WO2004086818A1 - Procede pour traiter un signal electrique de son - Google Patents
Procede pour traiter un signal electrique de son Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004086818A1 WO2004086818A1 PCT/FR2004/050120 FR2004050120W WO2004086818A1 WO 2004086818 A1 WO2004086818 A1 WO 2004086818A1 FR 2004050120 W FR2004050120 W FR 2004050120W WO 2004086818 A1 WO2004086818 A1 WO 2004086818A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S1/00—Two-channel systems
- H04S1/007—Two-channel systems in which the audio signals are in digital form
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- the present invention relates to a method for processing an electrical sound signal.
- the object of the invention is, with this electrical sound signal, to produce a depth effect at the time of diffusion.
- a stereophonic sound signal is preferably used, but a monophonic sound signal could be used. From a classic left to right sound, the process gives an effect of depth which transposes the listener into a three-dimensional space.
- the invention finds particularly advantageous, but not exclusively, applications in the processing of an original film soundtrack. It may however relate to the processing of any musical band, whether this is otherwise stored on a tape medium or on a disc.
- the invention is intended, among other things, for sound engineers who will be able, from a sound signal without depth, conventional and available on a commercial support, to apply transformations so as to give the sound volume and envelopment desired.
- the invention also relates to industrial applications which consist in installing on consumer devices elements, such as for example memories, which incorporate necessary and sufficient parameters for the implementation of sound processing according to the invention.
- the end user will be able to use the settings proposed on his stereo, television or digital music player to give the depth he wants to the sound at the moment he wishes.
- a sound without depth, flat gives the impression when one listens to it at a certain distance to come from a plan located opposite the listener.
- a sound with depth gives the impression, much more pleasant, of coming from sound sources arranged in several planes in depth with respect to the listener.
- the two microphones can also be approached and distant simultaneously from said source. This process, which can be described as acoustic-analog, makes it possible to give an impression of depth to a well-defined type of sound: the sound for which the sound was taken by means of the two microphones, and for the position and the position variation of these two microphones at the time of sound recording.
- This process has limitations. Indeed, depending on the way the microphones are moved during sound recording, the recorded sound has a particular hue. This shade, also called color, may appear more or less pleasant or more or less effective taking into account the desired effects. In addition, this shade is no longer editable.
- the object of the invention is to remedy this problem of a multitude of sound recordings and of availability by making it possible to apply digital sound processing for deepening any sound from the outset. treat.
- the invention consists in digitally simulating a transformation which corresponds to the analog process of taking sound mentioned above. This simulation is made possible because, beforehand, the parameters of this transformation have been determined.
- the parameters of this transformation are established using a sound recording configuration. In this configuration, two speakers are placed in a room opposite an artificial head. The artificial head has two microphones simulating the two human ears. To determine the parameters, a digital detection of a white noise received by each of the microphones of the head is carried out. It is considered that for each of the loudspeakers, two propagation paths are possible to reach the microphones.
- This double path is broken down into a lateral path and a crossed path for each of the speakers.
- filters four in an example (when there are two speakers and two microphones), corresponding to the four possible paths of sound.
- the simulation then consists of processing any initial sound by passing it through a filter whose parameters conform to the transformation.
- These filters can be applied to any type of sound, so as to digitally simulate the analog sound path.
- a feeling of depth is obtained which gives the listener the impression that the sound is three-dimensional.
- the listener can, with or without requesting the filters, switch from conventional listening (flat) to in-depth listening.
- the original sound and the sound processed by the filters are preferably shifted in time.
- the invention therefore relates to a method for processing an electrical sound signal in which the following steps are implemented:
- FIG. 1 a montage representing a digital processing used for sound processing according to the invention
- FIG. 2 a schematic representation of a device used for the extraction of filter coefficients, characterizing the different paths taken by the sound emitted by two speakers to the microphones of the head;
- FIG. 4 a look of an example of a right side filter and a right / left cross filter
- FIG. 1 illustrates by an arrangement the principle of the method for digital processing of an electrical sound signal of the invention.
- the assembly has two filters 1 and 2 to simulate the different sound paths. It also comprises in practice four summers 3, 4, 5 and 6 to add two by two the signals filtered by filters 1 and 2. At the output of these summers, and because in a preferred version the processing is frequency, two cells of inverse discrete Fourier transform 7 and 8 allow the signals to be transposed over time.
- Two transformers matrixes 9 and 10 make it possible to process the electrical signal applied to them as input and coming from cells 7 and 8.
- Two loudspeakers 11 and 12 make it possible to broadcast the sounds obtained delivered by the matrix transformers.
- An electrical signal of its right 13 is applied to input 14 of the filter
- the four signals are preferably combined as follows.
- the first electrical signal of its processed right 15, obtained from the electrical signal of its original right is applied at input 23 of the adder 3 via a link 22.
- the second electrical signal of its processed right 20, obtained from the signal electrical signal from its original left is applied to the second input 24 of the adder 3 via the link 25.
- an electrical signal of its right 26 is obtained obtained from the electrical signals of its right 13 and of its original left 17.
- the third electrical signal of his treated left 21 obtained from the electrical signal of his original left is applied to input 27 of the adder 4 via connection 28.
- the fourth electrical signal from his treated left 16, obtained from the electrical signal from his right 13, is applied at input 29 of adder 4 via link 30.
- the signals 26 and 31 observable at the output of the two summers 3 and 4 are transposed in the frequency domain.
- filters 1 and 2 are applied to the frequency spectra of the input signals for greater ease of processing. We will explain later why such treatment is preferred.
- the electrical signal of its processed right 26 obtained at the output of the adder 3 is applied to the input 32 of a cell 7 of inverse discrete Fourier transform via the connection 33, so as to obtain at the output of the cell 7, an electrical signal 34 of its treaty law transposed into the temporal domain.
- the electrical signal 31 from its processed left obtained at the output of the summator 4 is applied to the input 35 of a cell 8 of inverse discrete Fourier transform via a connection 36.
- cell 8 of discrete Fourier transform reverse we obtain an electrical signal 40 from its processed left transposed in time.
- we will speak of a discrete Fourier transform It is however possible to use other types of transformation. We could use transform circuits in z or others. In addition, these transforms are discrete to suit a numerical calculation. However, an analog simulation would be possible.
- the signal 34 is applied via a connection 39, at input 38 of the matrix transformer 9.
- the transformer 9 performs an operation of selecting a sub-matrix MD.
- the role of this matrix operation MD is to select a part of the samples of the electrical input signal. As will be seen later in Figure 5, some samples are redundant and they are not significant in the depth rendering of the final sound.
- the MD matrix operation solves this redundancy problem.
- the signal 40 obtained at the output of the inverse discrete Fourier transform 8 is applied to the input 41 of a matrix cell. 10 containing an MG part via connection 42, so as to obtain at output 43 a signal which retains only the significant samples.
- the electrical signal of its transposed and modified processed right obtained at output 44 of the matrix transformer 9 and the electrical signal of its transposed and modified processed right obtained at output 43 are then preferably combined respectively with the electrical signal of its transposed right. origin 13 and the electrical signal from its original left 17, as follows:
- the electrical signal of its processed right, transposed and modified observable at 44 is taken at the interconnection 46 of the connection 45 connected to the output 44 of the matrix cell 9. This signal taken at 46 is applied at input 47 of the adder 5 via the junction 48.
- the electrical signal of his right 13 is taken at the interconnection 49 of the link connecting the electric signal of his right 13 to the input of the filter 1. This signal taken is applied at input 50 of the adder 5 via the connection 51.
- the output 52 of the adder 5 is connected to the input 53 of the speaker 11 via the connection 54.
- the electrical signal from its processed left, transposed and modified, is taken at output 43 from the matrix cell 10 at the interconnection 54 of the link 55. This signal is applied at the input 56 of the adder 6 via the link.
- the electrical signal from its left 17 is taken from the link 18 via the junction 58. This signal is applied to the second input 59 of the summator 6 via the junction 60. The output 61 of the summator 6 is applied in speaker 62 input 12.
- the sound resulting from the sound diffusion 63 of the loudspeaker 11 as well as of the sound diffusion 64 of the loudspeaker 12 results from a combination, here additional, between the electrical signals of original sound 13 and 17 with the electrical signals of its processed treaties observable in 46 and 54.
- a time difference is preferably introduced between the original signals and the processed signals, so that each of the processed electrical signals is emitted in advance with respect to the electrical sound signals of origin. This combination of signals and this time difference provide a complementary feeling of depth to the listener. We could do without the original sounds.
- FIG. 2 is the analog equivalent of the essential system of the invention delimited in dotted lines in FIG. 1. From this arrangement, the transfer functions which are present in the filters 1 and 2 of FIG. 1 are deduced. This deduction forms the filter extraction phase.
- the sound emitted from the loudspeaker 70 is divided into two acoustic waves using paths 71 and 72.
- the wave which takes paths 71 reaches one of the microphones 68 of the head 67 by the shortest path.
- acoustic 72 reaches the microphone 69 by the longest path 72.
- the sound emitted at the output of the speaker 73 reaches the head via two paths: a part of the sound emitted goes from the output of the speaker 73 towards the left microphone 69 via the path 74, the other part of the sound emitted goes from the output of the speaker 73 to the right microphone of the head 68 via the path 75.
- the waves or acoustic fields which take the paths 71 and 74 constitute the lateral fields.
- the acoustic fields which take paths 72 and 75 constitute the crossed fields.
- the artificial head can be located anywhere in the room to simulate a particular sound path and perform an extraction phase, in a particular configuration, the artificial head 67 is located in the median axis of the two loudspeakers. speakers.
- An intermediate step therefore consists in placing the head very precisely on this median axis.
- a dirac is an instantaneous and infinite pulse
- the comb pulses are here very brief and of great amplitude.
- the maximum amplitude of the dirac is called the dirac peak.
- signals received by microphones 68 and 69 are observed by means of a oscilloscope connected to the output of these microphones.
- the two channels of this oscilloscope are adjusted on the same time base.
- the signals observed have the appearance of a diracs comb whose amplitudes of peaks are varied.
- the dirac peak of highest amplitude corresponds to the direct field and the dirac peak of directly lower amplitude corresponds to the cross field.
- the position of the artificial head 67 is varied until the direct fields and the crossed fields are synchronous, that is to say that the peaks corresponding to the direct field and the peaks corresponding to the crossed fields observable on the oscilloscope are aligned two by two.
- the direct field received by the microphone 68 must be aligned in time with the direct field received by the microphone 69 and the cross field received by the microphones 68 must also be aligned with the cross field received by the microphone 69. setting of the preferred particular configuration, it is certain that the artificial head 67 is very exactly the same distance from the speakers 65 and 66.
- this establishment is carried out on the basis of a sound pick-up different from that of the acoustic-analog process above. Indeed, in the acoustic-analog process studied in the state of the art, the original sounds are emitted at the same time.
- white noise acoustic signals are applied, separately and successively, to each of the speakers 65 and 66.
- White noise is used in this extraction step filters because white noise also makes it possible to use a maximum sequence length (MLS) method which notably prevents outside noise from disturbing the experience.
- MLS maximum sequence length
- an electrical right white noise signal SBD 76 is produced.
- This signal SBD 76 is applied at input 77 of loudspeaker 65.
- An acoustic signal of right white noise is then emitted at output 70 of loudspeaker 65 and gives rise to an electrical signal of modified white noise detected by microphone 68 because of the lateral path 71.
- a modified white noise electrical signal is detected by the microphone 69 because of the cross path 72.
- the sound detected by the microphones is not white due to the propagation chain followed by the starting white noise . This is why we qualify this detected sound as modified white noise.
- the transformation coefficients HDD 78 of filter 1 and HDG 79 of filter 1 can respectively be determined. These coefficients result for example from 'a frequency division, frequency component to frequency component, point to point complex, between the frequency spectra of the electrical signals detected by the microphones and that of the original straight white electrical signal. Two sets of coefficients HDD 78 and HDG 79 are thus obtained.
- the components of the spectra of the different signals of the extraction phase are complex points in the mathematical sense. Each point in fact gives an indication of the phase and the amplitude of the signal to which it relates.
- This frequency division corresponds in fact for HDD 78 to a first intercorrelation of the electrical signal of right white noise in input with the electrical signal of right white noise modified in the microphone 68.
- an electrical signal of left white noise is only emitted at input 80 of loudspeaker 66 SBG 81 via the link 82.
- the signal of its white left is emitted by the output 73 of the loudspeaker 66. It is detected by a microphone 68 of the head 67 an electrical signal received white modified right which has borrowed the path 75.
- Microphone 69 detects a left modified white electrical signal received which has taken path 74.
- a third set of HGD coefficients is produced 200 linked to filter 2, by making a point-to-point frequency division between the spectrum of the white electrical signal received modified right at 68 and the spectrum of the white electrical signal transmitted left SBG 81.
- a fourth set of HGG 201 coefficients linked to filter 2 by making a point-to-point frequency division between the spectrum of the white electrical signal received on the left at 69 and the spectrum of the white electrical signal transmitted on the left.
- Filters are preferably used whose spectral filtering length is a power of two because the algorithms used for the cross-correlation and the discrete Fourier transform use models optimized for this particular case.
- Figure 3 precisely, illustrates the fact that the transfer functions obtained during the extraction phase of Figure 2 depend on the geometry of the device in space.
- Two loudspeakers 83 and 84 as well as an artificial head 85 composed of two microphones 86 and 87 disoriented on the head by 180 ° from one another are arranged in a room 90.
- the head 85 has two cones of confusion 88 and 89 which are characteristic of the human ear.
- the opening of the cones of confusion is between fifteen and twenty-five degrees. All the points of the section of the cone of confusion 88 or 89, have an identical inter-aural delay.
- the head 85 For each position of the speakers in room 90, the head 85 produces a different listening sensation. That is, it detects different electrical signals of sound, and this results in quadrilles of different nature, with different coefficients for each position.
- Called system configuration the set of parameters corresponding to a fixed or mobile position of the speakers and a fixed or mobile position microphones. Once positioned, the elements of a configuration preferably remain static during the sound recording which results in the determination of the coefficients of the filters.
- the position of the speakers 83 and 84, that of the head 85 and the microphones 87 and 86, as well as their orientation are all parameters which taken separately play on the nature of the electrical sound signal which is picked up by the microphones.
- the variation in the distance from the head 85 to the speakers 83 and 84 amounts to varying the time the sound travels through the air.
- the quadrille obtained for the configuration of elements 83, 84 and 85 in room 90 does not give the same sound during processing as the quadrille obtained from a configuration in which head 85 has been moved back, 301, raised, 302 or lowered 303, or turned on itself 304 or 305.
- the quadrilles can still be changed if one or both speakers are moved in x, y or z directions.
- the dimensions of the room 90 also have an influence on the sound detected by the microphones 86 and 87.
- the nature of the reflections of the sound emitted by the speakers 83 and 84 is modified. on the walls of the room.
- speakers and microphones have identical relative positions.
- the wall perpendicular to the x axis of room 203 is smaller than that of room 90, the reflections are more numerous along the y axis in room 203 than in room 90.
- the quadrilles which are linked to the The nature of the acoustic wave detected, its power and its frequency, are therefore different from one room to another.
- the orientation of the speakers 83 and 84 or the microphones of the head the angle of reception of the sound by the microphones of the head is modified.
- the shape of the received wave is therefore further modified.
- FIG. 4 represents in theory two particular sets of coefficients of one of the two filters obtained after the extraction phase described in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a processing which is carried out on the filters to make them more efficient. .
- coefficients of raw filters are determined according to the intercorrelations seen above.
- the impulse response of these filters is established, by an inverse discrete Fourier transform. We therefore return here, for the calculation of the filters (not for their use), in the time domain.
- Such an impulse response is shown in Figure 4.
- the diagram for the HDD filter 91 gives the appearance of the impulse response. This impulse response makes it possible to deduce the corresponding lateral field. Note on this filter the presence of an amplitude corresponding to the direct field 92.
- This amplitude ADDM is the largest of the amplitudes.
- the direct field corresponds to the field which, from the sound source, travels the shortest way to the receiver.
- the HDD impulse response 91 has a sampling period TE in relation to the pitch of the initial Fourier transform and to the initial temporal sampling of the signal.
- the HDG 96 diagram gives the appearance of the impulse response of the cross field from an electrical signal of its right. Its appearance is very similar to that of the impulse response of HDD 91 because the two sets of coefficients were obtained from the same white noise.
- the amplitude of the direct field 97 which corresponds to the acoustic field directly received by the microphone is again the most important of the filter.
- the first reflections 98 give amplitudes which are significant and the weakest of the amplitudes of the diffuse field 99 are of little interest in the processing of the sound because they are embedded in the measurement noise.
- the sampling period is preferably the same as for HDD 91: it is worth TE, reference 100.
- the direct field 92 of the HDD time filter 91 and the direct field 97 of the HDG 96 time filter are shifted in time by a duration TR, 101, called inter-aural duration.
- a first step is to readjust the filters in relation to each other by aligning the direct fields or by choosing a deviation TR appropriate to the desired sound environment.
- To vary or delete the duration TR it is possible to introduce or remove null samples between the first significant sample, 92 or 97, and the original zero over the durations 102 or 103. This introduction or this removal results in spreading out more or less the sound in space.
- a second step consists in normalizing the temporal filters of the impulse responses.
- Normalization by the power of the impulse response from the quadratic mean can then be envisaged by applying an identical window to the entire filter, and by calculating its power. We then compensate the levels to obtain identical power on the four window filters.
- time masks can also be applied to the impulse responses of the HDD 91 and HGD 96 filters.
- HDD 91 extract only the direct field and deduce a frequency filter determined solely from of this direct field. This frequency filter is then applied to the electrical signal 13. It is also possible to apply a rectangular mask 195 which eliminates the coefficients whose rank is greater than a given rank, or else a mask ending in the form of an exponential 196 in order to modify a specific part of the filter.
- a random alteration of the amplitudes of certain samples can also be carried out, always with the aim of creating a particular sound atmosphere.
- a threshold for example L1 106 or L2 107.
- This threshold may correspond to the noise level.
- samples whose level is lower than the noise level do not have a great influence on the quality of the sound processing given by the filter.
- the size of the filter must be able to adapt to the industrialization constraint, for example to the size of the memory available in the processing system or even to the computing capacity of the processor.
- filters of sixteen kilo coefficients are used, each coefficient being quantized over sixty four bits. We thus have in the impulse response sixteen kilos samples, which can lead in the frequency domain to sixteen kilos coefficients. If the resources of the system are low, the number of coefficients can be reduced to four kilos or two kilos. Below these values the results of the treatment are always present but less well controlled.
- the coefficients of these temporal filters are first transposed in the frequency domain by means of discrete Fourier transform cells 111-114.
- the signal thus processed may however appear unacceptable and require additional equalization processing.
- the invention provides for incorporating equalization functions in cells located upstream from the Fourier transform cells 111-114.
- Equalization functions modify the coefficients of the filters in amplitude and in phase over all or part of the impulse response.
- phase control is a critical point in all filtering related to spatialization and depth of sound. For example, one can modify in phase and in amplitude the coefficients of the direct field and the first reflections while leaving the coefficients of the diffuse field unchanged.
- equalization functions may be to improve the spectral rendering of a filter or a sound by correcting or compensating for certain defects which may be linked to the taking of sound. For example, a listener may want to increase the amplitudes of certain frequency components so as to bring out one color of sound more than another.
- the cells located upstream from cells 111-114 can be configured for some or all of the frequency ranges by weighting coefficients. In equalization, all the frequency components of the four filters can even be adjusted independently by providing for independently modifying the weighting coefficients of the cells. This independence gives the possibility of modifying all the characteristics of the amplitude and phase levels of the different filters.
- FIG. 5 represents by a functional block 600 a possible embodiment of the circuit which exploits the extracted filter coefficients.
- Signal processing is carried out by cutting the data to be processed into N data blocks which are multiplied by N packets of coefficients.
- N the number of packets of coefficients.
- the filter coefficients of HDD78 are present in filter 1 of FIG. 1. They make it possible, from the signal applied at input 14, to obtain the electrical signal of its processed 15 at output.
- the coefficients of a filter, therefore of the HDD 78 filter are sixteen kilos and are each defined on four bytes. With N being four, these coefficients are divided into four packets of coefficients of four kilo coefficients each.
- the input signal which is processed by HDD78 is an electrical sound signal cut into blocks of four kilos words. Each word represents a sample of data coded also on four bytes. In the assembly, four separate processing stages are produced which are combined by a summator 130.
- the circuit of FIG. 5 performs a discrete Fourier transform of the data blocks, through a cell 110, of the signal 13 transmitted by a link 132 to a memory 109.
- the coefficients of this filter are contained in the example in four read only memories, HDD1 118, HDD2 119, HDD3 120 and HDD4 121. These coefficients are multiplied to the signal available at output 136 via operators.
- the multiplied signal obtained, in the example after the summator 130, is then transposed in time by an inverse discrete Fourier transform modeled in the example by cell 7 of FIG. 1.
- the electrical sound signal to be processed 13 is grouped into groups of two consecutive blocks in time. These groups of two transformed blocks are then transmitted to a delay line 400 at four outputs 136, 152, 163 and 180. The delay available at output 136 is zero. In practice, line 400 has only three delay cells 115, 116, 117.
- the transform of each of these groups of two blocks is carried out beforehand using the discrete Fourier transform circuit 110.
- the filter coefficients are split into N packets which correspond to the four packets of coefficients of example HDD1 118, HDD2 119, HDD3 120 and HDD4 121. These packets can be contained in read only memories, one could consider calculating them at the fly.
- the ' coefficient packages used, HDD1 118, HDD2 119, HDD3 120 and HDD4 121 in the example are packets of finite impulse response filter coefficients.
- the number of coefficients of this type of filter is finite.
- the N packets of filter coefficients are transposed in the frequency domain by means of discrete Fourier transform cells 111-114. After transposition, the N blocks of the electrical input signal and the N packets of filter coefficients are multiplied two by two through multiplication operators 126-129 of the circuit of the example where N is four. Transposing the different signals to be processed in the frequency domain, the blocks of the input signal and the coefficients packets, has the effect of facilitating a convolution by transforming it into a simple multiplication in the frequency domain. This same convolution would have been difficult to calculate in the time domain and it would have required more system resources, especially more memory. The N results obtained are then added together by the summator 130. By doing so, the filtering has been broken down into N multiplications. It's easier.
- the frame of the input signal divided into blocks and observable at the output of the cell 110 is transmitted to the delay line 400 with four outputs.
- Each of the cells 115-117 delays by a block of sample the signal which is applied to it as input. By doing so, the input frame is split into N blocks, four in the example that are observable at interconnection points 139, 154, 166 and 182.
- cells 115-117 avoid the superimposition of the results of convolution at the time the sum is made. This keeps processing consistent, while having divided the filter coefficients of HDD 78 into N packets.
- the transform of signal 13 can be calculated on each of the signals observable on the N outputs of the delay line 400, by placing in the example discrete Fourier transform cells 500-503 on links 141, 156, 168, 182 We can also, and this is the preferred solution, calculate the Fourier transform for the entire frame by placing a discrete Fourier transform cell 110 upstream of the delay line.
- an electrical input signal, 13 in the example, of capacity proportional to the N th of the frame is stored.
- double blocks which overlap one on top of the other by half are formed by a memory 109 to split the input frame into N blocks.
- the capacity of the memory 109 which is here a buffer memory, is twice the size of a block of the electrical signal of its 13.
- the buffer memory of eight kilos words of four bytes is thus divided into two blocks of four kilos words each. This realization makes it possible to have successive groups (over time) of two blocks of data overlapped one on the other by fifty percent.
- the groups of data blocks at the output of the memory 109 therefore have a size of eight kilo words.
- the circular buffer 109 reduces the latency of the processing.
- the latency time is the time that elapses between the entry into the processing system of the first sample to be processed and its actual processing by the system. This latency time is linked to the filling time of the input buffer.
- This processing technique introducing recovery of the samples therefore allows rapid processing of the input signals to be filtered. In the invention, a recovery with a rate of fifty percent is used, although this is not the only possible value.
- the N packets of filter coefficients: HDD1 118, HDD2 119, HDD3 120 and HDD4 121 in the example, are supplemented by constant samples using filling cells 122 to 125.
- the complement is carried out by null samples introduced by zero padding cells but one could introduce samples of constant value, not zero, in order to vary the effects to be produced on the original sound to be processed.
- N double packets observable in the example at output 144, 157, 171 and 185 of cells 122-125 of the circuit of the example where N is four.
- Cells 122 - 125 are zero padding cells. These 122-125 cells are used so as to be able to multiply two signals although they are not the same size.
- the zero padding cells indeed complete with zero samples the signals which are applied to them as input until the latter reach a size allowing an operation to be carried out.
- signals of eight kilos words are observed while the signals applied to the inputs 142, 153, 169 and 183 were only four kilos words long.
- This complement of samples is necessary so that the multiplication is physically achievable between the N double blocks of the input signal and the N packets of filter coefficients. Indeed, a multiplication is possible, only if the sizes of the sampled signals available on the different inputs of the multiplier are identical to each other.
- the fifth comprises three other functional blocks 601, 602, 603 like the functional block 600 which has just been described.
- Signal 16 is obtained in the example from a filtering carried out on signal 13.
- Signals 21 and 20 are obtained from two filterings carried out on signal 17 of filter 2.
- the three blocks 601 - 603 have a structure similar to that of block 600.
- N which is equal to four in the preferred embodiment, can be increased.
- N the larger N, the smaller the size of the input buffer for a filter of given length. Therefore, the latency time decreases when N increases.
- the impulse responses of the filters and the input signal can also be divided into blocks of variable size. The smallest block defines the latency. It preferably corresponds to the start of the impulse response of the filter. For example, you can start by processing 128 time samples, then in the next step by processing 256, then 512 and so on, increasing the size until the end of the impulse response.
- a first block of N points is processed, the rest of the processing is on 2N points, the continuation on 4N, etc. until the end of the answer.
- a user may want to combine the effects of more than one grid.
- the memories 118 to 121 are then loaded by the
- FIG. 6a shows signals 601-615 obtained in an alternative embodiment of the filter 600 of FIG. 5.
- Signals 601-615 are represented here in a time domain but, as will be seen below, all the calculations for processing the input signal 113 by the HDD filter 78 are performed in the frequency domain, using Fourier transform cells.
- the filter coefficients of the HDD filter 78 are divided into four time slots of variable length coefficients, ie here four slots HDD1-HDD4 of length M, 2M, 4M and 8M points.
- the number of temporal samples composing these slices is multiple of a power of two because the computation of the discrete Fourier transform is faster and simple to implement with such a number of samples.
- the HDD1-HDD4 slices of coefficients, successive in time have an increasingly large length.
- the electrical signal 113 of its input sound is divided into blocks x1-x8 whose size is equal to that of the smallest coefficient slice, i.e. here the HDD1 slice which is of size M.
- the signal HDD1-HDD8 slices are then convoluted by blocks x1-x8 of the same length as each of the slices.
- the first slice HDD1 which has a length of M samples or points is convoluted by the block x1 of length M samples or points, then by the blocks x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7 and x8.
- the second HDD2 tranche which has a length of 2M points is convolved by double blocks x1x2, x3x4, x5x6 and x7x8 of length 2M points.
- multiplied blocks in this spirit By multiplying the transformed blocks by the transformed slices, we obtain multiplied blocks in this spirit.
- a multiplied block in the frequency domain corresponds to a convoluted block 601-615 in the time domain.
- the Fourier transforms are taken of double order of the length of the time blocks so that the circular convolution is identified with the linear convolution.
- the multiplied blocks corresponding to the convoluted blocks 601-615 have a length twice as long as the lengths of the initial blocks.
- the convolution of the blocks x1-x ⁇ by the HDD1-HDD4 slices induces convolved blocks 601-615 which are shifted in time with respect to each other. Thus, for a convoluted block of a given size, its next is shifted in time.
- a convoluted block 609 of length 2P x M points, P being a positive integer (here P 2), is delayed by a duration corresponding to (2 (P-1) -1 x M) points (here 1) relative to the start of the block.
- the transformed x1-x8 blocks are multiplied by the transformed HDD1-HDD4 slices of coefficients, so that the convoluted blocks 601-615 are aligned by overlap. See for this purpose, for example the overlap of the convoluted blocks 601 and 602 which partially overlap for the duration of the sample x2.
- 611, 610 and 606 overlap for the duration of the x6x7 samples.
- the filter is considered to be a sum of four sub-filters associated with the time-delayed HDD1-HDD4 slices. It is then possible to deduce the overall impulse response of the HDD filter 78 by adding in frequency the various multiplied blocks which overlap then by carrying out the inverse Fourier transform of the sum.
- reconstruction is meant to transpose the blocks multiplied in time, and to recombine them so as to obtain an overall response from the filter. More precisely, during reconstruction, it is not possible to measure an offset between the multiplied blocks which lie in the frequency domain as it can be measured in the time domain. This complexity results in a loss of time in the calculations.
- convoluted blocks are grouped, for example 613 and 614, of length 2P x M points in order to obtain a first block of length 2 (P-1) x M points (621, FIG. 6b) to be added. with another convoluted block of length 2 (P-1) x M points (620 figure 6b). With this grouping, we obtain a second block (623 Figure 6b) of length 2 (P- 1) x M points thanks to which we compensate for an error in time made on the calculation of the first block.
- a direct discrete transform of a given order can be replaced by a direct discrete Fourier transform of a half order.
- one can also replace an inverse discrete Fourier transform of a given order by an inverse discrete Fourier transform of order half in order to carry out the reconstruction of the filter.
- FIG. 6b gives an example of a temporal reconstruction of the output of the filter using the method according to the invention. More precisely, FIG. 6b shows an example of reconstruction for convoluted blocks of length 8M and 4M points. This figure is described in the context of the present invention relating to sound processing but can be the subject of independent protection taking into account that the technical effect of increasing the speed of calculations is thus obtained in all fields.
- the segments of FIG. 6b correspond to signals which lie in the time domain.
- the segments whose ends are rectangles represent signals which are in the frequency domain.
- a first time contribution comes from the convolved block 612 and a second time contribution comes from an overlap of the two convolved blocks 613 and 614 (see also Figure 6a).
- the convolved blocks 613 and 614 are respectively made up of two halves a, b and c, d and overlap by half over the interval TR.
- multiplied blocks 617 to 619 associated respectively with the convolved blocks 612, 613 and 614.
- modulated block 620 of length 8M points The frequency modulation is equivalent to permuting the two halves a and b of the convoluted block 613.
- This modulated block 620 is then added to block 619 with which it overlaps by half in time.
- a combined block 621 of length 8M points is then obtained.
- This block is representative of the time components b + c in its first part and a + d in its second part.
- a second subsampling is carried out in which the odd components of the combined block 621 of size 8M are selected and an odd block 624 of length 4M points is obtained.
- An inverse transform of this odd block 624 is carried out and an inverted odd block 625 is obtained which is in the time domain.
- This inverted odd block 625 contains the signal ((b + c) - (d + a)) W (n), W (n) being a weighting factor represented by a sequence of 4M complex numbers.
- the signal ((b + c) - (d + a)) W (n) corresponds in fact to a signal ((b + c) - (d + a)) multiplied by a complex exponential.
- a block frame comprising repetitions of blocks such as M, M, 2M, 2M, 4M, 4M, 8M, 8M for the example.
- This repetition of blocks makes it possible to better distribute the computational load of the processors so as to have a computation delay all the greater as the Fourier transforms are of high order.
- the coefficients of the HDD filter 78 are not divided into four slices. Indeed, the division of the coefficients of the HDD filter 78 into slices depends on a length of the impulse response of the HDD filter
- HDD 78 can be split into five or six different ranges of coefficients.
- This method of reconstructing the output signal can be implemented in applications other than the processing of an electrical sound signal and can therefore constitute an invention in itself.
- Figure 6c shows according to this variant an embodiment of the HDD filter with a structure on several floors. Filter coefficients
- HDD of the example were cut into five slices of length M, 2M,
- An input signal is cut into blocks of length M points.
- a first step 631 performs a Fourier transformation of a multiplied block 630, of size 2P points, here 32 points.
- a modulation of the multiplied block is carried out by multiplying by -1 the negative components of the multiplied block.
- the result of this modulation is added to an unmodulated multiplied block of size 32 points whose corresponding block over time overlaps with the block corresponding to the result of the multiplication over time. We get a combined block.
- a fourth and a fifth step 634 and 635 which are preferably carried out in parallel, the odd components and the even components of the combined block are isolated and an odd block and an even block are obtained respectively.
- a sixth step 636 an inverse discrete Fourier transformation of the odd block is carried out and the inverted odd block obtained is multiplied by the complex coefficient which is the conjugate of the complex number W (n).
- W complex number
- a seventh step 637 the even block is added with an auxiliary block (617 FIG. 6b) multiplied by length 16 points whose corresponding block in time is aligned with the block corresponding to the even block in time.
- This auxiliary block is produced by a transformation of
- the addition block obtained in the seventh step is removed and processed in a second stage B. More specifically, operations 631-637 are repeated in 639-643 on the addition block of length 16 points.
- step 640 of stage B the same multiplied block of size 16 is added which was added in step 637 of stage A.
- the odd normalized block obtained at the end of step 643 of stage B is also added to the reconstructed signal. A total of five stages is thus produced so as to add in a last step 645 a multiplied block of length 2 points to the last even block obtained.
- steps such as 649, 650 and 651 can be performed at each useful moment of the method in which the blocks of signals corresponding to multiplied blocks are delayed and synchronized during the operations carried out using steps 633 and 645 .
- each stage corresponds to a cell.
- a cell can correspond to an electronic circuit dedicated to particular functions.
- a cell can be produced from logic gates.
- a cell corresponds to a program memory inside which instructions are stored associated with a microprocessor.
- FIG. 7 shows an implementation of the method according to the invention for electrical sound signals coming from a car radio.
- different delays t1-t4 are introduced into frequency bands of the right and left sound electrical signals processed 701 and 702 so as to center and focus an overall sound image obtained.
- an electrical signal of its right 113 and an electrical signal of its left 117 are processed by means of a filter 700 corresponding to that which includes the elements circumscribed inside the discontinuous lines in FIG. 1 as well as the summers 5 and 6.
- a filter 700 corresponding to that which includes the elements circumscribed inside the discontinuous lines in FIG. 1 as well as the summers 5 and 6.
- the high frequency components and the low frequency components are filtered using a high pass filter 703 and a low pass filter 704.
- an electrical signal 705 of its high frequency is obtained.
- an electrical signal 706 of its low frequency is then obtained.
- a first delay t1 is then introduced into the electrical signal 705 of its high frequency using a first delay cell 707.1.
- a second delay t2 is introduced into the electrical signal 706 of its low frequency.
- a delayed high frequency electrical signal 708 is then obtained.
- an electrical signal 709 of its delayed low frequency is obtained.
- the electrical signal 708 of its delayed high frequency and the electrical signal 709 of its delayed low frequency are then summed by means of an adder 710.
- the summed signal 711 obtained from the adder is then broadcast via a first loudspeaker 712.
- This first loudspeaker 712 comprises two sub-loudspeakers 713 and 714 which diffuse distinctly the high frequency sound signals and the low frequency sound signals.
- the filters 703 and 704, the cells 707.1 and 707.2 with delay and the adder 710 are elements of a first processing cell 715.
- a second cell 715 is applied to the electrical signal 702 of its processed left.
- the durations of the delays introduced by this second cell 715 can be identical or different from the durations of the delays t1 and t2 introduced by the first cell 715.
- the filter 700 By combining the processing of the sound by the filter 700 and by introducing delays in the different frequency bands of the sound processed using the cells 715, one gives the sensation to a listener that the sound coming from the car speakers is at both high, centered with respect to the windshield. Sound from speakers also appears to be from a source sound located behind the windshield while this sound is simply broadcast by speakers that are located close to the ground. This feeling of elevation, centering and virtual provenance of a sound source can be obtained by combining the uses of the filter 700 and the cells 715.
- the more the electric sound signals are broadcast by loudspeakers located the closer to a target the longer the delays introduced into these signals.
- the further the electric sound signals are broadcast by loudspeakers located far from a target the shorter the delays introduced into these signals. This target can be the driver or a passenger of the vehicle.
- FIG. 7 gives an exemplary embodiment in which a delay is introduced into a high band of high frequency and a low band of frequency.
- These frequency bands each correspond to a frequency band of one of the sub-speakers that the broadcast speakers 712 and 714 comprise.
- delays can be introduced for any frequency band.
- certain cars equipped with a high-end audiophonic installation include loudspeakers which include three sub-loudspeakers diffusing respectively a high frequency sound signal, a medium frequency sound signal and a low frequency sound signal.
- three filters are used inside the cell 715. In one example, these three filters correspond to a high pass filter, a band pass filter and a low pass filter . This method of introducing a delay in a frequency band of a sound signal can be implemented independently of the filter 700 and can therefore constitute an invention in itself.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2004800075549A CN1762178B (zh) | 2003-03-20 | 2004-03-22 | 用于处理电声音信号的方法 |
| US10/550,230 US7613305B2 (en) | 2003-03-20 | 2004-03-22 | Method for treating an electric sound signal |
| EP04722309A EP1606974A1 (fr) | 2003-03-20 | 2004-03-22 | Procede pour traiter un signal electrique de son |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR03/50057 | 2003-03-20 | ||
| FR0350057A FR2852779B1 (fr) | 2003-03-20 | 2003-03-20 | Procede pour traiter un signal electrique de son |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004086818A1 true WO2004086818A1 (fr) | 2004-10-07 |
Family
ID=32922399
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2004/050120 Ceased WO2004086818A1 (fr) | 2003-03-20 | 2004-03-22 | Procede pour traiter un signal electrique de son |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7613305B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1606974A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1762178B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2852779B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004086818A1 (fr) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8019091B2 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2011-09-13 | Aliphcom, Inc. | Voice activity detector (VAD) -based multiple-microphone acoustic noise suppression |
| US8280072B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2012-10-02 | Aliphcom, Inc. | Microphone array with rear venting |
| US9066186B2 (en) | 2003-01-30 | 2015-06-23 | Aliphcom | Light-based detection for acoustic applications |
| US9099094B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2015-08-04 | Aliphcom | Microphone array with rear venting |
| US8699721B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2014-04-15 | Aliphcom | Calibrating a dual omnidirectional microphone array (DOMA) |
| WO2010054360A1 (fr) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-14 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Réverbération à enveloppement spatial pour la fixation sonore, traitement et simulations de l’acoustique d’une pièce au moyen de séquences codées |
| KR101646540B1 (ko) * | 2008-11-21 | 2016-08-08 | 아우로 테크놀로지스 | 오디오 신호를 변환하는 컨버터 및 방법 |
| EP2192794B1 (fr) * | 2008-11-26 | 2017-10-04 | Oticon A/S | Améliorations dans les algorithmes d'aide auditive |
| FR2946936B1 (fr) * | 2009-06-22 | 2012-11-30 | Inrets Inst Nat De Rech Sur Les Transports Et Leur Securite | Dispositif de detection d'obstacles comportant un systeme de restitution sonore |
| CN103168480B (zh) * | 2010-06-14 | 2016-03-30 | 乌龟海岸公司 | 改善的参量信号处理和发射器系统及相关方法 |
| BR112013001414B1 (pt) * | 2010-07-22 | 2021-04-06 | Koninklijke Philips N. V. | Sistema e método de reprodução de som para produzir um sinal de áudio como procedente de uma primeira direção com relação a uma posição nominal e uma orientação nominal de um ouvinte |
| WO2013106596A1 (fr) | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-18 | Parametric Sound Corporation | Systèmes d'amplification, systèmes de poursuite de porteuse et procédés apparentés à mettre en œuvre dans des systèmes sonores paramétriques |
| WO2013158298A1 (fr) | 2012-04-18 | 2013-10-24 | Parametric Sound Corporation | Procédés associés à des transducteurs paramétriques |
| FR2989858A3 (fr) * | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-25 | Arkamys | Procede de protection thermique d'un haut-parleur et dispositif de protection thermique d'un haut-parleur associe |
| US8934650B1 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2015-01-13 | Turtle Beach Corporation | Low profile parametric transducers and related methods |
| US8903104B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 | 2014-12-02 | Turtle Beach Corporation | Video gaming system with ultrasonic speakers |
| US9332344B2 (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2016-05-03 | Turtle Beach Corporation | Self-bias emitter circuit |
| US8988911B2 (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2015-03-24 | Turtle Beach Corporation | Self-bias emitter circuit |
| US9747367B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2017-08-29 | Stages Llc | Communication system for establishing and providing preferred audio |
| US10609475B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2020-03-31 | Stages Llc | Active noise control and customized audio system |
| US9508335B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2016-11-29 | Stages Pcs, Llc | Active noise control and customized audio system |
| US9654868B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2017-05-16 | Stages Llc | Multi-channel multi-domain source identification and tracking |
| US9668081B1 (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-05-30 | Htc Corporation | Frequency response compensation method, electronic device, and computer readable medium using the same |
| US10945080B2 (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2021-03-09 | Stages Llc | Audio analysis and processing system |
| US9980075B1 (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2018-05-22 | Stages Llc | Audio source spatialization relative to orientation sensor and output |
| US9980042B1 (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2018-05-22 | Stages Llc | Beamformer direction of arrival and orientation analysis system |
| US11776529B2 (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2023-10-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus with speech processing |
| KR20210132855A (ko) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-11-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 음성 처리 방법 및 장치 |
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- 2004-03-22 CN CN2004800075549A patent/CN1762178B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-22 WO PCT/FR2004/050120 patent/WO2004086818A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2004-03-22 US US10/550,230 patent/US7613305B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US5357257A (en) * | 1993-04-05 | 1994-10-18 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and method for equalizing channels in a multi-channel communication system |
| EP0687130A2 (fr) * | 1994-06-08 | 1995-12-13 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Dispositif pour la génération d'un signal comportant des caractéristiques de réverbération |
| FR2738692A1 (fr) * | 1995-09-08 | 1997-03-14 | France Telecom | Procede de filtrage numerique adaptatif dans le domaine frequentiel |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1762178A (zh) | 2006-04-19 |
| FR2852779B1 (fr) | 2008-08-01 |
| FR2852779A1 (fr) | 2004-09-24 |
| US7613305B2 (en) | 2009-11-03 |
| CN1762178B (zh) | 2012-05-09 |
| EP1606974A1 (fr) | 2005-12-21 |
| US20060215841A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
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