WO2005029871A2 - Verfahren zum erstellen einer raumbildvorlage für abbildungsverfahren mit räumlichen tiefenwirkungen und vorrichtung zum anzeigen einer raumbildvorlage - Google Patents
Verfahren zum erstellen einer raumbildvorlage für abbildungsverfahren mit räumlichen tiefenwirkungen und vorrichtung zum anzeigen einer raumbildvorlage Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005029871A2 WO2005029871A2 PCT/EP2004/009480 EP2004009480W WO2005029871A2 WO 2005029871 A2 WO2005029871 A2 WO 2005029871A2 EP 2004009480 W EP2004009480 W EP 2004009480W WO 2005029871 A2 WO2005029871 A2 WO 2005029871A2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/261—Image signal generators with monoscopic-to-stereoscopic image conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/275—Image signal generators from three-dimensional [3D] object models, e.g. computer-generated stereoscopic image signals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for creating a spatial image template according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for displaying a spatial image template according to the preamble of claim 16.
- Three-dimensional objects are only imaged two-dimensionally with monocular recording devices. The reason for this is that these objects are recorded from a single observation location and from only one observation angle.
- the spatial object is projected onto a film, a photovoltaic receiver, in particular a CCD array or another light-sensitive surface.
- a spatial impression of the depicted object only arises when the object is recorded from at least two different observation points or at least two different viewing angles and presented to an observer in such a way that the two two-dimensional monocular images are perceived separately by both eyes and in their physiological Perceptual apparatus can be put together.
- the monocular individual images are combined to form a spatial image template which, using a suitable imaging method, leads to a spatial image impression on the viewer.
- Such methods are also referred to as "anaglyph technique”.
- a spatial image template that can be used for such a method can be present or created in various ways.
- the simplest example is the well-known stereo slide viewer, in which the viewer looks at an image motif taken from a different angle with one eye each.
- the image produced from the first viewing angle is colored with a first color and the other image photographed from the second viewing angle with a second color. Both images are printed on top of one another or projected on top of one another with a displacement corresponding to the natural difference in the angle of view of the human eyes or the difference in the angle of view of the camera system, in which case the viewer uses two-color glasses to view the image.
- the other viewing angle component is filtered out through the correspondingly colored spectacle lens.
- Each eye of the viewer thus receives one corresponding to the Different image from different angles, whereby the viewer creates a spatial impression of the original image.
- a method is advantageous if data from a stereo camera are to be transmitted and displayed in real time and with little expenditure on equipment.
- simulated spatial images are also represented with such a method for generating a spatial image template, the viewer being able to get a better impression of complicated spatial structures, for example complicated simulated molecular structures and the like.
- the object is therefore to specify a method for creating spatial image templates from two-dimensional image data, in particular image data from image sequences, video films and the like, in which a spatial image template for an imaging method with spatial depth effect is generated from a two-dimensional image.
- archetype is understood to mean the initially given monocularly produced two-dimensional image. It is immediately clear that an application of the method according to the invention described below can also be applied to sequences of such archetypes and therefore also readily for moving images , in particular video or film recordings, can be used, provided that these consist of a series of successive images or can be transferred to them.
- a virtual three-dimensional image structure based on presumption-based image depth grading is generated on the basis of image information of images of objects determined from monocular master image data.
- the original image data are adapted to the virtual three-dimensional image framework to generate a virtual three-dimensional image model.
- the data of the virtual three-dimensional image model are used as a template for creating the spatial image template for the imaging method with spatial depth effect.
- the objects depicted on the two-dimensional image are thus initially determined. Then these objects are each assigned a guess about their depth.
- a virtual three-dimensional model is created, the original image data of the two-dimensional image being adapted to this virtual three-dimensional model.
- This virtual three-dimensional model now forms a virtual object, the data of which represent the starting point for generating the spatial image template.
- a method for edge detection of the depicted objects with generation of an edge-marked image is carried out on the monocular master image data in order to determine the image information.
- original image areas are assigned to different virtual depth planes, in particular a background and / or foreground, on the basis of a determined richness of edges.
- the knowledge is used that objects that are rich in detail and thus have many edges generally belong to a different image depth and thus depth level than objects that are poor in detail and therefore also poor in edges.
- the step of edge detection accordingly sorts out components of the original image that are assumed to be in the background of the image and separates them from those that are suspected in the foreground or a further depth plane.
- a method for determining the color information of given archetype areas is carried out.
- at least first identified color information is assigned to a first virtual depth level and second color information to a second virtual depth level.
- a softening method is used on the edge-marked image to reinforce and unify an edge-rich archetype area.
- this compensates for possible errors in edge detection and, on the other hand, strengthens adjacent, not randomly specified structures.
- the values of the edge-marked image can also be corrected for tonal values.
- an assignment of a relevant image section to a depth plane is carried out based on the tonal value of a pixel.
- the structures of the edge-marked image, which is softened and optionally tonally corrected, are now assigned to individual defined depth levels depending on their tonal value.
- the edge-marked, soft-drawn and optionally tone-corrected image therefore forms the basis for a clear assignment of the individual image structures to the depth levels, such as the defined virtual background, a virtual image level or a virtual foreground.
- the color and / or tonal values are limited to a predetermined value. This defines a virtual pivot point for the individual views to be created later.
- the selected color and / or tonal value forms a reference value, which is assigned to a virtual image plane and thus separates a virtual deep background from a foreground that virtually protrudes from the image plane.
- a virtual depth level can be assigned in different ways.
- the method steps already described expediently suggest an assignment of a depth level to a respectively predetermined color and / or brightness value of an image pixel.
- Objects with image pixels, which thus have the same color and / or brightness values, are thus assigned to a depth level.
- the virtual three-dimensional image structure is generated as a virtual network structure deformed in accordance with the virtual depth planes, and the two-dimensional original image is adapted as texture to the deformed network structure in a mapping process.
- the network structure forms a kind of virtual three-dimensional "die” or "profile shape", while the two-dimensional archetype represents a kind of "elastic cloth” that is stretched over the die and pressed into the die in a kind of virtual "deep-drawing process”.
- the result is a virtual three-dimensional image model with the image information of the two-dimensional archetype and the "virtual thermoforming structure" of the virtual three-dimensional matrix additionally impressed on the archetype.
- Virtual binocular or multi-ocular views can be derived from this three-dimensional image model. This is done by generating a series of virtual individual images representing the views of the virtual three-dimensional image model from the series of virtual three-dimensional image models, in which the image sections of the original image corresponding to a defined depth plane are shifted and / or displaced in accordance with the virtual observation angle be distorted.
- the virtual three-dimensional image model thus serves as a virtual spatial object that is viewed virtually binocularly or multiocularly, whereby virtual views are obtained that differ according to the observation angles.
- virtual individual images are combined according to an algorithm suitable for the imaging method with additional spatial effect for generating a spatial image template.
- the virtual single images are treated like real binocular or multi-ocular single images, which are now suitably prepared and combined for a three-dimensional display process. This means that virtually binocular or multi-ocular image information is available that can be used for any spatial imaging method.
- image processing of individual image areas of the original image in particular scaling and / or rotating and / or mirroring, is carried out and the spatial image template generated in this way is displayed by means of a monofocal lenticular screen lying above it.
- the image structures which are assigned to certain depth levels in the virtual three-dimensional image model, are changed in such a way that, when the spatial image template generated in this way is displayed, they offer a sufficient accommodation stimulus for the viewing human eye.
- the image structures highlighted in this way are perceived by means of the optical image through the lenticular screen either in front of or behind the given image plane and thus lead to a spatial impression when viewing the image.
- This method only requires a relatively simple spatial image template in connection with a simple implementation of the imaging method with spatial depth effect.
- the two-dimensional archetype can also be displayed directly without image processing using the monofocal lenticular grid.
- the two-dimensional archetype can thus be used immediately as a spatial image template for display by the monofocal lenticular screen.
- Such a procedure is particularly expedient if simple image structures against a homogeneously structured background, in particular characters against a uniformly designed text background, are to be displayed with a depth effect.
- the accommodation stimulus achieved by the imaging effect of the monofocal lenticular grid for the viewing eye then causes a depth effect, the original image itself not having to be prepared beforehand for such a display.
- a device for displaying a spatial image template is characterized by a two-dimensional spatial image template and a monofocal lens grid arranged above the spatial image template.
- the monofocal lenticular grid depicts areas of the spatial image template and creates a corresponding accommodation stimulus in the eye looking at it.
- the two-dimensional image template is expediently made from a mosaic of image sections assigned to the raster structure of the lenticular screen, wherein essentially one image section each is an imaging object for essentially one associated lens element of the monofocal lenticular screen.
- the two-dimensional image template is therefore divided into a total of individual image areas, which are each indicated by a lens element.
- the image sections are essentially unchanged image components of the two-dimensional image template of the original image.
- the essentially unchanged two-dimensional image forms the spatial image template for the lenticular screen.
- image processing of individual image areas is therefore dispensed with.
- the image sections are scaled and / or mirrored and / or rotated to compensate for the imaging effects of the lenticular screen. This results in an improved image quality, although the effort for creating the spatial image template increases.
- the two-dimensional image template is in particular an image generated on a display, while the lenticular screen is attached to the surface of the display.
- the lenticular screen is thus attached to a pre-existing display, for example a tube or flat screen, at a suitable location and is thus located above the image shown on the display. This arrangement can be implemented in a very simple manner.
- the lenticular grid is designed as a grid-like Fresnel lens arrangement that adheres to the display surface.
- the use of Fresnel lenses ensures a flat and simple design of the lenticular grid, the groove structures typical of Fresnel lenses being able to be worked into a transparent plastic material, in particular a plastic film, in the manner known from the prior art.
- the lenticular grid is designed as a grid-like, in particular flexible, zone plate arrangement adhering to the display surface.
- a zone plate is a concentric system of light and dark rings, which cause light to bundle the light that passes through it, thereby creating an imaging effect.
- Such an embodiment can be produced by printing on a transparent, flexible film in a low-cost and inexpensive manner.
- the lenticular grid is also possible as an arrangement of conventionally shaped convex lenses, although the thickness of the entire arrangement and thus also its material consumption increases.
- FIG. 5b shows an exemplary edge-marked image as a result of an edge detection carried out on the exemplary original image from FIG. 5a
- 6a shows an exemplary result of a soft focus carried out on the edge-marked image according to FIG. 5b
- 6b shows an exemplary result of a tonal value correction carried out on the edge-marked image according to FIG. 6a
- FIG. 8b shows a schematic example of a depth level assignment of the graphic objects from FIG. 8a and a generation of a virtual three-dimensional image model along exemplary sections along the lines A-A and B-B from FIG. 8a,
- FIG. 9a shows a schematic example of a virtual binocular view and projection of the virtual three-dimensional image model along the line A-A from FIGS. 8a and 8b,
- FIG. 9b shows a schematic example of an exemplary virtual binocular view and projection of the virtual three-dimensional image model along the line B-B from FIGS. 8a and 8b,
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic example of virtual single image generation from an exemplary viewing angle along the exemplary line A-A according to FIG. 9a
- 11a shows a series of exemplary virtual single images from different viewing angles using the original image from FIG. 5a
- 11b shows an exemplary combination of the virtual single images shown in FIG. 11a in an exemplary spatial image template for an imaging method with additional depth effect
- 12a, b are exemplary representations of a two-dimensional image template and a monofocal lenticular screen located above it
- 13a-c show exemplary representations of an image of a two-dimensional image section by means of the monofocal lenticular screen of the previous images.
- FIGS. 1 and 3 show in two parts an exemplary schematic flow chart of the method.
- Figure 2 illustrates an edge detection method in a more detailed flow chart.
- FIGS. 4 to 11b show exemplary results and further details of the method according to the invention explained in the flowcharts.
- the starting point of the method is a set of original image data 10 of a predefined two-dimensional, expediently digitized, original image. If the original image is a single image as part of an image sequence or a digitized film, the following description assumes that all further individual images of the image sequence can be processed in a manner corresponding to the single image. Therefore, the method described below by way of example can also be used for image sequences, films and the like.
- the original image data 10 are present in an image file, a digital storage device or a comparable storage unit.
- These data can be generated by the usual means for generating digitized image data, in particular by a known scanning process, digital photography, digitized video information and the like, other known image acquisition methods.
- this also includes image data obtained from video or film sequences using so-called frame grabbers.
- all known image formats in particular the BMP, JPEG, PNG, TGA, TIFF or EPS format, can be used as data formats in all the respective versions.
- the master image data 10 are loaded into a working memory in a read-in step 20 for executing the method.
- the original image data are first adapted for an optimal process execution.
- Adjusting 30 the image properties includes at least changing the image size and color model of the image. Smaller images are generally preferred if the computing time of the method is to be minimized. However, a change in image size can also be a possible source of error for the method according to the invention.
- all color models currently in use, in particular RGB and CMYK or grayscale models, but also lab, index or duplex models can be used as the color model to be adapted, depending on requirements.
- the adapted image data are temporarily stored in a step 40 for repeated access.
- the temporarily stored image data 50 essentially form the basis of all subsequent data operations.
- an access to the temporarily stored image data 50 now either results in a change in the color channel / color distribution 60 or a conversion of the image data into a gray value graded image by means of a gray value gradation 70
- the gray value gradation 70 is particularly advantageous when it can be assumed that depth information is predominantly to be assigned to the object contours shown on the image. In this case, all color information of the image is equally relevant for a deep interpretation of the original image and can therefore be converted into gray values in the same way.
- a modification of the color channel or the color distribution in the image data is expedient if it can be assumed that essentially one color channel is the carrier of the interpreted depth information and should therefore be particularly emphasized or taken into account for the subsequent processing.
- the temporarily stored image data 50 are converted into gray values independently of their color values, the color information remaining unchanged.
- An edge detection 80 follows in the further course of the method. The assumption is that the depth planes interpreted into the two-dimensional archetype are primarily defined by the objects present in the image motif.
- edge detection method 80 is carried out in order to uniquely identify the different areas of the original image which, because of their structure, belong to different depth planes and to differentiate them from one another as clearly as possible.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic and exemplary flow chart for edge detection.
- FIG. 4 shows in connection therewith an exemplary input menu 89 for determining the changes to be made to the brightness values of a central pixel and a defined pixel environment.
- the image pixels 81 defined by their gray value are continuously processed in a loop process.
- a pixel 82 is selected and its brightness value 83 is read in.
- This brightness value is multiplied by a positive value that is as large as possible (in the example shown here by the arbitrary value +10), which produces a very bright image pixel 85.
- a brightness value of a pixel to the right of it is multiplied by a strong negative value (in the example shown here by -10) in a step 86, whereby a very dark pixel 87 is generated.
- the next pixel is then read in in a step 88.
- the result of the edge detection is an edge-marked image.
- the edge-marked image data now given consist of a structure of very light or very dark pixels, while low-structure and therefore low-contour and low-edge image areas have a uniform dark color.
- the structure of the alternating very bright and very dark pixels and the object marked with them therefore has a higher average brightness value than an area of consistently dark pixels.
- Brightness values of a certain selected pixel amount in the edge-marked image are averaged according to a certain algorithm and assigned to the pixels of the selected amount.
- a Gaussian soft focus method has proven particularly useful here.
- the object structures stand out as a lighter pixel set from the rest of the image and enable identification of a uniform object.
- a tonal value correction of the edge-marked blurred image can then be carried out in a step 100.
- the tonal values of the image points are preferably corrected in such a way that there is as clear a contrast as possible between the object structure and the rest defined as the background of the image.
- the next method step is designated by a fixed point determination 110.
- the color and / or gray values of the edge-marked, blurred image are limited to a certain value in such a way that the virtual pivot point of the virtual individual views to be generated is defined.
- the fixed point definition 110 defines the objects or structures which are supposed to be virtually located in front of or behind the image surface and are to be subsequently imaged in their depth effect.
- a first assumption can be made that larger blue areas predominantly form a background (blue sky, water, etc.), while smaller, sharply delineated objects that stand out in terms of color form the foreground of the image.
- Certain color values can also be assigned certain virtual depth levels from the start. For example, color values that correspond to a face color can be assigned to a virtual depth level that corresponds to an average image depth.
- image sections such as, for example, the image edge or the center of the image, can likewise be assigned to certain depth levels, for example the foreground or the background, in which case a “pre-tensioning” or “arching” of the spatial image produced later can be generated.
- the gradations of the virtual depth planes generated in this way produce a virtual three-dimensional image structure which serves as a distortion mask or "displacement map" and can be visualized in the form of a grayscale mask.
- This virtual three-dimensional image structure is stored in a step 130 for further use.
- the virtual three-dimensional image framework serves as a distortion mask and virtual form for generating a virtual three-dimensional image model.
- a method step 150 which is referred to in FIG. 3 as "Displace"
- the original image is placed as a texture over the virtual image frame and distorted in such a way that the corresponding original image sections are "deep-drawn" on the virtual depth planes, i.e. be assigned to these depth levels.
- virtual individual images 160 of the virtual three-dimensional image model are now generated from a number of different virtual viewing angles by virtual projection of the image data of the virtual three-dimensional image model in accordance with known perspective mapping laws.
- a combination step 170 the virtual individual images are combined in accordance with an algorithm defined for the imaging method with an additional depth effect in such a way that finally image data 180 are available for the three-dimensional imaging of the initial original image.
- 5a shows a generally colored, two-dimensional archetype 200.
- a number of plants are obviously in the foreground of the image motif, while indistinct port facilities, buildings and a largely structureless beach are evident in the background are.
- the practically infinite background in the original image 200 is formed by a soft sky.
- FIG. 5b shows an edge-marked image 210 obtained from the original image 200 after a gray scale conversion and an optional size correction.
- the edge-marked image 210 shows a large number of bright pixels Edges that lead to a higher average image brightness, especially in the right image area.
- both the sky and the beach area from the original image 200 are low-edged and therefore predominantly dark in the edge-marked image 210, while the buildings recognizable in the original image 200 produce a few edge structures in the form of isolated bright pixels.
- FIGS. 6a and 6b show a soft-drawn edge-marked image 220 and a soft-drawn edge-marked and additionally tone-corrected image 230. It can be seen on the soft-drawn image 220 that the right image part differs from the left image part by a higher image brightness value. This difference is shown even more clearly in the tone-corrected image 230 in FIG. 6b.
- the richness of edges in the area of the plants of the archetype in other words the richness of structure of the assumed foreground, is clearly shown in pictures 220 and 230 as a bright area.
- a slightly lighter stripe can be clearly seen in the tone-corrected image 230 on the left half of the image, which is, however, significantly darker than the image area of the plants. This stripe corresponds to the depicted buildings from the original image 200 from FIG. 5a.
- the significantly darker brightness value refers to the structure of the depicted buildings with less edges and thus to their arrangement in the assumed image background.
- the sky and the beach from the original image 200 form a uniformly dark surface.
- the beach is to be counted as the middle foreground of the picture rather than the background formed by the sky, it is not possible to clearly determine the middle foreground position from the edge-marked, soft-drawn and tonal-corrected picture alone.
- 7a shows an exemplary menu 239 in this regard
- FIG. 7b the image 240 corresponding to the menu.
- a histogram 241 shows a series of color channels, which in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7a are a series of gray values.
- the corresponding gray values are shown in a gray value bar 242.
- the dark brightness values in the right part the light brightness values.
- the size of the histogram bar shows the frequency distribution of the corresponding gray values. It can be seen that the bright area of the soft-drawn or tonally corrected image 220 or 230 is shown in a wide maximum of the histogram 241, while the dark areas in the images 220 and 230 become a maximum in the left part of the histogram 241 in the dark Brightness values.
- Certain brightness values can be selected by means of indicator pointers 243. With the help of the buttons 245, brightness values of selected pixels can be read out directly from the image 241 into the histogram 241 and transmitted.
- the area corresponding to the beach from the original image 200 differs in its brightness value from the image section corresponding to the sky from the original image 210.
- This can be selected as a virtual image plane using a selection indicator 244 and forms a possible fixed point for virtual individual views of the virtual three-dimensional image model to be generated later.
- FIGS. 8a and 8b use a very highly schematic example to show a depth level assignment and a construction of a virtual three-dimensional image frame.
- FIG. 8a shows a highly schematic, monocularly generated two-dimensional archetype 301, the individual objects of which in their spatial position in the image have already been identified by the contour recognition methods described above.
- the schematic master image 301 shown by way of example in FIG. 8a has a first object 303, a second object 304 and a third object 305, which are arranged in front of an area 306 identified as background and stand out from the latter.
- the object 303 is arranged in this virtual “height profile” on the top depth level, while the object 304 is assigned to a depth plane below.
- the object 305 forms a further depth plane in the virtual image structure in FIG. 8b.
- the virtual depth plane of the image background 306 is arranged relatively close to the depth planes of the other objects 303, 304 and 305 in FIG. 8b.
- An expedient virtual image structure expediently has to have depth level gradations which correspond to the presumed actual spatial position of the objects. Accordingly, the virtual depth plane of the image background should expediently be arranged such that its distance from the other defined depth planes of the virtual image framework corresponds to a multiple of the distances between the other.
- the appropriate virtual distance between the depth plane of object 305 and the depth plane of background 306 must be a Realistic image structure expediently assume a size that is in the kilometer range, since experience has shown that objects in the background are depicted practically unchanged with small differences in the viewing angle.
- the two-dimensional archetype is adapted to the virtual frame.
- this is done in such a way that the image data of the original image 301, in particular the image information of the individual pixels, are virtually assigned to the individual depth planes in the virtual image frame.
- a virtual three-dimensional image model is created which, in the example shown here, is comparable to an arrangement of “backdrops” in which the object 303 is virtually in the foreground at the level of a first virtual depth plane and the further “scenes” of objects 304 and 305 located on the levels of the corresponding other depth levels are “hidden”.
- smooth transitions between the individual virtual depth levels can be achieved by refining the grid of the gradations of the virtual distances between the individual depth levels and by carrying out further gradations at the individual depth levels.
- the edge of its depth plane in such a way that the object 303 receives a virtual spherical curvature.
- the depth planes of the virtual image framework can be deformed in such a way that the image information of the two-dimensional archetype mapped thereon can in principle have any shape or distortion within the scope of an expedient or desired virtual three-dimensional image model, which either largely corresponds to a real three-dimensional body shape or also can be enriched with any artistic effects.
- FIGS. 9a and 9b show a virtual three-dimensional image model 807 generated from the virtual image framework from FIG. 8b in section along the lines A - A and B - B from FIG. 8a and their virtual recordings from two viewing angles 351 and 352
- the configuration shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b corresponds to a binocular view of a three-dimensional object, which is carried out virtually within the method.
- the virtual three-dimensional objects 303, 304, 305 and 306 appear to be shifted differently from one another from the relevant virtual viewing angles 351 and 352. This perspective shift is the basis for the binocular or multi-ocular viewing of spatial objects and is virtually modeled within the scope of the method according to the invention.
- Example of the section of the virtual three-dimensional image model from FIG. 9a To calculate the virtual perspective shift of the virtual objects of the Different three-dimensional image models can be used.
- the principle of centric stretching is applied, the objects 303, 304 and 306 virtually sighted from the viewing angle 352 being projected onto a virtual projection plane 308 and thereby experiencing a change in size.
- the projection plane can be virtually in front of the virtual three-dimensional image model as well as behind the three-dimensional image model.
- a position of the virtual projection plane within the virtual three-dimensional image model for example in one of the screen planes determined during the fixed point determination, is also possible and even the most expedient, since such a projection best reflects binocular viewing conditions.
- the viewing angle 352 simultaneously forms a projection center, the virtual three-dimensional image model being viewed as it were in a virtual “incident light method” in which the radiation source virtually coincides with the camera.
- the projection center can be arranged virtually behind the background of the virtual three-dimensional image model and project the corresponding objects of the virtual depth planes as a “silhouette” onto an appropriately positioned projection plane that is viewed from a viewing angle.
- the virtual projection they appear in the virtual foreground located objects are enlarged compared to the objects virtually behind them, which can create an additional spatial effect.
- the virtual background can be projected onto a first projection level from a projection center that is located very far behind the virtual three-dimensional image model, while an arrangement of many, very densely graduated objects in the virtual foreground is projected through a second projection center that does not enlarge them Objects, but only a virtual displacement of these objects.
- the choice of the virtual projection mechanisms or the number of viewing angles depends on the specific individual case, in particular on the image motif of the two-dimensional archetype, on the depth ratios interpreted into the archetype, on the desired and / or suppressed image effects and, last but not least, on the computing effort deemed appropriate and on the ultimately used spatial imaging method for which the spatial image template is to be generated.
- any number of perspective single images with any number of arbitrarily arranged virtual projection centers, virtual projection planes, viewing angles, etc. can be generated from the virtual three-dimensional image model, the very simple exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 10 only showing an unrepresentative, but only exemplary embodiment ,
- FIG. 11 a shows a series of individual images 208 a to 208 d generated virtually according to one of the previously described projection methods from a virtual three-dimensional image model of the original image 200 shown as an example in FIG. 5 a.
- the virtual individual images 208a to 208d are shown in black and white in this exemplary embodiment, they are generally colored.
- a different deformation of this image section can be seen above all by comparing the flower structure shown in the upper part of the image. This arises from the virtual projection of the virtual three-dimensional image model for the respective, in this exemplary embodiment four virtual viewing angles.
- FIG. 11 shows a spatial image template 209 combined from the virtual individual images 208a, 208b, 208c and 208d for an imaging method with spatial impression in conjunction with an enlarged image section 211 of the upper middle image part from the spatial image template 209.
- the spatial image template 209 is made up of the individual images 208a-d combined with a depth effect for an imaging process used in each case.
- FIGS. 12a and 12b show an exemplary two-dimensional original image 200, which is divided into a series of image sections 361.
- the size of the individual image sections is in principle arbitrary and is essentially determined by the average size of the smallest closed image objects and the individual pixels. If it is assumed that clearly recognizable image structures lie in the foreground of the image, these must expediently be detected essentially as a unit by the image sections, so that they can be distinguished from other structures and offer the viewing eye a sufficient accommodation stimulus. This means that with an increasingly small grid for an increasing number of details, accommodation stimuli can be created, which lead to a deep impression on the viewer, provided that the individual image points, ie the image pixels, are not emphasized.
- FIG. 12a shows a matrix-shaped grid of essentially square image sections.
- Another division of the two-dimensional archetype 200 is, however, readily possible.
- the hexagonal arrangement of circular image sections offers the advantage that a given image section has six immediate neighbors compared to the matrix-shaped image division, and thus there is a more homogeneous transition for the accommodating eye from a first image section to the immediate surroundings of the image.
- the image sections 361 can contain preprocessed, in particular scaled, rotated or also mirrored image data with respect to several axes, which are carried out in advance with a view to compensating for the imaging effect of the lenticular screen.
- the image sections form a mosaic that is actually present on the two-dimensional image template. 12a also shows that some image sections 361a contain predominantly structurally poor image information, while some other image sections 361b are particularly structurally rich.
- the two-dimensional image template appears on a display surface 370, for example the fluorescent surface of a picture tube or the liquid-crystalline matrix of a flat screen, and is viewed through a display surface 375.
- the monofocal lenticular grid 360 is arranged on the display surface 375 and can be designed, for example, as a transparent film which contains a number of matrix-like or hexagonally arranged Fresnel lenses or zone plates. The film itself adheres firmly to the display surface through adhesive, electrostatic forces or a transparent adhesive film.
- Each lens element 365 of the lenticular screen forms an image section 361 located underneath it in such a way that it appears in front of or behind the image plane of the display 370 as a result of the enlargement thereby caused. Therefore, the lens elements 365 are designed such that the display surface is either just before or behind the individual focal points of the lenticular screen.
- FIGS. 13a to 13c show an exemplary image detail 200a from the two-dimensional original image 200 shown in FIG. 12a with the changes in the image detail caused by the lens grid 360 or the local lens elements.
- the image section 200a is formed by an unchanged part of the two-dimensional original image 200 from FIG. 12a, which is shown on the display 370. 13b, the image section 200a is divided by an arrangement of four exemplary image sections 361.
- the two left-hand image sections 361a each contain more structureless and diffuse background information, while the right-hand image sections 361 show structure-rich content that is obviously located in the foreground of the image.
- each of these image sections is imaged enlarged by a lens element 365.
- the magnification factor when using a lens element with a focusing effect 365 is approximately 1: 2.
- the left image parts 361a which contain a diffuse structure-free image background, also result in a slight accommodation stimulus when they are enlarged by the lenticular grid due to their structurelessness, while the two right image sections 361b from FIG. 13c contain structures which accommodate the Have your eyes on the image content displayed in this way.
- the image contents of the right image sections 361b from FIG. 13c appear significantly closer to the viewer than the contents of the left image sections 361a.
- the gaps generated during the imaging by the lenticular grid are compensated for and integrated by the mode of action of the physiological visual perception apparatus.
- the imaging of the image sections 361 leads to a horizontally and vertically mirrored representation.
- the individual image sections of the two-dimensional original image are prepared in the sequence of the image processing method mentioned above, in particular scaled or mirrored horizontally or vertically, so that their mapping leads back to the original starting image.
- the strength of the preparatory scalings or reflections is derived on the basis of the magnification factor of the lenticular grid or the position of the objects to be represented, which is derived from the virtual three-dimensional image model, and is carried out in advance on the image sections.
- the number, arrangement and size of the lens elements in the lenticular grid are selected such that the imaging factors for the entire image are insignificant.
- this embodiment offers the advantage that image-intensive image preparations are sometimes omitted and the spatial image template can be easily recognized without a lenticular screen.
- the image 200 acts as a normal two-dimensional image without a monofocal lenticular screen, while it appears staggered in depth as a result of the use of the lenticular screen, the depth effect being able to be brought about simply by attaching the lenticular screen, that is to say with very simple means.
- archetype data 20 import of archetype data Adaptation of the original image data Buffering of the adapted original image data between stored image data optional color channel / color distribution change conversion into gray values edge recognition method data of the image pixel selection of the image pixel reading in of the brightness value of the image pixel increasing the brightness value image pixel with increased brightness value lowering the brightness value image pixel with reduced next brightness value Go to image menu
- Edge detection soft focus procedure optional: tonal value correction fixed point definition optional: setting further fixed point options saving the grayscale mask created grayscale mask distorting the original image texture, creating the virtual three-dimensional image model, generating virtual single images virtual single images combination of the virtual single images image data for spatial imaging method exemplary two-dimensional original image a single image first virtual ldc third virtual single image d fourth virtual single image combined room image template a enlarged section of a combined room image template exemplary edge-marked image 220 exemplary edge-marked, blurred image
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
- Image Generation (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04764457A EP1665815A2 (de) | 2003-09-15 | 2004-08-25 | Verfahren zum erstellen einer raumbildvorlage für abbildungsverfahren mit rumlichen tiefenwirkungen und vorrichtung zum anzeigen einer raumbildvorlage |
| JP2006526536A JP2007506167A (ja) | 2003-09-15 | 2004-08-25 | 3次元的奥行き効果を有するイメージ表示法用の3次元イメージ・パターンの生成方法および3次元イメージ・パターンを表示する装置 |
| US10/572,025 US20070159476A1 (en) | 2003-09-15 | 2004-08-25 | Method for creating a stereoscopic image master for imaging methods with three-dimensional depth rendition and device for displaying a steroscopic image master |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10342465.2 | 2003-09-15 | ||
| DE10342465 | 2003-09-15 | ||
| DE10348618.6 | 2003-10-20 | ||
| DE10348618A DE10348618B4 (de) | 2003-09-15 | 2003-10-20 | Verfahren zum Erstellen und Anzeigen einer Raumbildvorlage für Abbildungsverfahren mit räumlichen Tiefenwirkungen und Vorrichtung zum Anzeigen einer derartigen Raumbildvorlage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005029871A2 true WO2005029871A2 (de) | 2005-03-31 |
| WO2005029871A3 WO2005029871A3 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2004/009480 Ceased WO2005029871A2 (de) | 2003-09-15 | 2004-08-25 | Verfahren zum erstellen einer raumbildvorlage für abbildungsverfahren mit räumlichen tiefenwirkungen und vorrichtung zum anzeigen einer raumbildvorlage |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070159476A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1665815A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2007506167A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005029871A2 (de) |
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- 2004-08-25 JP JP2006526536A patent/JP2007506167A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-08-25 US US10/572,025 patent/US20070159476A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-08-25 EP EP04764457A patent/EP1665815A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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| US8687043B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2014-04-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method of generating stereoscopic image signal and method of scaling the same |
| JP2010510600A (ja) | 2006-11-21 | 2010-04-02 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 画像の深度マップの生成 |
| CN102223562A (zh) * | 2011-05-03 | 2011-10-19 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | 三维影像的合成方法与应用此方法的三维影像的合成电路 |
| CN102223562B (zh) * | 2011-05-03 | 2013-03-27 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | 三维影像的合成方法与应用此方法的三维影像的合成电路 |
| US8976233B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2015-03-10 | Au Optronics Corp. | Three-dimensional image processing method and three-dimensional image processing circuit using the same method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070159476A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
| JP2007506167A (ja) | 2007-03-15 |
| WO2005029871A3 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
| EP1665815A2 (de) | 2006-06-07 |
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