WO2005062073A1 - 放射線検出器 - Google Patents
放射線検出器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005062073A1 WO2005062073A1 PCT/JP2004/011418 JP2004011418W WO2005062073A1 WO 2005062073 A1 WO2005062073 A1 WO 2005062073A1 JP 2004011418 W JP2004011418 W JP 2004011418W WO 2005062073 A1 WO2005062073 A1 WO 2005062073A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- light
- scintillator
- photodiode
- radiation detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/2008—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors using a combination of different types of scintillation detectors, e.g. phoswich
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/1603—Measuring radiation intensity with a combination of at least two different types of detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
- G01T1/1611—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting using both transmission and emission sources sequentially
- G01T1/1612—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting using both transmission and emission sources sequentially with scintillation detectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radiation detector that detects a spatial distribution state of a first radiation and a second radiation different from the first radiation.
- PET apparatus positron emission tomography apparatus
- the PET device administers a positron-emitting labeling substance into the subject, and simultaneously measures the ⁇ -rays generated at the measurement site of the subject due to the annihilation of electrons and positrons. Measure the spatial distribution of the concentration. Then, by performing imaging processing based on the spatial distribution state of the measured ⁇ -ray density, it has a function of detecting a change in the amount of accumulation of the labeling substance in a specific region of interest of the measurement site.
- the PET apparatus injects FDG in which a radioisotope is bound to pseudo-pudose into a subject, and performs imaging processing based on the spatial distribution state of the ⁇ -ray concentration generated from the FDG. It is possible to detect the location of the tumor. In other words, malignant tumors such as cancer have a high metabolism of glucose about 3 to 8 times that of normal cells. You will concentrate. Since FDG is injected into the subject in a state of being bound to simulated glucose, the concentration of ⁇ -rays caused by FDG also changes according to the position of the malignant tumor. Thus, malignant tumors are detected.
- the detection sensitivity of such a PET device is extremely high, and it is possible to detect small lesions that could not be detected by conventional CT devices, etc., and is expected to greatly contribute to the early detection of cancer, etc. .
- the PET device has a problem that its spatial resolution is inferior to that of a CT device or the like due to its structure.
- the PET device has a function of detecting even a small lesion, but has a characteristic that it is difficult to specify an accurate position of the detected lesion. Therefore, in recent years, a PET-CT apparatus has been proposed which simultaneously performs imaging of the same object by combining a PET apparatus and a CT apparatus, as well as imaging of the inside of the object using only the PET apparatus.
- CT equipment is inferior to PET equipment in detecting the presence or absence of lesions, it has excellent spatial resolution, so PET-CT equipment that combines such CT equipment with PET equipment has a small It has the advantage that it can be detected with high sensitivity and that the exact position of the detected lesion can be ascertained (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-501666).
- the conventional PET-CT apparatus has a problem that it is necessary to align the images captured by each of the PET apparatus and the CT apparatus. That is, since the PET device and the CT device image the inside of the subject using different mechanisms, the contents of the acquired in-vivo images are different from each other. It is not easy to accurately align the inside images.
- PET-CT equipment achieves a certain degree of accuracy by providing a processing mechanism for positioning, but a powerful processing mechanism is not only expensive but also precise. However, there is a problem that this is not always enough.
- the PET apparatus has a function of forming an image based on the spatial distribution state of the lines generated from the position to be measured as described above, and the CT apparatus forms an image based on the spatial distribution state of the X-rays.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a radiation detector that detects a spatial distribution state of a plurality of types of radiation.
- the aim is to realize a suppressed radiation detector. Disclosure of the invention
- a radiation detector for detecting a spatial distribution state of a first radiation and a second radiation different from the first radiation, wherein the incident first radiation is a first wavelength.
- a plurality of light converting means for converting the second radiation into light of a second wavelength; and a plurality of light converting means disposed between the plurality of light converting means, wherein the first radiation, the second radiation and Shielding means for blocking the passage of the light obtained by the light converting means; and light shielding means arranged corresponding to the plurality of light converting means, respectively, for the light of the first wavelength converted by the light converting means.
- a plurality of first photoelectric conversion means for outputting an electric signal corresponding to the intensity; and a plurality of first photoelectric conversion means arranged corresponding to the plurality of light conversion means, respectively, and the intensity of the light of the first wavelength converted by the light conversion means is reduced.
- the first radiation ray is a gamma ray
- the first photoelectric conversion unit includes a photomultiplier tube.
- the second radiation is an X-ray
- the second photoelectric conversion unit includes a photodiode element.
- the first photoelectric conversion unit is disposed downstream of the light conversion unit in the traveling direction of the first radiation and the second radiation
- the second photoelectric conversion unit is disposed on a side surface in the traveling direction of the first radiation and the second radiation with respect to the light conversion unit.
- the light conversion means includes a scintillator array in which scintillator elements are arranged one-dimensionally
- the second photoelectric conversion unit includes a scintillator array.
- a photodiode array arranged one-dimensionally in a photodiode element corresponding to the scintillator element.
- the radiation detector according to the next invention is the radiation detector according to the above invention, wherein the photo diode array has a wiring structure extending from the photo diode element to a downstream in a traveling direction of the first radiation and the second radiation. It is characterized by.
- the radiation detector according to the next invention is the radiation detector according to the above invention, wherein the photodiode array extends downstream from the photodiode element in the traveling direction of the first radiation and the second radiation.
- the wiring structure further extends in the arrangement direction.
- a plurality of the scintillator array and the photodiode array are arranged in a direction perpendicular to an arrangement direction of the scintillator elements.
- the first photoelectric conversion unit is disposed downstream of the light conversion unit with respect to the incident direction of the first radiation and the second radiation
- the second photoelectric conversion unit is formed by a member that transmits the first radiation and the second radiation, and is disposed upstream of the first radiation and the second radiation with respect to the light conversion unit. It is characterized by being performed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the entire configuration of the radiation detector according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a photodiode array provided in the radiation detector according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a photodiode array and a scintillator array are combined
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a photomultiplier tube
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for describing an X-ray detection operation by the radiation detector according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for describing a 0 / ray detection operation by the radiation detector according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the entire configuration of the radiation detector according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a photodiode array provided in the radiation detector according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a photodiode array and
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the entire configuration of the radiation detector according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of a photodiode array provided in the radiation detector according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the entire configuration of the radiation detector according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the radiation detector according to the third embodiment.
- Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the entire configuration of the array holding substrate and the photodiode array.
- Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the correspondence between the photodiode elements provided in the photodiode array and the wiring structure provided in the array holding substrate.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the radiation detector according to the first embodiment.
- the radiation detector according to the first embodiment includes a scintillator array 3 including a plurality of scintillator elements 1 and a separator 2 , and a receiving direction with respect to the scintillator array 3 (see FIG. 1).
- a photodiode array 4 disposed on the side surface (from top to bottom), and a plurality of photoelectrons arranged corresponding to the individual scintillator elements 1 downstream of the scintillator array 3 in the receiving direction.
- the circuit includes a tube 5 and a circuit board 6 on which a circuit for outputting an electric signal output from the photomultiplier tube 5 to the outside is formed.
- the scintillator element 1 functions as a member corresponding to the light conversion means in the claims, and is for converting incident radiation into light capable of photoelectric conversion. That is, the scintillator element 1 has a structure in which ⁇ -rays and X-rays are incident as the first radiation and the second radiation, respectively, and the radiation is transmitted to the photomultiplier tube 5 and the The diode element 8 has a function of converting the light into light having a wavelength that can be photoelectrically converted.
- the scintillator element 1 As a specific material constituting the scintillator element 1, it is preferable to use the LSO (L u 2 S i O 5), C sl and N a I even better, Besides BGO (B i 4 G e 3 It is possible to configure the scintillator element 1 by using materials such as 0 12 ), B a F 2 , GSO (G d 2 Si 5 ), various ceramic scintillators, and the like.
- the separator 2 functions as a member corresponding to the shielding means in the claims. Specifically, the separator 2 is disposed between the adjoining scintillator elements 1 so that the radiation incident on one scintillator element 1 and the light obtained by the light conversion process also enter the other. This is to prevent the occurrence of so-called crosstalk.
- the photodiode array 4 is for receiving light converted from X-rays by the action of the scintillator element 1 and outputting an electric signal according to the intensity of the received light.
- Fig. 2 shows the separation of photodiode array 4 and scintillator array 3.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state where the photodiode array 4 is fixed to the scintillator array 3.
- the same number of photodiode elements 8 as the scintillator elements 1 (for the second photoelectric conversion means in the claims). (Equivalent) is arranged. Then, as shown in FIG.
- the radiation detector according to the first embodiment has a configuration in which light waves converted from X-rays in each of the plurality of scintillator elements 1 are incident on the corresponding photodiode element 8.
- the photodiode element 8 has a configuration electrically connected to the terminal 10 via the wiring 9, and an electric signal obtained by the photoelectric conversion action of the photodiode element 8 is externally connected via the terminal 10. Is output to
- the photomultiplier 5 is for outputting an electric signal corresponding to the intensity of light converted from the T-line by the action of the scintillator element 1.
- the radiation detector according to the first embodiment is assumed to be used as a radiation receiving mechanism of a PET-CT device, and when used in a PET-CT device, the intensity of ⁇ -rays incident on the scintillator element 1 becomes tiny. For this reason, the intensity of the light obtained by the light conversion processing for the ⁇ -rays in the scintillator element 1 becomes very small, and it is difficult to obtain a significant electric signal with a normal photoelectric conversion. Therefore, in the radiation detector according to the first embodiment, the photomultiplier 5 is used when photoelectrically converting the light converted from the ⁇ -ray, and even the minute light is reliably detected and the electric signal is detected. It is configured to output.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a specific configuration of the photomultiplier 5. Note that FIG. 4 also shows the scintillator element 1 that is in contact with the photomultiplier tube 5 for easy understanding. As shown in FIG. 4, the photomultiplier tube 5 has a cathode 12 disposed near the contact surface 11 with the scintillator element 1 and is focused downstream of the cathode 12 in the conversion light incident direction. Electrode 13, electron multiplier 14 and anode 15 are arranged sequentially It has the structure which was done.
- the cathode 12 is for generating electrons based on light incident from the scintillator element 1. Specifically, the cathode 12 is given a predetermined potential, and when light enters the cathode 12, electrons corresponding to the energy of the incident light are generated by the photoelectric effect, Released from 12 Since the cathode 12 has such a photovoltaic function, the cathode 12 is arranged in a large area and near the contact surface 11 in order to efficiently receive the light incident from the scintillator element 1.
- the focusing electrode 13 is for focusing electrons obtained by the action of the cathode 12.
- the intensity of 0 / ray incident on the scintillator element 1 is weak, and the intensity of the cathode 12 is small.
- the amount of electrons obtained by the action is also very small.
- the focusing electrode 13 focuses the electrons to one point.
- the focusing electrode 13 has a configuration in which a hole is formed at the center while being maintained at a negative potential.
- the electrons obtained by the action of the cathode 12 have a negative potential, the electrons move so as to avoid the surface of the focusing electrode 13 by keeping the focusing electrode 13 at a negative potential. For this reason, the electrons obtained by the action of the cathode 12 pass through the hole formed in the center of the focusing electrode 13, and enter the electron multiplier 14 in a high-density state It will be.
- the electron multiplier 14 is for increasing the amount of incident electrons. Specifically, the electron multiplier 14 is formed by a plurality of electrodes, and is formed so that the potential of the electrodes gradually increases in the traveling direction of the electrons. As a specific amplifying action, electrons incident on the electron multiplier 14 first collide with the first electrode, and the first electrode emits more current than the incident electrons. The electron multiplier section 14 has multiple Since the electrodes are provided, such a process is repeated for each electrode, and as a result, the electron multiplier 14 outputs the incident electrons to the anode 15 in an amplified state. In order to detect the spatial distribution of ⁇ -rays, the intensity of ⁇ -rays input to each scintillator element 1 must be compared. In the photomultiplier tube 5, the amplification efficiency in the electron multiplier 14 is constant.
- the anode 15 receives the electrons amplified by the electron multiplier 14 and outputs the electrons to the outside.
- the anode 15 has a configuration electrically connected to a wiring structure on the circuit board 6 (not shown in FIGS. 1 to 4), and is connected to the wiring structure on the circuit board 6 via the wiring structure.
- the radiation detector according to the first embodiment since the radiation detector according to the first embodiment has a function of detecting both the first radiation ⁇ / ray and the second radiation X-ray, first refer to FIG.
- the X-ray detection operation will be described below, and then the ⁇ -ray detection operation will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining an X-ray detection operation in the radiation detector according to the first embodiment.
- X-rays enter the scintillator element 1 from the outside, and the scintillator element 1 converts the X-rays into light of a predetermined wavelength by its action. Convert to
- the converted light obtained by the action of the scintillator element 1 finally enters the photodiode element 8 by repeating reflection and the like, and the photoelectric conversion processing is performed by the photodiode element 8.
- the electric signal obtained by the photoelectric conversion processing is transmitted to the wiring structure formed on the circuit board 6 through the wiring 9 and the terminal 10 not shown in FIG. 5, and is transmitted through the wiring structure. Output to the outside.
- the function of the photomultiplier tube 5 is stopped by, for example, setting the potential of the cathode 12 to a predetermined value or more. No amplification action is performed.
- the separator 2 is disposed between the adjacent scintillator elements 1 as described above, the X-rays incident on any scintillator element 1 and the converted light obtained from the X-rays are converted into other scintillator elements 1. It is prevented from being incident on the element 1. This is the same in the case of detecting a ray, which will be described later.
- the y-ray and the converted light are not output to the other adjacent scintillator element 1 and the converted light is not output. It is assumed that photoelectric conversion is not performed by the photodiode element 8.
- the converted light obtained by the action of the scintillator element 1 depends on the amount of incident X-rays, and is obtained by the photoelectric conversion action of the photodiode element 8.
- the electric signal depends on the amount of incident converted light obtained by the action of the scintillator element 1. Therefore, in conclusion, the intensity of the electric signal obtained by the photodiode element 8 corresponds to the amount of X-rays incident on the scintillator element 1.
- the radiation detector according to the first embodiment since the operation shown in FIG. 5 is performed in the photodiode elements 8 corresponding to the many scintillator elements 1 shown in FIG. 1, the radiation detector according to the first embodiment Thus, it is possible to detect the amount of X-rays incident on each scintillator element 1 and, consequently, the spatial distribution of X-rays in a region where a plurality of scintillator elements 1 are arranged. Therefore, when the radiation detector according to the first embodiment is used for a PET-CT device or a CT device, an image can be formed based on the detected X-ray spatial distribution state, and a CT image with excellent spatial resolution can be obtained. Obtainable.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a gamma ray detection operation in the radiation detector according to the first exemplary embodiment.
- ⁇ -rays enter the scintillator element 1 from the outside, and the scintillator element 1 converts ⁇ -rays into predetermined light by the action.
- the ⁇ / line obtained by the action of the scintillator element is repeatedly reflected and the like as necessary, and finally passes through the contact surface 11 and enters the photomultiplier tube 5.
- the converted light incident on the photomultiplier tube 5 collides with the cathode 12 to generate a photoelectric effect, and photoelectrons corresponding to the amount of incident light are emitted from the cathode 12.
- the photoelectrons pass through a hole provided at the center of the focusing electrode 13 in a state where the density is increased by the electron focusing action of the focusing electrode 13, and enter the electron multiplier 14.
- the electron multiplier 14 Since the electron multiplier 14 has an electron amplification function, the amount of electrons is amplified as it passes through the electron multiplier 14, and compared with the time when the electron enters the electron multiplier 14. It is in an amplified state and is incident on the anode 15.
- the anode 15 has a configuration that is electrically connected to the wiring structure formed on the circuit board 6. Further, an electrical signal corresponding to the amount of electrons incident on the anode 15, for example, a voltage signal is externally provided. Will be output.
- the converted light obtained in the scintillator element 1 depends on the incident amount of the y-ray, and the amount of photoelectrons obtained by the photoelectric conversion action in the cathode 12 provided in the photomultiplier tube 5 Depends on the incident conversion amount. Furthermore, since the amplification efficiency in the electron multiplier section 14 is formed so as to have substantially the same value in each photomultiplier tube 5, an electric signal corresponding to the amount of ⁇ -rays incident on the scintillator element 1 is applied to the anode 15 Will be output to the outside.
- the operation shown in FIG. 6 is performed in each of the plurality of scintillator elements 1 and the photomultiplier tubes 5 arranged corresponding to the scintillator elements 1 as shown in FIG. is there.
- the radiation detector according to the first embodiment detects the amount of ⁇ -rays incident on each scintillator element 1 and, consequently, the spatial distribution state of the ⁇ -rays in the region where the plurality of scintillator elements 1 are arranged. It is possible to do so. Therefore, when the radiation detector according to the first embodiment is used for a PET-CT apparatus or a PET apparatus, it becomes possible to form an image based on the spatial distribution state of the detected ⁇ -rays. It is possible to form an image excellent in detecting a lesion such as a malignant tumor.
- the radiation detector according to the first embodiment has a configuration including a plurality of scintillator elements 1 that receive both y-rays as first radiations and X-rays as second radiations. Has a configuration in which both y-rays and X-rays are received by each of them. Therefore, there should be no relative displacement between the spatial distribution state of ⁇ -rays and the spatial distribution state of X-rays acquired by the radiation detector according to the first embodiment. It becomes.
- the radiation detector according to the first embodiment uses the common scintillator element 1 as a mechanism for receiving a plurality of radiations, and thus has an advantage that the manufacturing cost of radiation detection can be reduced. That is, the radiation detector according to the first embodiment can reduce the number of parts by sharing the receiving mechanism as compared with a radiation detector having a receiving mechanism for each receiving radiation. This makes it possible to reduce manufacturing costs as compared with conventional radiation detectors.
- the photomultiplier tube 5 is arranged downstream of the scintillator element 1 in the receiving direction, and the photodiode array 4 (photodiode element 8) is used as the scintillator element 1.
- the advantage of arranging it on the side in the receiving line direction will be described. From the viewpoint of the alignment described above, the position of the photomultiplier tube 5 as the first photoelectric conversion means and the position of the photomultiplier tube 5 as the second photoelectric conversion means are considered. As long as the converted light obtained by the scintillator element 1 can be received, the position of the diode element 8 can be set at an arbitrary position.
- the photomultiplier tube 5 may be disposed on the side surface of the scintillator element 1, and the photodiode element 8 may be disposed downstream of the scintillator element 1 in the receiving direction.
- the photomultiplier tube 5 has a structural problem that the thickness in the direction perpendicular to the light receiving surface is more than a certain level.
- the photodiode element 8 is formed by a laminated structure of a semiconductor material in a direction perpendicular to the light receiving surface, and the thickness of each layer formed by the semiconductor material is at most several m. It is very small. Therefore, the photodiode array 4 can have a thickness of at most several hundred ⁇ or less, including the thickness of the substrate, and even if it is arranged on the side of the scintillator element 1 in the receiving direction, The gap generated between the scintillator elements 1 can be reduced.
- the radiation detector according to the second embodiment As in the first embodiment, a plurality of scintillator elements are arranged, and a photomultiplier tube is arranged downstream of each scintillator element in the radiation receiving direction. It has a configuration in which photodiode elements are arranged on the side surfaces in the linear direction.
- the radiation detector according to the second embodiment is used as a photodiode element. The electric signal obtained in this way is not output via a terminal provided downstream in the receiving direction, but is output via a terminal arranged on an extension of the arrangement direction of the photodiode elements.
- points that are not particularly mentioned are the same as in the first embodiment, and the corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of the radiation detector according to the second exemplary embodiment.
- a plurality of scintillator arrays 3 each including a scintillator element 1 and a separator 2 are arranged, and photoelectrons are arranged downstream in the receiving line direction corresponding to each scintillator element 1.
- a photomultiplier tube 5 is arranged, and a circuit board 16 is arranged below the photomultiplier tube 5.
- a photodiode array 17 is disposed on the side of the radiation receiving direction with respect to the scintillator element 1, and a photodiode array 17 is provided on the photodiode array 17 in the extension direction of the photodiode elements. It has a configuration in which a wiring board 18 electrically connected to the provided wiring structure is arranged.
- the radiation detector according to the second exemplary embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first exemplary embodiment with respect to the scintillator element 1 and the photomultiplier tube 5, but outputs the photodiode array 17 from the top. The position where the electric signal is extracted is different from that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a positional relationship between the scintillator array 3, the photodiode array 17 and the wiring board 18 in the radiation detector according to the second exemplary embodiment.
- the photodiode element 8 provided in the photodiode array 17 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, After the output wiring 19 for outputting the electric signal obtained in the diode element 8 extends downstream from the photodiode element 8 in the radiation receiving direction and extends, the arrangement direction of the photodiode elements 8 on the photodiode array 17 ( It extends in the horizontal direction in FIG. 8) and is electrically connected to terminals 20 provided at the ends in the arrangement direction.
- the terminal 20 may be directly connected to an external circuit.
- a photodiode for the single array 17 a configuration is adopted in which a wiring board 18 is further provided on the extension in the arrangement direction, and a bonding wire is provided between the terminal 20 and the input terminal 21 formed on the wiring board 18. Are electrically connected to each other and output to the outside via the wiring 22 formed on the wiring board 18 and the output terminal 23.
- the second embodiment is also the same in that a photomultiplier tube 5 and a photodiode element 8 are arranged for each of the scintillator elements 1 respectively.
- the advantage generated by sharing 1 can be enjoyed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the radiation detector according to the second embodiment has an advantage due to adopting a configuration in which the output is performed in the arrangement direction of the photodiode elements 8 (the horizontal direction in FIG. 8). That is, in the first embodiment, the electric signal obtained by the photodiode element 8 is output to the wiring structure formed on the circuit board 6 via the wiring 9 and the terminal 10, and the wiring structure is formed. A configuration in which the data is output to the outside via an external device is employed.
- the wiring structure formed on the surface of the circuit board 6 and the terminals 1 arranged on the surface of the photodiode array 4 arranged perpendicular to the surface of the circuit board 6 Since it is necessary to electrically connect between the radiation detector and the radiation detector, it is necessary to provide a certain area to secure the electrical connection by wire bonding or the like. The size will be increased. Further, since the terminal 10 and the wiring structure on the circuit board 6 are positioned perpendicular to each other, there is a possibility that the terminal 10 and the wiring structure may be electrically disconnected by a physical impact from the outside.
- the second embodiment also employs a configuration in which the terminal 20 is electrically connected to the input terminal 21 on the wiring board 18 via wire bonding. 7 and the wiring board 18 have a configuration arranged in parallel with each other. For this reason, in the radiation detector according to the second embodiment, if the space area required for wire bonding can be reduced, In both cases, it is possible to realize a configuration that does not easily cause electrical disconnection even when an external physical shock is applied. In addition, since it is not necessary to provide a wiring structure on the circuit board 6 to output an electric signal obtained by the photodiode element 8, the number of wiring structures on the circuit board 6 can be reduced. I have.
- the photomultiplier tube is arranged downstream of the scintillator element in the receiving direction, as in the first and second embodiments, while the scintillator element is used for the photodiode element. Is arranged upstream in the receiving line direction. Note that, as in the second embodiment, points that are not particularly mentioned in the following description are the same as those in the first and second embodiments, and the corresponding components have the same names as those in the first and second embodiments. A code shall be attached.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an overall configuration of the radiation detector according to the third embodiment.
- the radiation detector according to the third embodiment includes a scintillator element 1 arranged in a two-dimensional matrix and a separator 2 arranged between adjacent scintillator elements 1.
- the two-dimensional scintillator array 25 and the photomultiplier tubes 5 and the photomultiplier tubes 5, which are arranged in plurality in the receiving direction downstream with respect to the scintillator element 1, corresponding to the scintillator element 1, are fixed.
- a circuit board 26 having a wiring structure for outputting an electric signal output from the multiplier 5 to the outside.
- the radiation detector according to the third embodiment includes a plurality of two-dimensional scintillator arrays 25 each having a one-dimensional array structure of photodiode elements 27 corresponding to the scintillator elements 1 upstream in the receiving direction. And an array holding substrate 29 for holding the photodiode array 28.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an array holding substrate 29 and a photodiode array 28 in the radiation detector according to the third embodiment.
- the array holding substrate 29 has a structure in which a groove 30 for fitting the photodiode array 28 on the contact surface with the two-dimensional scintillator array 25 is formed.
- first pad 31 and through hole 33 are arranged corresponding to photodiode element 27.
- the photodiode array 28 fitted into the groove 30 is arranged in a one-dimensional array according to the arrangement of the scintillator element 1, and has a light receiving surface on a surface in contact with the two-dimensional scintillator array 25. 27, and a second pad 32 for outputting an electric signal corresponding to each photodiode element 27.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an electrical connection relationship between an array holding substrate 29 and a photodiode array 28 fitted into a groove 30 formed in the array holding substrate 29. As shown in FIG. 11, the groove 30 is formed such that the surface of the fitted photodiode array 28 and the surface of the array holding substrate 29 have a depth that forms the same plane.
- the second pads 32 provided on the surface of the photodiode array 28 corresponding to the individual photodiode elements 27 and the first pads 3 formed on the surface of the array holding substrate 29 are provided. 1 forms the same plane, and both are electrically connected via a wire bonding 34.
- the first pad 31 is electrically connected to a wiring structure 35 provided on the upper surface of the array holding substrate 29 via a through hole 33 formed through the array holding substrate 29. It has a configuration. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the electric signal output from the photodiode element 27 is supplied to the wiring via the second pad 32, the wire bonding 34, the first pad 31, and the through hole 33. It is output to the outside from the structure 35.
- the radiation detector according to the third embodiment has a configuration in which the photodiode array 28 and the array holding substrate 29 are arranged, and the scintillator element 1 is arranged upstream in the receiving line direction.
- Photo diode array 28 and array holding substrate 29 is formed using a silicon substrate or the like as a base material, and the photodiode element 27 formed on the photodiode array 28 does not have a function of directly photoelectrically converting radiation.
- the incident radiation is not affected by the photodiode array 28. It is possible to enter the scintillator element 1 without being interrupted by the like. Therefore, even with a configuration in which the photodiode array 28 and the like are arranged upstream in the receiving line direction, it is possible to enjoy the same advantages as in the first and second embodiments.
- the scintillator array has a configuration in which the scintillator elements 1 are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, but the photodiode element 27 has a configuration in which the A configuration in which a plurality of 28 are arranged is adopted.
- a configuration in which the photodiode elements are simply formed in a two-dimensional matrix on the same substrate may be used.However, based on the yield and the like, in the third embodiment, a one-dimensional matrix photodiode array is used. A configuration with multiple arrangements is adopted.
- the number of photodiode elements formed on the substrate becomes extremely large. For this reason, when a failure occurs in one of the many photodiode elements, it has to be replaced with another two-dimensional photodiode array, and there is a problem that the manufacturing yield is reduced. For this reason, in the third embodiment, by providing a plurality of one-dimensional photodiode arrays 28, even if a failure occurs in the photodiode element 27, a large number of photodiodes are provided.
- the radiation detector according to the third embodiment employs a configuration in which the photodiode element 27 is arranged upstream of the scintillator element 1 in the receiving line direction. Unlike the cases 1 and 2, the photodiode elements 27 are all arranged on the same plane.
- the photodiode element 27 formed on the surface is formed.
- the number of wiring structures will also increase in response to the dramatic increase in the number of X-rays, and the area occupied by the light receiving surface of the photodiode element 27 will relatively decrease, and the X-ray detection sensitivity will decrease. It becomes.
- the third embodiment in order to avoid such a situation, instead of forming an output wiring structure on the same surface as the light receiving surface of the photodiode element 27, a surface different from the light receiving surface via the through hole 33 is used. A wiring structure is to be formed thereon. Therefore, even when a large number of photodiode elements 27 are arranged on the same surface, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the light receiving area of the photodiode elements 27, and to perform high-sensitivity X-ray detection. It has the advantage that it can be done.
- the present invention has been described in Embodiments 1 to 3.
- the present invention is not limited to the above, and those skilled in the art may come up with various examples, modifications, and application examples. It is possible.
- a radiation detector that includes a light conversion unit that detects a y-ray as the first radiation and receives a neutron beam as the second radiation.
- an inspection apparatus has been proposed which acquires image data on an internal structure by utilizing a difference in transmission characteristics of ⁇ -rays and neutron rays. This is because a radiation detector can be used.
- the spatial distribution of gamma rays and the spatial distribution of neutrons are used. Since image formation is performed, accurate destructive inspection can be performed by using a radiation detector that does not cause relative displacement in the spatial distribution obtained due to different radiation. It is possible to do.
- a photoresistance or the like can be used in addition to the photodiode element 8 and the photomultiplier tube 5.
- the specific configuration of the first photoelectric conversion unit and the second photoelectric conversion unit can be arbitrarily selected according to the wavelength, intensity, and the like of light obtained by the light conversion processing of the scintillator element 1. Therefore, it is not necessary to limit the interpretation to the photodiode element 8 and the like.
- the light conversion means not only the above-described scintillator element 1 but also any light conversion means can be used as long as the light conversion processing can be performed on two or more types of incident radiation. It is. Industrial applicability
- the radiation detector according to the present invention is not limited to, for example, a PET device that performs imaging of the same subject simultaneously by combining the PET device and the CT device in addition to imaging the inside of the subject using only the PET device. — Suitable for CT equipment.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04771405.0A EP1698911B1 (en) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-08-03 | Radiation detector |
| US10/528,694 US7138632B2 (en) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-08-03 | Radiation detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-425156 | 2003-12-22 | ||
| JP2003425156A JP4178402B2 (ja) | 2003-12-22 | 2003-12-22 | 放射線検出器 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005062073A1 true WO2005062073A1 (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
Family
ID=34708810
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/011418 Ceased WO2005062073A1 (ja) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-08-03 | 放射線検出器 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7138632B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1698911B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4178402B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005062073A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8884239B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2014-11-11 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | High resolution medical imaging detector |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070272872A1 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2007-11-29 | Bruker Axs, Inc. | X-ray detector with photodetector embedded in scintillator |
| WO2010010608A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-01-28 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 放射線断層撮影装置の製造方法 |
| WO2010018475A2 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Method and apparatus for detecting low and high x-ray flux |
| JP5610520B2 (ja) * | 2010-07-07 | 2014-10-22 | 日本結晶光学株式会社 | 放射線検出装置 |
| FR2972268B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-01 | 2013-03-29 | Sagem Defense Securite | Detecteur de sursauts gamma compact a haute resolution |
| JP6083637B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-17 | 2017-02-22 | 国立研究開発法人日本原子力研究開発機構 | シンチレータを用いた中性子検出器及び中性子イメージ検出器 |
| JP2016142561A (ja) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-08 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 放射線検出器 |
| US12298454B2 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2025-05-13 | Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for PET detector |
| US9696439B2 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2017-07-04 | Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for PET detector |
| US11156727B2 (en) * | 2015-10-02 | 2021-10-26 | Varian Medical Systems, Inc. | High DQE imaging device |
| US10942282B2 (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2021-03-09 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Combined imaging detector for x-ray and nuclear imaging |
| KR102328147B1 (ko) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-11-17 | (주)피에스케이테크놀로지 | 측면 판독방식의 방사선 프로브 |
| JP2024092573A (ja) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-07-08 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 電磁波検出ユニットの製造方法 |
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| FR2700210B1 (fr) * | 1993-01-06 | 1995-02-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de détection simultanée et sélective de neutrons et de photons X ou gamma et système de détection utilisant ce dispositif. |
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- 2003-12-22 JP JP2003425156A patent/JP4178402B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2004
- 2004-08-03 WO PCT/JP2004/011418 patent/WO2005062073A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2004-08-03 EP EP04771405.0A patent/EP1698911B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-03 US US10/528,694 patent/US7138632B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| JPH0511054A (ja) * | 1991-07-03 | 1993-01-19 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | ポジトロン計測装置用のデイテクタ |
| JPH0720245A (ja) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-01-24 | Shimadzu Corp | ポジトロンct装置 |
| JPH0961536A (ja) * | 1995-08-28 | 1997-03-07 | Canon Inc | 半導体放射線検出装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP2003084066A (ja) * | 2001-04-11 | 2003-03-19 | Nippon Kessho Kogaku Kk | 放射線検出器用部品、放射線検出器および放射線検出装置 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8884239B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2014-11-11 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | High resolution medical imaging detector |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7138632B2 (en) | 2006-11-21 |
| EP1698911B1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
| JP2005181201A (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
| US20060076497A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
| EP1698911A4 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
| EP1698911A1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
| JP4178402B2 (ja) | 2008-11-12 |
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