WO2004099727A1 - 変位検出装置 - Google Patents
変位検出装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004099727A1 WO2004099727A1 PCT/JP2004/005830 JP2004005830W WO2004099727A1 WO 2004099727 A1 WO2004099727 A1 WO 2004099727A1 JP 2004005830 W JP2004005830 W JP 2004005830W WO 2004099727 A1 WO2004099727 A1 WO 2004099727A1
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- coil
- core
- voltage
- circuit
- temperature coefficient
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
- G01D3/028—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure
- G01D3/036—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure on measuring arrangements themselves
- G01D3/0365—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure on measuring arrangements themselves the undesired influence being measured using a separate sensor, which produces an influence related signal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D11/00—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
- F02D11/06—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
- F02D11/10—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
- G01D5/2006—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils
- G01D5/2013—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-contact displacement detection device that detects displacement of a moving body.
- a displacement detection device that detects a change in impedance of a coil portion caused by insertion of a core into the coil portion and provides a signal indicating a displacement of the core relative to the coil portion.
- the displacement of the temperature coefficient of the impedance Z is reduced by improving the structure of the coil and its surroundings.
- the degree of freedom in designing the coil section is small, and the cost is increased and generality is poor.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-186903 discloses a high-frequency magnetic non-contact position sensor. As shown in FIG. 44, this position sensor includes, as shown in FIG. 44, a rotating shaft 201 that rotates in conjunction with the object to be detected, and a circumference around the rotating shaft 201 that is connected to the rotating shaft 201 and a connecting piece 202c.
- the movable metal body 202 in an arc shape that moves in conjunction with the rotation of the rotary shaft 201 on the upper side, and the arms 202a and 202b of the movable metal body 202 that is fixedly arranged and moves on the circumference are each High frequency modulation by driving and exciting two sensor coils 203 (203 a, 203 b) whose central axes are curved in an arc shape so that the amount occupied by the magnetic path can enter and exit the central through hole.
- arm 20 A sensor circuit 204 that detects a magnetic change that occurs when the 2a and 202b enter and exit the sensor coils 203a and 203b, and a resistor 205a that detects a coil current flowing through the sensor coils 203a and 203b. , 205b.
- the arms 202a and 202b of the movable metal body 202 are made to penetrate the two sensor coils 203a and 203b in a complementary manner, and changes in the impedance of the sensor coils 203a and 203b are detected by the sensor circuit 204.
- the advantage is that precise positioning is not required because detection is performed.
- the coil impedance of the sensor coils 203a and 203b is only the impedance of the coil winding and its temperature characteristic ( (Temperature coefficient) element and coil winding only, and in the state where the arms 202a and 202b penetrate the sensor coils 203a and 203b, the coil impedance of the sensor coils 203a and 203b is the impedance of the coil winding.
- the temperature coefficient is the sum of the different temperature coefficients for each factor of the impedance increase, so that the temperature in the angular state where the arms 202a and 202b do not penetrate the sensor coils 203a and 203b inevitably. Different from coefficient. This means that the temperature coefficient changes depending on the penetration angle (angle). Therefore, after the temperature is corrected by digital trimming in the correction circuit 210 of the sensor circuit 204, if the amplification factor is changed according to the angle, accurate output cannot be output to the ECU unless the troublesome correction is performed. There is a prediction of improvement. Disclosure of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide a displacement greeting device capable of improving the detection accuracy by compensating for a change in the temperature coefficient of the impedance of the coil portion with respect to the displacement of the core. .
- the displacement detection device of the present invention includes a constant current supply unit that outputs a constant current including an AC current, a coil unit to which a constant current is supplied, and a coil unit within a predetermined movable range.
- a constant current supply unit that outputs a constant current including an AC current, a coil unit to which a constant current is supplied, and a coil unit within a predetermined movable range.
- the degree of freedom in designing the coil section can be increased, and the displacement dependence of the temperature coefficient of the impedance of the coil section can be easily reduced by setting a constant on the circuit.
- a change in the temperature coefficient of the impedance of the coil portion with respect to the displacement of the core can be compensated for by a simple circuit.
- the ratio of the constant current DC current to the AC current, the ratio of the AC component to the DC component of the impedance of the coil portion, and the temperature of the ratio of the constant current DC current to the AC current are at least one.
- the fluctuation of the temperature coefficient of the peak value (V1) is the temperature coefficient fluctuation of the AC voltage component (Vac). It is preferable that the width be smaller than the width.
- the coil unit includes a curved coil having a predetermined curvature, and the core has the same curvature as the curved coil, and is rotatable around a rotation axis.
- the amount of insertion of the core into the coil changes as the core rotates around the rotation axis.
- the change in the impedance of the coil can be increased.
- the temperature coefficient of the DC voltage component of the output voltage of the coil unit is calculated from the temperature coefficient of the AC voltage component of the output voltage of the coil unit when the insertion amount of the core into the bending coil is minimum.
- the output voltage of the coil unit when the insertion amount of the core into the coil unit is the maximum is close to the temperature coefficient of the AC voltage divided by the voltage.
- the fluctuation range of the temperature coefficient of the peak value of the output voltage of the coil can be reduced.
- the constant current supply means includes: a transmission circuit that generates a voltage obtained by adding a DC voltage to an AC voltage; and a voltage-current conversion circuit, wherein the DC voltage and the AC voltage Is determined such that the fluctuation range of the temperature coefficient of the peak value (V1) is smaller than the fluctuation range of the temperature coefficient of the AC voltage component (Vac).
- the AC voltage output from the oscillation circuit is preferably a triangular wave.
- the constant current supply means includes a transmission circuit that generates a voltage obtained by adding a DC voltage to an AC voltage, and a voltage-current conversion circuit, and the transmission circuit includes a DC current conversion circuit. A temperature coefficient of the resistance value is determined so that the fluctuation range of the temperature coefficient of the peak voltage (V1) is smaller than the fluctuation range of the temperature coefficient of the AC voltage component (Vac). You.
- the constant current supply means includes: a transmission circuit that generates a voltage obtained by adding a DC voltage to an AC voltage; and a voltage-current conversion circuit, and the temperature characteristic of the frequency of the AC voltage Is determined such that the temperature coefficient fluctuation width of the peak value is smaller than the temperature coefficient fluctuation width of the AC voltage component (Vac).
- the constant current circuit is composed of an IC, etc., and it is difficult to set constants on the circuit. If the resistor and capacitor for determining the oscillation frequency of the AC voltage are external, these By selecting the temperature coefficient of the resistor and the capacitor, the temperature characteristics of the AC component of the impedance of the coil portion can be set.
- the constant current supply means includes a DC constant current circuit and an AC constant current circuit, and the direct current supply means provided by the DC constant current circuit.
- the temperature characteristics of the vertical current value, the temperature characteristics of the frequency of the AC current provided by the AC constant current circuit, and the temperature characteristics of the amplitude of the AC current provided by the AC constant current circuit are at least one of the peaks.
- the temperature coefficient variation of the value (V1) is determined to be 5 so as to be smaller than the temperature coefficient variation of the AC voltage component (Vac).
- the AC current output from the AC constant current circuit is preferably a triangular wave.
- the coil unit includes a coil, and a circuit element connected in series to the coil, the impedance of which does not change with displacement of the core.
- One of the temperature coefficients of the AC component and the DC component of the impedance of the circuit element, and the temperature coefficient of the peak value (V1) is the temperature coefficient of the AC voltage component (Vac). It is determined to be smaller than the number fluctuation range.
- the circuit element is one of a resistor and an inductor.
- the DC resistance and AC impedance of the coil can be controlled at low cost.
- the constant current supply unit includes a resistor for setting a magnitude of a DC current, a frequency and an amplitude of the AC current, and a digital trimming unit for setting a value of the resistor. The value of the resistor is determined by the digital trimming means so that the temperature coefficient fluctuation width of the peak value (V1) is smaller than the temperature coefficient fluctuation width of the AC voltage component (Vac).
- the signal processing circuit preferably includes a rectifier circuit and a circuit for peak-holding the output of the rectifier circuit.
- the signal processing circuit includes an amplifier having a temperature coefficient of a polarity opposite to a temperature coefficient of a peak value of an output voltage of the coil unit, and a position of the core with respect to the coil unit based on an output of the amplifier. It is preferable to output a displacement signal indicating information.
- the output of the amplifier is a signal that depends only on the temperature-compensated displacement. By processing this output, a temperature-compensated displacement signal can be obtained.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a displacement greeting device having another configuration to achieve the same object as described above, wherein the displacement detection device described above is a device in which a DC current is superimposed on an AC current. While the current is supplied to the coil section, this displacement detection device differs in that a level shift voltage (Vsh) is added to the characteristic value (V1) extracted from the output voltage of the coil section.
- Vsh level shift voltage
- the displacement detection device of the present invention includes a constant current supply unit that outputs a constant current including an AC current, a coil unit to which a constant current is supplied, and a coil unit within a predetermined movable range.
- the output of the coil It includes a feature value extracting means for extracting a feature bell (V1) from a voltage, and a level shift circuit for adding a level shift voltage (Vsh) to the feature value, and the sum of the feature value (V1) and the level shift voltage (Vsh) (V2) Is characterized in that the variation range of the temperature coefficient in the movable range is smaller than the variation range of the characteristic value (V1) in the movable range.
- the current consumption may be changed due to the adjustment of the temperature characteristics.o
- the occurrence of defects can be avoided, and the adjustment is performed without depending on the temperature coefficient of the DC resistance of the winding material.
- the temperature coefficient of the impedance of the coil portion with respect to the displacement of the core can be compensated for by a simple circuit, it is possible to compensate for the displacement.
- the object of the present invention can be achieved by adding a relatively small level shift value to the feature ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ by the level shift circuit, it is particularly effective when the current consumption is limited.
- a displacement detection device that employs constant current supply means of 7 ⁇ that supplies a constant current to the coil section by superimposing the current, further effects can be provided.
- the above displacement detection device it is preferable to include means for adjusting at least one of the magnitude of the level shift voltage and the temperature coefficient.
- the temperature characteristics can be adjusted with higher accuracy by adjusting the variations in the temperature characteristics caused by the manufacturing lot. Adjust the level of the predetermined digital amount of the level shift voltage using the level shift circuit.
- the signal processing circuit is disposed between the peak hold circuit and the level shift circuit as the characteristic value extracting means, and A / D conversion for converting the characteristic value into a digital signal. It is preferable to include a circuit and a temperature compensation circuit that performs temperature compensation on the output of the level shift circuit. Calibration (calibration) can be performed easily and accurately.
- the characteristic value may be any one of a peak value of the output voltage of the coil unit, a pot value of the output voltage of the coil unit, and a value proportional to the amplitude of the output voltage of the coil unit. preferable.
- the coil section has a curved coil having a predetermined curvature, and the curved coil is fixed to an eight-way housing having a means for correcting a change in the curvature. It can correct and prevent the curvature change of the bending coil.
- the core is a plurality of curved cores having the same curvature and rotatably held around a single rotation axis, and a coil unit. Includes a plurality of coils having the same curvature as the curved core and arranged apart from each other in the axial direction of the rotation axis, and the rotation of each core around the rotation axis into the coils of each core.
- the insertion amount changes.
- the expected angle of winding of the curved coil and the mechanical rotation angle of the movable block can be made large, but the range of rotation angle where the linearity of the impedance of the coil section is good is widened. effective.
- the specifications of the two coils can be made the same, the characteristics of the two coils can be made the same, which is advantageous in winding processing and cost.
- the coil is a pair of an inner coil and an outer coil which have different curvatures and are arranged so as to be curved substantially in parallel with each other.
- a first core that is curved to have the same curvature as the inner coil and is rotatably held around the rotation axis; and a first core that is bent to have the same curvature as the outer coil and is rotatably held around the rotation axis.
- a second core wherein the amount of insertion of the first core into the inner coil changes by the rotation of the first core about the rotation axis, and the rotation of the second core about the rotation axis The insertion of the second core into the outer coil changes.
- the expected angle of the winding of the curved coil and the mechanical rotation angle of the movable block can be made large, so that there is an effect that the range of the rotation angle in which the linearity of the impedance of the coil is favorable is widened. In addition, book-sharing is possible.
- the signal processing circuit includes an A / D conversion circuit that converts a peak value of an output voltage of the coil unit into a digital signal, and a correction that digitally trims the digital signal. And a signal correction circuit having a circuit. If the system (ECU) that receives and processes the output of the displacement detection device is a digital circuit, if the output of the displacement detection device is an analog signal, an error is generated by repeating extra AD and DA conversions. In addition, such a problem does not occur because the output of the displacement detection device is a digital output with a delay in answering. Another advantage is that it is less susceptible to external noise during signal transmission than analog output.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a displacement detection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a top view of the displacement detection device.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the displacement detection device taken along line AA ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of an output voltage of a coil of the displacement detection device.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotation angle of the core and the impedance of the coil of the displacement detection device.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between a rotation angle of a core and an output voltage of a coil of the displacement detection device.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotation angle of the core of the displacement detection device and the temperature coefficient of the output voltage of the coil.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a relationship between a rotation angle of a core of the displacement detection device and a temperature coefficient of a peak voltage of a coil.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a constant current circuit and a signal processing circuit of the displacement detection device.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of an oscillation circuit of the displacement detection device.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a voltage-current conversion circuit of the displacement detection device.
- # 13 is a circuit diagram showing another example of the constant current circuit of the displacement detection device.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing another example of the circuit configuration of the displacement detection device.
- FIG. 15 is a reference diagram showing the relationship between the core rotation angle and the temperature coefficient of the output voltage of the coil.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the coil according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a change in the resistance value of the copper wire due to the skin effect.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a change in the resistance value of the copper wire due to the proximity effect.
- m ⁇ 9 is a circuit diagram of the displacement detection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of a displacement detection device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a top view of the displacement detection device.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotation angle of the core of the displacement detection device and the temperature coefficient of the AC impedance of the coil.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotation angle of the core and the temperature coefficient of the output voltage of the coil in the displacement detection device of FIG.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the relationship between the core rotation angle and the temperature coefficient of the output signal of the peak hold circuit in the displacement detection device of FIG.
- Fig. 25 shows the rotation angle of the core and the peak hold time in the displacement detection device of Fig. 20. It is a figure showing the relation of the temperature coefficient of the output signal of a road.
- FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram showing another example of the displacement detection device.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a lateral displacement device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a view illustrating characteristics of a magnetic material used for the core according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- H129 8 to 29E are diagrams showing the relationship between the angular span of the magnetic material and the straightness of the AC impedance of the coil at each frequency.
- 30A to 30D are diagrams showing the end shape of the core.
- FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a linear stroke type displacement detection device.
- 32A to 32E are diagrams showing edges of the core with edges removed.
- FIG. 33 is a plan view of a coil provided with holding and fixing members at both ends.
- FIG. 34 is a top view of a displacement detection device including two coil units according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 is a partial cross-sectional view of the displacement detection device of FIG.
- FIG. 36 is a top view of another displacement detection device including two coil units according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of the displacement detection device of FIG.
- FIG. 38A and FIG. 38B are diagrams showing displacement signals in the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 39A and 39B are diagrams showing another displacement signal in the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 4OA and 4OB are diagrams showing still another displacement signal according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view of the variation detection device according to the zeroth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 42 is a circuit diagram of the displacement detection device of FIG.
- FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional displacement detection device.
- # 44 is a schematic view showing another conventional displacement detection device.
- BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION a displacement and access device according to the present invention will be described in detail based on a preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- the lateral displacement device of the present embodiment has a U-shaped cross section, is coated with coating 11 on the inner side, and is wound around a curved bobbin 10 that curves at a constant curvature.
- the coil 2 a movable block 13 having a projection 13 a formed on the outside of a cylindrical body having the center of curvature of the curved coil 2 as a rotation axis, and one end connected to the projection 13 a, a hollow portion of the coil 2 Magnetic material core 1 that is bent at a constant curvature that can be penetrated into the coil, a curvature correction member 12 for correcting a change in the curvature of the coil 2, and eight housings that arrange and fix each part on the fixing surface 14, a constant current circuit 3 that outputs a constant current Id obtained by superimposing an AC current having a predetermined frequency f and an amplitude Iac on a DC current Idc of a predetermined magnitude to the coil 2, and a constant current circuit 3 that outputs Voltage
- Coil 2 includes a coil section A to which a constant current Id is supplied and which outputs a detection signal.
- the cross-sectional shape of the curved bobbin 10 may be a shape other than the U-shape.
- the coil winding it is preferable to use any one of, for example, dichromium, manganin, and copper-nickel alloy.
- the movable block 13 rotates and the rotation angle is 0. As the angle changes from 0 ° to 90 °, the portion of the core 1 penetrating the coil 2 decreases.
- the constant current circuit 3 includes an oscillation circuit 3 a that generates a constant voltage Vd ′ obtained by superimposing an AC voltage having a predetermined frequency f and amplitude Vac ′ on a DC voltage Vdc ′ having a predetermined magnitude, and an oscillation circuit 3 a. It is composed of a voltage-current conversion circuit 3b that converts the output constant voltage Vd 'to a constant current Id.
- the DC current I dc is supplied from the constant current circuit 3 to the coil 2 simultaneously with the AC current I ac.
- the DC resistance of coil 2 is Zdc
- the AC impedance at oscillation frequency f of AC current Iac is Zac
- the voltage across coil 2 is Vs
- the voltage Vs is the sum of DC voltage Vdc and AC voltage Vac:
- V1 +2 Vdc + Vac Idc * Zdc + lac * Zac... (2), and the parameters in the above equation (2) can be treated as real numbers. It is the sum of the DC voltage Vdc and the AC voltage Vac having V1.
- the displacement detection device provides a temperature coefficient variation range in the movable range of the peak value (V1) of the output voltage of the coil 2 which is the sum of the AC voltage component (Vac) and the DC voltage component (Vdc). Is smaller than the temperature coefficient fluctuation width in the movable range of the AC voltage component (Vac).
- the output linearity error of the detection signal in a predetermined displacement section is defined at room temperature, and a certain margin is given to the error to define the value in the entire operating temperature range.
- the room temperature is 30 ° C, there is a temperature range of 100 ° C on the high temperature side.
- the temperature change rate ( The fluctuation range of the temperature coefficient) must be kept within ⁇ 100 ppmZK or less. Also, for any displacement within the desired displacement section, if the fluctuation range ⁇ (dV1 / dT) of the temperature coefficient of the peak value V1 of the voltage Vs across the coil 2 is ⁇ 100 ppmZK or less, the constant temperature coefficient can be easily obtained.
- the voltage after temperature compensation can be set to 1 OOp pm / K at normal temperature at the displacement. This is the goal of the book.
- Fig. 6 shows sample data created based on the measured values of the impedance of coil 2 wound with a copper-nickel alloy wire (GCN15 wire).
- the DC resistance Zdc of coil 2 and the AC impedance Z ac are This is plotted on a graph with the rotation angle ⁇ in Fig. 2 as the horizontal axis.
- the impedance Z is set to change completely linearly with respect to the rotation angle 0. This is very close to the measured value.
- Ambient temperature H40, + 40 ° C, + 25 ° C, + 85 ° C, +13
- Data at 0 ° C is shown for each of Zac and Zdc.
- the DC resistance Zdc is 188 ⁇
- the temperature coefficient is 51 1 pomZK
- the AC impedance Zac is
- the DC current is I dc20
- the displacement dependence of the temperature coefficient is the same as the displacement dependence of the impedance Z of the coil 2.
- the DC current Idc increases, it approaches the temperature coefficient of the DC voltage Vdc.
- the smaller the amount of penetration into the coil 2 of the core 1 in this embodiment, the larger the rotation angle 0), the greater the ratio of the DC voltage Vdc to the peak voltage V1 (see FIG. 6). Sensitive to DC voltage Vdc.
- the ratio of the AC voltage Vac to the DC voltage Vdc increases, so that by appropriately selecting the frequency f, Vdc and Vdc The ratio with ac can be set appropriately.
- the DC current I dc, the AC current I ac, and the frequency f are assumed to be zero, but if they have a temperature coefficient, the DC voltage V dc and the AC voltage V Each temperature coefficient of ac shifts up and down, and the temperature characteristic of the peak voltage V 1 changes accordingly.
- (dV1 ZdT) is greatly affected by (dVdcZdT) when the penetration amount of core 1 is small, and (dVacZdT) when the insertion amount of core 1 is large. Greatly affected by This naturally follows from the composition ratio of the DC voltage Vdc and the AC voltage Vac in the peak voltage V1.
- the DC resistance Zdc, the AC impedance Zac, the DC current Idc, the AC current Iac, and the fever coefficient of the frequency f are set to appropriate values by the method described below, and (dVdcZdT) and (DVacZdT) can be controlled.
- the temperature coefficient of the DC resistance Zdc is determined by the selection of the winding material of the coil 2.
- a coil material since the temperature coefficient of ordinary copper wire is very large, it is practical to use a nichrome wire, a manganin wire, or a copper-nickel alloy wire (GCN wire).
- GCN wire copper-nickel alloy wire
- the volume resistivity and its temperature coefficient can be selected according to the alloy ratio of nickel and nickel.
- the constant current circuit 3 includes an oscillation circuit 3a that outputs a voltage of Vdc 'and Vac' and a voltage-current conversion circuit 3b.
- the oscillation circuit 3a includes a comparator CP1, a resistor R3 connected between the non-inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the comparator CP1, and a resistor R3 connected between the inverting input terminal of the comparator CP1 and the ground.
- the operational amplifier OP1 connected to the source E1, the capacitor C2 connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP1, the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP1 and the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP1. It consists of a resistor R2 connected between the two terminals, and a series circuit of resistors R5 and R6 connected between the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP1 and the control power supply Vcc.
- the voltage-current conversion circuit 3b has a resistor R1 connected to one end to the control power supply Vcc, an emitter connected to the other end of the resistor R1, a base connected to the oscillation circuit 3a, and a collector connected to the coil 2 PNP transistor Q1.
- the signal processing circuit 4 uses a peak-hold type rectifier circuit as a specific circuit for extracting the peak voltage V1.
- the circuit includes a constant current source I1 having one end connected to the control power supply Vcc, and a constant current source.
- High-frequency noise includes both harmonic components of the coil drive current and radiated noise from the outside. These are effective when eliminating the effects of these deviations.
- the AC current output from the constant current circuit 3 is preferably a triangular wave.
- the output Vo sc of the operational amplifier ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ becomes a triangular wave centered on Vc cZ2, and the output Vo sc is divided by the resistors R5 and R6 to obtain the DC voltage Vdc 'and the AC voltage Vac'. Is determined.
- Such a triangular wave oscillation circuit can realize a circuit that is more stable with respect to temperature changes with a simpler configuration than a sine wave oscillation circuit.
- the square wave oscillation circuit cannot be used.
- an output voltage reflecting the rotation angle 0 of the core can be obtained as in the case of the sine wave.
- the oscillation frequency f of the AC voltage Vac ' is proportional to (R3 CC2XR 4XR2)), and the amplitude is proportional to (R2 / R3). Therefore, by properly selecting the values and the temperature coefficients of the resistors R2 to R6 and the capacitor C2, the bell and the temperature coefficient of the DC voltage Vdc 'and the AC voltage Vac' can be controlled. In particular, even when the entire constant current circuit 3 is monolithic I C, the capacitor C 2 is often provided externally, so that a method of adjusting the temperature coefficient with the capacitor C 2 is effective.
- the entire constant current circuit 3 is formed as a monolithic IC, a part or all of the resistances of the resistors R1 to R5 are set by digital trimming, so that the DC current Idc, the AC current Iac, and the By giving an appropriate temperature coefficient to the frequency f Wear.
- the versatility is high because the IC can be used without changing the IC even if the core 1 coil 2 and its displacement section change.
- digital trimming refers to adjusting the resistance by connecting a parallel circuit of a resistor and a switch element in parallel with the resistor to be adjusted in advance and turning on and off the switch element by digital data. is there.
- the optimal code for digital data is determined while monitoring the electrical characteristics, and the determined optimal code is written to the ROM of the IC or provided in the IC. Blowing out the fuses for data storage provides the IC with an optimal code, and the resistance in the IC is set to a value opposite this optimal code.
- the triangular wave generating circuit may have a circuit configuration other than the circuit configuration shown in FIG. In the voltage-to-current conversion circuit 3b of FIG.
- the temperature coefficient of the DC voltage Vdc 'generated by the oscillation circuit 3a is zero due to the temperature characteristic of the transistor-emitter voltage Vbe.
- the DC current I dc supplied to the coil 2 will have a positive temperature coefficient. If the temperature coefficient of the DC current I dc is not desired to be a positive temperature coefficient, the emitter of the transistor Q1 of the voltage-current converter 3b shown in FIG. 10 is connected to the inverting input terminal, and the transistor Q1
- the output of the oscillation circuit 3a may be connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP2 using the voltage-current conversion circuit 3b 'shown in FIG. 12 to which the operational amplifier OP2 having the base connected to the output terminal is added.
- Fig. 13 shows a circuit configuration of a constant current circuit 3 'different from the constant current circuit 3 of Fig. 1 O.
- the constant current circuit 3' is composed of an AC current supply circuit S ac and a DC current supply circuit S dc. Is done.
- AC current supply circuit Sac is connected to the series circuit of NPN transistor Q4 and PNP transistor Q6 and the midpoint of the connection of transistors Q4 and Q6; £ AC power supply and control power supply Vcc-Vee
- a series circuit of a PNP transistor Q8, an NPN transistor Q5, a resistor R, R8, a PNP transistor Q7, an NPN transistor Q10 and a series connection of a PNP transistor Q9 and an NPN transistor Q11 The gates of the transistors Q4 and Q5, the transistors Q6 and Q, the transistors Q8 and Q9, the transistors Q10, and the GM 1 are connected to each other, and the bases of the transistors Q8 and Q10 are connected to each other. There is a short circuit between them.
- the DC current supply circuit Sdc has a collector connected to the middle point of the transistors Q9 and Q11, and an emitter connected to the control power supply Vcc.
- the PNP transistors Q1 and Q13 and the collector of the transistor Q13 and the ground The gates of transistors 2 and 13 are connected to each other, and the base and collector of transistor Q13 are short-circuited.
- the coil 2 has one end connected to the connection midpoint between the transistors Q9 and Q12, and an AC current supply circuit S ac for supplying the AC current I ac and a DC current supply circuit S dc for supplying the DC current I dc. Since they exist independently, it is possible to simply control the ratio between the AC current I ac and the DC current I dc and the temperature coefficient. Furthermore, setting by digital trimming is possible.
- the signal processing circuit 4 includes an amplifier having a temperature coefficient of a polarity opposite to the temperature coefficient of the peak value V1 of the output voltage of the coil section A, and outputs the displacement signal Vout based on the output of this amplifier.
- the output of the amplifier is a signal that depends only on the temperature-compensated displacement. By processing this output, a temperature-compensated displacement signal can be obtained.
- the AC impedance is Z 'ac2 R (resistance value). If the circuit element 5 has an inductance, the circuit element 5 has both a DC resistance Z'dc and an AC impedance Z'ac. Furthermore, if a diode is provided as the circuit element 5, it is possible to affect only the DC component Vdc of the voltage Vs across the coil 2.
- the temperature coefficient of the signal voltage in the displacement section (rotation angle) ⁇ is obtained.
- the fluctuation width ⁇ (dVI ZdT) can be considerably reduced, it is needless to say that the smaller ⁇ (dZac / dT) itself can further reduce ⁇ (dV1 / dT).
- the core 1 be a magnetic material having a small temperature coefficient of magnetic permeability and resistivity. Since the temperature coefficient of magnetic permeability is not so large for any magnetic material in a temperature range of, for example, about 40 to + 13 ° C, a material having a small temperature coefficient of resistivity is particularly suitable.
- nickel-chromium alloys, nickel-chromium-iron alloys, iron-chromium-aluminum alloys, copper-nickel alloys, and manganins are often used for heating wires and can be obtained at very low cost as wire materials.
- the core 1 is formed by cutting to a desired length and bending the heating wire, the temperature fluctuation of the impedance of the coil when the core penetrates can be made smaller and the material The loss can be reduced, and the core 1 having excellent temperature characteristics can be manufactured at low cost.
- FIG. 15 shows a plot corresponding to Fig. 8 when is given.
- (DV1 / dT) is larger than ⁇ (dZac / dT).
- the ⁇ (dV 1 / dT) does not necessarily decrease simply by giving the direct current I dc to the above-mentioned elements.
- the displacement detecting device in which the displacement direction of the core is a curve is described.
- the same effect can be obtained with a displacement detecting device in which the displacement direction of the core is a straight line.
- the temperature change of the impedance Z of the coil 2 is caused by the relative displacement between the core 1 and the coil 2.
- the first temperature compensation method of 7e will be described.
- the configuration of the displacement detection device of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
- the winding of the coil part In order to control the impedance of the coil part when the core does not penetrate and to prevent the temperature change of the impedance from changing by the relative displacement between the core and the coil, for example, the winding of the coil part
- the number of turns, the winding pitch of the winding, and the frequency of the constant current input to the coil section are determined by the temperature coefficient of the impedance of the coil section and the coil section caused by the relative displacement of the core with respect to the coil section. It is preferable to set each value so that the temperature coefficient of the impedance becomes equal.
- the impedance Z of the coil 2 is equivalent to a series circuit of a resistance component Rs and an inductance component Ls.
- the inductance component L s has a component due to the skin effect.
- the skin effect when the skin thickness is sufficiently small and the frequency is constant is proportional to the volume resistivity / 0 squared, so the temperature coefficient is also the volume resistivity. Affected by 1/2 of p.
- Fig. 17 is a graph showing the change in the resistance of the copper wire due to the skin effect, and shows the relationship between the frequency and the resistance of the copper wire.
- the wire diameter is 0.32 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.1 Omm, ⁇ .0 mm
- the curves Y7, ⁇ 8, ⁇ 9, ⁇ 10 are Ji versus each other.
- the degree of resistance change depends on the coil diameter and frequency.
- the temperature coefficient of the resistance component R s depends on the temperature coefficient of the volume resistivity ⁇ of the winding material, and the resistance component R s is affected by the proximity effect.
- Fig. 18 is a graph showing the variation of the resistance of the copper wire due to the proximity effect, showing the relationship between the frequency and the resistance of the copper wire.
- the proximity effect is a phenomenon in which current does not flow uniformly in the winding when the winding pitch of the coil winding is narrow. The effect is stronger as the winding pitch is smaller, but the effect differs depending on the wire diameter. .
- the component due to the proximity effect depends on the volume resistivity p to the first power, so its temperature coefficient is also the volume resistivity. Affected by the first power of That is, when the wire diameter is large or the frequency is high, the temperature coefficient of the impedance Z of the core 1 where the core 1 does not penetrate becomes small due to the skin effect and the proximity effect. Therefore, by appropriately setting the volume resistivity 0, wire diameter, number of turns, winding pitch and frequency of the winding material, the DC resistance component, skin effect component, and proximity in the displacement state where the core 1 does not penetrate By controlling the balance of the effect components, the impedance of coil 2
- the winding material since the volume coefficient of copper has a very large temperature coefficient, it is desirable to select a material having a smaller temperature coefficient of volume resistivity p than that of copper.
- the winding of the coil 2 may be formed of one of nichrome, manganin, and a copper-nickel alloy.
- a copper-nickel alloy is preferable because the value of the volume resistivity p can be controlled by changing its component ratio.
- the temperature coefficient of the impedance of the coil section it is preferable that the core be formed of a material in which the temperature coefficient of impedance of the coil caused by the relative displacement of the core relative to the coil is equal.
- the increase in the impedance Z of the coil 2 due to the penetration of the core 1 into the coil 2 results from the volume resistivity and the magnetic permeability of the core 1. Therefore, since the temperature coefficient is related to the temperature coefficient of the volume resistivity D and the magnetic permeability of the core 1, the temperature coefficient when the core 1 penetrates the coil 2 and the core 1 penetrates the coil 2 Select a core 1 with a volume resistivity ⁇ and magnetic permeability suitable for 5 so that it matches the temperature coefficient when it is not, or a surface of the core 1 is suitable.Volume resistivity; o, a surface treatment that gives a magnetic permeability u If you give it, In general, the ambient temperature at which the displacement detection device is used is at most 120 to 130 ° C, and the Curie temperature of the core 1 is sufficiently higher than the ambient temperature. The magnetic permeability has a characteristic that it decreases rapidly near the Curie temperature, and conversely, the magnetic permeability a hardly changes in the temperature region where the displacement detector is used.
- the position is detected by the impedance change of the coil 2 of the first embodiment, most of the impedance is an inductance, and the magnetic field generated by the constant current flowing through the coil 2 is the axis of the coil 2.
- an annular current (so-called eddy current) that tries to extinguish the axial magnetic field flows inside the core "1.
- This annular current has a function of reducing the inductance of the coil 2, and the magnitude is applied.
- the volume resistivity of the core 1 is related to the frequency of the magnetic field (it does not fluctuate at constant current and fixed frequency), that is, the larger the volume resistivity of the core 1, the smaller the ring current and the lower the inductance. Therefore, if the volume resistivity of the core 1 has a temperature characteristic, the inductance also has a temperature characteristic, and the temperature characteristic of the inductance greatly affects the temperature characteristic of the impedance.
- coil 2 When coil 2 is actually used as an impedance element, the current supplied to coil 2 is often driven at tens to hundreds of kHz, so at that frequency the magnetic field generated by coil 2 is They do not reach the inside and gather near the surface.
- At least core 1 is made of nickel-chromium alloy, nickel-chromium-iron alloy, iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, copper-nickel alloy, or man-powered nickel alloy, which is a material with a small volume resistivity / 0. What is necessary is just to form a surface. The temperature fluctuation of the coil impedance when the core penetrates can be reduced. These materials are called electric heating materials and have a small temperature coefficient of resistance.
- iron nickel is a magnetic material, it has a magnetic property as an alloy, and the impedance of coil 2 changes. Can be greatly increased.
- the core 1 having a small volume resistivity formed in a bulk shape can have more excellent temperature characteristics.
- nickel-chromium alloys nickel-chromium-iron alloys, iron-chromium-aluminum alloys, copper-nickel alloys, manganin, and other electric heating materials are used.
- the cost increases due to the large amount of material loss. Since these materials are on the market as heating wires, heating wires made of nickel-chromium alloy, nickel-chromium-iron alloy, iron-chromium aluminum alloy, copper-nickel alloy, manganin, etc. are required. It is economical to use the necessary length of bending (or stretching) after cutting to an appropriate length, and it is possible to prevent the generation of unnecessary industrial waste.
- thermo compensation can be effectively performed by combining the first and second temperature compensation methods of the present embodiment.
- the displacement extraction device of the first embodiment supplies a DC current I dc and an AC current I ac to the coil 2, and as a result, a ratio of the DC voltage Vdc generated at both ends of the coil 2 to the AC voltage Vac.
- the width of the temperature coefficient of the displacement signal Vout fluctuated by the relative displacement between the coil 2 and the core 1 (displacement dependence of the temperature coefficient) is minimized.
- the signal processing circuit 4 is composed of, for example, a peak hold circuit 4a, a temperature compensation circuit 4c, a non-linearity compensation circuit 4e, and an amplification circuit 4d, and the peak hold circuit 4a
- the peak value V1 of the voltage Vs between both ends of the coil 2 is extracted, and the temperature compensation circuit 4c compensates the temperature to the peak ⁇ V1 with the temperature coefficient of the polarity opposite to the temperature coefficient of the peak value V1, and the nonlinearity compensation circuit 4e
- the amplifier circuit 4d amplifies the signal and outputs the displacement signal Vout.
- the signal processing circuit 4 includes a peak hold circuit 4a, a level shift circuit 4b, a temperature compensation circuit 4c, and an amplifier circuit 4d. Then, the voltage hold circuit 4a extracts the peak value V1 of the voltage Vs across the coil 2, and the level shift circuit 4b outputs a signal V2 obtained by adding the level shift value Vsh to the peak value V1. ⁇ The circuit 4c compensates the temperature of the signal V2 with the temperature coefficient of the opposite polarity to the temperature coefficient of the signal V2, and outputs the signal V3. The amplifier circuit 4d amplifies the signal V3 and outputs a displacement signal Vout.
- High-frequency noise includes both harmonic components of the coil drive current and radiated noise from the outside. These are effective in removing the effects of these deviations.
- the displacement detection device of the present embodiment extracts the characteristic value (V1) from the output voltage of the coil by the peak hold circuit 4a as the characteristic value extracting means, and the level shift circuit applies a level shift to this characteristic value.
- the voltage coefficient (Vsh) is added, and the temperature coefficient fluctuation width of the sum (V2) of the characteristic value (V1) and the level shift voltage (Vsh) in the movable range of the core is determined by the temperature of the characteristic value (V1) in the movable range.
- the feature is that iQ is smaller than the coefficient fluctuation width.
- the value of I dc / I ac must be set large in order to minimize the displacement dependence of the peak value V 1, which may increase current consumption. .
- V2 (Idc * Zdc + Vsh) + lac * Zac... (4), and (Idc * Zdc + Vsh) is the DC voltage Vdc.
- Vsh To properly set the magnitude (absolute value) or temperature coefficient of the level shift value Vsh, it is necessary to set the ratio of the DC current I dc and the AC current I ac to the appropriate temperature coefficient as in the first embodiment. Is the same as setting
- at least one of the DC current I dc, AC current I ac, DC resistance Z dc, AC impedance Z ac, and / or temperature coefficient is properly set.
- the ratio between the DC voltage V dc and the AC voltage V ac of the signal V 2 and the temperature coefficient are appropriately set, so that the fluctuation range of the temperature coefficient of the signal V 2 can be minimized.
- the shape of the displacement detection device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment. However, in this embodiment, the movable block 13 rotates as shown in FIG. Flow
- Fig. 22 shows the temperature coefficient of the AC impedance Z ac of the coil 2 with respect to the rotation angle 0.
- the measurement frequency of the AC impedance Zac is 70 KHz
- the DC resistance Zdc is 58 ⁇ (25 ° C)
- the temperature coefficient of the DC resistance Zdc is 3900 ppm / ° C.
- FIG. 24 shows the temperature coefficient of the signal V2 when the level shift Vsh is changed from Om V to 200 mV in the configuration of the present embodiment of FIG. 20, where dc is 0, the level shift value V sh Is set to 300 ppm / ° C.
- FIG. 25 shows the temperature coefficient of the union signal V2 in which the temperature coefficient h of the level shift value Vsh is changed from 0 ppm ⁇ C to 5 OOOpp m / ° C in the configuration of the present embodiment of FIG.
- the DC current I dc is ⁇ and the repel shift value Vsh is 1 OOmV.
- the signal V2 obtained in this manner is subjected to temperature compensation independent of displacement by the temperature compensating circuit 4c (for example, about 1200 iDpmZ ° C in FIG. 23, about 1450 ppm / ° C in FIG. 24, FIG. 25 About 1300ppmZ ° C).
- the signal V3 obtained does not depend on the ambient temperature, and has a value substantially equal to the signal V2 at the displacement at room temperature.
- the displacement signal Vout is output by subjecting the signal V3 to predetermined amplification by the amplifier circuit 4d. (If there is no particular need for amplification, the signal V 3 is output as the displacement signal V out.)
- the temperature compensation circuit 4 c is not necessarily limited to performing first-order compensation on temperature. A circuit for compensating for temperature represented by a second-order or other nonlinear equation may be used. Similarly, the amplifier circuit 4 d or a circuit having an amplification degree expressed by a nonlinear equation with respect to the signal V 3.
- the level shift circuit 4b is connected between the coil 2 and the peak hold circuit 4a. Since the signal V2 is represented by the above equation (4), The effect can be obtained.
- the temperature coefficient h of the level shift value Vsh and the temperature coefficient h of the level shift value Vsh of the present embodiment, the temperature coefficient of the temperature compensation, the circuit constant for amplification, the coefficient, and the like can be stored in an EEPROM or the like. If the temperature coefficient and constant can be set to optimal values for each individual product, it will not be affected by individual differences in the temperature characteristics of the coil 2 and the signal processing circuit 4, so that characteristic fluctuations due to temperature changes will be minimized. be able to. Next, the calibration of the temperature coefficient h of the level shift value V sh and the level shift value V sh performed individually in the manufacturing process of the displacement detection device will be described below. First, as shown in Fig.
- the peak value V1 and the signal V2 at each displacement are obtained by the temperature cycle.
- the optimum level shift value Vsh is obtained, and the coefficient (circuit constant) of the amplifier circuit 4 d is determined based on the level shift value Vsh. Then, since the displacement signal Vout is obtained for the first time after setting the coefficient of the amplifier circuit 4d, it is necessary to repeat the temperature cycle to confirm the temperature characteristics of the displacement signal Vout. .
- the temperature coefficient h of the level shift value Vsh is controlled to minimize the displacement dependence of the temperature characteristic.
- the normal temperature state (the gain of the temperature compensation circuit 4c is 1 ) Can determine the coefficient of the amplifier circuit 4 d.
- the optimum temperature coefficient h and the temperature coefficient of the temperature compensation circuit 4c can be determined.
- the displacement signal Vo Out can also be checked at the same time, so there is no need to perform the second temperature cycle.
- controlling the temperature coefficient h of the level shift value Vsh is easier to carry out.
- the DC current I dc, the AC current I ac, or the I DC / lac is controlled as shown in FIG. Calibration can be easily performed by controlling the temperature coefficient of frequency.
- the signal processing is performed using the peak value V1 of the voltage across coil 2 as the original signal, but the signal processing is performed using the bottom voltage of the voltage across coil 2 as the original signal.
- equation (2) and equation (4) instead of equation (2) and equation (4),
- V1 two Vdc + Vac Idc * Zdc-lac * Zac... (5)
- V2 (Idc * Zdc + Vsh) one lac * Zac... (6)
- V sh and V sh are set appropriately.
- the same effect as described above can be obtained even if the effective value of the peak voltage of the voltage across the coil 2 is used as the original signal and the original signal is level-shifted.
- the configuration of the displacement detection device of this embodiment is such that an AD conversion circuit 4 f is connected to the next stage of the peak hold circuit 4 a of the third embodiment, and a AD conversion circuit 4 f is connected to the next stage of the AD conversion circuit 4 f.
- the peak value V1 of the voltage between both ends of the coil 2 is converted into a digital signal DV1 by the AD conversion circuit 4f, and thereafter, the digital operation block 4g calculates the digital signal by the level shift unit 41 as a digital signal operation.
- the digital signal DV2 that has been added and level-shifted is output, and the The compensator 42 performs an operation for performing temperature compensation on the digital signal DV 2, and the amplifier 43 amplifies the digital signal output from the temperature compensator 42 and outputs a displacement signal V ou ⁇ of the digital signal. .
- the digital operation result can be converted into an analog signal by DA conversion.
- the configuration of the displacement detection device of the present embodiment is the same as any one of the first to fourth embodiments, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
- the first method of improving the linearity is to select an appropriate material for the core 1 and to appropriately set the frequency f of the AC current Iac.
- the inventor conducted an experiment on the linearity of the AC impedance Z ac by changing the core material in the coil 2 exemplified in the first embodiment.
- Figure 28 shows the metallic materials used: electromagnetic soft iron, permalloy, electromagnetic stainless steel, SUS430, iron chromium, and their estimated characteristic values: resistivity.
- Electromagnetic stainless steel refers to a metal added with 11% Cr, Si, Mn, P, Ni, Ti, etc. It is used for
- each metal is heat-treated under conditions unique to each metal in order to bring out the magnetic properties of each metal, and the shapes are the same.
- FIGS. 29A to 29E show the experimental results of the linearity of the AC impedance Z ac of each metal when the frequency f of the AC current I ac is 1 OKHz, 30 kHz, 50 kHz, 70 kHz, and 90 kHz.
- magnetic stainless steel electromagnetically stable steel
- SUS 430 (18Cr ferritic stainless steel) has good linearity with respect to angle span and frequency as well as corrosion resistance and is inexpensive, so it is a core material for displacement detection devices. It can be said that this is preferable.
- These linearities are the parameters of resistivity and permeability. It is considered to be determined by the lance and the frequency characteristics.
- the second improvement method is to take measures to reduce the edge effect, which is a problem of the prior art.
- a portion having a predetermined length from the end of the core allows a magnetic flux to pass through from another portion, a portion having a predetermined length from the end of the core becomes thicker than the other portion, or an end of the core. It is preferable that a portion having a predetermined length from the portion is formed of a material having a higher magnetic permeability than the other portions. The end effect is reduced, and the section where output linearity can be secured can be expanded.
- FIGS. 30A and 30B show a method of increasing the contribution rate of the core tip 1 a or 1 b to the AC impedance Z ac by devising the shape of the core 1.
- a substantially right-angled step is provided at the tip 1a, and the tip 1b is thickened in a wedge shape in FIG. 30B.
- the core 1 is formed by etching and metal injection molding, which does not increase the manufacturing cost.
- Fig. 30C shows that the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux at the core tip 1c can be increased by configuring the tip 1c of the core 1 with a material having higher magnetic permeability than the core body, and the inductance is further increased. It can contribute to.
- the portion other than the tip must be narrowed, and the sensitivity is slightly reduced.
- the sensitivity does not decrease.
- the thickness of the core can be made constant, the core becomes mechanically stable, and can be easily formed by combining two members.
- the surface of the part of the predetermined length from the end of the core is still surface-treated with a material having a higher magnetic permeability than the other parts, and the core is permalloyed over the surface of the part of the predetermined length from the end. It is also preferable to remove the edges by forming the core with stainless steel or performing a chamfering process on the end of the core.
- Figure 30D shows an example in which a surface treatment (eg, plating) is applied to the core tip 1d with a material having high magnetic permeability.
- Fig. 30C requires much time and effort in manufacturing, and can improve the difficulty of positioning.
- the core thickness can be kept constant, Stable, and a curved core can be easily formed. It is to be noted that, in addition to plating, for example, a configuration in which a foil having a high magnetic permeability is attached may be used.
- the displacement detection device shown in FIG. 31 includes a coil 2 wound around a hollow pobin 15, and a core 1 that is displaced in the winding axis direction X of the coil 2 and penetrates into the hollow portion of the bobbin 15.
- the constant current circuit and the signal processing circuit (not shown) are provided in the same manner as in any of the first to fourth embodiments.
- the core 1 has the same shape as in the related art, and the winding is wound thick at the end of the coil 2 (that is, the number of winding layers is large). Therefore, even if only the tip of the core 1 penetrates, the inductance is further increased because the magnetic flux of many windings is linked.
- FIGS. 32 (a) to 32 (e) are shown in FIGS. 3OA to 3OD, and the tip of the core 1 is chamfered and rounded.
- FIG. 4 which is a cross-sectional view of the core 1 and the coil 2
- a non-magnetic metal such as copper is deposited on the inner surface of the curved pobin 10 through which the core 1 penetrates, a coating 11 is applied, and the core 1 is caught. Has been lost.
- a conductive material such as a metal
- a part of the side surface of the through hole is formed of sheet metal parts, and the same effect can be exerted if the material has slidability and wear resistance such as fluorine coating. it can.
- the core 1 can be displaced along the side surface of the curved pobin “! 0” by using a foil or a linear body (especially amorphous) as the core 1. This has the effect of improving linearity.
- the magnetic permeability between the end of the core and the other parts is good and the corrosion resistance is excellent.
- a coil of the coil 2 is formed by using a spring coil and the spring coil is inserted into the curved pobin 10, a coil having a uniform pitch in the degree direction can be easily formed.
- the housing is deformed by the winding tension of the coil 2, the curvature is reduced, and the housing is provided with a curvature correcting member 12 for returning the 7 ⁇ curved pobin to its original shape.
- the member 1 2 has a groove formed to have substantially the same curvature as that of the coil 2.
- the inner radius portion of the coil 2 and the bottom surface are curved.
- the curvature of the curved bobbin 10 is reduced by abutting on the curved surface of the curved bobbin 10.
- the curvature correction member 12 of the housing may correct the change in the curvature of the coil by abutting at least a part of the inner radial portion of the coil.
- the eight housings 14 are provided with the curvature correcting member 12, but a similar groove may be formed in the housing 14 itself.
- Such a structure using the curvature correcting member 12 has advantages in another sense.
- the holding / fixing members 16 for holding and fixing outside the vicinity of the flanges at both ends of the coil 2 as shown in FIG.
- the stroke (mechanical displacement) of the core 1 is limited.
- the stroke of the core 1 can be made longer, or the winding of the curved bobbin 10 can be used instead of making the stroke longer.
- the angle of the section can be widened, and these are also effective in improving the linearity.
- the displacement detection device of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 34 to 37 is designed based on the concept of a fail-safe system in consideration of use in an automobile (for example, a position sensor for detecting an accelerator pedal position).
- the coil part of the displacement detection device shown in Fig. 3 is to be doubled.
- Fig. 34 and Fig. 35 two coils 2a and 2b curved with the same curvature are used.
- the two coils 2a, 2b are provided with two cores 1a, 1b that are curved at the same curvature and that penetrate into the two coils 2a, 2b by rotating about the rotation axis of 3.
- the expected angle of the windings of the coils 2 a and 2 b and the mechanical rotation angle of the movable block 13 also increase. Therefore, the range of the rotation angle 0 where the linearity of the impedance Z of each of the coils 2a and 2b is good is widened. Since the specifications of the coils 2a and 2b are the same, the characteristics of the two coils 2a and 2b are almost the same. This is advantageous in terms of winding processing and cost.
- the displacement detection device shown in FIGS. 36 and 37 is a coil 2a curved with a small curvature, a coil 2b curved with a large curvature, and a coil 2a that rotates about the rotation axis of the movable block 13.
- a and 2b are provided with a core 1a bent into a small curvature and penetrated into the cores 1a and 2b with a large curvature. They are arranged on the same rotation angle 0 and on the same plane.
- the expected angles of the windings of the coils 2a and 2b and the mechanical rotation angle of the movable block 13 are also increased, and each of the coils 2a and 2b is increased.
- the range of the rotation angle 0 where the linearity of the impedance Z is good and the rotation angle 0 is widened, and the thickness can be further reduced.
- the coils 2a and 2b and the curved pobins 10a and 10b are integrally molded with the resin 17 before assembly. This prevents ifi wires during vibration and shock during assembly, and the positional relationship between the two coils 2a and 2b does not deviate, causing output fluctuation between the two systems due to positional deviation during assembly. do not do. Further, since the two coils are integrally formed into one part, the positioning with the movable block 13 is easy, and the assembling time is short.
- the configuration of the displacement detection device of the present embodiment is the same as any one of the first to sixth embodiments, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the configuration of the displacement signal Vout output from the signal processing circuit 4 will be described. If the ECU, which is a system that receives and processes signals from the displacement detection device, is a digital circuit, if the displacement signal Vout is an analog signal, An error is generated by repeating the D conversion and the DZA conversion, and there is a delay in response. However, if the displacement signal V out is a digital signal, there is no such problem as an analog signal. Less susceptible to noise. Therefore, an example is shown in which the displacement signal V out output from the signal processing circuit 4 is configured by a digital signal.
- the signal processing circuit 4 includes an AZD conversion circuit that converts the peak value V1 of the output voltage of the coil unit A into a digital signal, and a signal correction circuit that includes a correction circuit that digitally trims the digital signal. ing.
- the displacement signal output from the signal processing circuit is output after the output start signal, a pulse signal output after a time that is mixed with the position information after the output start signal is output, and the output start signal.
- FIGS. 38A and 38B show a first example of the displacement signal Vout output from the signal processing circuit 4, and the displacement signal Vout is a pulse width i of three pulse widths of the reference pulse Vr.
- the ECU can determine the relative position between the core 1 and the coil 2 by measuring the pulse width T 1 of the output start signal and the time T 2 until the pulse signal appears with a timer.
- 39A and 39B show a second example of the displacement signal Vout output by the signal processing circuit 4, wherein the displacement signal Vout has an output start signal having a width corresponding to three pulse widths of the reference pulse Vr.
- the position information output following the output start signal is composed of a pulse signal having a magnifying power.
- the ECU can determine the relative position between the core 1 and the coil 2 by counting the number of pulse signals following the output start signal with a counter.
- FIG. 4 OA and FIG. 4 OB show a third example of the displacement signal V out outputted by the signal processing circuit 4, and the displacement signal V out is composed of a pulse signal having a duty ratio that is mixed with the position information, The on / off time of the duty ratio is determined by the number of reference pulses Vr.
- the ECU can determine the relative position between the core 1 and the coil 2 by measuring the period and the pulse width with a timer.
- the displacement signal Vout may be composed of a pulse signal having a pulse width of 7 according to the position information. If the number of signal lines does not matter, the displacement signal Vout may be composed of digital signals of the number of bits that satisfy the resolution required for position detection. Since the digital signal has the number of bits that satisfies the required resolution, the ECU can read out the data in real time and can perform the processing quickly.
- FIGS. 41 and 42 The cross-sectional structure and circuit configuration of the coil of the displacement greeting device according to the present embodiment are shown in FIGS. 41 and 42, respectively.
- the configuration of the signal processing circuits 4a and 4b is the same as that of any of the first, third, and fourth embodiments.
- the displacement detection device of the present embodiment has a double coil portion of the sensor based on the concept of a fail-safe system in consideration of use in a vehicle.
- the displacement detection device is composed of coils 2a and 2b wound around a hollow pobin 15 and arranged in opposition in the winding axis direction, and a bobbin that is displaced in the winding axis direction X of the coils 2a and 2b.
- I and the two coils 2a and 2b share the same core 1 attached to a structural member (not shown), and the same constant current circuit 3 has a constant current and a predetermined frequency and amplitude.
- the active circuit sections of the constant current circuit 3 and the signal processing circuits 4a and 4b are composed of monolithic ICs, the IC section is the most expensive part, and the cost associated with the concealment of the coil section is reduced. Up can be further reduced.
- specific usage of the displacement detection devices of the first to eighth embodiments will be described.
- the detection angle is as narrow as 30 °
- curved bobbins with the same curvature can be arranged in the same plane, and the impedance of the coil must be complementary. Can be.
- the maximum operating temperature is not so high.
- a stroke that is sufficiently large with respect to the detection angle a portion with good linearity at the center of the stroke can be used even if the material of the core is not so devised.
- the detection angle when used as a throttle position sensor, the detection angle must be as large as 90 ° or more and the mechanical stroke needs to be large, so the curved bobbin shown in Figs. As shown in Figs. 36 and 3, a structure in which curved posbins having different curvatures are arranged in the same angle range in the same plane as shown in Fig. 36 and Fig. 3 is suitable. Because it is limited, it is desirable to select a material that can provide linearity of coil impedance, such as SUS 430, for the core, etc.
- the throttle position sensor is placed in the engine room, It is necessary to select a material that can easily obtain linearity as the core, which requires an upper temperature limit for operation, apply an appropriate bias current to the coil, and minimize the temperature characteristics (temperature coefficient) due to angular displacement. Desirable.
- iron chromium is used as the core material, and an appropriate bias current is applied to the coil. Factor) to minimize it.
- the position sensor for angle detection used for motor-powered bicycles may have only one coil unit from the viewpoint of cost, but the position sensor for angle detection generally used for automobiles has the reliability of a system.
- the coil section may be doubled in order to secure the required height.
- the change in the temperature coefficient of the impedance of the coil portion with respect to the displacement of the core is compensated for by a relatively simple circuit structure. This is especially effective when the constant current circuit is composed of ICs and it is difficult to set constants on the circuit. If a configuration including a feature value extracting means for extracting a feature value (V1) from the output voltage of the coil unit and a level shift circuit for adding a level shift voltage (Vsh) to the feature value is employed, a level shift circuit is used.
- V1 feature value
- Vsh level shift voltage
- the displacement detecting device I of the present invention which has the above-described effect, but also a gear position sensor and a throttle position sensor for an automobile, as well as a position sensor for angle detection used in a bicycle with a motor. It is expected to be used in a wide range of applications, such as position sensors for plants and power plants.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/519,797 US7511477B2 (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2004-04-22 | Displacement detector |
| EP04728946.7A EP1617181A4 (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2004-04-22 | SHIFT DETECTION DEVICE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-117600 | 2003-04-22 | ||
| JP2003117600A JP4135551B2 (ja) | 2002-05-07 | 2003-04-22 | ポジションセンサ |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004099727A1 true WO2004099727A1 (ja) | 2004-11-18 |
Family
ID=33432027
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/005830 Ceased WO2004099727A1 (ja) | 2003-04-22 | 2004-04-22 | 変位検出装置 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7511477B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1617181A4 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100567367B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1333234C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004099727A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100473951C (zh) * | 2005-05-12 | 2009-04-01 | 松下电工株式会社 | 位置传感器 |
| US7598734B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2009-10-06 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd. | Position sensor with a shield member for improving linearity of impedance of the detection coil |
| CN114942036A (zh) * | 2021-02-17 | 2022-08-26 | 三星电机株式会社 | 转动件设备和用于检测转动件的角位置的设备 |
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| JP4960767B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-25 | 2012-06-27 | パナソニック株式会社 | 変位センサ |
| DE112008002534T5 (de) * | 2007-09-20 | 2010-08-26 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd., Kadoma-shi | Detektor für Näherungssensor und Näherungssensor |
| CN101398369A (zh) * | 2007-09-30 | 2009-04-01 | 通用电气公司 | 监测表面腐蚀的设备和方法 |
| JP5058334B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-18 | 2012-10-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 回転角度検出装置 |
| US8196386B2 (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2012-06-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Position sensors, metering valve assemblies, and fuel delivery and control systems |
| JP5824457B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-23 | 2015-11-25 | ピルツ ゲーエムベーハー アンド コー.カーゲー | 運動変数のフェールセーフモニタリングのための安全回路およびモニタリング方法 |
| KR101333403B1 (ko) * | 2010-06-10 | 2013-11-28 | 파나소닉 주식회사 | 포지션 센서 |
| US8478560B2 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2013-07-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Three wire transformer position sensor, signal processing circuitry, and temperature compensation circuitry therefor |
| DE102011102796A1 (de) * | 2011-05-23 | 2012-11-29 | Trw Automotive Electronics & Components Gmbh | Positionssensor, Aktor-Sensor-Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur induktiven Erfassung einer Position |
| JP6403247B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-21 | 2018-10-10 | 新光電機株式会社 | 変位センサ |
| GB201411034D0 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-08-06 | Rolls Royce Power Eng | Sensor |
| GB201411033D0 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-08-06 | Rolls Royce Power Eng | Method of optimising the output of a sensor |
| GB201411032D0 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-08-06 | Rolls Royce Power Eng | Sensor and optimising method therefor |
| FR3049068B1 (fr) * | 2016-03-16 | 2018-04-06 | Senstronic | Dispositif detecteur inductif de facteur 1 |
| CN105957299B (zh) * | 2016-06-07 | 2018-03-20 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种混凝土开裂预警装置及方法 |
| DE102016115624A1 (de) * | 2016-08-23 | 2018-03-01 | Fraba B.V. | Verfahren zum Kalibrieren eines Drehgebers und Drehgeber |
| US10855891B2 (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2020-12-01 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for controlling position of camera module |
| US10554875B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2020-02-04 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for controlling position of camera module using peak detection |
| JP6791033B2 (ja) | 2017-06-16 | 2020-11-25 | 株式会社デンソー | ポジションセンサ |
| GB201712391D0 (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-09-13 | Turner Michael James | Controller for an electromechanical transducer |
| JP6965658B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-25 | 2021-11-10 | オムロン株式会社 | 近接センサ |
| DE102018210704A1 (de) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Wegaufnehmer |
| CN110207738B (zh) * | 2019-06-17 | 2024-03-15 | 沈阳天眼智云信息科技有限公司 | 机械温控器的机电变送结构 |
| KR20220117495A (ko) * | 2021-02-17 | 2022-08-24 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 회전체 장치 및 회전체 각위치 검출 장치 |
| JP7572311B2 (ja) * | 2021-06-18 | 2024-10-23 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | 位置検出装置および位置検出の精度向上方法 |
| CN114440753B (zh) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-11-22 | 电子科技大学 | 一种基于电涡流原理的非接触式位移测量装置 |
| CN119049827B (zh) * | 2024-08-01 | 2026-04-03 | 北京信普尼科技有限公司 | 一种基于恒压源的亥姆霍兹线圈磁场发生方法及相关设备 |
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- 2004-04-22 EP EP04728946.7A patent/EP1617181A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-22 US US10/519,797 patent/US7511477B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-22 CN CNB2004800004420A patent/CN1333234C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-22 WO PCT/JP2004/005830 patent/WO2004099727A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2004-04-22 KR KR1020047021659A patent/KR100567367B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US5107211A (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1992-04-21 | Mitchell Rose | Transducer for measuring rotary displacement of an object |
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| CN100473951C (zh) * | 2005-05-12 | 2009-04-01 | 松下电工株式会社 | 位置传感器 |
| US7598734B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2009-10-06 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd. | Position sensor with a shield member for improving linearity of impedance of the detection coil |
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| EP2244068A2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2010-10-27 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd | Position sensor |
| CN114942036A (zh) * | 2021-02-17 | 2022-08-26 | 三星电机株式会社 | 转动件设备和用于检测转动件的角位置的设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1697964A (zh) | 2005-11-16 |
| KR100567367B1 (ko) | 2006-04-03 |
| EP1617181A4 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
| EP1617181A1 (en) | 2006-01-18 |
| KR20050029135A (ko) | 2005-03-24 |
| CN1333234C (zh) | 2007-08-22 |
| US7511477B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 |
| US20060164075A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
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