕吐; 石杉碱甲与溴丙胺太林复方組, 有 2人出现上腹不适, 无人出现恶心和呕吐。 表明溴丙胺太林与石杉碱甲复方可明显减少 石杉碱甲引起的胃肠道反应。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种治疗老年性痴呆的药物組合物,含有胆碱酯酶抑制剂和 抗胆碱药。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的药物组合物,胆碱酯酶抑制剂的含量 为临床治疗老年性痴呆的剂量的 1 - 2倍; 抗胆碱药的含量为不 超过临床用于胃肠痉挛解痉止痛的剂量。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的药物组合物,胆碱酯酶抑制剂的 含量范围是 0. 05-160mg; 抗胆碱药的含量范围是 0. 5-400mg。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的組合物,抗胆碱药为不能或不易 透过血脑屏障的药物。
5. 根据权利要求 4 所述的组合物,抗胆碱药是溴丙胺太林 ( propantheline bromide ) 、 丁淡东 菪碱 (scopolamine butylbromide)、 溴甲胺太林 ( methyantheline bromide ) 、 异 丙破胺 (isopropamide iodide)、 戊沙淡胺 (valethamate)、 甲澳 东 " ^菪碱 (scopolamine methobromide) 、 甲趟 东 ¾菪碱 (scopolamine methonitrate) 、 甲 淡 阿 托 品 (atropine methobromide)、 甲 ί|阿托品 (atropine methonitrate)、 地泊淡 (diponium bromide) , 澳派喷酉旨 pipenzolate bromide)、 喷 淡铵 (penthienate bromide)、 甲淡苯那替秦 (benactyzine methobromide)、 二苯马尼 diphemanil)、 依美澳铵 (emepronium bromide)或疏酸地布托林 (dibutoline sulfate)的一种或几种。
6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的組合物, 抗胆碱药优选为溴丙胺太 林。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的组合物,溴丙胺太林在组合物中的含 量为 1 - 60 mg。
8. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的药物组合物,胆碱酯酶抑制剂可 以是他克林、 加兰他敏、 利斯的明、 多奈哌齐或石杉碱甲中的一 种或几种。
9. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的组合物, 其可以通过口服、 注射 或皮肤途径给药。
10. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的药物组合物, 其可以是普通片 剂、 嚢、 颗粒剂、 緩控释制剂或微丸制剂。
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