WO2005061416A1 - Verfahren zur abtrennung von säuren aus chemischen reaktionsgemischen mit hilfe von 1-alkylimidazolen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur abtrennung von säuren aus chemischen reaktionsgemischen mit hilfe von 1-alkylimidazolen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005061416A1 WO2005061416A1 PCT/EP2004/014386 EP2004014386W WO2005061416A1 WO 2005061416 A1 WO2005061416 A1 WO 2005061416A1 EP 2004014386 W EP2004014386 W EP 2004014386W WO 2005061416 A1 WO2005061416 A1 WO 2005061416A1
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- alkylimidazole
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B63/00—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07B63/04—Use of additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B63/00—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/025—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Desodorisation of organo-phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/48—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/48—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof
- C07F9/4808—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or structure which is considered as characteristic
- C07F9/4841—Aromatic acids or derivatives (P-C aromatic linkage)
Definitions
- the present invention describes a process for the simplified removal of acids from reaction mixtures by means of an ionic liquid based on 1-alkylimidazoles.
- the chemical expert often has the problem of trapping acids released during a chemical reaction or of separating acids from reaction mixtures.
- Examples of reactions in which acids are released during the course of the reaction are the silylation of alcohols or amines with halosilanes, the phosphorylation of amines or alcohols with phosphorus halides, the formation of sulfonic acid esters or amides from alcohols or amines and sulfonic acid chlorides or anhydrides, eliminations or substitutions.
- auxiliary base which usually does not participate in the actual reaction as a reactant.
- the salts of the bases used are not initially separated off, they can also be in the presence of the valuable product, e.g. by adding another, stronger base, such as aqueous bases, e.g. Sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution. This creates the salt of the stronger base added in this step.
- the base originally used is set free.
- the salt of the stronger base and the first set free base must usually also be separated from the product of value.
- the product of value which is present during the work-up is added by the added stronger base itself or other substances in this base, e.g. the water in an aqueous alkali can be decomposed.
- the salts of the auxiliary base with the acid are generally not soluble in organic solvents and have high melting points, so that they form suspensions in organic media which are more difficult to handle than liquids, for example. It would therefore be desirable to be able to separate the salts of the auxiliary bases in liquid form.
- the known procedural disadvantages of suspensions would be eliminated. These include the formation of incrustations, reduction of heat transfer, poor mixing and stirrability, as well as the formation of local over- or under-concentrations and so-called hot spots.
- the prior art therefore has the following disadvantages for processes carried out industrially:
- the aim should be a phase separation that is simple in terms of process technology by means of a liquid-liquid phase separation.
- WO 03/62171 discloses a process for the separation of acids from reaction mixtures by means of ionic liquids, in which lists of possible ionic liquids are given.
- the auxiliary bases listed there sometimes have quite high melting points, which means a thermal load on the valuable product, and due to their Relatively high water solubility can only be recovered if feed material is lost. Because of their water solubility, they have to be recovered from water in a complex distillation with a corresponding number of separation stages or via liquid-liquid extraction.
- the object of the present invention was to develop a process for the separation of acids from reaction mixtures with the aid of ionic liquids which have low melting points and are easy to recover.
- the object was achieved according to the invention by a process for separating acids from reaction mixtures by means of an auxiliary base, the auxiliary base
- the salt of the auxiliary base forms two immiscible liquid phases with the product of value or the solution of the product of value in a suitable solvent
- the solubility of the free alkylimidazole in 30% by weight sodium chloride solution at 25 ° C. is 5% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3% by weight or less, very particularly preferably 1% by weight or less and in particular 0.5% by weight % Or less.
- 30% by weight sodium chloride solution serves as a standardized model system for determining the solubility of the 1-alkylimidazoles suitable according to the invention in aqueous systems.
- the lowest possible solubility in aqueous systems is important for carrying out the process according to the invention.
- the melting point of the hydrochloride of the 1-alkylimidazoles suitable according to the invention is 50 ° C. or less, particularly preferably 45 ° C. or less, very particularly preferably 40 ° C. or less, in particular 35 ° C. or less and especially 30 ° C or less.
- R 1 and R 2 can each independently be hydrogen or linear or branched Ci - C 6 alkyl, with the condition that R 1 and R 2 have at least 1 carbon atom in total and not more than 6 carbon atoms in total, preferably in Have a total of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly preferably have a total of 1 to 2 carbon atoms and very particularly preferably have a total of 2 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, / so-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, / so-butyl, se / c-butyl, ferf-butyl and n-hexyl.
- Preferred radicals R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, methyl and ethyl.
- Examples of compounds of the formula (I) are n-propylimidazole, n-butylimidazole, / so-butylimidazole, 2'-methylbutylimidazole, so-pentylimidazole, n-pentylimidazole, / so-hexylimidazole, n-hexylimidazole, / so-octylimidazole and n -Octylimidazol.
- Preferred compounds (I) are n-propylimidazole, n-butylimidazole and / so-butylimidazole, particularly preferred are n-butylimidazole and / so-butylimidazole and very particularly preferred is n-butylimidazole.
- one of the abovementioned compounds can be used as the auxiliary base:
- the salt of the auxiliary base forms two immiscible liquid phases with the product of value or the solution of the product of value in a suitable solvent.
- This auxiliary base can furthermore preferably be used
- d) act as a nucleophilic catalyst in the reaction, i.e. it increases the reaction rate of the reaction by at least 1.5 times, preferably by at least two times, particularly preferably by five times, very particularly preferably by at least ten times and in particular by at least 20 times, compared to carrying out without the presence of an auxiliary base.
- the technical benefit of the process according to the invention is that the auxiliary can be separated off by simple liquid-liquid phase separation at low temperature, so that the process-related handling of solids is eliminated.
- the auxiliaries can also be worked up in the absence of the valuable product, so that the latter is less burdened.
- auxiliary bases are contained in reaction mixtures or are added subsequently, the salts of which are liquid with acids which have been split off or added in the course of the reaction, ie which are not split off during the reaction, under the reaction conditions and / or working-up conditions and one which is not dissolved with the product of value which may be dissolved form miscible phase.
- Such liquid salts are often referred to as ionic liquids.
- the acids to be bound can either be free in the reaction mixture or form a complex or an adduct with the product of value or another substance present in the reaction mixture.
- Lewis acids in particular tend to complex with substances such as ketones form. These complexes can be broken up by the auxiliary base, the salt being formed from the auxiliary base and the Lewis acid to be separated off for the purposes of this invention.
- Mixtures or solutions from auxiliary bases can also be used to fulfill the task.
- immiscible means that at least two liquid phases are formed which are separated by a phase interface.
- an auxiliary e.g. a solvent can be added to achieve segregation or a reduction in solubility. This is useful, for example, when the solubility of the salt in the product of value or vice versa is 20% by weight or more, preferably
- the solubility is determined under the conditions of the respective separation.
- the solubility is preferably determined at a temperature which is above the melting point of the salt and below the lowest of the following temperatures, particularly preferably 10 ° C. below the lowest and very particularly preferably 20 ° C. below the lowest:
- Boiling point of the product of value Boiling point of the solvent - temperature of the significant decomposition of the product of value, depending on which temperature is the lowest.
- the solvent is to be regarded as suitable if the mixture of the product of value and the solvent is able to dissolve the salt or the salt the product of value or a mixture of the product of value and the solvent less than the amounts specified above.
- solvents which can be used are benzene, toluene, o-, m- or p-xylene, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, petroleum ether, acetone, isobutyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone, diethyl ether, fer-butyl methyl ether, tert.
- the product of value is usually a non-polar organic or inorganic compound.
- the chemical reactions on which the invention is based are all reactions in which acids are released.
- Alkylations with alkyl or aralkyl halides e.g. Methyl chloride, methyl iodide, benzyl chloride, 1, 2-dichloroethane or 2-chloroethanol,
- Silylations that is reactions with compounds which contain at least one Si-Hal bond, such as SiCl, (H 3 C) 2 SiCl 2 or trimethylsilyl chloride,
- Phosphorylations ie reactions with compounds which contain at least one P-Hal bond, such as PCI 3 , PCI 5 , POCI 3 , POBr 3 , dichlorophenylphosphine or diphenylchlorophosphine, as described, for example, by Julian Chojnowski, Marek Cypryk, Witold Fortuniak, heteroatom. Chemistry, 1991, 2, 63-70,
- Sulfurization ie sulfidation, sulfonation, sulfonation and sulfation, with for example sulfuryl chloride (SO 2 CI 2 ), thionyl chloride (SOCI 2 ), chlorosulfonic acid (CISO 3 H), suifonic acid halides, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride, methanesulfonic acid chloride or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid chloride or sulfonic anhydrides, as described, for example, by Dobrynin, VN et al. Bioorg. Khim. 9 (5), 1983, 706-10,
- Eliminations in which a C C double bond is formed with elimination of an acid, such as, for example, HCl, HBr, acetic acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid
- reaction alkylations, silylations, phosphorylations, sulfurizations, acylations and eliminations, and particularly preferred are silylations, phosphorylations and sulfurizations.
- an acid can also be separated off from reaction mixtures in which an acid which was not released during the reaction has been added, for example in order to adjust the pH or to adjust catalyze action.
- Lewis acids which were used as catalysts for Friedel-Crafts alkylations or acylations, can be removed in a simple manner.
- the acids to be separated for the purposes of this invention can be Bronsted acids and Lewis acids. Which acids are called Brönsted and Lewis acids is described in Hollemann-Wiberg, Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, 91.-100. Edition, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin New York 1985, p. 235 and p. 239.
- the Lewis acids for the purposes of this invention also include the Lewis acids used as Friedel-Crafts catalysts, which are described in George A. Olah, Friedel-Crafts on Related Reactions, Vol. 1, 191 to 197, 201 and 284-90 (1963 ) are described.
- Examples include aluminum trichloride (A) CI 3 ), iron (III) chloride (FeCI 3 ), aluminum tribromide (AIBr 3 ) and zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ).
- the Lewis acids which can be separated off according to the invention contain cationic forms of the metals of groups Ib, IIb, lilac, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb, Vlb, Vllb and VIII of the periodic table of the elements and of rare earths, such as, for example, lanthanum, cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium or Lutetium.
- rare earths such as, for example, lanthanum, cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium or Lutetium.
- Zinc, cadmium, beryllium, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, titanium, zircon, hafnium, erbium, germanium, tin, vanadium, niobium, scandium, yttrium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, palladium are particularly mentioned , Thorium, iron, copper and cobalt.
- Boron, zinc, cadmium, titanium, tin, iron, cobalt are preferred.
- Possible counterions of the Lewis acid are F ⁇ , CI “ , CIO “ , CIO 3 ⁇ , ClO " ⁇ Br ⁇ , J ⁇ , JO 3 - CN “ , OCN-, SCN-, NO 2 -, NO 3 " , HCO 3 ⁇ CO 3 2_ , S 2 ⁇ SH ' , HSOs “ , SO 3 2 -, HSO 4 - so s 2 o 2 2 - s 2 o 4 2 -, s 2 o 5 2 - s 2 o 6 2 -, S 2 O 7 2 -, S 2 O 8 2 ⁇ H 2 PO 2 -, H 2 PO 4 " HPO 4 2 -, PO, P 2 O 7 4 ⁇ , dithiocarbamate, salicylate, (OC n H 2n + ⁇ ) ⁇ , (C ⁇ s ⁇ Oa) -, (C n H 2n - 3 ⁇ 2 and (C n +
- Carboxylates may also be mentioned, in particular formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, hexanoate and 2-ethylhexanoate, stearate and oxalate, acetylacetonate, tartrate, acrylate and methacrylate, preferably formate, acetate, propionate, oxalate, acetylacetonate, acrylate and methacrylate.
- borohydrides and organoboron compounds of the general formula BR "" 3 and B (OR “") 3 are suitable, in which R “" each independently of one another is hydrogen, C 1 - cis-alkyl, optionally by one or more oxygen and / or Sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups interrupted C 2 -C 18 alkyl, C 6 -C 12 aryl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl or a five- to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or have sulfur atoms ⁇ denote the heterocycle or two of them together form an unsaturated, saturated or aromatic ring which may be interrupted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups, the abovementioned Each radical can be substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and /
- Lewis acids are BeCI 2 , ZnBr 2 , Znl 2 , ZnSO 4) CuCI 2 , CuCI, Cu (O 3 SCF 3 ) 2, CoCI 2 , Col 2 , Fel 2 , FeCI 2 , FeCI 2 (THF) 2 , TiCI 4 (THF) 2 , TiCI 4 , TiCI 3 , CITi (OiPr) 3 , SnCI 2 , SnCl 4 , Sn (SO 4 ), Sn (SO 4 ) 2 , MnCI 2 , MnBr 2 , ScCI 3 , BPh 3 , BCI 3 , BBr 3 , BF 3 -OEt 2 ,
- the Lewis acids can be stabilized by alkali or alkaline earth metal halides, for example LiCl or NaCl.
- the (earth) alkali metal halides are mixed with the Lewis acid in a molar ratio of 0-100: 1.
- halogen or shark means fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I), preferably chlorine.
- Acids with which the bases can form salts are, for example, hydroiodic acid (Hl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HCl), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), nitrous acid (HNO 2 ), hydrobromic acid (HBr), carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ), hydrogen carbonate (HCO 3 " ), methyl carbonic acid (HO (CO) OCH 3 ), ethyl carbonic acid (HO (CO) OC 2 H 5 ), n-butyl carbonic acid, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), hydrogen sulfate (HSO ' ), Methylsulfuric acid (HO (SO 2 ) OCH 3 ), ethylsulfuric acid (HO (SO 2 ) OC 2 H 5 ), phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), dihydrogen phosphate (H 2 PO 4 " ), formic acid (HCOOH) , Acetic acid (CH 3 COOH), propionic acid, n- and is
- the separation of Bronsted acids are separated from Lewis acids without large proportions, i.e. in the separated salt of the acid with the auxiliary base, the molar ratio of Bronsted acids to Lewis acids is greater than 4: 1, preferably greater than 5: 1, particularly preferably greater than 7: 1, very particularly preferably greater than 9: 1 and in particular greater than 20: 1.
- auxiliary bases are those whose salts of auxiliary bases and acids have a melting temperature at which no significant decomposition of the product of value occurs in the course of the removal of the salt as the liquid phase, i.e. less than
- auxiliary bases those whose salts have an E ⁇ (30) value of> 35, preferably of> 40, particularly preferably of> 42 are very particularly preferred.
- the E ⁇ (30) value is a measure of the polarity and is described by C. Reichardt in Reichardt, Christian Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry Weinheim: VCH, 1979. - XI, (Monographie in Modern Chemistry; 3), ISBN 3- 527-25793-4 page 241.
- all of the above-mentioned derivatives of imidazole can be used, the salts of which have an E ⁇ (30) value of> 35, preferably of> 40, particularly preferably of> 42 and have a melting temperature at which, in the course of the removal of the salt, as liquid Phase no significant decomposition of the product of value occurs.
- the polar salts of these imidazoles form two immiscible phases with less polar organic media.
- reaction is not restricted and can be carried out according to the invention with interception of the liberated or added acids, optionally with nucleophilic catalysis, batchwise or continuously and in air or under a protective gas atmosphere.
- Another object of the invention is a process for separating the above-mentioned auxiliary bases or auxiliary bases which are used as nucleophilic catalysts from a reaction mixture by adding at least one mol of acid to the reaction mixture per mol of auxiliary base. This makes it possible to separate auxiliary bases rather than ionic liquids with the aid of liquid-liquid separation.
- the 1-alkylimidazoles can be recovered, for example, by salting the auxiliary base with a strong base, for example NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH) 2 , milk of lime, Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , or KHCO 3 , optionally in a solvent, such as water, methanol, ethanol, n- or / s ⁇ -propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol or butanol or pentanol isomer mixtures or acetone.
- a strong base for example NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH) 2
- milk of lime Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , or KHCO 3
- a solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, n- or / s ⁇ -propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol or butanol or pentanol isomer mixtures or
- the strong base is used in a solution which is as concentrated as possible, particularly preferably an aqueous solution, for example at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight and particularly preferably at least 15% by weight.
- a solution which is as concentrated as possible particularly preferably an aqueous solution, for example at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight and particularly preferably at least 15% by weight.
- Amines preferably tertiary amines, which are stronger bases, ie have a lower pK B value than the 1-alkylimidazoles according to the invention, are also conceivable as strong bases.
- This can be, for example, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, diisopropylethylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, pyridine, dimethylaminopyridine or strongly basic ion exchange resins.
- the auxiliary base released in this way can, if it forms its own phase, be separated off or, if it is miscible with the salt of the stronger base or the solution of the salt of the stronger base, it can be removed from the mixture by distillation. If necessary, the liberated auxiliary base can also be separated from the salt of the stronger base or the solution of the salt of the stronger base by extraction with an extracting agent. Extraction agents are, for example, the abovementioned solvents, alcohols or amines. It is an advantage of the 1-alkylimidazoles according to the invention over the prior art that the auxiliary bases released are only slightly soluble in aqueous solutions and can therefore be recovered almost without loss.
- the auxiliary base can be washed with water or aqueous NaCl or Na 2 SO 4 solution and then dried, for example by removing any water which may be present with the aid of azeotropic distillation with benzene, toluene, xylene butanol or cyclohexane. If necessary, the base can be distilled before reuse.
- Another object of the present invention is a process for the separation of acids from reaction mixtures using one of the above.
- 1-Alkylimidazoles comprising the following steps:
- step (A) optionally recycling the optionally purified 1-alkylimidazole in step (A).
- the reaction of at least one 1-alkylimidazole according to the invention with at least one acid in the presence of a product of value in step (A), with formation of a mixture of at least one salt of 1-alkylimidazole and the product of value, has already been described above.
- the acid can be a Brönstedt or a Lewis acid.
- the acid can arise during a reaction, for example from the product of value that forms or as a by-product, or added to the reaction mixture.
- pressure and temperature are not essential at this stage. It is also not critical whether the salt of the 1-alkylimidazole is liquid or not in this stage and whether the product of value and the salt of the 1-alkylimidazole are miscible with one another at this stage or form separate phases.
- the separation of the at least one salt of 1-alkylimidazole and the product of value takes place under conditions under which at least two separate phases form, of which at least one predominantly contains the at least one salt of 1-alkylimidazole and at least one other predominantly contains product of value in stage (B).
- stage (A) The mixture from stage (A) is brought to a temperature at which the salt of 1-alkylimidazole is liquid and forms at least two immiscible phases with the product of value as described above.
- At least one solvent may optionally be added to the reaction mixture to achieve segregation.
- phase separation liquid-liquid separation
- phase separation equipment preferably by decanting, phase separator, centrifuging or mixer-settler apparatus, and particularly preferably by phase separator.
- the separated product of value can then be subjected to a cleaning known per se, which is not essential according to the invention.
- step (C) at least one base is added to a phase which is separated from (B) and which predominantly contains the at least one salt of 1-alkylimidazole to form a mixture of the liberated 1-alkylimidazole and the reaction product of base and acid.
- the strong bases mentioned above can be used as bases, optionally in a solvent or with the addition of such a solvent if necessary.
- the strong bases are used in aqueous solution.
- the 1-alkylimidazoles according to the invention have a low solubility in aqueous solutions, at least two phases usually form in stage (C), an aqueous phase which mostly contains the reaction product of base and acid and one which releases the product 1-Alkylimidazole contains.
- stage (C) At least two phases usually form in stage (C), an aqueous phase which mostly contains the reaction product of base and acid and one which releases the product 1-Alkylimidazole contains.
- This separation process can, if necessary, be supported by adding at least one solvent, but is mostly and preferably not necessary due to the low solubility of the 1-alkylimidazoles according to the invention.
- the reaction product of base and acid is generally an aqueous solution of a salt, for example sodium, potassium or calcium chloride, bromide, acetate or formate.
- a salt for example sodium, potassium or calcium chloride, bromide, acetate or formate.
- the concentration of the strong base is preferably adjusted so that the reaction product of base and acid is obtained as concentrated as possible, but preferably without precipitating out under the separation conditions.
- the conditions are particularly preferably selected such that the reaction product of base and acid is obtained in at least 15% by weight solution, very particularly preferably in at least 20% by weight, in particular in at least 25% by weight solution and especially in at least 30% by weight. solution.
- the amount of the base is usually chosen in accordance with the stoichiometry, so that, based on the amount of 1-alkylimidazole to be released, 0.8-1.5, preferably 0.9 to 1.3, particularly preferably 0.95-1.2 and completely 0.95-1.1 equivalents of base are particularly preferably used.
- the base is used in an equimolar amount.
- the temperature during the reaction is not essential; heating is generally to be expected when the base is added, so that cooling may have to be carried out slightly.
- the base can be added at a temperature between 20 and 80 ° C.
- step (D) the mixture of the liberated 1-alkylimidazole and the reaction product of base and acid is separated under conditions under which at least two separate phases are formed, at least one of which predominantly contains the liberated 1-alkylimidazole in crude form and at least one other contains the reaction product of base and acid.
- predominantly means more than 50% by weight, preferably at least 66, particularly preferably at least 75, very particularly preferably at least 85 and in particular at least 90% by weight of the 1-alkylimidazole or reaction product of acid and base contained in the mixture as a whole.
- raw means with a purity of at least 75% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight and particularly preferably at least 95% by weight, solvent being not included here.
- This is mostly and preferably a separation of two liquid phases, which can generally be carried out as described under stage (B). If, by way of exception, it is a matter of separating a liquid from a solid, this can be done, for example, by single or multiple extraction or filtration, and the remaining solid can be washed with a solvent in order to remove adhering liquid.
- stage (D) can optionally be purified in a further stage (E). This can be done for example by single or multiple washing, drying, filtration, stripping, distillation and / or rectification.
- the 1-alkylimidazole is in at least one washing machine with water or a 5-30% by weight, preferably 5-20, particularly preferably 5-15% by weight saline, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate or ammonium sulfate solution , preferably saline, treated.
- the laundry can be, for example, in a stirred tank or in other conventional apparatus, e.g. in a column or mixer-settler apparatus.
- Dried can e.g. by separating any water which may be present with the aid of distillation or an azeotropic distillation with benzene, toluene, xylene, butanol or cyclohexane.
- Filtration can be useful, for example, in order to remove precipitated solids or to remove any coloration that may have occurred, for example by filtration over activated carbon, aluminum oxide, Celite or silica gel.
- Distillation for example to remove any solvent that may be present, can preferably be carried out using a falling or thin-film evaporator, optionally under vacuum, it being possible to set up a column to improve the separation.
- the solvent can be reused in this or, if necessary, purified form.
- the processed and optionally purified 1-alkylimidazole can then be returned to the process (stage (F)).
- the selected 1-alkylimidazoles have a lower melting point than the auxiliary bases known in the prior art, for example from WO 03/62171, which means less thermal stress on the valuable product and less energy expenditure, and additionally have a lower solubility, which leads to better recoverability.
- the imidazole was dissolved in toluene and treated with HCI gas until saturated with ice-cooling. In general, either a solid precipitate or an oil formed immediately. Sometimes a partially solid, partially oily product was obtained. In the first case, the solid precipitate was decanted off directly and transferred to xylene. For the second case, the hydrochloride was added by
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04803995A EP1697281A1 (de) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Verfahren zur abtrennung von säuren aus chemischen reaktionsgemischen mit hilfe von 1-alkylimidazolen |
| US10/596,548 US20090023933A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Method for isolating acids from chemical reaction mixtures by using 1-alkylimidazoles |
| JP2006544349A JP2007534647A (ja) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | 1−アルキルイミダゾールを用いて化学的反応混合物から酸を分離する方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10360397.2 | 2003-12-19 | ||
| DE10360397A DE10360397A1 (de) | 2003-12-19 | 2003-12-19 | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Säuren aus chemischen Reaktionsgemischen mit Hilfe von 1-Alkylimidazolen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005061416A1 true WO2005061416A1 (de) | 2005-07-07 |
Family
ID=34673010
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2004/014386 Ceased WO2005061416A1 (de) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Verfahren zur abtrennung von säuren aus chemischen reaktionsgemischen mit hilfe von 1-alkylimidazolen |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090023933A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1697281A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2007534647A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20060132870A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1894174A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10360397A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005061416A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200605923B (de) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007054392A1 (de) | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-18 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur abtrennung von säuren aus chemischen reaktionsgemischen mit hilfe unpolarer amine |
| WO2007109005A3 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-11-15 | Invista Tech Sarl | Method for the purification of triorganophosphites by treatment with a basic additive |
| DE102008054740A1 (de) | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-17 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Silylierung von Monocarbonsäuren |
| WO2012084773A1 (de) | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-28 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von siloxycarboxylaten |
| EP4696672A1 (de) | 2024-08-16 | 2026-02-18 | ARLANXEO Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von 2-chlor-1,3-butadien und 2,3-dichlor-1,3-butadien |
| WO2026037737A1 (en) | 2024-08-16 | 2026-02-19 | Arlanxeo Deutschland Gmbh | Process for the synthesis of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene and 2,3-dichloro-1,3-butadiene |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3419958B1 (de) | 2016-02-25 | 2020-04-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Verfahren zur herstellung von (alk)acrylestern in flussreaktoren |
| CN111569611B (zh) * | 2020-05-13 | 2022-03-04 | 江西师范大学 | 一种三元低共熔溶剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000014072A1 (de) * | 1998-06-17 | 2000-03-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von carbonyldiimidazol |
| WO2003062171A2 (de) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-31 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur abtrennung von säuren aus chemischen reaktionsgemischen mit hilfe von ionischen flüssigkeiten |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3837519B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-02 | 2006-10-25 | 国立大学法人三重大学 | 血小板凝集阻害活性を有するブラジルサシガメ由来のTi−3蛋白質 |
-
2003
- 2003-12-19 DE DE10360397A patent/DE10360397A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-12-17 CN CNA2004800379794A patent/CN1894174A/zh active Pending
- 2004-12-17 EP EP04803995A patent/EP1697281A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-12-17 JP JP2006544349A patent/JP2007534647A/ja active Pending
- 2004-12-17 WO PCT/EP2004/014386 patent/WO2005061416A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-12-17 KR KR1020067014381A patent/KR20060132870A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-12-17 US US10/596,548 patent/US20090023933A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-07-18 ZA ZA200605923A patent/ZA200605923B/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000014072A1 (de) * | 1998-06-17 | 2000-03-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von carbonyldiimidazol |
| WO2003062171A2 (de) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-31 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur abtrennung von säuren aus chemischen reaktionsgemischen mit hilfe von ionischen flüssigkeiten |
| WO2003062251A1 (de) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-31 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur abtrennung von säuren aus chemischen reaktionsgemischen mit hilfe von ionischen flüssigkeiten |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007054392A1 (de) | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-18 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur abtrennung von säuren aus chemischen reaktionsgemischen mit hilfe unpolarer amine |
| EP2204372A1 (de) | 2005-11-08 | 2010-07-07 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Thiophosophorsäuretriamiden mit Hilfe unpolarer Amine |
| US9359269B2 (en) | 2005-11-08 | 2016-06-07 | Basf Se | Method of separating acids from chemical reaction mixtures by means of apolar amines |
| US9493491B2 (en) | 2005-11-08 | 2016-11-15 | Basf Se | Method of separating acids from chemical reaction mixtures by means of apolar amines |
| WO2007109005A3 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-11-15 | Invista Tech Sarl | Method for the purification of triorganophosphites by treatment with a basic additive |
| EP2395010A1 (de) * | 2006-03-17 | 2011-12-14 | Invista Technologies S.A R.L. | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Triorganophosphiten durch Bearbeitung mit einem basischen Zusatz |
| DE102008054740A1 (de) | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-17 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Silylierung von Monocarbonsäuren |
| WO2010072532A1 (de) | 2008-12-16 | 2010-07-01 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur silylierung von monocarbonsäuren |
| US8273910B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 | 2012-09-25 | Basf Se | Process for silylating monocarboxylic acids |
| WO2012084773A1 (de) | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-28 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von siloxycarboxylaten |
| EP4696672A1 (de) | 2024-08-16 | 2026-02-18 | ARLANXEO Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von 2-chlor-1,3-butadien und 2,3-dichlor-1,3-butadien |
| WO2026037737A1 (en) | 2024-08-16 | 2026-02-19 | Arlanxeo Deutschland Gmbh | Process for the synthesis of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene and 2,3-dichloro-1,3-butadiene |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20090023933A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
| EP1697281A1 (de) | 2006-09-06 |
| DE10360397A1 (de) | 2005-07-14 |
| ZA200605923B (en) | 2008-05-28 |
| JP2007534647A (ja) | 2007-11-29 |
| CN1894174A (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
| KR20060132870A (ko) | 2006-12-22 |
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