WO2004093900A1 - アポトーシス誘導剤及びアポトーシス誘導方法 - Google Patents
アポトーシス誘導剤及びアポトーシス誘導方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004093900A1 WO2004093900A1 PCT/JP2004/004516 JP2004004516W WO2004093900A1 WO 2004093900 A1 WO2004093900 A1 WO 2004093900A1 JP 2004004516 W JP2004004516 W JP 2004004516W WO 2004093900 A1 WO2004093900 A1 WO 2004093900A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apoptosis inducer and an apoptosis induction method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a drug for inducing apoptosis in cells (for example, cancer cells) whose presence is harmful to the host animal, and apoptosis induction and cancer treatment method using this drug.
- apoptosis inducer for example, cancer cells
- apoptosis induction and cancer treatment method using this drug for example, cancer cells
- Apoptosis is cell death that is actively caused by the cell itself under physiological conditions, and is clearly distinguished from cell death (necrosis: necrosis) due to environmental deterioration.
- This apoptosis is characterized by morphological features such as chromosome aggregation of cell nucleus, fragmentation of cell nucleus, disappearance of cell surface microvilli, aggregation of cytoplasm and the like.
- Cells that have undergone apoptosis shrink, and the cell contents are not released to the outside but are rapidly taken up by the surrounding cells, so that inflammation is not caused and the surrounding cells are not affected. Therefore, many attempts have been made to treat diseases by inducing apoptosis in cells whose presence is harmful to the host organism (for example, cancer cells).
- the means and factors that induce apoptosis include, for example, darcocorticoid treatment, cytotoxic T cell damage, hormone-dependent tissue atrophy, irradiation, NK cells, killer cells, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) Lymphotoxin
- c-Myc protein encoded by c-myc gene is not only important for cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle and life activity of cells, but also deeply for tumor cell transformation (transformation). Is involved. Increased expression of c-Myc protein is observed in many cancer tissues, and cell tumorigenesis is observed by c-myc gene transfer. Furthermore, this c-Myc protein is also associated with apoptosis, and apoptosis is induced regardless of whether the intracellular expression level of c-Myc protein increases or decreases (Thompson, E. B. Ann. Rev.
- Apoptosis is induced when c-myc antisense oligonucleotide is introduced into several types of cells (Thompson, EB, Ann. Rev. Physiol. 60: 575-600, 1998).
- IL-3 dependent bone marrow cells induce apoptosis when IL-3 is depleted and the C-myc gene is forcibly expressed (Ask, DS et al., Oncogene 6: 1915-1922, 1991)
- Apoptosis is also induced when c-myc gene is forcibly expressed in Rati fibroblasts in serum-free medium (Evan, GI et al., Cell 69: 119-128, 1992) ⁇
- This c-Myc protein is produced by transcription of the c_myc gene, and the c-myc gene is strictly regulated by many transcription factors, but there is an unclear point about how it is regulated by transcription.
- the APC adenomatous polyposis coli
- APC protein inhibits its action by binding to / 3 catenin, which is stabilized by the Wnt / Wingless signaling pathway.
- j3catenin activates transcription of c-myc gene by binding to transcription factor Tci / Lei. Therefore, if an abnormality occurs in the APC gene, the activity of / 3 catenin cannot be suppressed, and the c-myc gene is activated continuously, causing cell proliferation.
- c-Myc protein expression is influenced by many transcription factors in addition to the Wnt / Wingless signaling pathway.
- human promyelocytic leukemia cell HL60 is ⁇ S0
- the FBP protein itself has a strong transcriptional activity and has been shown to regulate the c-myc gene (Bazar, L. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 270 : 8241-8248, 1995; Duncan, R. et al., Genes Dev., 8: 465-480, 1994; Mic elotti, GA et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 2656-2669, 1996). Furthermore, FIR (FBP Interacting Repressor) was identified as a protein that binds (interacts with) this FBP protein (Liu, J. et al., Mol. Cell, 5: 331-341, 2000).
- c-Myc protein is deeply involved in canceration and apoptosis of cells, and is expected to kill cancer cells by controlling its expression.
- C-Myc protein induces apoptosis regardless of whether its expression level increases or decreases, and thus it is not easy to induce apoptosis by controlling its expression.
- a method using the antisense strand of darcocorticoid C-myc gene has been proposed as a means of inducing apolysis by suppressing the expression of c-Myc protein (Thompson, EB, Ann. Rev. Physiol). 60: 575-600, 1998; Thulasi, R., et al., J. Biol. Chem.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a new means for stably and reliably inducing cell apoptosis by targeting the C-myc gene.
- FUSE binding protein which binds to the transcription factor FUSE (Far Upstream Element) upstream of the c-myc gene
- FIR FBP Intracing Repressor
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- An apoptosis inducer containing a protein that interacts with FBP protein as an active ingredient (1) An apoptosis inducer containing a protein that interacts with FBP protein as an active ingredient.
- a protein comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the Sequence Listing;
- a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing and having apoptosis-inducing activity; or a partial peptide thereof (1) The apoptosis-inducing agent described in).
- An apoptosis inducer containing, as an active ingredient, a polynucleotide encoding a protein that interacts with the FBP protein.
- polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing, wherein the polynucleotide encoding a protein that interacts with the FBP protein;
- the apoptosis-inducing agent according to (3) which is a nucleotide; or a partial fragment thereof.
- the apoptosis-inducing agent according to (5), wherein the form that can be introduced into cells is a vector.
- a method for inducing apoptosis in a cell proliferating by c-niyc gene expression comprising a step of contacting the cell with the apoptosis-inducing agent according to any one of (1) to (7). To induce apoptosis.
- a protein comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing; one or several amino acids deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing
- a method for treating cancer comprising administering an effective amount of a protein comprising the above-described amino acid sequence and having apoptosis-inducing activity; or a partial peptide thereof.
- a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing; a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing; and a string
- a method for treating cancer comprising administering an effective amount of a polynucleotide that hybridizes under mild conditions and encodes a protein having apoptosis-inducing activity; or a fragment thereof.
- protein that interacts with FBP protein means a protein that binds to FBP protein and suppresses the function of FBP protein (ie, transcriptional activity of C-myc gene). To do.
- the “form in which the polynucleotide can be introduced into the cell” means a form in which the polynucleotide is introduced into the cell and the protein or peptide encoded by the polynucleotide can be expressed.
- Protein and “peptide” mean a molecule composed of a plurality of amino acid residues linked to each other by amide bonds (peptide bonds).
- Polynucleotide refers to a nucleoside phosphate ester (ATP, GTP, CTP, ⁇ ; or dATP, dGTP ⁇ dCTP, dTTP) in which purine or pyrimidine is linked to the sugar by / 3-N-daricoside linkage.
- oligonucleotide is 2-99 linked. Divided.
- Fig. 1 shows the results of CAT assay for examining whether FIR protein has the ability to suppress c-myc transcription.
- FIG. 2 shows fluorescence micrographs of HeLa cells transfected with the full-length FIR gene (HA-FIR) or its deletion mutant (HA-FIRAN77) visualized by immunohistochemical staining of c_Myc protein. is there.
- FIG. 3 shows flow cytometry analysis (two-color FACScan analysis) of C-Myc protein for HeLa cells into which full-length FIR gene (HA-FIR) or its deletion mutant (HA-FIRAN77) has been introduced. Shows the results of quantification of expression
- Fig. 4 is a fluorescence micrograph showing the induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells into which the full-length FIR gene (HA-FIR) or its deletion mutant (HA-FIRAN77) was introduced.
- Fig. 5 shows that apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis (two-color FACScan analysis) of HeLa cells into which full-length FIR gene (HA-FIR) or its deletion mutant (HA-FIRAN77) was introduced. Show the quantified result
- FIG. 6 is a fluorescence micrograph showing the expression of FIR protein and c-Myc protein visualized by immunohistochemical staining of HeLa cells into which only the FIR gene and both the FIR gene and the c-myc gene were introduced.
- Figure 7 is a fluorescence micrograph of apoptosis induction in HeLa cells into which only the FIR gene and both the FIR gene and the c-myc gene were introduced.
- FIG. 8A shows the results of immunoblotting analysis of FIR protein levels in large intestine tumor tissue (T) and non-tumor tissue (N).
- Figure 8B shows the results of ⁇ -PCR performed on the total RNA of tumor tissue (T) and non-tumor tissue (N) of the large intestine.
- FIG. 8C shows a histogram of FIR mRNA expression levels in colon tumor tissue (T) and non-tumor tissue (N) detected by real-time quantitative PCR.
- Figure 8D shows the correlation between the expression ratio of FIR and C-myc mRNA in the tumor tissue (T) / non-tumor tissue (N) in the large intestine.
- Figure 9 shows the expression of c-Myc protein in HeLa cells into which full-length FIR gene (FIR wild type) and FIR mutants derived from colon cancer tissues (118T-FIR mutant, 28T-FIR mutant) were introduced. Is a fluorescence micrograph visualized by immunohistochemical staining.
- Figure 10 shows the fluorescence of the apoptotic induction of HeLa cells into which full-length FIR gene (FIR wild type) and FIR mutants derived from colon cancer tissues (118T-FIR mutant, 28T-FIR mutant) were introduced. It is a micrograph.
- Figure 11 shows a graph of the survival rate of cervical cancer (HeLa) and esophageal cancer (T. Tn) cells measured by MTT assay.
- Figure 12 shows immunoblotting of FIR protein expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm in colon cancer (SW480, DLD1), cervical cancer (HeLa), and esophageal cancer (T. Tn) cell lines after infection with FIR adenovirus vector. Shows the result of analysis.
- SW480, DLD1 colon cancer
- HeLa cervical cancer
- T. Tn esophageal cancer
- the apoptosis-inducing agent of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, a protein encoding a protein that interacts with FBP protein or a protein that interacts with FBP protein. It is characterized by containing renucleotide in a form that can be introduced into cells.
- proteins that interact with the above FBP protein include human FIR protein (Liu, J. et al., Mol. Cel l, 5: 331-341, 2 000; Liu, J. et al. al., Cell, 104: 353-363, 2001; GenBank / NM_14281), human SIA HBPl (siah bind ing prote in 1: GenBank / BC008875), human SIAHBP 1 transcriptional variant 1 (GenBank / NM— 078480) ), Human SIAHBP 1 transcription variant 2 (GenBank / NM_01 4281) and the like.
- human FIR protein having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is particularly preferable.
- the human FIR protein used in the present invention consists of an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids have been deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and has an apoptosis-inducing activity. Protein is also included.
- the number of amino acids that may be deleted, substituted or added is preferably 1 to several.
- 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5 amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 may be deleted, and 1 to 10 amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, preferably 1 to Five amino acids may be added, or 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5 amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 may be substituted with other amino acids.
- Deletion, addition and substitution of amino acids can be performed by modifying a gene encoding the above protein by a technique known in the art.
- Mutation can be introduced into a gene by a known method such as the Kunkel method or the Gapped duplex method or a method equivalent thereto, for example, a mutation introduction kit using site-directed mutagenesis (for example, Mutant-K (TAKARA) or Mutant-G (TAKARA)), or the TAKARA LA PCR in vitro Mutagenes is series kit is used to introduce mutations.
- TAKARA Mutant-K
- TAKARA Mutant-G
- TAKARA LA PCR in vitro Mutagenes is series kit is used to introduce mutations.
- apoptosis-inducing activity refers to the activity of contracting cells and fragmenting the nucleus. For example, this activity introduces genes into HeLa cells and overexpresses them, resulting in changes in the morphology of the cells. This can be confirmed by observation and FACS analysis.
- “having apoptosis-inducing activity” means substantially equivalent to the activity retained by the protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
- Peptides containing partial amino acid sequences in the above proteins are also included in the scope of the present invention.
- the number of amino acids constituting such a partial peptide is at least 10 or more, preferably 30 or more, more preferably 80 or more.
- the above protein or a partial peptide thereof can be provided in the form of a salt, preferably in the form of a physiologically acceptable acid addition salt, if necessary.
- Such salts include salts of inorganic acids (eg hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid), organic acids (eg acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid). , Succinic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid) and the like.
- inorganic acids eg hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid
- organic acids eg acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid.
- Succinic acid malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid
- the above protein can be chemically synthesized based on a known amino acid sequence (for example, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 in the case of FIR protein), in vitro transcription from an expression vector, or transformed cells by an expression vector. It can be obtained by a method such as isolation and purification as an expression product.
- an expression vector having a polymerase promoter may be added to an in vitro translation system such as a rabbit reticulocyte lysate or wheat germ extract containing an RNA polymerase corresponding to the promoter.
- the protein can be produced in vitro.
- RNA polymerase promoters include T7, T3, and SP6.
- RNA polymerase promoters examples include pKAl, pCDM8, pT3 / T718, pT7 / 319, and pBluescript II.
- a protein when expressed in a microorganism such as E. coli, the protein is encoded in an expression vector having an origin, promoter, ribosome binding site, DNA cloning site, and night and night that can be replicated in the microorganism. Recombine DNA fragments to create an expression vector.
- transformant cells that express the protein can be obtained, and by culturing this transformant, the target protein can be mass-produced from the culture. . Examples of expression vectors for E.
- coli include PUC, pBluescript II, pET expression system, and pGEX expression system. Furthermore, when a protein is expressed in a eukaryotic cell, the DNA fragment encoding the protein is inserted into an expression vector for a eukaryotic cell having a promoter, a splicing region, a poly (A) addition site, etc. Vector Make one. When this vector is introduced into a eukaryotic cell, a transformed eukaryotic cell expressing the target protein can be obtained. Examples of expression vectors include pKAl, pCDM8, pSVK3, pMSG, pSVL, pBK-CMV, pBK-RSV, EBV vector, pRS, and pYES2.
- mammalian cultured cells such as human fetal kidney cells HEK293, monkey kidney cells C0S7, Chinese hamster ovary cells CH0, or primary cultured cells isolated from rabbit organs can be used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fission yeast, silkworm cells, and Xenopus egg cells can also be used.
- known methods such as electroporation, calcium phosphate method, ribosome method, DEAE dextran method and the like can be used.
- known separation operations can be combined.
- treatment with denaturing agents and surfactants such as urea, sonication, enzyme digestion, salting out solvent precipitation method, dialysis, centrifugation, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing,
- denaturing agents and surfactants such as urea, sonication, enzyme digestion, salting out solvent precipitation method, dialysis, centrifugation, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing
- examples include ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, affinity mouth chromatography, and reverse phase chromatography.
- the partial peptide can be produced by a known peptide synthesis method or by cleaving the above protein with an appropriate peptidase (eg, trypsin, chymotrypsin, arginyl endopeptidase).
- an appropriate peptidase eg, trypsin, chymotrypsin, arginyl endopeptidase.
- a peptide synthesis method for example, either a solid phase synthesis method or a liquid phase synthesis method may be used.
- the polynucleotide used for the apoptosis-inducing agent of the present invention is preferably a polynucleotide encoding the human FIR protein having the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- a polynucleotide encoding a human FIR protein used in the present invention or hybridized under stringent conditions with a polynucleotide consisting of a base sequence complementary to the polynucleotide consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and inducing apoptosis
- a polynucleotide encoding a protein having activity is included.
- One example is a condition in which a complementary strand of DNA consisting of a base sequence is hybridized and a complementary strand of a nucleic acid having a lower homology is not hybridized. More specifically, it refers to a condition in which the sodium concentration is 150 to 900 mM, preferably 600 to 900 mM, and the temperature is 60 to 68 ° C, preferably 65 ° C.
- Genomic RNA encoding each of the above proteins, III RNA which is a transcription product of genomic DNA, cDNA synthesized using this mMA as a cage, and the like can be used, and cDNA is particularly preferable.
- This cDNA can be obtained by a known method using the aforementioned known sequence.
- a cDNA library is synthesized using a known method (Mol. Cell Biol. 2, 161-170, 1982; J. Gene 25, 263-269, 1983; Gene, 150, 243-250, 1994).
- the target cDNA can be isolated using the probe DNA prepared based on the base sequence of the aforementioned known sequence (for example, SEQ ID NO: 1 encoding FIR protein).
- the obtained cDNA can be obtained, for example, by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method, NASBN (Nucleic acid sequence based amplification) method, TMA
- Amplification can be performed by a commonly performed gene amplification method such as (Transcription-mediated amplification) method or SDA (Strand Displacement Amplification) method.
- a necessary amount of each cDNA can also be obtained by RT-PCR method using a primer set prepared based on a known sequence and using mRNA isolated from human cells as a saddle type.
- Primer sets are commercially available software for primer design, such as OligoTM
- Proteins can be made into a form that can be introduced into cells, for example, by changing the structure and function of the protein and mixing it with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier solution to prepare a protein.
- Such a drug can be introduced into cells by, for example, microinjection for invitro cells.
- lipid intracellular introduction methods BioPORTE (Gene Therapy Systems, USA), Chariot (Active Motif, USA), etc.
- the protein (polypeptide) can be introduced into the cell by using a fusion polypeptide in which a peptide passing through the cell membrane is linked to the N-terminal side of the protein (polypeptide). By providing this cell membrane-passing peptide, the protein passes through the cell membrane and is taken into the cell.
- HIV-1 ⁇ TAT PTD protein transduction ion domain
- Drosophila homeobox protein antenna PTD can be used as the cell membrane transit peptide.
- the amino acid sequence and the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA are known (Science, 285: 1569-1572, 1999; GenBank Accession NO. U39362 M96155) and correspond to the PTD.
- a fusion DNA fragment is created by ligating the A fragment encoding the region (amino acid sequence 47 to 57 of HIV ⁇ TAT) with d) NA described above, and expressing this fusion DNA fragment in a host cell such as E. coli.
- a fusion polypeptide can be prepared by linking a PTD peptide to the N-terminal side.
- PTDs of antenna pedia are also known (for example, GenBank Accession No.
- a fusion polypeptide in which PTDs are linked can be similarly prepared.
- a fusion polypeptide in which a cell membrane-passing peptide is linked by a method of binding a polypeptide and a PTD peptide via a divalent cross-linking agent for example, EDC, i3-alanine, etc.
- a divalent cross-linking agent for example, EDC, i3-alanine, etc.
- the polynucleotide can be made into a form that can be introduced into a cell, for example, by incorporating it into an expression vector.
- an expression vector a known eukaryotic expression vector having a promoter, a splicing region, a poly (A) addition site, etc. can be used, and the aforementioned polypeptide is encoded at the cloning site of this expression vector.
- a polypeptide expression vector can be constructed by inserting a polynucleotide.
- This expression vector can be introduced into cells by known methods such as electroporation, calcium phosphate method, ribosome method and DEAE dextran method for in vitro cells (cultured cells).
- in vivo cells ie, cells within an animal individual
- viral or non-viral genes for the purpose of promoting uptake into cells and increasing directivity to target cells. It can be introduced into cells by means such as vectors
- the drug in such a form can be introduced into a living body for gene therapy (for example, JP 2003-24092 A, JP 2003-501445 A, etc.).
- viral vectors include adenovirus vectors, retrovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors, AAV (adeno-associated virus) vectors, vaccinia virus vectors, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vectors, herpes virus vectors, etc. Is mentioned.
- non-viral vectors examples include high-molecular compounds such as ribosomes, artificial lipid vesicles, hollow nanoparticles, and dendrimers.
- introduction reagents lipofectin, ribofectamine, MRIE-C (manufactured by Invitrogen), Metafectene, DOTAP (manufactured by BioTex), T fx reagent (manufactured by Promega) and the like can be used.
- Apoptosis is a physiological cell death that is indispensable for normal development and differentiation, and occurs in individual cells during cell rotation of normal living tissues. Therefore, it has been found that excessive reduction in apoptosis can cause many functional problems. Therefore, the apoptosis inducer of the present invention can be used as a therapeutic and / or prophylactic agent for diseases caused by a decrease in apoptosis.
- Typical diseases caused by a decrease in apoptosis include malignant tumors (stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, skin cancer, uterine cancer, brain tumor Leukemia, autoimmune diseases (eg type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis), viral infections (eg HIV infection), But not limited to hepatitis.
- the apoptosis-inducing agent of the present invention can be prepared in various pharmaceutical forms and administered systemically or locally orally or parenterally.
- this drug When this drug is administered orally, it can be formulated into tablets, capsules, granules, powders, pills, water for internal use, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, etc., or redissolved when used. It may be a product.
- this drug when administered parenterally, it is formulated into intravenous injections (including infusion), intramuscular injections, intraperitoneal injections, subdermal injections, suppositories, etc. Provided in unit-dose ampoules or multi-dose containers.
- compositions include excipients, extenders, binders, wetting agents, disintegrants, lubricants, surfactants, dispersants, buffers, preservatives, solubilizers, preservatives,
- a flavoring agent, a soothing agent, a stabilizer, a tonicity agent and the like can be appropriately selected and produced by a conventional method.
- the dosage of the apoptosis-inducing agent of the present invention varies depending on the age of administration subject, administration route, number of administrations, symptoms, dosage form, etc., but the therapeutically effective amount of protein or polypeptide
- an effective amount is in the range of about 0.001 to 30 mg / kg body weight, preferably about 0.01 to 25 nig / kg body weight, more preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg / kg body weight, even more preferably about 1 -10 mg / kg, 2-9 mg / kg, 3-8 mg / kg, 4-7 mg / kg or 5-6 mg / kg body weight,
- a polynucleotide encoding a protein is introduced by a method such as gene therapy, a polynucleotide capable of expressing the protein in the above range may be administered.
- the apoptosis-inducing method of the present invention is characterized in that the apoptosis-inducing agent is brought into contact with a cell proliferating by C-niyc gene expression.
- the method of the present invention can actually be applied to induce apoptosis of all animal cells. It is preferable to target cells that have become cancerous due to overexpression of the ciyc gene.
- the method of the present invention can target in vitro cells (cultured cells), and can also target in vivo cells (cells in an animal body).
- protein expression vectors can be introduced into cells by known methods such as electroporation, calcium phosphate method, ribosome method, DEAE dextran method, and proteins. It can be carried out by a method of microinjecting its own solution, a method of introducing it into cells via lipids, or a method of bringing PTD peptide fusion protein into contact with cultured cells.
- a method of introducing a polynucleotide into a body cell by a method according to gene therapy a method of microinjecting the lysate of the protein itself into the body cell, or via lipids.
- a method of microinjecting the lysate of the protein itself into the body cell or via lipids.
- In vivo cells can be cells in all animals, but apoptosis induction for the purpose of cancer treatment of useful animals (domestic animals, pets, etc.) is particularly preferable. Further, apoptosis induction for the purpose of treating cancer of baboon is more preferable.
- the cancer treatment method of the present invention is characterized in that the apoptosis-inducing agent is administered to a mammal having cancer in a therapeutically effective amount.
- “Therapeutically effective amount of cancer” refers to an amount of administration of this drug to proliferating cancer cells that causes the growth of cancer cells to be stopped, the size of the tumor to be reduced, or disappearance.
- the specific dose should be adjusted according to the route of administration, the age and weight of the patient, the type and grade of cancer, the presence or absence of metastasis or recurrence, etc.
- Examples of gene therapy include an in vitro method (ex vivo method) in which target cells are removed from the body and introduced into the body, and an in vivo method (in vivo method) in which the gene is introduced into the body.
- the apoptosis inducer of the present invention Applies to any form of treatment.
- the patient-derived cells are cultured outside the body, and after the introduction of the polynucleotide described above, it can be administered to the patient.
- the above-described polynucleotide introduction vector is directly applied to the patient's body (organ tissue, skin). , Muscle, etc.).
- Such cancer treatment may also be used in combination with well-known cancer treatment means including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
- FIR lacking full-length FIR cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 2) and N-terminal amino acid sequence (amino acid sequence from position 1 to position 77 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2), the transcription active site of FIR Mutants were cloned into PCGNM2 vector plasmids (Liu, J. et al., Cell, 104: 353-363, 2001), and the respective expression plasmids (HA-FIR and HA-FIRANTT) were prepared.
- Tissues were surgically removed from 15 patients with primary colorectal cancer who had written consent prior to surgery.
- Excised samples were collected within 1 hour after surgical excision from tumor epithelial tissue and non-tumor epithelial tissue 5-10 cm away from the tumor. Two pathologists confirmed by microscopic observation that all tissue samples were adenocarcinoma. All excised samples were immediately placed in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 ° C until analysis.
- Plasmid is HA-FIR prepared in Example 1 or
- HA- or HA-FIRA N77 and c-myc promoter are chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. It was introduced together with a reporter plasmid having upstream of the (CAT) gene. 48 hours after gene transfer, the expression of CAT was examined as described in the literature (Tomonaga, T. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 270: 4875-4881, 1995).
- Figure 1 shows the results of the CAT assembly. FIR significantly suppressed CAT expression. However, the mutant FIR from which the amino terminal was deleted showed less attenuation of CAT expression than the normal FIR (Fig. 1).
- HeLa cells were cultured on a cover glass and transfected with plasmids (M-FIR and HA FIRAN) using Lipofec tamine Plus reagent s (Gibco BRU). , ei al., Embo J, 19: 1034-1044, 2000).
- the cells on the bar glass were fixed with 4% -paraformaldehyde, washed with PBS, and reacted with the primary antibody for 1 hour at room temperature.
- Mouse anti-HA monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz
- Cells were subjected to two-color FACScan analysis (He, L., et al., Embo J, 19: 1034-1044, 2000) to quantify the suppression of C-Myc expression by FIR. That is, 22 hours after transfection, the cells were trypsinized, washed with PBS, fixed with ethanol at 20 ° C for at least 2 hours, washed twice with cold PBS, mouse anti-HA antibody and Heron anti-c-Myc antibody was reacted as the primary antibody. After washing with PBS, the secondary antibody [FITC-conjugated-anti-rabbit IgG (Sigma) and R-PE-conjugated-anti-mouse IgG (PharMingen) diluted 200-fold each] was reacted. .
- Fig. 2 shows the results of transfecting HA-FIR and HA-FIRAN77 into HeLa cells and visualizing the expression of endogenous c-Myc by immunohistochemical staining.
- Fig. 3 shows the results of quantitative analysis of endogenous c_Myc expression by flow cytometry analysis (two-color FACScan analysis) after transfecting HA-FIR and HA-FIRAN77 into HeLa cells.
- HA-FIR suppresses c-Myc expression (Fig. 3, upper panel, left panel), but HA-FIR ⁇ N77 has no such effect ( Figure 3, upper panel, middle panel), but HA vector alone does not. Not suppressed (Fig. 3, upper panel, right panel).
- C-Myc levels are markedly bimodal in the gate region (Fig. 3, upper panel, left panel), and c-Myc levels are rapidly increased in HA-FIR transfected cells. Decreased. In HA-FIRAN77 or HA-tag transfected cells, c-Myc expression levels could not be uniformly differentiated between transfected and non-transfected cells (Fig. 3, upper middle and right panels).
- the lower panel shows the c-Myc source in the gate area marked on the upper panel.
- the current histogram is shown.
- the c-Myc average value (Geo-mean) in the gate area is 19.4 (8. 0) for HA-FIIU, 22.6 (9. 6) for HA-FIRAN77, HA empty It was 35.5 (30. 0) for Beck Yuichi.
- FIR suppresses endogenous c-myc expression
- whether full FIR expression can induce apoptosis was investigated using full-length FIR and a mutant FIR lacking the 76 amino acid sequence on the N-terminal side.
- HA-FIR or HA-FIRAN77 and empty vector plasmid were transfected into HeLa cells in 6-well plates, and apoptosis induction was examined 60 hours later. Apoptotic cells were detected by the TUNEL method (Apoptos is Detection System, Fluorescein. Promega, WI, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. That is, HeLa cells cultured on force burglar were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes on ice. After washing with PBS, the cells were dialyzed against 0.5% Triton-X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes.
- TdT terminal deoxytransferase
- FITC labeling-dUTP MEBSTAIN Apop tos is Kit: Medical & Biological Laboratories, JAPAN
- HeLa cells were treated with 1 unit / nil DNase I (GenHunter Corporation, Arlington, TN) and used as a positive control.
- the sample was stained with DNA tt DAP IIII Counterstain (Vys is ( Abbot Park, IL)) and observed with a fluorescence microscope (Leica QFISH; Leica Microsystems, Tokyo, Japan).
- PI propidium iodide
- FITC-positive cells were analyzed with FITC as FL1 intensity and PI as FL2 intensity. PI-positive cells are shown on the X-axis, and FITC-positive cells (apoptosis-positive cells) are shown on the Y-axis.
- HA-FIR induced apoptosis with DNA fragmentation
- Fig. 4 upper panel, left panel, arrow
- HA-FIRA N77 or control vector (HA empty vector) Fig. 4, upper panel, middle panel and right panel.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of quantifying apo! ⁇ Cis cells by two-color analysis.
- the apoptotic cells found in the upper-gate region in each panel are shown in the figure.
- the percentage of apoptotic cells per 10,000 cells was 16.5% for HA-FIR, 6.6% for HA-FIRAN77, 2.0% for HA empty vector, and 75% for ⁇ asel-treated cells (positive control). It was 6%.
- the number of apoptotic cells was 21.1% for FIR-alone apoptotic cells, compared to 4.2% when cotransfected with the C-myc expression plasmid. The width decreased ( Figure 7).
- Table 1 shows the results of examining the number of apoptotic cells when co-transfecting the c-myc plasmid with the FIR plasmid at various ratios. These results indicate that FIR induces apoptosis due to c-Myc suppression.
- pcDNA3.1-FIR 600 600 600 600 600 600 0 pcDNA3.
- l-c-myc 0 0 10 20 50 60 60 pc ⁇ A3.1 vector (ng) 0 60 50 40 10 0 0
- Total protein lysates were prepared from the above paired samples as follows. Lyse frozen tissue samples using Polytron homogenizer (Kinematica, Switzerland) Buffer [7M urea, 2M thiourea, 2% 3- [3- ChoIamidopropy dimethyla thigh on io-31-propanesulfate (CHAPS), 0.1M dithiothreitol (DTT), 2% IPG buffer (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Buckinghamshire, UK), M Tris] and centrifuged at 4 for 1 hour (100, 0OOX g) 0 Protein content of supernatant was measured by Protein Atsey (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA).
- Buffer 7M urea, 2M thiourea, 2% 3- [3- ChoIamidopropy dimethyla thigh on io-31-propanesulfate (CHAPS), 0.1M dithiothreitol (DTT), 2% IPG buffer
- Proteins were electrophoresed on 8% acrylamide gels and transferred to poly (vinylidene fluoride) membranes (Millpore, Bedford, MA) in tank transfer appraius (Bio-ad, Hercules, CA). The membrane was blocked with 5% skim milk 'PBS solution for 1 hour.
- Usagi anti-FIR polyclonal antibody diluted 1000x and 500x respectively in blocking buffer (2 synthetic peptides to increase antibody production: GDK KPPQGTDSI ME (30-45) and EVYDQE FDNSDLSA (5
- RNA and genomic DNA were extracted from tumor and non-tumor epithelial tissues using the RNeasy TM Mini Kit and DN easy TM Tissues Kit (Qiagen).
- cDNA was synthesized from total RNA using the 1st strand cDNA Synthesis Kit for RT-PCR (Roche, Mannheim, Germany).
- RT-PCR using this cDNA as a saddle and FIR cDNA as a primer (forward: 5 '-GGCCCCAT CAAGAGCATC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 3), reverse: 5 '-GGGGCTGGGCCAGGGTCAG-3') (SEQ ID NO: 4) Amplified.
- GAPDH cDNA was amplified.
- Light Cycler TM instrument (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) to perform real-time quantitative PC analysis of FIR cDNA in a master mixture [LightCycler TM -FastStart DNA Master SYB Green I; FastStart Taa DNA polymerase, dNTP mixture, buffer ⁇ (LightCycler TM DNA Master hybridization probes, Roche), 3. OmM MgCl 2 , 0.5 liU each sense and antisense primer, and 1 cDNA cage type in a LightCycler TM capillary].
- Light Cycle ⁇ software version 3.3 (Roche) was used for quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Optimal optimization of primers and LightCycler TM conditions was performed at Nihon Gene Research Laboratories, Inc.
- FIR genomic DNA was also quantified by real-time quantitative PCR using the following primers.
- Fig. 8A shows the immunoblotting results.
- the intensity of each band was measured by NIH Image, and the relative average value for 3-actin between (T) and (N) of the FIR protein level was measured (bottom of the figure).
- the Dukes stage is added at the top of Figure 8.
- FIR levels were increased in most colon cancer tissues compared to the corresponding non-tumor epithelium ( Figure 8A).
- Fig. 8B shows the results of RT-PCR performed on whole pan A prepared from the paired samples (T) and (N).
- the FIR mRNA in (T) was higher than that in (N) except in one case (case number 5).
- GAPDH mRNA levels were also shown as an internal control.
- FIG. 8C A histogram of FIR mRNA expression levels (T) and (N) detected by real-time quantitative PCR is shown in Figure 8C.
- the FIR mRNA in (T) was significantly higher than the (N) FIR mRNA (rho 0.0056 for t-test; p ⁇ 0.ri 008 for Wilcoxon test).
- FIR and c-niycmRNA ( ⁇ ) / ⁇ ) expression ratios were significantly correlated in each colon cancer tissue (Fig. 8D).
- the correlation coefficient is 0.70 and the p value is 0.00019.
- the amino terminal region of F was amplified by PCR using the following primers. Forward: 5'-AGACAGCGGAAGGAGCAAGAGTGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1 3)
- FIR-wild type, 118T-FIR mutant, and 28T-FIR mutant were stained in red (Fig. 9, upper panel).
- the FIR-wild type, 118T-FIR mutant was expressed in all cells, whereas the 28T-FIR mutant was localized only in the nucleus.
- c-Myc was stained in green (Fig. 9, middle panel) and DNA was counterstained with DAPI I I I (Fig. 9, lower panel). Both 118T-FIR mutant and 28T-FIR mutant had reduced c-Myc inhibitory activity compared to FIR-wild type.
- FIR adenovirus vector (1. Ol x i0 1D i iu / ml) and infect cervical cancer (HeLa) and esophageal cancer (T. Tn) cell lines. Quantified. As a control, the galactosidase gene was expressed and compared with the FIR adenovirus vector.
- the FIR adenoviral vector M0I which reduces the number of cells to 50%, was measured to be 191.4 (532.8) for HeLa cells and 615.1 (1410.6) for T. Tn cells (in parentheses). Is the 3-galactosidase gene M0I).
- Figure 11 shows a graph of the survival rate of HeLa cells and T. Tn cells measured by MTT assay. The anti-tumor effect of the FIR adenovirus vector was confirmed in these cancer cells that highly express c-Myc.
- colon cancer SW480, DLD1
- cervical cancer after FIR adenovirus vector infection SW480, DLD1
- Fig. 12 shows the results of immunoblotting analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic FIR proteins in (HeLa) and esophageal cancer (T. Tn) cancer cell lines.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US10/554,026 US20060199946A1 (en) | 2003-04-21 | 2004-03-30 | Apoptosis inducing agent and method for inducing apoptosis |
| EP04724383A EP1629848A4 (en) | 2003-04-21 | 2004-03-30 | APOPTOSIS-RELATED AGENT AND METHOD FOR TRIGGING APOPTOSIS |
| JP2005505703A JP4462560B2 (ja) | 2003-04-21 | 2004-03-30 | アポトーシス誘導剤及びアポトーシス誘導方法 |
| US12/010,533 US7897562B2 (en) | 2003-04-21 | 2008-01-25 | Apoptosis-inducing agent and method for inducing apoptosis |
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| US8361490B2 (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2013-01-29 | Theracoat Ltd. | Biocompatible drug delivery apparatus and methods |
| WO2019138944A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-09 | 2019-07-18 | 学校法人藤田学園 | 細胞殺傷剤 |
| CN114392345B (zh) * | 2021-03-11 | 2023-08-25 | 中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所(中国动物卫生与流行病学中心哈尔滨分中心) | E199l蛋白在促进细胞凋亡中的用途及方法 |
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| WO2004017061A1 (en) * | 2002-08-17 | 2004-02-26 | Paraytec Ltd | Optical assembly and method for detection of light transmission |
| WO2004018679A1 (ja) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-03-04 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | 癌診断のための方法およびキット |
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| US7723496B2 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2010-05-25 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Preventives/remedies for cancer |
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| WO2004017061A1 (en) * | 2002-08-17 | 2004-02-26 | Paraytec Ltd | Optical assembly and method for detection of light transmission |
| WO2004018679A1 (ja) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-03-04 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | 癌診断のための方法およびキット |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| HE L. ET AL.: "Loss of FBP function arrests cellular proliferation and extinguishes c-myc expression", EMBO J., vol. 19, no. 5, 1 March 2000 (2000-03-01), pages 1034 - 1044, XP002975839 * |
| LIU J. ET AL.: "Defective interplay of activators and repressors with TFIH in xeroderma pigmentosum", CELL., vol. 104, no. 3, 9 February 2001 (2001-02-09), pages 353 - 363, XP002971813 * |
| LIU J. ET AL.: "The FBP interacting repressor targets TFIIH to inhibit activated transcription", MOL. CELL., vol. 5, no. 2, February 2000 (2000-02-01), pages 331 - 341, XP002986855 * |
| MATSUSHITA K. ET AL.: "c-myc idenshi tensha yokusei inshi ni yoru apoptosis yudo mechanism ni tsuite", THE JAPANESE CANCER ASOCIATION SOKAI KIJI, vol. 62, 25 August 2003 (2003-08-25), pages 126, XP002986856 * |
| See also references of EP1629848A4 * |
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| JP2019514381A (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2019-06-06 | 中国医学科学院血液病医院(血液学研究所) | リプログラミング効果を用いて白血病を治療する方法 |
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| US20060199946A1 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
| JP4462560B2 (ja) | 2010-05-12 |
| EP1629848A4 (en) | 2009-07-15 |
| EP1629848A1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
| KR20060014379A (ko) | 2006-02-15 |
| CN1809375A (zh) | 2006-07-26 |
| KR100784187B1 (ko) | 2007-12-10 |
| US20080227705A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
| JPWO2004093900A1 (ja) | 2006-07-13 |
| US7897562B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 |
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