WO2004105058A1 - Procede de fabrication d'une gaine electriquement isolante et mecaniquement structurante sur un conducteur electrique. - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'une gaine electriquement isolante et mecaniquement structurante sur un conducteur electrique. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004105058A1 WO2004105058A1 PCT/FR2004/050200 FR2004050200W WO2004105058A1 WO 2004105058 A1 WO2004105058 A1 WO 2004105058A1 FR 2004050200 W FR2004050200 W FR 2004050200W WO 2004105058 A1 WO2004105058 A1 WO 2004105058A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- conductor
- precursor
- heat treatment
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
- H01B13/16—Insulating conductors or cables by passing through or dipping in a liquid bath; by spraying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0016—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an electrically insulating and mechanically structuring sheath on an electrical conductor.
- the invention makes it possible to obtain an electrically insulated conductor, usable in a wide range of temperatures and more particularly at very low temperatures, less than or equal to 4.2K, corresponding to the field of operation of the superconductive magnets which are used for generate strong magnetic fields.
- the invention thus applies in particular to the manufacture of such superconductive magnets.
- Superconductive electromagnets are already known, made from alloys of the Nb 3 Sn type. Such alloys are capable of producing intense magnetic fields, up to 24 teslas, which gives them a definite advantage over NbTi type alloys, usually used in such electromagnets.
- Nb 3 Sn the characteristics of Nb 3 Sn make it difficult to use because, unlike NbTi which is a very ductile and easily extrudable alloy, it is difficult to manufacture multi-filamentary compounds of Nb 3 Sn.
- Nb 3 Sn is a polycrystalline intermetallic material which, to be formed, must undergo a long heat treatment of up to 3 weeks at temperatures from 600 ° C to 720 ° C in an inert atmosphere, once treated, it becomes brittle and its superconductive properties are very sensitive to any mechanical deformation.
- the implementation of the electrical insulation of the cable is particularly delicate because, for this insulation, it is difficult to use a conventional material, of organic type. Indeed, such a material does not withstand heat treatment during which the temperature exceeds 600 ° C.
- This document discloses a process for manufacturing an electrically insulating and mechanically structuring sheath on an electrical conductor and proposes the use of a gelled solution, containing an organic binder, for depositing a ceramic precursor either directly on the conductor. to be insulated either on a tape used to surround this conductor.
- This document describes a process for covering superconductors with an electrical insulator.
- this process also uses a sol-gel solution requiring oxides and organic solvents, namely isopropanol and cetyl acetone, to form the ceramic precursor.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy the above drawbacks.
- no organic binder is used and the suspension used for the formation of the ceramic precursor is not a gel but a fluid solution without any organic element.
- the subject of the present invention is a method of manufacturing an electrically insulating and mechanically structuring sheath on an electrical conductor, in particular a non-superconductive metal conductor, a superconductive metal conductor or a superconductor precursor conductor, this process being characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
- this ceramic precursor being a liquid constituted by a solution comprising water, glass frit and a clay in suspension in water, without any organic element,
- this heat treatment being able to form the ceramic from the ceramic precursor.
- the clay is chosen from the group of smectites and, from this group, montmorillonite is preferably chosen.
- the solution comprises, in percentage by mass, 35% to 50% of water, 8% to 15% of clay and 35% to 55% of glass frit.
- the conductor is a precursor of a superconductor, in particular Nb 3 Sn, and an overall heat treatment is carried out on this conductor provided with the coating, this overall heat treatment being able to form the superconductor and the ceramic.
- the conductor is either made of non-superconductive metal or of superconductive metal and a heat treatment of this conductor provided with the coating is carried out, this heat treatment being able to form the ceramic.
- the step of forming the coating comprises a step of depositing the ceramic precursor on a fiber ribbon and then a step of placing the ribbon provided with the ceramic precursor around the conductor.
- the ribbon is coated with the ceramic precursor and the fibers can be made of a material chosen from type E glass, type C glass, type R glass, type S2 glass. , pure silica, an alumina and an aluminosilicate.
- the fiber ribbon is previously desensed, for example thermally or chemically.
- the conductor provided with the coating is shaped before the heat treatment step capable of forming the ceramic.
- the conductor it is possible, for example, to wind this conductor (provided with the coating), before the heat treatment step capable of forming the ceramic.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates steps of a particular mode of implementation of the method which is the subject of the invention
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a particular application of the invention
- the electrical insulation technique proposed in the present invention makes it possible to deposit a ceramic cladding on an unreacted conductive cable (made of a precursor of Nb 3 Sn), before the shaping of a coil of superconductive magnet.
- the ceramic cladding will react simultaneously during the thermal cycle necessary for the formation of the superconductor Nb 3 Sn and will thus contribute to the electrical insulation and to the mechanical cohesion of the coil (structuring function).
- the phases of preparation of the ceramic precursor, preparation of the ceramic sheath (by coating with a ribbon of glass fibers for example) and sheathing of the conductive cable (covering) are distinct.
- the ceramic sheathing of the conductor must have certain properties to guarantee the proper functioning of the superconductive cable which will ultimately be formed. This cladding must:
- the solution used in the invention for the formation of this precursor has no organic component, in particular of the binder type, to avoid the formation of carbonaceous residues which are known to be harmful to good electrical insulation.
- This solution is preferably a ternary mixture of a montmorillonite type clay, glass and water frit which form a ceramic suspension.
- the montmorillonite used is produced by the company Arvel SA under the trade name Expans.
- This clay makes it possible to give the necessary plasticity to the impregnated tape which will be used when wrapping the conductive cable (made of a precursor of the Nb 3 Sn alloy). In addition, it allows bending radii of the order of 2mm for the sheathing tape.
- the glass frit used is manufactured by the company Johnson & Mattey, under the reference 2495F. Its melting point is 538 ° C.
- the glass frit is a fusible element which contributes to the cohesion of the ceramic insulation after the heat treatment.
- Water is used to adjust the viscosity of the suspension.
- the clay and the glass frit are heated at 100 ° C for 12 hours in an oven to remove any traces of moisture. Then the two powders of clay and glass frit are ground separately until a particle size of less than 20 ⁇ m is reached. The glass frit is then mixed with water with a magnetic stirrer.
- the solution resulting from this mixture is then subjected to the effects of an ultrasonic cannon of the Bioblock Scientific brand, model Vibracell 72412, used at a power of 300 watts.
- the purpose of this treatment is to break any aggregates of particles.
- the clay is then incorporated by successive additions, which facilitates the mixing of the whole, then the suspension obtained is again treated using the ultrasonic gun in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
- This suspension is then agitated. To do this, in the example described, it is placed on a roller agitator for 12 hours, in a polyethylene bottle containing about twenty porcelain balls with a diameter of 20 mm. Thanks to this stirring technique, a good homogenization of the solution is obtained and the suspension is given a fluid appearance. In practice, the agitation breaks the gelling process noted previously.
- the reduced viscosity of the mixture is necessary for good impregnation of the glass fiber ribbon which will be used for the sheathing of the conductor.
- a volume of approximately 600 milliliters of mixture is made up for each preparation.
- the mass percentages can vary within the intervals given below (the sum of the percentages must of course be equal to 100% for a given ceramic precursor):
- the ceramic sheath consists of a ribbon of glass fibers which is impregnated with the ceramic suspension described above.
- the fibers of this ribbon can be of glass type E, C, R or S2. These fibers can just as easily be made of pure silica, alumina or aluminosilicate.
- the ribbon Before being impregnated, the ribbon undergoes a heat treatment - it is maintained at 350 ° C for 12 hours - to remove the organic size of the fibers of which it is made. This size is indeed detrimental to good coating of the fibers by the ceramic suspension and constitutes a source of carbon elements, capable of reducing the insulating properties of the ceramic.
- the coating of the glass fiber tape with the ceramic solution is carried out using an impregnation bench which is schematically represented in FIG. 1.
- the desensitized ribbon in the form of a roll 2, is fixed to a brake system 4 which makes it possible to unwind the ribbon while keeping a constant tension.
- Pulleys 6 guide the ribbon through the various components of the impregnation bench. The direction of movement is indicated by the arrow F.
- the ribbon passes through an impregnation tank 8 containing the ceramic suspension 10.
- the latter is kept under stirring, by means of a magnetic stirrer 12, during the impregnation phase of the ribbon, in order to preserve the homogeneity of the latter and avoid sedimentation problems.
- the tape 2 passes through a system of scrapers 14 which makes it possible to limit the thickness of the ceramic deposit 16 formed on the tape (due to its passage in the ceramic suspension).
- a drying column 18, heated to 150 ° C., allows the complete evaporation of the water from the ceramic solution deposited on the tape.
- the sheath in ceramic precursor, is completely dry. She is packaged in the form of a roller 20, thanks to a motor 22 which maintains a constant running speed of 20 cm per minute.
- the Rutherford cables have an approximately trapezoidal section and consist of 36 conductive strands which are twisted together and made, finally, of Nb 3 Sn in the example.
- These strands are distributed so as to form a flat conductor with two layers, the cross section of which has the following approximate dimensions: 1.3 mm for the short side, 1.6 mm for the long side and 15.1 mm for the width. .
- the ceramic cladding consisting of glass fiber ribbon impregnated with the ceramic precursor, is wrapped around the Rutherford conductive cable (formed of the precursor of Nb 3 Sn), in two layers offset by half a width, as is see in Figure 2.
- references 24, 26, 28 and 30 respectively represent the cable (before the treatment intended to form Nb 3 Sn), the strands of the cable, the first layer of the ribbon and the second layer of the ribbon. For each of these layers, the edge of one turn of tape is against the edge of the adjacent turn. In addition, the first layer 28 is put in place the first on the cable and the second layer 30 makes it possible to ensure the continuity of the electrical insulation, as seen in FIG. 2.
- this cable After covering the conductive cable by means of the two ceramic sheathing layers 28 and 30, this cable is put in the form of coils according to means known in the prior art. Then the windings thus obtained from the conductive cable, consisting of the precursor covered with the ceramic sheath, are subjected to a heat treatment under a neutral gas such as argon.
- a neutral gas such as argon
- This treatment includes a slow rise in temperature, at a speed close to 6 ° C per hour, up to the temperature of 660 ° C, then a plateau at 660 ° C for 240 hours, then a slow cooling down to the temperature ambient (20 ° C to 23 ° C) in the enclosure of the treatment oven.
- This treatment allows the reaction of the precursor cable and the production of an Nb 3 Sn superconductive material having the desired properties.
- the glass frit used in the example of the invention has a melting point of 540 ° C. It therefore melts during the heat treatment necessary for the formation of the Nb 3 Sn superconductor (during which the temperature is maintained at 660 ° C.) and thus provides, after cooling to room temperature, the electrical insulation and mechanical cohesion necessary for applications of the invention, such as the formation of superconductive coils.
- each coil is cooled to the temperature of liquid helium (4.2K at atmospheric pressure) or to that of superfluid helium (temperature below 2.1 under reduced pressure) to make the Nb 3 Sn alloy superconducting making up the conductor from which the winding cable is formed.
- any other clay from the group of smectites can be used.
- the invention can be implemented with other conductors than a precursor of Nb 3 Sn, for example:
- a precursor of a superconductor based on copper oxide such as YBa 2 Cu 3 ⁇ 7, Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 0 2 or
- any conductor including a superconductor supporting the heat treatment which is subjected to the ceramic precursor.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 represent the flow curves for two ceramic suspensions having different compositions: FIG. 3 corresponds to a first composition and FIG. 4 to a second composition, different from the first.
- Each of these flow curves represents the variations in the stress ⁇ (expressed in Pa) as a function of the shear rate ⁇ (expressed in s -1 ).
- the low speed circulation of the glass ribbon in the ceramic suspension creates low shear speeds.
- the experimental conditions are such that the rheological behavior corresponding to the start of the flow curves.
- composition of the two suspensions is given in Table I below.
- the clay used for the two suspensions is montmorillonite marketed by Arvel SA under the name Expans.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE602004002867T DE602004002867T2 (de) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer elektrisch isolierenden und mechanisch strukturierenden mantelung auf einem elektrischen leiter |
| JP2006530442A JP2007510257A (ja) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-18 | 電気絶縁性及び機械的構造の外装を導電体上に製造する方法 |
| EP04767829A EP1625598B1 (fr) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-18 | Procede de fabrication d'une gaine electriquement isolante et mecaniquement structurante sur un conducteur electrique. |
| US10/557,407 US20070042910A1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-18 | Method of manufacturing an electrically insulating and mechanically structuring sheath on an electrical condutor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR03/50158 | 2003-05-19 | ||
| FR0350158A FR2855313A1 (fr) | 2003-05-19 | 2003-05-19 | Procede de fabrication d'une gaine electriquement isolante et mecaniquement structurante sur un conducteur electrique. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004105058A1 true WO2004105058A1 (fr) | 2004-12-02 |
Family
ID=33396869
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2004/050200 Ceased WO2004105058A1 (fr) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-18 | Procede de fabrication d'une gaine electriquement isolante et mecaniquement structurante sur un conducteur electrique. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070042910A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1625598B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2007510257A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1791949A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE343212T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE602004002867T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2273285T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2855313A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004105058A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7330341B2 (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2008-02-12 | Bruker Biospin Gmbh | Superconducting magnet coil system with quench protection |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100945195B1 (ko) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-03-03 | 한국전기연구원 | 러더퍼드 케이블을 이용한 전류리드 |
| DE102014207373A1 (de) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Spulenwicklung mit einem zweifach zusammenhängenden Bandleiter |
| CN109509590A (zh) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-03-22 | 上海申远高温线有限公司 | 一种硅橡胶电缆湿法涂滑石粉的专用装置 |
| CN114446536A (zh) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-06 | 福建师范大学 | 一种改进的制备Nb3Al超导长线材的方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4342814A (en) * | 1978-12-12 | 1982-08-03 | The Fujikura Cable Works, Ltd. | Heat-resistant electrically insulated wires and a method for preparing the same |
| US5246729A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1993-09-21 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Method of coating superconductors with inorganic insulation |
| EP0739868A1 (fr) * | 1995-04-24 | 1996-10-30 | Rohm And Haas Company | Méthode pour produire par extrusion des éléments à partir de matériaux inorganiques |
| US6387852B1 (en) * | 1997-04-14 | 2002-05-14 | Florida State University | Method of applying high temperature compatible insulation to superconductors |
| US20030017950A1 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2003-01-23 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Manufacturing process for an electrically insulating and mechanically structuring sheath on an electric conductor |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3298936A (en) * | 1961-04-17 | 1967-01-17 | North American Aviation Inc | Method of providing high temperature protective coatings |
| US3352009A (en) * | 1962-12-05 | 1967-11-14 | Secon Metals Corp | Process of producing high temperature resistant insulated wire, such wire and coils made therefrom |
| EP0044144B1 (fr) * | 1980-07-15 | 1985-01-30 | Imi Kynoch Limited | Isolation flexible pour fil filamentaire intermétallique supraconducteur |
| US5587226A (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1996-12-24 | Regents, University Of California | Porcelain-coated antenna for radio-frequency driven plasma source |
-
2003
- 2003-05-19 FR FR0350158A patent/FR2855313A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-05-18 EP EP04767829A patent/EP1625598B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-18 ES ES04767829T patent/ES2273285T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-18 WO PCT/FR2004/050200 patent/WO2004105058A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2004-05-18 CN CN200480013805.4A patent/CN1791949A/zh active Pending
- 2004-05-18 DE DE602004002867T patent/DE602004002867T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-18 US US10/557,407 patent/US20070042910A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-18 JP JP2006530442A patent/JP2007510257A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-18 AT AT04767829T patent/ATE343212T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4342814A (en) * | 1978-12-12 | 1982-08-03 | The Fujikura Cable Works, Ltd. | Heat-resistant electrically insulated wires and a method for preparing the same |
| US5246729A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1993-09-21 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Method of coating superconductors with inorganic insulation |
| EP0739868A1 (fr) * | 1995-04-24 | 1996-10-30 | Rohm And Haas Company | Méthode pour produire par extrusion des éléments à partir de matériaux inorganiques |
| US6387852B1 (en) * | 1997-04-14 | 2002-05-14 | Florida State University | Method of applying high temperature compatible insulation to superconductors |
| US20030017950A1 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2003-01-23 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Manufacturing process for an electrically insulating and mechanically structuring sheath on an electric conductor |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7330341B2 (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2008-02-12 | Bruker Biospin Gmbh | Superconducting magnet coil system with quench protection |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE602004002867D1 (de) | 2006-11-30 |
| EP1625598B1 (fr) | 2006-10-18 |
| JP2007510257A (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
| ATE343212T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
| US20070042910A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| FR2855313A1 (fr) | 2004-11-26 |
| EP1625598A1 (fr) | 2006-02-15 |
| ES2273285T3 (es) | 2007-05-01 |
| CN1791949A (zh) | 2006-06-21 |
| DE602004002867T2 (de) | 2007-05-10 |
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