WO2004101460A1 - Treatment of expanded plastic particles for ligthweight concrete - Google Patents

Treatment of expanded plastic particles for ligthweight concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004101460A1
WO2004101460A1 PCT/SE2004/000770 SE2004000770W WO2004101460A1 WO 2004101460 A1 WO2004101460 A1 WO 2004101460A1 SE 2004000770 W SE2004000770 W SE 2004000770W WO 2004101460 A1 WO2004101460 A1 WO 2004101460A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ether
plastic particles
expanded plastic
monoalkyl
concrete
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE2004/000770
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Håkan DACKEFJORD
Stefan Tall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EPSCEMENT AB
Original Assignee
EPSCEMENT AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EPSCEMENT AB filed Critical EPSCEMENT AB
Publication of WO2004101460A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004101460A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1018—Coating or impregnating with organic materials
    • C04B20/1022—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for chemical treatment of expanded plastic particles to be mixed into lightweight concrete.
  • shrinkage preventing chemicals for normal concrete are alcohols, glycols, glycolic ethers, and polyethers .
  • expanded plastic particles usually of expanded polystyrene (EPS)
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • the cause for the more complicated mixing process is the low bulk density of the expanded plastic, usually about 15 - 30 kg/m 3 , and that the expanded cellular particles have a hydrophobic surface, while the cement/water mixture is hydrophilic.
  • the mixing process can then be facilitated by the addition of tensides, i.e. chemicals which due to surface activity facilitate the mixing of hydrophobic substances into the hydrophilic environment. Examples of tensides used in this connection are sodium salts of organic sulphates and amines.
  • An attractive way of distributing lightweight concrete with expanded plastic particles and/or light clinkers as lightweight filling is to mix the filling material with dry cement and possible additives, and to pack the mixture in sacks or corresponding means, for distribution through normal distribution channels for construction materials.
  • dry cement is preferably added to the filling ma- terial in a way such that the components are spread evenly in the sack, and remain evenly distributed also during transport and storage.
  • the filling material has to be treated in a way such that an increased and long-time ad- hesion is obtained between cement and filling material, because otherwise the heavier cement would accumulate at the bottom of the sack. If the constituents are not evenly distributed in the sack, it will be more difficult for the final user to obtain a homogenous mixture and it makes it very difficult for the final user to prepare a satisfactory mixture when only part of the ' content in the sack is used.
  • Another way of distributing lightweight concrete with expanded plastic particles and/or lightweight clinker as lightweight filler is to packet the filling material without addition of cement, for distribution through normal distribution channels for construction materials.
  • the user who could be a construction entrepeneur or a private consumer, adds cement and water, alternatively a not yet hardened cement-water-mixtu- re, in order to be able to mix the product into a castable lightweight concrete mass.
  • the supplier of the filling material apply additives to the filling material, such as agents for facilitating the mixing process, for achieving an anti-static effect and/or reducing of the shrinkage during drying.
  • the invention solves with one application of one additive seve- ral problems in the manufacture, distribution, preparation and application of lightweight concrete filled with expanded plastic particles .
  • the same addition can, at the same time, facilitate the mixing process through " the affect of surface activity, reduce the shrinkage of the material during drying as well as, if so desired, bind the cement onto the expanded plastic particles in dry condition.
  • the chemical addition can also give some anti-static effect, which is of specific importance when the expanded plastic particles are distributed packeted without application of cement.
  • the lightweight concrete recirculated expanded plastic is disintegrated, preferably expanded polystyrene, or alternatively the expanded plastic particles are manufactured by expanding virgin plastic, preferably expandable polystyrene.
  • the expanded plastic particles are treated by applicdation of a liquid, on their surfaces, suitably by spraying or a similar process, which liquid comprises a monoalkyl glycol ether.
  • a liquid comprises a monoalkyl glycol ether.
  • the amount of monoalkyl glycol ether should correspond to 0,2 - 20 1/m 3 completed lightweight concrete, preferably 1 - 8 1/m 3 , and should be added in dehydrated form, so that the hardening of the cement is not initiated prematurely (presence of trace amounts of water is acceptable) .
  • the monoalkyl glycol ether chosen for the purpose should be easily soluble in water in order to, after having been applied on the expanded plastic particles, be able to migrate out to the water phase of a cement-water-mixture and there give rise to a shrinkage preventing effect.
  • This chemical should moreover have a balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties in order to have a surface activity effect in the mixture between hydrophobic expanded plastic particles and a cement-water-mixture.
  • Monoalkyl glycol ethers having these properties are mono- and dimers of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, with a free hydroxylic group (-OH) and a propyl (-C 3 H 7 ) or butyl (C 4 H 9 ) group, i.e. isomers of the following substances:

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Abstract

A method for the treatment of expanded plastic particles for admixture in lightweight concrete. The treatment is characterized in that monoethylene glycol monopropyl ether diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, monopropylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, monopropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, isomers or mixtures thereof, corresponding to 0.2 - 20 l/m3 completed lightweight concrete, preferably 1 - 8 l/m3, is applied on the expanded plastic particles, e.g. by spraying. The treatment with chemicals has several functions, whereof the most important ones are to facilitate the mixing of expanded plastic particles, cement and water into a homogenous mass due to the surface activity effect, to reduce the shrinkage of the material during the drying process, and in case the expanded plastic particles are distributed with dry cement applied on their surfaces, also to bind the cement to the expanded plastic particles during transportation and storage.

Description

Treatment of expanded plastic particles for lightweight concrete
The present invention relates to a method for chemical treatment of expanded plastic particles to be mixed into lightweight concrete.
Background of the invention
It has been known for several decades to lower the density of cast concrete by adding expanded plastic particles at some stage of the production, distribution and application of the concrete mass. Sometimes expanded plastic particles are used in combination with other density-lowering additives for concrete, such as lightweight clinker ("leca balls") or air bubbles. This will give a material which at preparation, casting, hardening (i.e. when the the mixture of cement and water in the concrete casting mass "burn") and drying has properties which differ substantially from concrete having as only filler high density ballast (normally sand, crushed stone, etc.). Except obvious differences such as changed mechanical properties and density, it is common that these types of concretes with reduced density (lightweight concrete) have a greater shrinkage in the material at the hardening and/or drying. Another common difference is that when preparing lightweight concrete it is more difficult to obtain a homogenous mass when mixing.
Greater shrinking in the material is of a special practical importance at the manufacture of in situ cast concrete (i.e. when the casting is done directly on the spot where the concrete is intended to be permanently applied) , in contrast to prefabrica- ted concrete elements, where there is often a possibility to compensate for shrinking by using casting moulds with correspondingly larger dimensions compared to the desired dimensions of the final product. Shrinking is often also an important problem when casting of normal concrete (i.e. concrete with sand, crushed stone, etc., as ballast and a density of about 2300 kg/m3) . A common method for reducing shrinkage in the material during drying is to reduce the amount of water added to the concrete mixture. This often demands an additive, a "plasti- ciser" or superplasticiser", which compensates for the reduced workability of the concrete casting mass at lower water content. In an alternative method a shrinkage preventing chemical is added. Examples of shrinkage preventing chemicals for normal concrete are alcohols, glycols, glycolic ethers, and polyethers .
A more important difficulty appears especially when, during manufacture, the lightweight concrete is mixed into a homogenous mass using expanded plastic particles, usually of expanded polystyrene (EPS), as lightweight filler. The cause for the more complicated mixing process is the low bulk density of the expanded plastic, usually about 15 - 30 kg/m3, and that the expanded cellular particles have a hydrophobic surface, while the cement/water mixture is hydrophilic. The mixing process can then be facilitated by the addition of tensides, i.e. chemicals which due to surface activity facilitate the mixing of hydrophobic substances into the hydrophilic environment. Examples of tensides used in this connection are sodium salts of organic sulphates and amines.
An attractive way of distributing lightweight concrete with expanded plastic particles and/or light clinkers as lightweight filling is to mix the filling material with dry cement and possible additives, and to pack the mixture in sacks or corresponding means, for distribution through normal distribution channels for construction materials. When to be used, the user, who could a construction entrepeneur or a private consumer, only has to add water in order to be able to mix the product to a castable lightweight concrete mass. When using this distribution method, the dry cement is preferably added to the filling ma- terial in a way such that the components are spread evenly in the sack, and remain evenly distributed also during transport and storage. In order to achieve this, the filling material has to be treated in a way such that an increased and long-time ad- hesion is obtained between cement and filling material, because otherwise the heavier cement would accumulate at the bottom of the sack. If the constituents are not evenly distributed in the sack, it will be more difficult for the final user to obtain a homogenous mixture and it makes it very difficult for the final user to prepare a satisfactory mixture when only part of the' content in the sack is used.
Another way of distributing lightweight concrete with expanded plastic particles and/or lightweight clinker as lightweight filler is to packet the filling material without addition of cement, for distribution through normal distribution channels for construction materials. When using it, the user, who could be a construction entrepeneur or a private consumer, adds cement and water, alternatively a not yet hardened cement-water-mixtu- re, in order to be able to mix the product into a castable lightweight concrete mass. As one way of facilitating for the end user, in this form of distribution the supplier of the filling material apply additives to the filling material, such as agents for facilitating the mixing process, for achieving an anti-static effect and/or reducing of the shrinkage during drying.
Summary of the Invention
The invention solves with one application of one additive seve- ral problems in the manufacture, distribution, preparation and application of lightweight concrete filled with expanded plastic particles .
With the aid of the type of chemical addition which is defined according to the invention (below) the same addition can, at the same time, facilitate the mixing process through" the affect of surface activity, reduce the shrinkage of the material during drying as well as, if so desired, bind the cement onto the expanded plastic particles in dry condition. The chemical addition can also give some anti-static effect, which is of specific importance when the expanded plastic particles are distributed packeted without application of cement.
Detailed description of a preferred embodiment
In order to manufacture the lightweight concrete recirculated expanded plastic is disintegrated, preferably expanded polystyrene, or alternatively the expanded plastic particles are manufactured by expanding virgin plastic, preferably expandable polystyrene.
The expanded plastic particles are treated by applicdation of a liquid, on their surfaces, suitably by spraying or a similar process, which liquid comprises a monoalkyl glycol ether. The amount of monoalkyl glycol ether should correspond to 0,2 - 20 1/m3 completed lightweight concrete, preferably 1 - 8 1/m3, and should be added in dehydrated form, so that the hardening of the cement is not initiated prematurely (presence of trace amounts of water is acceptable) .
After the treatment of the expanded plastic particles with the monoalkyl glycol ether, dry cement is applied in order to obtain a product which can be distributed in a not-hardened condition, where the end user only needs to add water in order to be able to mix a castable lightweight concrete mass. Alternatively the treated expanded plastic particles are distributed separately, whereby the end user adds both cement and water at the use.
The monoalkyl glycol ether chosen for the purpose should be easily soluble in water in order to, after having been applied on the expanded plastic particles, be able to migrate out to the water phase of a cement-water-mixture and there give rise to a shrinkage preventing effect. This chemical should moreover have a balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties in order to have a surface activity effect in the mixture between hydrophobic expanded plastic particles and a cement-water-mixture. Monoalkyl glycol ethers having these properties are mono- and dimers of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, with a free hydroxylic group (-OH) and a propyl (-C3H7) or butyl (C4H9) group, i.e. isomers of the following substances:
monoethylene glycol monopropyl ether diethylene glycol monopropyl ether monopropylene glycol monopropyl ether dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether diethylene glycol monobutyl ether monopropylene glycol monobutyl ether dipropylenee glycol monobutyl ether.

Claims

Claims
1. A method for the preparation of lightweight concrete, wherein the density of the concrete is reduced to the interval 150-1000 kg/m3 by admixture of expanded plastic particles, characterized in that the expanded plastic particles are treated with an agent mainly consisting of a monoalkyl glycol ether or a mixture of monoalkyl glycol ethers.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the monoalkyl glycol ether or the monoalkyl glycol ether mixture is monoethylene glycol monopropyl ether, or isomers or mixtures thereof.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the monoalkyl glycol ether or the monoalkyl glycol ether mixture is diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, or isomers or mixtures thereof.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the monoalkyl glycol ether or the monoalkyl glycol ether mixture is monopropylene glycol monopropyl ether, or isomers or mixtures thereof.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the monoalkyl glycol ether or the monoalkyl glycol ether mixture is dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, or isomers or mixtures thereof.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the monoalkyl glycol ether or the monoalkyl glycol ether mixture is monoethylene glycol monobutyl ether, or isomers or mixtures thereof.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the monoalkyl glycol ether or the monoalkyl glycol ether mixture is diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, or isomers or mixtures thereof.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the monoalkyl glycol ether or the monoalkyl glycol ether mixture is monopropylene glycol monobutyl ether, or isomers or mixtures thereof.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the monoalkyl glycol ether or the monoalkyl glycol ether mixture is dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, or isomers or mixtures thereof.
PCT/SE2004/000770 2003-05-19 2004-05-18 Treatment of expanded plastic particles for ligthweight concrete Ceased WO2004101460A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0301427-1 2003-05-19
SE0301427A SE525216C2 (en) 2003-05-19 2003-05-19 Treatment of cellular plastic particles for lightweight concrete

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004101460A1 true WO2004101460A1 (en) 2004-11-25

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1978207A2 (en) 2007-04-02 2008-10-08 Skumtech AS Fire protection for structures
DE102008028147A1 (en) 2008-06-14 2009-12-17 Skumtech As Mine comprises hollow chambers, shaft linings, lines, extensions, built-in units and transport units having wall surfaces completely or partly covered with a heat insulation

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0295628A2 (en) * 1987-06-17 1988-12-21 Aqualon Company 3-Alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl derivatives of cellulose and use thereof in building compositions
US5262452A (en) * 1992-09-04 1993-11-16 Basf Corp. Oil well cementing formulations
WO2000006515A1 (en) * 1998-07-29 2000-02-10 Holderbank Financiere Glarus Ag Additive for compensating for the shrinkage of mortar or concrete

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0295628A2 (en) * 1987-06-17 1988-12-21 Aqualon Company 3-Alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl derivatives of cellulose and use thereof in building compositions
US5262452A (en) * 1992-09-04 1993-11-16 Basf Corp. Oil well cementing formulations
WO2000006515A1 (en) * 1998-07-29 2000-02-10 Holderbank Financiere Glarus Ag Additive for compensating for the shrinkage of mortar or concrete

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1978207A2 (en) 2007-04-02 2008-10-08 Skumtech AS Fire protection for structures
DE102008012084A1 (en) 2007-04-02 2008-10-09 Skumtech As Fire protection for buildings, particularly for underground areas such as tunnels and lugs in fixed rock mass, has sealing against water, particularly in form of foil, and has anchors
DE102008028147A1 (en) 2008-06-14 2009-12-17 Skumtech As Mine comprises hollow chambers, shaft linings, lines, extensions, built-in units and transport units having wall surfaces completely or partly covered with a heat insulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0301427D0 (en) 2003-05-19
SE0301427L (en) 2004-11-20
SE525216C2 (en) 2004-12-28

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