WO2005105824A1 - A precess for preparation of timosaponin b ii - Google Patents

A precess for preparation of timosaponin b ii Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005105824A1
WO2005105824A1 PCT/CN2005/000554 CN2005000554W WO2005105824A1 WO 2005105824 A1 WO2005105824 A1 WO 2005105824A1 CN 2005000554 W CN2005000554 W CN 2005000554W WO 2005105824 A1 WO2005105824 A1 WO 2005105824A1
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water
acetone
ethanol
resin
propanol
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French (fr)
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Baiping Ma
Hao Chen
Chengqi Xiong
Liping Kang
Jie Zhang
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Institute of Radiation Medicine of CAMMS
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Institute of Radiation Medicine of CAMMS
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Priority to US11/579,101 priority Critical patent/US8765925B2/en
Priority to EP05745428.2A priority patent/EP1752464B1/en
Priority to HK07108526.9A priority patent/HK1100865B/zh
Priority to JP2007509855A priority patent/JP5208499B2/ja
Priority to CA2564889A priority patent/CA2564889C/en
Publication of WO2005105824A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005105824A1/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07J—STEROIDS
    • C07J71/00—Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton is condensed with a heterocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for separating and preparing timosaponin BII. Background technique
  • the Chinese medicine Anemarrhena is the perennial herbaceous plant Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. In the Limaceae family. It is mainly produced in Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Northeast China. It is used as a medicine for bitter cold and heat, and has heat and purging fire.
  • the effect of nourishing yin and moisturizing mainly treats exogenous fever, hyperthermia, thirst, lung heat, dry cough, bone steam, hot flushes, internal heat and thirst, and intestinal dryness and constipation.
  • the main constituents of Anemarrhena asphodeloides are steroidal saponin, followed by flavonoids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and fatty acids. Pharmacological studies show that Zhima has antibacterial, antiviral, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, sedative, inhibiting platelet aggregation, antitumor, and radiation protection.
  • Timosaponin BII also known as Prototimosaponin AIII, etc.
  • Prototimosaponin AIII is the main component in the plant and has a structure of (25S)-26-O- ⁇ — D-glucopyranosyl — 22-Hydroxy-5 ⁇ -furostone-3 ⁇ , 26-diol-3- 0- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl (1-2)- ⁇ -D -galactopyranoside [(25S)- 26-0- ⁇ -D-ghicopyranosyl- 22- hydroxy-5 ⁇ -furostane-3 ⁇ , 26-diol-3-0- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl (l ⁇ 2)- ⁇ -D- galactopyranoside].
  • Structure ⁇ mouth structure of (25S)-26-O- ⁇ — D-glucopyranosyl — 22-Hydroxy-5 ⁇ -furostone-3
  • timosaponin BII In 1963, Kawasaki Toshio and others first separated timosaponin BII, but did not clarify its structure.
  • the chemical structure of timosaponin BII was first elucidated by Nan Yunqing Second Class in 1991 (Seiji NAGUMO et al, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Japan), 1991; 111 (1): 306-310). Later Noboru Nakashima (NOBORU NA ASHIMA et al, Journal of Natural Products, 1993; 56 (3): 345-350), Ma Baiping (Ma Baiping, Pharmaceutical Journal, 1996; 31 (4): 271-277), Masayasu Kimula (Masayasu KIMURA et al, Biol. Pharm.
  • timosaponin B II has activities of lowering blood sugar, inhibiting platelet aggregation, scavenging free radicals, and anti-dementia.
  • the existing literatures basically use n-butanol extraction, normal-phase silica gel column chromatography, and combined with macroporous adsorption resin or high-performance liquid chromatography. The n-butanol extraction of saponin is severely emulsified; the amount of silica gel column chromatography is limited, and the silica gel packing is not easy to be recycled. Water mixed solvent systems are difficult to recycle. So saponin
  • the preparation method of ⁇ is often complicated, the preparation amount is small, the purity is not high, and it is not suitable for industrial preparation. Even when using macroporous adsorption resins and reversed-phase liquid chromatography, methanol-water eluents are often used.
  • the C-22 hydroxyl group of saponin BII can be methoxylated in a solvent containing methanol to generate a certain proportion of methoxy Basal compound (Samoan saponin BI) (Seiji NAGUMO et al, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Japan), 1991; 111 (1): 306-310), so that a part of the sample will be lost in the preparation, and at the same time, the solvent obtained by recovering the solvent is also Zhimu A mixture of saponin BII and timosaponin BI makes it difficult to obtain a monomeric compound of timosaponin B ⁇ .
  • Timosaponin ⁇ Therefore, it is necessary to improve the preparation method of timosaponin BII. Summary of the invention
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved method for preparing timosaponin BII, which avoids the use of n-butanol in extraction and purification, applies silica gel column chromatography, and avoids the use of methanol in elution, thereby ensuring the timosa Purity and yield of saponin BII.
  • the present invention relates to an improved method for preparing timosaponin BII, which includes:
  • a solvent selected from water, acetone, ethanol, and propanol may be selected, and a mixed solvent composed of any two or more solvents in any ratio may be selected at room temperature.
  • a mixed solvent composed of any two or more solvents in any ratio may be selected at room temperature.
  • the number of extractions may be one or multiple. Among them, preferably:
  • Decoction in water or refluxing, osmotic or ultrasonic extraction of 10-95% aqueous ethanol solution; or refluxing, osmotic or ultrasonic extraction of 10-80% aqueous acetone solution.
  • the resin in step b), for the resin adsorption method, can be selected from D-101 type adsorption resin, AB-8 type resin, XAD-2 type resin, HP20 type resin, SP825 type resin, S 700 type adsorption resin, CHP-20P type adsorption resin or SP70 type adsorption resin and other types of polystyrene type Porous adsorption resin, and the elution solvent is one or more of water, acetone, ethanol, and propanol. The elution can be performed at the same concentration or in a gradient.
  • the centrifugal supernatant or the filtrate of the extraction solution is adsorbed by a macroporous resin, and impurities are removed by rinsing with water or a low concentration of acetone or a lower alcohol aqueous solution.
  • the lower alcohol is ethanol or propanol, and its concentration is 5-30%.
  • the amount used is 2-7 times (2-7BV) of the column volume; and then eluted with a higher concentration of acetone or a lower alcohol aqueous solution.
  • the lower alcohol is ethanol and propanol, and the concentration is 20-70%.
  • the amount used is the column.
  • the volume is 2-7 times (2-7BV), depending on the detection situation, this part of the eluate or part of the eluate is collected, the solvent is recovered, and the crude parent saponin BII is obtained.
  • step b) of the present invention column chromatography or static adsorption filtration can be selected, and the eluent is eluted with one or more of water, acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol, and propanol. It can be eluted at the same concentration or gradient.
  • the aqueous solution containing timosaponin BII was passed through a polyamide column and eluted with water or an aqueous solution of a low concentration of acetone or a lower alcohol.
  • the lower alcohol was ethanol or propanol, and its concentration was 0-15%. 2-5 times (2-5 BV), according to the detection situation, collect this part of the eluate or part of the eluate, recover the solvent, and concentrate to obtain timosaponin BII.
  • add polyamide to the aqueous solution containing timosaponin BII stir well, place, filter with a Buchner funnel, and further elute with water or a low-concentration acetone or lower alcohol aqueous solution.
  • the column packing used in the reversed-phase column chromatography used in the present invention b can be selected, and the column packing used can be octadecyl bonded phase (ODS) or octyl bonded phase.
  • ODS octadecyl bonded phase
  • the eluent is one or more of water-containing acetonitrile, water-containing acetone, water-containing ethanol, and propanol. The elution may be carried out at an equal concentration or in a gradient.
  • the eluent was used to dissolve the sample containing timosaponin B ⁇ , and the sample solution Pass into a reversed-phase chromatography column and elute with one or more of water-containing acetonitrile, water-containing acetone or water-containing ethanol, and propanol.
  • the concentration of the organic solvent is 15-60%, and collect them in steps.
  • the eluate was recovered and concentrated to obtain timosaponin BII.
  • atmospheric or pressurized column chromatography can be selected, and the eluent is one or more of water-containing acetonitrile, water-containing acetone, water-containing ethanol, and water-based propanol.
  • the species can be eluted at the same concentration or gradient.
  • the eluent was used to dissolve the sample containing timosaponin BII, and the sample solution was passed through a Sephadex LH-20 chromatography column, and one of C2-C5 alcohols such as aqueous acetonitrile, aqueous acetone, or aqueous ethanol and aqueous propanol was used.
  • C2-C5 alcohols such as aqueous acetonitrile, aqueous acetone, or aqueous ethanol and aqueous propanol was used.
  • the organic solvent concentration is 5-60%, collected step by step, according to the detection situation, part of the eluates are combined, the solvent is recovered, and concentrated to obtain timosaponin BII.
  • the drying in step c) is a drying method known in the art, for example, such as drying under reduced pressure, freeze drying or spray drying.
  • the present invention mainly solves the problem of complicated methods in the prior art, and in particular, it solves the problems of low purity and loss of yield of timosaponin B ⁇ due to the use of n-butanol, silica gel column chromatography, and methanol in the process.
  • the purity of the saponin BII prepared by the method is higher than 90%, and the process is simple and practical, which is suitable for industrial production. detailed description
  • the mother saponin BII is mainly concentrated in the 35% acetone portion.
  • the eluent was recovered with acetone, concentrated, and spray dried to obtain 45.0 g of a crude sample of mother saponin BII.
  • the 10% acetone portion was collected step by step, each 800 mL, and the purity of each portion was detected by HPLC.
  • mother saponin BII was mainly concentrated in the 50% ethanol part. It was concentrated to a small volume and dried under vacuum to obtain 59.3 g of a crude sample of mother saponin BII. Take 50 g of the crude sample and dissolve it in 200 ml of a 25% acetone solution, and pass through a 25% acetone equilibrated C18 column (6.5L). The column was eluted with 28% acetone (20000ml), 30% acetone (20000ml), and 80% acetone (15000ml). The 28% and 30% acetone fractions were collected in steps, 600mL each, and the purity of each fraction was determined by HPLC.
  • Structural identification of timosaponin ⁇ The structural identification was performed by means of infrared, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results are as follows.
  • EI-MS m / z 740 (M-H2O-GIc) +, 578 (M- 0-Glc x 2) +, 416 (aglycon- ⁇ 2 ⁇ ) +, 415 (aglycon- ⁇ - ⁇ 2 ⁇ ) +, 357, 273, 217, 181, 139.
  • 13C-NMR spectrum data are shown in Table 1. This compound is (25S) -26-0- ⁇ glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-5 ⁇ -furoste-3 ⁇ , 26-diol-3-0- ⁇ glucopyranosyl (1 ⁇ 2 )- ⁇ galactopyranoside. Table 1. 13 C-NMR chemical shift (C 5 D 5 N) of timosaponin BII chemical shift carbon chemical shift aglycon
  • Total saponin was dissolved in methanol, mixed with 60 g of silica gel, and heated to dry the solvent.
  • the mixed sample was loaded onto a silica gel column (3L) packed in a dry method.
  • the chloroform-methanol-water gradient was used to elute.
  • the chloroform-methanol-water (60: 40: 10 lower phase) was collected.
  • a portion of the mother saponin BII was concentrated to dryness to obtain a crude product of 2,3 g; and then subjected to silica gel column chromatography (500 mL), eluting with chloroform-methanol-water, and collecting chloroform-methanol-water (65:35:10 lower phase).

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Description

知母皂苷 Bll 的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及知母皂苷 ΒΠ的分离制备方法。 背景技术
中药知母为百合科 (Lmaceae)知母属多年生草本植物知母 Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. 的才艮茎, 主产于河北、 内蒙古、 山西及东北等地, 中医用作苦寒清热药, 有清热泻火, 滋阴润燥 的功效, 主要治疗外感热病、 高热烦渴、 肺热燥咳、 骨蒸潮热、 内热消渴和肠燥便秘等。 知母的主要成分是 体皂苷 (steroidal saponin), 其次还有黄酮、 寡糖、 多糖及脂肪酸等。 药理研究表 明知母主要有抗菌抗病毒、 退热、 降血糖、 镇静、 抑制血小板聚 集、 抗肿瘤以及辐射防护等作用。
知母皂苷 BII ( Timosaponin BII ) , 又名原知母皂苷 ΑΙΠ ( Prototimosaponin AIII )等,是知母中的主要成分,结构为( 25S ) - 26 - O - β — D-葡萄吡喃糖基— 22-羟基 -5β -呋甾 - 3 β、 26 -二醇 -3- Ο- β -D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1— 2) - β - D -半 乳吡喃糖苷 [(25S)-26-0- β -D-ghicopyranosyl- 22- hydroxy-5 β -furostane-3 β , 26-diol-3-0- β -D-glucopyranosyl(l→ 2)- β -D- galactopyranoside]。 结构^口下:
Figure imgf000003_0001
1963年川崎敏男等首次分出知母皂苷 BII, 但并未阐明其结 构。 1991年南云清二等首次阐明了知母皂苷 BII的化学结构( Seiji NAGUMO et al, 药学杂志(日), 1991; 111(1): 306-310 ) 。 以后 Noboru Nakashima ( NOBORU NA ASHIMA et al, Journal of Natural Products, 1993; 56(3):345-350 ) 、 马百平 (马百平等, 药学学报, 1996; 31(4): 271 - 277 ) , Masayasu Kimula ( Masayasu KIMURA et al, Biol.Pharm.Bull,1996; 19(7): 926-931 )和 Jianying Zhang ( Jianying ZHANG et al, Clinica Chimica Acta, 1999; 289:79-88 )等先后报道了知母皂苷 BII的分离及活性。研究表明, 知母皂苷 Β Π具有降血糖、 抑制血小板聚集、 清除自由基、 以及 抗痴呆的活性。 在知母皂苷 Β Π的分离制备上, 已有文献基本均 应用正丁醇萃取、 正相硅胶柱层析, 同时结合大孔吸附树脂或高 效液相色谱制备获得。 正丁醇萃取皂苷乳化严重; 硅胶柱层析上 样量有限, 硅胶填料不易再生利用, 洗脱溶剂应用氯仿-甲醇- 水混合溶剂系统, 回收利用较难。 所以现有文献报道的知母皂苷
ΒΠ的制备方法往往过程复杂, 制备量小, 纯度不高, 不适于工 业化制备。 即使使用大孔吸附树脂及反相液相色谱, 也往往使用 甲醇-水洗脱剂,知母皂苷 BII的 C-22羟基在含甲醇的溶剂中可 以甲氧基化, 生成一定比例的甲氧基化物(知母皂苷 BI ) ( Seiji NAGUMO et al, 药学杂志(日), 1991; 111(1): 306-310 ) , 这样 在制备中就会损失一部分样品, 同时回收溶剂得到的也是知母皂 苷 ΒΠ和知母皂苷 ΒΙ的混合物, 很难得到知母皂苷 ΒΠ的单体 化合物。
知母皂苷 ΒΙ
Figure imgf000004_0001
因此, 改进知母皂苷 ΒΠ的制备方法是十分必要的。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种改进的知母皂苷 BII的制备方法, 该方法避免在提取纯化中使用正丁醇、 应用硅胶柱层析, 以及避 免在洗脱中使用甲醇, 从而保证了知母皂苷 BII的纯度和收率。
因此, 本发明涉及一种改进的知母皂苷 ΒΠ的制备方法, 其 包括:
a ) 将市售 的 中 药知母饮片 或者新鲜采集的知母 ( Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. )才艮茎或须才艮为原料, 用选自 水、 丙酮、 乙醇、 丙醇或它们的至少两种混合物溶剂提取,
b )将 a ) 中提取物通过选自树脂吸附、 聚酰胺层析、 反相柱 层析法或 Sephadex LH-20柱层析法的一种或者多种方式分离,用 水、 丙酮、 乙腈、 乙醇、 丙醇或它们的至少两种混合物作洗脱剂 洗脱,
c )合并 b ) 中洗脱液, 然后干燥得知母皂苷 BII。
根据本发明, 在步骤 a ) 中, 可选用水、 丙酮、 乙醇、 丙醇 中的一种溶剂, 也可选用其中的任意两种或多种溶剂以任意比例 所组成的混合溶剂, 在室温下浸润提取或者超声波振荡仪超声振 荡提取, 或者在加热状态下浸润提取或回流提取, 提取次数可以 是一次, 也可以是多次。 其中, 优选:
水煎煮; 或 10 - 95 %的乙醇水溶液回流、 渗漉或超声提取; 或 10 - 80 %的丙酮水溶液回流、 渗漉或超声提取。
根据本发明, 在步骤 b ) 中, 针对树脂吸附法, 树脂可选用 D-101型吸附树脂、 AB-8型吸附树脂、 XAD-2型吸附树脂、 HP20 型吸附树脂、 SP825型吸附树脂、 S 700型吸附树脂、 CHP-20P 型吸附树脂或者 SP70 型吸附树脂以及其他型号的聚苯乙烯型大 孔吸附树脂, 洗脱溶剂用水、 丙酮、 乙醇、 丙醇中的一种或多种, 洗脱时可以等浓度洗脱, 也可以梯度洗脱。
进一步讲,提取液的离心上清液或过滤液通过大孔树脂吸附, 用水或低浓度的丙酮或低级醇的水溶液淋洗除去杂质, 低级醇为 乙醇或丙醇, 其浓度为 5 - 30 %, 用量为柱体积的 2 - 7倍(2 - 7BV ) ; 再用较高浓度的丙酮或低级醇的水溶液洗脱, 低级醇为 乙醇、 丙醇, 其浓度为 20 - 70 %, 用量为柱体积的 2 - 7倍(2 - 7BV ) , 居检测情况, 收集此部分洗脱液或其中部分洗脱液, 回收溶剂, 浓缩, 得到粗知母皂苷 BII。
在本发明步驟 b )选用的聚酰胺层析法中, 可选柱层析法或 静态吸附过滤法, 洗脱剂用水、 丙酮、 乙腈、 乙醇、 丙醇中的一 种或多种, 洗脱时可以等浓度洗脱, 也可以梯度洗脱。
进一步讲, 含知母皂苷 ΒΠ的水溶液通过聚酰胺柱, 用水或 低浓度的丙酮或低级醇的水溶液洗脱, 低级醇为乙醇或丙醇, 其 浓度为 0 - 15 %, 用量为柱体积的 2 - 5倍( 2 - 5BV ) , 根据检测 情况, 收集此部分洗脱液或其中部分洗脱液, 回收溶剂, 浓缩, 得到知母皂苷 ΒΠ。 或含知母皂苷 ΒΙΙ的水溶液中加入聚酰胺, 充分搅拌、 放置, 布氏漏斗过滤, 用水或低浓度的丙酮或低级醇 的水溶液进一步洗脱, 根据检测情况, 收集此部分洗脱液或其中 部分洗脱液, 回收溶剂, 浓缩, 得到知母皂苷 ΒΙΙ。 再用高浓度 的丙酮、 乙醇或丙醇的水溶液, 或酸、 碱再生。
在本发明 b ) 中选用的反相柱层析中, 可选用常压或加压反 相柱层析, 所用柱填料可选十八烷基键合相 (ODS ) 或八烷基键 合相, 洗脱剂用含水乙腈、 含水丙酮或者含水乙醇、 丙醇中的一 种或多种, 洗脱时可以等浓度洗脱, 也可以梯度洗脱。
进一步讲, 用洗脱剂溶解含知母皂苷 ΒΠ的样品, 样品溶液 通入反相层析柱, 用含水乙腈、 含水丙酮或者含水乙醇、 丙醇中 的一种或多种洗脱, 有机溶剂浓度为 15 - 60 % , 分步收集, 根据 检测情况, 合并其中部分洗脱液, 回收溶剂, 浓缩, 得到知母皂 苷 BII。
在本发明 b )中选用的 Sephadex LH-20柱层析中, 可选用常 压或加压柱层析, 洗脱剂用含水乙腈、 含水丙酮或者含水乙醇、 含水丙醇中的一种或多种, 洗脱时可以等浓度洗脱, 也可以梯度 洗脱。
进一步讲, 用洗脱剂溶解含知母皂苷 BII的样品, 样品溶液 通入 Sephadex LH-20层析柱,用含水乙腈、含水丙酮或者含水乙 醇、 含水丙醇等 C2 - C5醇类中的一种或多种洗脱, 有机溶剂浓 度为 5 - 60 % , 分步收集, 根据检测情况, 合并其中部分洗脱液, 回收溶剂, 浓缩, 得到知母皂苷 BII。
根据本发明, 步骤 c ) 中所述干燥为本领域中已知的干燥方 法, 举例讲, 如减压干燥, 冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥。
本发明主要解决了已有工艺中方法复杂的问题, 特別是解决 了由于工艺中使用正丁醇、硅胶柱层析及甲醇,致使知母皂苷 ΒΠ 纯度不高, 收率损失的问题, 本发明方法制备的知母皂苷 BII的 純度高于 90%, 而且工艺简单实用, 适宜于产业化生产。 具体实施方式
下面的实施例用于进一步说明本发明, 但其不意味着对本发 明的任何限制。
实施例 1
知母皂苷 ΒΠ的制备
中药知母饮片 8Kg, 适当粉碎, 加 50 %乙醇 48L, 浸泡 1小 时, 回流提取 1小时, 过滤; 药渣再同样回流提取 2次。 合并醇 提液, 回收乙醇, 减压浓缩至 40L。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附树 脂 SP825 (日本三菱公司)装柱( 18L ) , 水平衡。 提取浓缩液过 滤, 滤液上样, 用水洗除去杂质。 之后依次用 3倍柱体积( 3BV ) 的 35%乙醇、 3BV 的 50%乙醇和 3BV的 95 %乙醇洗脱, 经检测 知母皂苷 ΒΠ主要集中于 50%乙醇部分,此部分洗脱液回收乙醇, 浓缩至小体积,加乙醇至 35 %备用。再生后的大孔吸附树脂 SP825 柱(18L )用 35 %乙醇平衡,通入上述备用样品,用 45 %乙醇 6BV 洗脱, 分步收集, 每份 2000mL, HPLC检测各份纯度。 将 18 - 30份合并, 回收乙醇, 浓缩至小体积备用。 此样品通入处理好的 聚酰胺柱中(6L, 30-60目,临江试剂化工厂), 水洗脱 5BV, 色带部 分舍去, 分步收集, 每份 600mL, HPLC检测, 合并第 6 - 23份, 浓缩,喷雾干燥,得知母皂苷 BII 56.5g,产品收率为药材的 0.71%, HPLC检测纯度为 90.8%。 实施例 2
知母皂苷 BII的制备
中药知母饮片 5Kg, 适当粉碎, 加 30 %丙酮 30L, 浸泡 2小 时, 用超声波振荡器超声提取 0.5 小时, 过滤; 药渣再同样超声 提取 2次。 合并提取液, 回收丙酮, 减压浓缩至 30L。 将预先处 理好的大孔吸附树脂 AB - 8 (天津南开化工厂) 装柱(18L ) , 水平衡。 提取浓缩液过滤, 滤液上样, 用水洗杂质。 之后依次用 3倍柱体积 ( 3BV ) 的 20%乙醇、 3BV 的 50%乙醇和 3BV的 95 %乙醇洗脱, 经检测知母皂苷 BII主要集中于 50%乙醇部分, 此 部分洗脱液回收乙醇, 浓缩至小体积, 真空干燥得知母皂苷 BII 粗样品 286g。 将粗样品 80g溶解于 1000ml 25 %丙酮溶液, 通入 25%丙酮平衡好的 C18柱(6.5L)。依次用 28 %丙酮( 20000ml )、 30%丙酮 (20000ml) 洗脱, 80%丙酮 ( 13000ml)再生柱子。 28 %和 30 %丙酮部分分步收集,每份 600mL, HPLC检测各份纯度。 将 6-21份合并, 回收丙酮, 浓缩至小体积, 冰干, 得知母皂苷 BII12.9g, 产品收率为药材的 0.92%, HPLC检测纯度为 94.3 %。 实施例 3
知母皂苷 BII的制备
中药知母饮片 5Kg, 适当粉碎, 加 30%丙酮 30L, 浸泡 2小 时, 用超声波振荡器超声提取 0.5 小时, 过滤; 药渣再同样超声 提取 2次。 合并提取液, 回收丙酮, 减压浓缩至 30L。 将预先处 理好的大孔吸附树脂 AB-8 (天津南开化工厂)装柱 (18L) , 水平衡。 提取浓缩液过滤, 滤液上样, 用水洗除去杂质。 之后依 次用 3倍柱体积 (3BV) 的 20%乙醇、 3BV 的 50%乙醇和 3BV 的 95%乙醇洗脱,经检测知母皂苷 ΒΠ主要集中于 50%乙醇部分, 此部分洗脱液回收乙醇,浓缩至小体积,真空干燥得知母皂苷 ΒΠ 粗样品 290g。 将粗样品 80g溶解于 1000ml 25%丙酮溶液, 通入 32 %甲醇平衡好的 C18柱( 6.5L )。依次用 32 %甲醇( 20000ml )、 34%甲醇 (20000ml) 洗脱, 90%甲醇 ( 15000ml)再生柱子。 32 %和 34%曱醇部分分步收集,每份 600mL, HPLC检测各份纯度。 将 8-19份合并, 回收甲醇, 浓缩至小体积, 水干, 得知母皂苷 BII样品 9.7g, HPLC检测纯度为 73.1%; 此样品溶解于 30%丙 酮中, 95°C回流 5小时, 回收丙酮, 浓缩至小体积, 冰干, 得知 母皂苷 BII 9.7g, 产品收率为药材的 0.70%, HPLC检测纯度为 93.9 %。 实施例 4
知母皂苷 BII的制备
知母新鲜根茎 4Kg, 切薄片, 加入 10L水, 煎煮 1小时, 过 滤; 药渣再加入 8L水, 煎煮 1小时, 过滤。 合并滤液, 减压浓 缩至 10L, 加乙醇至 25%, 静置备用。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附 树脂 D101 (天津农药厂)装柱(6L) , 25%乙醇平衡。 上述备用 提取液过滤, 滤液上样,依次用 3倍柱体积(3BV)的 25%乙醇、 3BV 的 35%乙醇和 3BV的 90%乙醇洗脱, 经检测知母皂苷 BII 主要集中于 35%乙醇部分, 此部分洗脱液回收乙醇, 浓缩至小体 积备用。 此样品通入处理好的聚酰胺柱中(6L, 30-60目,临江试剂 化工厂) , 5BV水洗脱, 舍去有色部分, 分步收集, 每份 600ml, HPLC检测, 合并第 8- 24份, 浓缩, 喷雾干燥, 得知母皂苷 ΒΠ 脱色粗样品 51g。 取其中粗样品约 40g样品溶解于 200ml 35%乙 醇溶液, 通入 35%乙醇平衡好的 Sephadex LH-20柱 ( 8.5L ) , 用 35%乙醇 (50000ml) 洗脱, 95%乙醇 (20000ml)再生柱子。
35%乙醇部分分步收集, 每份 800mL, HPLC检测各份純度。 将 16-35 份合并, 回收乙醇, 浓缩至小体积, 水干, 得知母皂苷 BII11.2g,产品收率为新鲜根茎的 0.36% (相当干药材的 1.07%), HPLC检测纯度为 92.3 %。 实施例 5
知母皂苷 ΒΠ的制备
知母须根 2Kg, 切咀, 加入 16L水, 煎煮 1小时, 过滤; 药 渣再加入 12L水,煎煮 1小时,过滤。合并滤液,减压浓缩至 12L, 加丙酮至 15%, 静置备用。 将预先处理好的大孔吸附树脂 SP700 (日本三菱公司)装柱 (6L) , 15%丙酮平衡。 上述备用提取液 过滤, 滤液上样, 依次用 3倍柱体积 (3BV) 的 25%丙酮、 3BV 的 35%丙酮和 3BV的 80%丙酮洗脱, 经检测知母皂苷 BII主要 集中于 35%丙酮部分,此部分洗脱液回收丙酮, 浓缩, 喷雾千燥, 得知母皂苷 BII粗样品 45.0g。 取其中粗样品约 40g样品溶解于 200ml 10%丙酮溶液, 通入 10%丙酮平衡好的 Sephadex LH-20 柱(8.5L), 用 10%丙酮(40000ml)洗脱, 80%丙酮(20000ml) 再生柱子。 10%丙酮部分分步收集, 每份 800mL, HPLC检测各 份纯度。 将 20 -36份合并, 回收丙酮, 浓缩至小体积, 冰干, 得 知母皂苷 BII 9.2g, 产品收率为须根原料的 0.52%, HPLC检测 纯度为 91.7%。 实施例 6
知母皂苷 ΒΠ的制备
知母新鲜根茎 4Kg, 切薄片, 加入 50%乙醇 8L, 浸泡 2小 时, 用超声波振荡器超声提取 0.5 小时, 过滤; 药渣再同样超声 提取 2次。 合并提取液, 回收乙醇, 减压浓缩至 10L。 将预先处 理好的大孔吸附树脂 AB - 8 (天津南开化工厂)装柱( 6L ) , 水 平衡。 提取浓缩液过滤, 滤液上样, 水洗除去杂质。 之后依次用 3倍柱体积 (3BV) 的 20%乙醇、 3BV 的 50%乙醇和 3BV的 95 %乙醇洗脱, 经检测知母皂苷 BII主要集中于 50%乙醇部分, 此 部分洗脱液回收乙醇, 浓缩至小体积, 真空干燥得知母皂苷 BII 粗样品 59.3g。取粗样品其中 50g溶解于 200ml 25%丙酮溶液,通 入 25%丙酮平衡好的 C18柱( 6.5L )。依次用 28 %丙酮( 20000ml )、 30%丙酮 (20000ml) 洗脱, 80%丙酮 ( 15000ml)再生柱子。 28 %和 30 %丙酮部分分步收集,每份 600mL, HPLC检测各份纯度。 将 6-25 份合并, 回收丙酮, 浓缩至小体积, 冰干得知母皂苷 BII15.6go 取其中 14.1g样品再溶解于 70ml 25 %的丙酮中, 通入 25 %丙酮平衡好的 C18柱 (6.5L ) 。 用 28 %丙酮 (40000ml ) 洗 脱, 80 %丙酮( 1200ml )再生柱子。分步收集,每份 600mL, HPLC 检测各份纯度。 将 8 - 19份合并, 回收丙酮, 浓缩至小体积, 冰 干得知母皂苷 ΒΠ 4.5g, 产品收率为新鲜根茎的 0.15% (相当干 药材的 0.44% ) , HPLC检测纯度为 98.6 °/0。
样 品 为 白 色 无 定 形 粉 末 , mp>243 °C (dec) 。 Liebermann-Burchard反应和 Molish反应呈阳性, 对 Ehrlich试 剂亦呈阳性反应。
知母皂苷 ΒΠ的结构鉴定: 利用红外、 质谱和核磁等手段进 行了结构鉴定, 结果如下。
IR (漫反射) cm-1 :3348(OH), 2930, 2850, 1075, 1044(苷键 c-o)。
FAB-MS m/z 943(M+Na)+ , 903(Μ+Η-Η2θ)+ , 741(M+H-H20-Glc)+ , 579(M+H-H20-Glc x 2)+ , 417(M+H-H20-Glc x 2-Gal)+ , 399(苷元 +H-H2O x 2)+, 255, 185, 145。
EI-MS m/z 740(M-H2O-GIc) + , 578(M- 0-Glc x 2)+ , 416(苷元 -Η2θ)+ , 415(苷元 -Η-Η2θ)+, 357, 273, 217, 181, 139。
lH-NMR(C5 D5 N) δ :0.85(3H, S, I8-CH3 ), 0.96(3H, S, I9-CH3 ), 1.00(3H, d, J=6.4Hz, 27-CH3 ), 1.30(3H, d, J=6.8Hz, 2I-CH3 ), 4.79(1H, d, J=7.8Hz, GIc 1-H), 4.90(1H, d, J=7.8Hz, Gal 1-H), 5.27(1H, d, J=7.8Hz, Glc 1-H)„
13C-NMR谱数据见表 1 。此化合物为 (25S)-26-0- β 葡萄 吡喃糖基 -22-羟基 -5 β -呋甾 -3 β、 26-二醇 -3-0- β 葡萄吡喃糖基 (1→2)- β 半乳吡喃糖苷。 表 1. 知母皂苷 BII的 13C - NMR化学位移 ( C5D5N ) 化学位移 碳 化学位移 苷元 糖
1 30.9 gal - l 102.5
2 27.0 2 81.8
3 75.0 3 76.9
4 30.9 4 69.8
5 36.9 5 76.5
6 26.7 6 62.1
7 26.7 glc - 1 106.1
8 35.4 2 75.5
9 40.2 3 78.0
10 35.2 4 71.4
11 21.1 5 78.4
12 40.4 6 62.7
13 41.2 26glc - 1 105.1
14 56.4 2 75.2
15 32.4 3 78.5
16 81.2 4 71.6
17 64.0 5 78.4
18 16.7 6 62.7
19 24.0
20 40.6 21 16.4
22 110.6
23 37.1
24 28.3
25 34.4
26 75.3
27 17.4 对比实施例 1
知母皂苷 ΒΠ的制备
中药知母饮片 lKg, 适当粉碎, 加 60%乙醇 6L浸泡 1小时, 加热回流提取 1小时, 过滤; 药渣再同样回流提取 2次。 合并乙 醇提取液, 回收乙醇, 减压浓缩至 4L。 浓缩液中加入 4L水饱和 正丁醇振摇混勾后静置分层, 取上层正丁醇液; 下层水液再加入 水饱和正丁醇同样萃取 4次,合并 5次萃取的正丁醇液浓缩至干, 得到总皂苷 33.1g。 总皂苷用甲醇溶解, 拌入硅胶 60g, 加热挥干 溶剂。 将拌好的样品上样到干法装好的硅胶层析柱 (3L) 中, 氯 仿-甲醇-水梯度洗脱, 收集氯仿 -甲醇-水( 60: 40: 10下相 ) 洗脱含知母皂苷 BII的部分浓缩至干, 得粗品 2,3g; 再经硅胶柱 层析(500mL),氯仿-甲醇-水洗脱,收集氯仿-甲醇-水(65: 35: 10下相) 洗脱部分, 每份 50ml, 第 15 - 23份浓缩干得样品 0.67go 此样品用 32%甲醇溶解, 进行 C18反相柱层析( 600ml), 依次用 32%曱醇( 1800ml) 、 34%甲醇( 1800ml)洗脱, 90%甲 醇 ( 1200ml) 再生柱子。 32%和 34%甲醇部分分步收集, 每份 50mL。 HPLC检测各份纯度, 第 13 -21份合并, 回收甲醇, 浓 缩至小体积, 水干, 得知母皂苷 BII 样品 0.34g, HPLC检测纯 度为 75.5%; 此样品溶解于 30 %的丙酮中, 95°C水浴回流加热 5 小时, 回收丙酮, 浓缩, 冰干得知母皂苷 ΒΠ 0.33g, 产品收率为 药材的 0.033%, 纯度为 93.4 %。

Claims

1. 一种改进的知母皂苷 ΒΠ的制备方法, 其包括:
a ) 将市售 的 中 药知母饮片 或者新鲜采集的知母 ( Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. )才艮茎或须才艮为原料 , 用选自 水、 丙酮、 乙醇、 丙醇或它们的至少两种混合物溶剂提取,
b )将 a ) 中提取物通过选自树脂吸附、 聚酰胺层析、 反相柱 层析法或 Sephadex LH-20柱层析法的一种或者多种方式分离,用 水、 丙酮、 乙腈、 乙醇、 丙醇或它们的至少两种混合物作洗脱剂 洗脱,
c )合并 b ) 中洗脱液, 然后干燥得到知母皂苷 BII。
2. 如权利要求 1所述方法, 其特征在于 a ) 中提取是在室温 或加热状态下提取、 超声波振荡仪超声振荡提取, 提取次数可以 是一次, 也可以是多次。
3. 如权利要求 1所述方法, 其特征在于 a ) 中所述溶剂提取 是在水煎煮原料后, 用下述方法之一提取:
10 - 95 %的乙醇水溶液回流、 渗漉或超声提取;
10 - 80 %的丙酮水溶液回流、 渗漉或超声提取。
4. 如权利要求 1所述方法, 其特征在于 b ) 中所述树脂吸附 法中所用的树脂为聚苯乙烯型大孔吸附树脂, 洗脱溶剂选自: 由 水、 丙酮、 乙醇和丙醇组成的溶剂, 洗脱时可以等浓度洗脱, 也 可以梯度洗脱。
5. 如权利要求 4 所述方法, 其特征在于 b ) 中所述树脂为 D-101型吸附树脂、 AB-8型吸附树脂、 XAD-2型吸附树脂、 HP20 型吸附树脂、 SP825型吸附树脂、 SF700型吸附树脂、 CHP-20P 型吸附树脂或者 SP70型吸附树脂。
6. 如权利要求 5所述方法, 其特征在于所述树脂吸附法为: 使溶剂提取液的离心上清液或过滤液通过大孔树脂吸附, 用水或 5-30%的丙酮、 乙醇或丙醇的水溶液淋洗除去杂质, 用量为柱体 积的 2-7倍, 再用 20- 70%的丙酮或乙醇或丙醇的水溶液洗脱, 用量为柱体积的 2- 7倍。
7. 如权利要求 1所述知母皂苷 B II的分离制备方法, 其特征 在于 b) 所述聚酰胺层析为柱层析法或静态吸附过滤法, 洗脱剂 选自由水、 丙酮、 乙腈、 乙醇或丙醇组成的溶剂, 洗脱时可以等 浓度洗脱, 也可以梯度洗脱。
8. 如权利要求 1所述方法, 其特征在于 b ) 中所述聚酰胺层 析为: 使含知母皂苷 BII的水溶液通过聚酰胺柱, 用水或 0-15 %的丙酮、 乙醇或丙醇的水溶液洗脱, 用量为柱体积的 2- 5倍。
9. 如权利要求 1所述方法,其特征在于所述反相柱层析法为 常压或加压反相柱层析, 所用柱填料为十八垸基键合相 (ODS) 或八烷基键合相, 洗脱剂选自由含水乙腈、 含水丙酮、 含水乙醇 和含水丙醇组成的洗脱剂, 洗脱时可以等浓度洗脱, 也可以梯度 洗脱。
10. 如权利要求 1所述知母皂苷 ΒΠ的分离制备方法, 其特 征在于所述 Sephadex LH-20柱层析法为常压或加压柱层析,洗脱 剂选自由含水乙腈、 含水丙酮、 含水乙醇和含水丙醇組成的洗脱 剂, 洗脱时可以等浓度洗脱, 也可以梯度洗脱。
PCT/CN2005/000554 2004-04-29 2005-04-21 A precess for preparation of timosaponin b ii Ceased WO2005105824A1 (en)

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HK07108526.9A HK1100865B (zh) 2004-04-29 2005-04-21 知母皂苷bii的制备方法
JP2007509855A JP5208499B2 (ja) 2004-04-29 2005-04-21 チモサポニンbiiの調製方法
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CA2564889A1 (en) 2005-11-10
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