WO2004081954A1 - R-t-b系焼結磁石およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
R-t-b系焼結磁石およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004081954A1 WO2004081954A1 PCT/JP2004/003150 JP2004003150W WO2004081954A1 WO 2004081954 A1 WO2004081954 A1 WO 2004081954A1 JP 2004003150 W JP2004003150 W JP 2004003150W WO 2004081954 A1 WO2004081954 A1 WO 2004081954A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/048—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by pulverising a quenched ribbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an RT-B based sintered magnet and a method of manufacturing the same.
- the R-T-B permanent magnet which is a typical high-performance permanent magnet, is used in various applications such as various motors and actuators because of its excellent magnetic properties. However, further improvements in magnetic properties, corrosion resistance, cost reduction, etc. are required to miniaturize, reduce the weight and further enhance the functionality of electric and electronic devices.
- the factors determining the residual magnetic flux density are the abundance ratio of the main phase and the degree of orientation thereof.
- the main phase abundance ratio In order to increase the main phase abundance ratio, it is practically difficult to bring the composition close to the stoichiometry of the R 2 T 14 B compound, in particular to reduce B.
- B falls below the stoichiometric ratio, the soft magnetic R 2 Fe 1 7 phase precipitates in the grain boundary phase responsible for the coercivity, and the coercivity drops significantly. For this reason, it is necessary to set the B concentration to a value slightly higher than the stoichiometric ratio as the Tatsuge 1 ⁇ value.
- the B-rich phase has nothing to do with the magnet characteristics, and as the ratio increases, the residual magnetic flux density B f will decrease. In addition, it is not easy to detect a small amount of B. It is difficult, and the error of analysis accuracy is about plus or minus 2% with respect to the B content. For this reason, B could not be added in excess of the stoichiometric ratio, and it was possible to further improve the magnet characteristics by reducing the B concentration.
- Ga is added to the RTB-based sintered magnet alloy, the R_T-B-based bonded magnet, and in particular to the anisotropic bonded magnet according to the HDDR method.
- the purpose of Ga addition is to improve the coercivity in sintered magnets, and in the case of bonded magnets, to improve coercivity and maintain anisotropy in the recrystallization process.
- Japanese Patent No. 25773 3 discloses that a high coercivity can be obtained by adding ⁇ 10.2 to 13 mass% of Ga to an RT-B based sintered magnet.
- Patent No. 2751 199 shows that high coercivity can be obtained by adding at least one of N b, W, V, T a and Mo together with 0. 08 end to 14. 4 mass% of G a It discloses what can be obtained.
- the prior art disclosed in these documents aims to improve the coercivity by adding a relatively large amount of Ga.
- Patent No. 3255593 publication the R (F ⁇ 1 _ x _ y _ 2 _ u CO x B y G a Z M U) ⁇ composition, addition of 0 ° z ⁇ 0. 1 wide range of 5 to G a Disclose what to do.
- the addition of 0.1% to 0.5% by mass of G a in the range of 3 to 0% by mass is disclosed, the addition of G a in the example is 0. 09 mass% or more.
- Japanese Patent No. 3255593 publication the R (F ⁇ 1 _ x _ y _ 2 _ u CO x B y G a Z M U) ⁇ composition, addition of 0 ° z ⁇ 0. 1 wide range of 5 to G a Disclose what to do.
- 2966342 discloses the addition of 0.01% to 0.5% by mass of Ga at an O (oxygen) concentration of less than 25% by mass or less.
- O oxygen
- the haze is more than 0.80 mass, and the B concentration at this time is 1.05% by mass.
- Japanese Patent No. 3298221 and Japanese Patent No. 329821 9 disclose the simultaneous addition of a concentration of 0.9% to 1.3% by mass of day and a concentration of 0.02% to 0.5% by mass of Ga.
- the addition of V is essential, and the examples in which the B concentration is less than 1.0% by mass are described and are not described.
- Japanese Patent No. 329650 completion describes various additive elements at 7 at% or less, and contains G a, but the B constituent phase together with the N d liquid phase is essential to the magnetic constituent phase.
- Japanese Patent No. 3080275 discloses the addition of 0.05 to 1% by mass of Ga, but contains Nb as an essential element.
- Japanese Patent No. 29045 B1 discloses a method of producing a sintered magnet using the so-called HDDR method. 0 to 4 at% Ga addition is disclosed. However, the action of Ga in the HDDR process using hydrogenated anthracite 'does not manifest in sintered magnets.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020382 describes an alloy source of two different compositions.
- the invention relating to a two-alloy method is disclosed which uses a mixture of 0 for both alloys or one alloy. It is described to combine 0.1-1 wt% of Ga and Alt in combination, but it is disclosed only an example of adding 0.1 wt% of (3 & cir &.
- the present invention has been made in view of these points, and the object of the present invention is to reduce the abundance ratio of B-rich phase (R ⁇ F e 4 B 4 ) and increase the abundance ratio of the main phase.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an R-T-B based sintered magnet having an improved magnetic flux density B. Disclosure of the invention
- R 27.0 mass% or more and 32. 0 mass% or less (R is at least one of Nd, P r, Dy, and Tb; R d: 27.0 mass% or more; N d; Or any one of P r must be included, T: 63.0% by mass or more and 72.5% by mass or less ( ⁇ is necessarily included by Fe, and 50% or less of T can be replaced by Co ), Ga: 0.01 mass% or more and 0.8 mass% or less, and B: 0.85 mass% or more and 0.98 mass% or less. .
- M 2.0% by mass or less (M is A 1 x S i, T i, V, C r, Mn, N i, Cu, Zn, Z r, Nb,
- It contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Mo, Iru Sru H f, Ta, and W.
- the main phase having the tetragonal RsT 4 B crystal structure occupies 90% or more of the magnet volume and is substantially free of the Fe 4 B 4 phase.
- the oxygen concentration is not more than 0.5% by mass
- the nitrogen concentration is not more than 0.2% by mass
- the hydrogen concentration is not more than 0.1% by mass.
- the method of manufacturing the sintered R-T-B magnet according to the present invention is as follows: R: 27. ⁇ mass% to 32. 0 mass% »(R is at least one of Nd, Pr, Dy and Tb) 1 type, Nd or P r (or any one of them must be included), T: 63.0% by mass> or more and 2.5% or less by mass ( ⁇ is always contained Fe, T of 50% or less can be replaced by Co), Ga: 0.01% by mass or more and 0.80% or less, and B: 0.85% by mass> 0.98% by mass or less of an alloy powder
- the step of preparing the powder of the alloy comprises the steps of: preparing a molten metal of the alloy; and rapidly cooling the molten metal of the alloy by a strip casting method and solidifying it. And manufacturing the alloy, and grinding the quenched alloy.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the B concentration dependence of the magnet characteristics. The graph shows data for each of the example in which 0.02% by mass of Ga was added and the comparative example in which Ga was not added.
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing the G a concentration dependence of the magnet characteristics.
- Fig. 3 is a photograph showing a metal structure of a sintered magnet of 31 N d-b a and F e-1 C o-0. 2 A l-. 1 C u-0. O 2 G a-O. 93 B.
- the photo on the left shows the reflection electron beam image, and the photo on the right shows the characteristic X-ray image of B.
- Figure 4 shows that 31 N d-b a l. F e-1 C o-0. 2 A l-0. 1
- FIG. 5 shows the metallographic structure of the sintered magnet of 31 N d-b a 1.
- the photo on the left shows the reflection electron beam image, and the photo on the right shows the characteristic X-ray image of B.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the magnetic characteristics when a part of the rare earth element R is replaced by the heavy rare earth Dy.
- the figure is a graph showing the B concentration dependency of the magnet characteristics in the strip casting method and the ingot method.
- the inventor of the present invention is an extremely minute B concentration of 0.85 mass% or more by adding a large amount of Ga.
- Soft magnetic property R 2 F while suppressing the formation of B-rich phase (NC! 1 F e 4 B 4 ) in the grain boundary phase by setting to a value lower than the conventional value within the range of 9% by mass or less. Having found that the formation of the e 17 phase can be suppressed, the present invention has been conceived.
- the addition of a small amount of Ga suppresses the formation of the B-rich phase and the soft magnetic R 2 Fe 7 phase in the grain boundary phase. As a result, the coercivity is decreased even when the B concentration is relatively low. It becomes possible to express excellent magnet characteristics without inviting it. The effect obtained by the addition of such a small amount of Ga is not completely known in the past.
- the sintered magnet of the present invention since the B concentration is set low, the coercivity is unlikely to fluctuate, and it is not necessary to add B excessively, so the abundance ratio of the main phase increases and the residual magnetic flux density B r is improved. . Although the presence of the B-rich phase is known to adversely affect the corrosion resistance, the sintered magnet of the present invention has substantially no B-rich phase, so the corrosion resistance is improved.
- the present invention it is possible to avoid the wasteful consumption of the rare earth element R, which is unnecessary, since the addition of extra R due to the excessive addition of B is not necessary. Furthermore, when the concentration of the highly reactive rare earth element R decreases, As a result, the corrosion resistance of the sintered magnet is further improved, which is also advantageous. In the present invention, since only a low concentration of Ga is added as compared with the conventional addition of Ga, it is possible to sufficiently obtain the effect of improving the magnetic properties while reducing the cost of using expensive Ga.
- R 27.0% by mass or more and 32. 0% by mass or less (R is at least one of Nd, P r, Dy, and T b, and either Nd or P r is necessarily included), T: 63.0% by mass or more and 72.5% by mass or less ( ⁇ always contains Fe, and 50% or less of T can be replaced with Co), Ga: 0.01% by mass> or more.
- An alloy having a composition of 08 mass% or less and B: 0.85 mass% or more and 0.98 mass% or less is produced. Specifically, the raw materials are melted so as to have the above composition, and they are cooled and solidified to produce an alloy.
- the production of the above-mentioned alloy can be carried out by employing a known general method.
- the lip casting method is more effectively used.
- flakes having a thickness of about 0.1 mm to 5 mm can be obtained by the lip lip casting method.
- the R rich phase is finely dispersed
- the minor axis size of the main phase R 2 T 14 B phase is 0.1 to 50 um
- the major axis size is 5 m to the plate thickness
- Centrifugal fabrication may be used instead of lip casting. Also dissolved.
- direct reduction diffusion may be used to produce an alloy of the above composition.
- the obtained alloy is ground to an average particle size of 1 to 10 m by a known method.
- the powder of such an alloy can be suitably produced by performing two types of grinding, a coarse grinding process and a fine grinding process.
- Coarse grinding can be performed by hydrogen occlusion grinding or mechanical grinding using a disk mill or the like. Milling can be carried out by mechanical milling such as jet milling, ball milling, and lightening.
- the finely pulverized powder obtained by the above pulverization is formed into various shapes using known forming techniques. Although molding is generally performed using a compression molding method in a magnetic field, it may be performed using a method of pulse orientation and then molding in a hydrostatic pressure molding rubber mold.
- Liquid lubricants such as fatty acid esters, stearinates such as zinc fatty acid, and other solid lubricants before comminution to improve the efficiency of powder feeding during molding, uniform molding density, etc. It is preferred to add to the powder and / or the powder after milling. The addition amount is preferably 0.1 parts by weight to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of powder.
- the molded body after molding can be sintered by a known method.
- the sintering temperature is preferably 1000 ° G to 1180 ° C., and the sintering time is preferably about 1 to 6 hours.
- the sintered body after sintering is subjected to a predetermined heat treatment. This heat treatment Thus, the effect of the addition of a small amount of Ga and the reduction effect of B according to the present invention become even more remarkable.
- the heat treatment conditions are a temperature of 400 ° to 600 ° ( ⁇ for about 1 to 8 hours.
- R is an essential element of the rare earth sintered magnet may be selected from NcK P r 3 ⁇ 4 D y 3 ⁇ 4 T b Norochi least one. However, it is desirable that R always include either Nd or P r. More preferably, a combination of rare earth elements represented by Nd-Dy, Nd-Tb, Nd-Pr-Dy, or Nd-Pr-Tb is used.
- 3 is particularly effective in improving the coercivity.
- other rare earth elements such as a small amount of Ce, La, or the like may be contained to use mischite.
- R may not be a pure element, and may contain industrially unavoidable impurities as long as it is industrially available. If the content is less than 2% by mass, high magnetic properties, particularly high coercivity, can not be obtained, and if it exceeds 32.0% by mass, the residual magnetic flux density is lowered. It is 0 mass% or less.
- T always contains Fe, and 50% or less of it can be replaced with Co. In addition, it can contain a small amount of transition metal elements other than Fe and Co. Co is effective in improving temperature characteristics and corrosion resistance, and is usually used in combination of 10% or less of Co and the balance Fe. If less than 63.0% by mass, the residual magnetic flux density decreases, and if it exceeds 72.5% by mass, the coercivity decreases, so 63.0% by mass or more. Up end 2.5% or less.
- Ga is an essential element of the present invention.
- Ga was added in relatively large amounts (0.08% by mass »or more) mainly for the purpose of improving coercivity, but in the present invention, B is added as a stoichiometric ratio by the addition of fine Ga.
- B is added as a stoichiometric ratio by the addition of fine Ga.
- the content of Ga is set to not less than 0.1% by mass and not more than 0.8% by mass. If the content is less than 0.01% by mass, the above characteristics can not be obtained, and management by analysis becomes difficult. If it exceeds 0.8% by mass, as described later, the residual magnetic flux density may decrease, which is not preferable.
- Ga in the present invention can exert its effect without single addition, that is, without combined addition with other additive elements.
- B is an essential element, and as described above, the content thereof is made to be 0.85% by mass or more and 0.98% by mass or less, which is extremely close to the stoichiometric ratio, by containing Ga. Can.
- the soot concentration is set in the range of 0.55% by mass or more and 0.98% by mass or less.
- the particularly preferable range is 0.90 mass% or more, 0.96 mass 3 ⁇ 4> or more It is below.
- a substantially B- rich phase volume ratio of the (R, F ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 ) the elimination main phase from the configuration phase of the order sintered magnet is reduced B concentration It can be enhanced.
- the residual magnetic flux density of the sintered magnet can be improved without causing any reduction in the coercivity.
- ⁇ can be replaced by C. It is known that this kind of substitution improves the corrosion resistance of the magnet. Even in the magnet of the present invention, it is possible to replace ⁇ with C, but C substitution is not preferable because it is accompanied by a decrease in coercivity. C contained in the magnet in the conventional method of manufacturing a sintered magnet does not replace ⁇ in the main phase, exists as impurities such as rare earth carbides at grain boundaries, and deteriorates the magnetic properties.
- the at least one element is at least one of Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Sn, Hf, Ta, and W. It is one kind.
- the addition amount is preferably 2.0% by mass or less. If the content exceeds 2.0% ⁇ %, the residual magnetic flux density decreases.
- unavoidable impurities can be tolerated in addition to the above elements.
- the constituent phase of the sintered magnet obtained by producing an alloy sintered body using an alloy of the composition described above and powder metallurgical means described later has a tetragonal R 2 T !! 4 B crystal structure.
- the main phase ratio can be increased, and the residual magnetic flux density ⁇ can be increased.
- the fine powder was molded at a pressure of 1 96 MPa in a magnetic field of 0.8 MA / m.
- the size of the molded body is 15 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm.
- a right angle magnetic field molding machine was used, in which no lubricant binder was used at all, and the magnetic field application direction and the pressure direction were orthogonal to each other.
- This molded body is held for 1 hour in 80CTC (1 073 K) using a vacuum sintering furnace, and then held for 2 hours at 1040 ° C (1 31 3 K) for sintering.
- Atmosphere inside the furnace at this time was introduced argon gas (Ar) While maintaining the partial pressure of Ar at 300 Pa by evacuation. Cooling was carried out by repressurizing the inside of the furnace to atmospheric pressure with Ar gas and letting it cool while flowing Ar / / method.
- the magnet characteristics are evaluated with a BH ⁇ racer, and heat treatment is performed for 1 hour at 500 ° C. (7 ° 3K) in an Ar atmosphere, and then re-machined, BH Evaluate the magnet characteristics with a pressure sensor.
- each sample is heat-treated at 350 ° C. (623 K) for 1 hour to conduct heat demagnetization, and then powdered in a steel mortar in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain an analysis sample. Analysis, analysis of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen by gas analyzer and hydrogen analysis by TDS were conducted. The compositions shown in the following data are all analysis values of the sintered magnet itself. Density is measured by the Archimedes method.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the B concentration dependency of the magnet characteristics.
- the graph shows data for each of 0.2% by mass of the example in which 3a is added and the comparative example in which Ga is not added. Shows the measurement result in the case of no heat treatment ( ⁇ : a ss intered on sintering), and shows the measurement result in the case where the heat treatment is heat treatment.
- R ⁇ (Nd) In the case of B, the concentration of B is improved along with the decrease of B concentration, but in this example ((: no heat treatment, ⁇ : after heat treatment), the B concentration is low. In the critical area, no decrease in coercivity is observed, especially after heat treatment. In particular, it can be seen that the coercivity is greatly improved by the heat treatment when the B concentration is 0, 98 or less.
- oxygen 0.36-0.40 mass%
- nitrogen 0.34-0. 01 5 mass%
- carbon 0. 04-0. 05 mass%
- hydrogen 0. It was 002 mass% or less.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the magnetic properties and the density when the amount of R is fixed to 31% by mass, the amount of B is fixed to 0.94% by mass, and the amount of Ga is changed.
- the B concentration (0.94 mass%) is set within the composition range in which the Ga addition effect is significantly recognized, as can be seen from the graph of FIG.
- the sample preparation method in this example is the same as the sample preparation method in Example 1.
- the coercive force H due to Ga addition It can be seen that j improves.
- the coercivity H c j is more efficiently improved by the addition of a very small amount (0.01 mass%) of Ga.
- residual magnetic flux density B shows a peak at Ga concentration near 0.04 mass%.
- the Ga concentration exceeds 0.80% by mass, the residual magnetic flux density B “is increased by the addition of Ga despite the fact that the density of the sintered body is improved. It can be seen that the residual magnetic flux density B in the case of heat sink is reduced.
- the B concentration when the B concentration is set low as in the present invention, it is necessary to set the Ga concentration to 0.80 mass% or less. As in the conventional case, when the Ga concentration exceeds 0.80 mass%, the coercivity B f is reduced, which is not preferable.
- sample of this data is either oxygen: 0.30-0.44 mass%, nitrogen: 0. 004-0. 01 2 mass%, carbon: 0. 03-0. 05 mass%, hydrogen: 0 . 002 mass% or less.
- Fig. 3 shows the metallographic structure of the sintered magnet of 31 Nd-b a1. Fe-1 Co-O. 2 A1-0. 1 Cu-0. 02 G a-0. 93 B.
- the left picture in Fig. 3 shows the reflection electron beam image, and the right picture shows the characteristic X-ray image of B. In this composition, the accumulation point of B is not recognized, and it can be seen that there is substantially no B-r ich phase.
- Fig. 4 shows the metallographic structure of the sintered magnet of 31 Nd-bal .F e-1 Co-0. 2 A1-0. 1 Cu- 0. 02 G a-i. 01 B.
- the left picture in Fig. 4 shows a reflection electron beam image, and the right picture shows a characteristic X-ray image of B. From Figure 4 In the same way, B accumulation points are observed. That is, when the composition of B is excessive, B-rich phase is generated even if Ga is added.
- FIG. 5 shows the metallographic structure of a sintered magnet of 31 N d-b a1.
- Ga is not added to the sintered magnet of FIG. 5, and its coercivity is low as shown in the graph of FIG.
- the B-rich phase is not observed yet.
- N d-F e-B ternary phase diagram it is considered that a ferromagnetic Nd 2 F e 17 phase is formed. It is considered that the cause of the decrease in the coercive force in the sintered magnet having no composition of Ga and a low B concentration is that the Nd 2 Fe ⁇ 7 phase precipitates.
- the composition of the sintered magnet is Nd 31.0 mass%, C o 1.0 mass%, G a
- Sintered magnets were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 for such alloys having different B concentrations.
- the sintering temperature in the case of using the mother alloy of the slip casting method is set to 1 04 ° C. (1 31 3 K)
- the sintering temperature in the case of using the mother alloy of the ingot method is It was set to 1 070 ° C (1 343 K).
- the holding time at the sintering temperature was set to 2 hours in each case.
- Example 2 Evaluation of the obtained magnet is performed in the same manner as the evaluation in Example 1.
- the figure shows the B concentration dependence of the magnetic properties after heat treatment at 500 ° C (773 K) for 1 hour.
- the ⁇ in the plan shows the data of the alloy by the slip caliper method, and the mouth shows the data of the alloy by the ingot method.
- a high coercivity sintered magnet substantially free of B-rich phase (R 1 F e 4 B 4 ) while reducing the B concentration and suppressing the formation of the soft magnetic phase.
- B is designated as a PRTR-controlled substance, the ability to reduce the use of B itself has an excellent effect.
- the control standard regarding the B concentration can be relaxed, and a high quality sintered magnet can be reproduced with good reproducibility. It will be possible to provide.
- Ga used in the present invention is an expensive metal
- the present invention since the above effect can be obtained with a very small amount of addition as compared with the prior art, no cost up occurs.
- the amount of R required can be reduced by the disappearance of the B- 'ich phase, cost reduction is possible as well.
- the disappearance of the B- rich phase By reducing the amount of R and the amount of R, the advantage of improving the corrosion resistance is obtained.
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/527,797 US20050268989A1 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-10 | R-t-b sintered magnet and process for producing the same |
| EP04719123A EP1562203A4 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-10 | R-T-B SINTERED MAGNET AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE |
| JP2005503551A JP4470884B2 (ja) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-10 | R−t−b系焼結磁石およびその製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-065900 | 2003-03-12 | ||
| JP2003065900 | 2003-03-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004081954A1 true WO2004081954A1 (ja) | 2004-09-23 |
Family
ID=32984520
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/003150 Ceased WO2004081954A1 (ja) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-10 | R-t-b系焼結磁石およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050268989A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1562203A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4470884B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100550219C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004081954A1 (ja) |
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- 2004-03-10 WO PCT/JP2004/003150 patent/WO2004081954A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2004-03-10 EP EP04719123A patent/EP1562203A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-10 US US10/527,797 patent/US20050268989A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-10 CN CNB2004800015514A patent/CN100550219C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPWO2005015580A1 (ja) * | 2003-08-12 | 2006-10-05 | 株式会社Neomax | R−t−b系焼結磁石および希土類合金 |
| JP2006093501A (ja) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-04-06 | Neomax Co Ltd | 希土類焼結磁石及びその製造方法 |
| JP2006228992A (ja) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-31 | Tdk Corp | 希土類永久磁石 |
| JP2006261526A (ja) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-28 | Tdk Corp | 希土類焼結磁石の製造方法 |
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| JP2013175705A (ja) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-09-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | 希土類磁石の製造方法 |
| US9997284B2 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2018-06-12 | Tdk Corporation | Sintered magnet |
| US9859055B2 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2018-01-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Manufacturing method for rare-earth magnet |
| JP2014086529A (ja) * | 2012-10-23 | 2014-05-12 | Toyota Motor Corp | 希土類焼結磁石とその製造方法 |
| US10468165B2 (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2019-11-05 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Rare-earth magnet and method for manufacturing same |
| US10748684B2 (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2020-08-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Rare-earth magnet and method for manufacturing same |
| JP2017508269A (ja) * | 2013-11-27 | 2017-03-23 | シアメン タングステン カンパニー リミテッド | 低bの希土類磁石 |
| JP2018133578A (ja) * | 2013-11-27 | 2018-08-23 | シアメン タングステン カンパニー リミテッド | 低bの希土類磁石 |
| US10056177B2 (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2018-08-21 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for producing rare-earth magnet |
| CN103924158A (zh) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-07-16 | 周末 | 一种铁铝基软磁材料的制备方法 |
| CN105296888A (zh) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-03 | 丁义存 | 一种记忆复合材料TiNaB合金及其制造方法 |
| US11145444B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2021-10-12 | Tdk Corporation | R-T-B-based sintered magnet |
| WO2021095633A1 (ja) | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | R-Fe-B系焼結磁石 |
| WO2021095630A1 (ja) | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | R-Fe-B系焼結磁石 |
| US12325072B2 (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2025-06-10 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | R—Fe—B-based sintered magnet |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4470884B2 (ja) | 2010-06-02 |
| EP1562203A4 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
| EP1562203A1 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
| CN1717755A (zh) | 2006-01-04 |
| JPWO2004081954A1 (ja) | 2006-06-15 |
| US20050268989A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
| CN100550219C (zh) | 2009-10-14 |
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