WO2005007784A1 - Processing of kerosene - Google Patents
Processing of kerosene Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005007784A1 WO2005007784A1 PCT/GB2004/003011 GB2004003011W WO2005007784A1 WO 2005007784 A1 WO2005007784 A1 WO 2005007784A1 GB 2004003011 W GB2004003011 W GB 2004003011W WO 2005007784 A1 WO2005007784 A1 WO 2005007784A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- kerosene
- polymer
- composition according
- alkene
- molecular weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L7/00—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels
- C10L7/02—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels
Definitions
- Kerosene typically has a boiling point in the range 180 - 230°C.
- kerosene are used extensively as lamp oils but are also used absorbed on charcoal as a fuel for lighting barbecues. Traditionally, these preparations have been formulated with added colouring and/or fragrance components essentially to deodorise or mask the characteristic hydrocarbon smell.
- kerosene for most purposes is not generally susceptible to being successfully thickened.
- a method of thickening liquid hydrocarbons comprises mixing the hydrocarbon with an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid fo ⁇ n to yield a thickened homogenous solution.
- a composition of matter comprises a thickened homogenous solution of an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid form dissolved in a liquid hydrocarbon.
- the product of the invention may be used as a lamp oil but may also be applied to charcoal for use as a lighting fuel for barbecues, for which it is superior to unthickened hydrocarbon fuels as such in providing better adhesion and absorption of fuel onto the charcoal and also in providing enhanced burning times and burn rates.
- Additive materials for the deodorising, colouring and/or enhancement of the product perception may be mixed with the inventive composition while still remaining with the terms of the lamp oil directive.
- the liquid hydrocarbon comprises commercial kerosene having a boiling point in the range 180 - 230°C, preferably a low odour kerosene having a flashpoint greater than or equal to 62°C, typically 63 to 68°C.
- the polyolefin polymer may be a medium or high molecular weight polymer of an alkene, preferably a branched chain alkene such as polyisobutylene. In polymerisation of such polymers, the olefinic unsaturation is removed except at the terminal moieties.
- the preferred molecular weight is in the region of 1.4 to 2.0, (viscosity average xl0 " 6), a suitable polymer being commercially available under the trade name 'Vistanex', such as 'Vistanex MML-120'.
- a suitable polymer being commercially available under the trade name 'Vistanex', such as 'Vistanex MML-120'.
- Such compounds which are generally used as plasticisers, resemble uncured natural and synthetic rubbers in their physical properties and, when mixed with a hydrocarbon solvent according to the present invention, the polymer initially swells in volume as it appears to imbibe the solvent.
- the polymer is ground to form granules or particles before being added to the solvent, the individual granules or particles thereof eventually breaking up and becoming dissolved and homogenous in the solvent. The higher is the surface area to volume ratio of the granules or particles, the faster will be the rate of dissolution.
- a thickened kerosene formulation contains the following ingredients: Material %WA ⁇ Low Odour Kerosene 90 - ⁇ 100 typically 95 Polyolefin polymer (Vistanex Up to 5 typically 2.5 MML-120) Fragrance material (optional) Up to 5 typically 2.5
- Such a formulation has the following properties: Density 0.75 - 0.80 gm/ml @ 20°C typically 0.78 gm/ml Flash point 62 - 66°C typically 63 - 65°C
- the formulation can be used as a lamp oil.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A method of thickening liquid hydrocarbons comprises mixing the hydrocarbon with an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid form to yield a thickened homogenous solution. The hydrocarbon is preferably kerosene and the polymer may be a 'Vistanex' polymer. The product may be used as a lamp oil but may also be applied to charcoal for use as a lighting fuel for barbecues.
Description
PROCESSING OF KEROSENE
This invention relates to the processing of kerosene, a complex liquid hydrocarbon fuel oil, originally distilled from coal, bitumen and/or petroleum. Kerosene typically has a boiling point in the range 180 - 230°C.
Certain forms of kerosene are used extensively as lamp oils but are also used absorbed on charcoal as a fuel for lighting barbecues. Traditionally, these preparations have been formulated with added colouring and/or fragrance components essentially to deodorise or mask the characteristic hydrocarbon smell.
A recent European Union Directive relating to the sale of lamp oils seeks to prohibit the colouring and/or fragrancing of these oils
It is an object of the present invention to provide a means of thickening kerosene and other hydrocarbon solvents with a view to permitting the presence of additives and preferably to enhance the perception and performance of the hydrocarbon as a fuel. However, kerosene for most purposes is not generally susceptible to being successfully thickened.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of thickening liquid hydrocarbons comprises mixing the hydrocarbon with an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid foπn to yield a thickened homogenous solution.
According to another aspect of the invention, a composition of matter comprises a thickened homogenous solution of an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid form dissolved in a liquid hydrocarbon.
The product of the invention, that is, either the composition of matter or the product of the method, may be used as a lamp oil but may also be applied to charcoal for use as a lighting fuel for barbecues, for which it is superior to unthickened hydrocarbon fuels as such in providing better adhesion and absorption of fuel onto the charcoal and also in providing enhanced burning times and burn rates. Additive materials for the deodorising, colouring
and/or enhancement of the product perception may be mixed with the inventive composition while still remaining with the terms of the lamp oil directive.
For most purposes, the liquid hydrocarbon comprises commercial kerosene having a boiling point in the range 180 - 230°C, preferably a low odour kerosene having a flashpoint greater than or equal to 62°C, typically 63 to 68°C. The polyolefin polymer may be a medium or high molecular weight polymer of an alkene, preferably a branched chain alkene such as polyisobutylene. In polymerisation of such polymers, the olefinic unsaturation is removed except at the terminal moieties. The preferred molecular weight is in the region of 1.4 to 2.0, (viscosity average xl0"6), a suitable polymer being commercially available under the trade name 'Vistanex', such as 'Vistanex MML-120'. Such compounds, which are generally used as plasticisers, resemble uncured natural and synthetic rubbers in their physical properties and, when mixed with a hydrocarbon solvent according to the present invention, the polymer initially swells in volume as it appears to imbibe the solvent. Preferably, the polymer is ground to form granules or particles before being added to the solvent, the individual granules or particles thereof eventually breaking up and becoming dissolved and homogenous in the solvent. The higher is the surface area to volume ratio of the granules or particles, the faster will be the rate of dissolution.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example.
Example
A thickened kerosene formulation contains the following ingredients: Material %WA¥ Low Odour Kerosene 90 - < 100 typically 95 Polyolefin polymer (Vistanex Up to 5 typically 2.5 MML-120) Fragrance material (optional) Up to 5 typically 2.5
Such a formulation has the following properties: Density 0.75 - 0.80 gm/ml @ 20°C typically 0.78 gm/ml Flash point 62 - 66°C typically 63 - 65°C
The formulation can be used as a lamp oil.
Claims
1. A method of thickening liquid hydrocarbons, the method comprising mixing the hydrocarbon with an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid form to yield a thickened homogenous solution.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which the liquid hydrocarbon comprises commercial kerosene.
3. A method according to claim 2, in which the kerosene comprises a low odour kerosene having a flashpoint greater than or equal to 62°C.
4. A method according to any preceding claim, in which the polyolefin polymer comprises a medium or high molecular weight polymer of an alkene.
5. A method according to claim 4, in which the alkene comprises a branched chain alkene.
6. A method according to any preceding claim, in which the polymer has a molecular weight in the range 1.4 to 2.0 xlO6.
7. A composition of matter comprising a thickened homogenous solution of an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid form dissolved in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel oil.
8: A composition according to claim 7, in which the fuel oil comprises kerosene.
9. A composition according to claim 8, in which the kerosene comprise commercial kerosene.
10. A composition according to any of claims 7 to 9, in which the polyolefin polymer a medium or high molecular weight polymer of an alkene.
11. A composition according to claim 10, in which the alkene comprises a branched chain alkene.
12. A composition according to any of claim 7 to 11, in which the polymer has a molecular weight in the range 1.4 to 2.0 xlO6.
13. A composition according to any of claims 7 to 12 for use as a lamp oil.
14. A composition according to any of claim 7 to 12 for use as a barbecue lighting fuel.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK04743352.9T DK1678281T3 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | Processing of petroleum for use as lamp oil and barbecue lighter fluid |
| US10/564,192 US20070038006A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | Processing of kerosene |
| AT04743352T ATE446354T1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | PROCESSING OF KEROSINE FOR USE AS LAMP OIL AND GRILLED LIGHTER |
| DE602004023745T DE602004023745D1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | PROCESSING OF KEROSINE FOR USE AS LAMP OIL AND GRILLANDZÜNDER |
| CA2572145A CA2572145C (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | Processing of kerosene |
| EP04743352A EP1678281B1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | Processing of kerosene for use as a lamp oil and barbeque lighting fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0316301.1 | 2003-07-11 | ||
| GBGB0316301.1A GB0316301D0 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2003-07-11 | Processing of kerosene |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005007784A1 true WO2005007784A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
Family
ID=27742029
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2004/003011 Ceased WO2005007784A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | Processing of kerosene |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070038006A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1678281B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE446354T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2572145C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602004023745D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1678281T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2335212T3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB0316301D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005007784A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1894985A1 (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2008-03-05 | Total Deutschland GmbH | Fire lighter fluid |
| EP2738240A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-04 | Schepers Handels- en domeinnamen B.V. | Use of a Gas-to-Liquids gas oil in a lamp oil composition or fire lighter |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3232720A (en) * | 1962-03-15 | 1966-02-01 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Solid product containing normally liquid hydrocarbon and normally solid polyolefin |
| US3460922A (en) * | 1967-01-09 | 1969-08-12 | Tenneco Chem | Method of producing gelled hydrocarbons employing polyurethanes |
| US3795556A (en) * | 1964-04-23 | 1974-03-05 | Us Navy | Gelled gasoline incendiary compositions containing triethyl aluminum and a metal |
| US3821043A (en) * | 1966-09-02 | 1974-06-28 | Us Navy | Hydrazine gel composition |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2771458A (en) * | 1953-01-05 | 1956-11-20 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Solutions of rubbery polymers from particles of uniform diameter |
-
2003
- 2003-07-11 GB GBGB0316301.1A patent/GB0316301D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-07-12 WO PCT/GB2004/003011 patent/WO2005007784A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-12 AT AT04743352T patent/ATE446354T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-12 DK DK04743352.9T patent/DK1678281T3/en active
- 2004-07-12 EP EP04743352A patent/EP1678281B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-12 ES ES04743352T patent/ES2335212T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-12 CA CA2572145A patent/CA2572145C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-12 US US10/564,192 patent/US20070038006A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-12 DE DE602004023745T patent/DE602004023745D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3232720A (en) * | 1962-03-15 | 1966-02-01 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Solid product containing normally liquid hydrocarbon and normally solid polyolefin |
| US3795556A (en) * | 1964-04-23 | 1974-03-05 | Us Navy | Gelled gasoline incendiary compositions containing triethyl aluminum and a metal |
| US3821043A (en) * | 1966-09-02 | 1974-06-28 | Us Navy | Hydrazine gel composition |
| US3460922A (en) * | 1967-01-09 | 1969-08-12 | Tenneco Chem | Method of producing gelled hydrocarbons employing polyurethanes |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| A.RAM, A. SIEGMAN: "Intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions at high shear rates", JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE., vol. 12, 1968, JOHN WILEY AND SONS INC. NEW YORK., US, pages 55 - 69, XP002304264 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1894985A1 (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2008-03-05 | Total Deutschland GmbH | Fire lighter fluid |
| EP2738240A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-04 | Schepers Handels- en domeinnamen B.V. | Use of a Gas-to-Liquids gas oil in a lamp oil composition or fire lighter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1678281A1 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
| CA2572145A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| EP1678281B1 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
| ES2335212T3 (en) | 2010-03-23 |
| US20070038006A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
| ATE446354T1 (en) | 2009-11-15 |
| DK1678281T3 (en) | 2010-03-08 |
| CA2572145C (en) | 2012-10-16 |
| DE602004023745D1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
| GB0316301D0 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
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