WO2005110202A1 - 電子内視鏡 - Google Patents
電子内視鏡 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005110202A1 WO2005110202A1 PCT/JP2005/008800 JP2005008800W WO2005110202A1 WO 2005110202 A1 WO2005110202 A1 WO 2005110202A1 JP 2005008800 W JP2005008800 W JP 2005008800W WO 2005110202 A1 WO2005110202 A1 WO 2005110202A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- image
- optical system
- objective optical
- electronic endoscope
- signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
- A61B1/055—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances having rod-lens arrangements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
- A61B1/00009—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
- A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
- A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
- A61B1/00096—Optical elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
- A61B1/00188—Optical arrangements with focusing or zooming features
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/012—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor
- A61B1/018—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor for receiving instruments
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electronic endoscope that includes a solid-state imaging device and can be used with various treatment tools.
- an endoscope is capable of observing the inside of a living body or the like, which cannot be directly seen, and is widely used for diagnosis and treatment mainly in the medical field.
- Electronic endoscopes which convert a subject image into an electric signal by a solid-state imaging device such as a CCD and enable observation on a monitor, have become widespread. Further, in recent years, electronic endoscopes employing a zoom optical system for more detailed observation of a subject, and high-resolution endoscopes using a multi-pixel solid-state imaging device have become widespread.
- the former electronic endoscope that uses a zoom optical system cannot use a complicated configuration due to restrictions that do not increase the size of the tip, so it is a variable-magnification zoom optical system that moves one lens group and changes the viewing angle.
- the system is common.
- a first lens group having a negative refractive power in order from the object side as shown in FIG. 10 a stop aperture S, a second lens group 20 having a positive refractive power, and a third lens group 30 having a negative refractive power.
- the first lens group 10 and the third lens group 30 are immobilized, and the second lens group 20 moves to two different points on the optical axis that do not change the object-image distance. It is characterized by: G indicates filters.
- the subject can be imaged with higher resolution by using a multi-pixel solid-state imaging device than before. This has the effect of enabling detailed observation of the subject.
- a variable-magnification zoom optical system as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-330019 is used.
- the angle of view is changed by moving a lens in the imaging optical system when performing detailed observation of a subject, and the magnification is changed. There is a need to.
- the treatment tool projecting from the channel tip opening is imaged by the imaging optical system including the solid-state imaging device depends on the angle of view of the imaging optical system and the distance between the adjacent imaging optical system and the processing tool. Is determined by the distance of In this case, the closer the distance between the adjacent imaging optical system and the treatment tool is, and the wider the angle of view of the imaging optical system is, the sooner the treatment tool is protruded from the imaging optical system when the projection tool is projected. (In a small amount, in a state).
- the present invention provides an electronic endoscope that can obtain a practical depth of field when a single-focus objective optical system is used and that can perform treatment with a treatment tool while observing the subject in detail.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the present invention provides an electronic endoscope capable of performing treatment with a treatment tool while observing a subject on the near point side in detail when an objective optical system having a variable focus position is used. aimed to.
- An electronic endoscope using the single-focus objective optical system of the present invention includes:
- a channel provided in the insertion portion and through which a treatment tool can be passed;
- a single-focus objective optical system that is provided at the distal end of the insertion portion and forms an optical image of a subject, and a light receiving surface is disposed at a position where the objective optical system forms an image.
- the optical image formed on the light receiving surface is An image sensor that performs photoelectric conversion;
- the maximum value of the luminance signal for the white object is Imax and the black value is black.
- an image signal is output such that the contrast I defined above becomes approximately 10% or more when an image of the black-and-white band with a pitch of 35 m is taken from the front end opening of the channel.
- An image near the distal end of the protruding treatment tool is formed on the light receiving surface of the imaging device.
- an electronic endoscope using the variable focal point objective optical system of the present invention includes:
- An objective optical system provided in an insertion portion inserted into the subject
- An image sensor having a predetermined number of pixels on which an optical image of the subject is formed by the objective optical system
- the maximum value of the luminance signal for the white subject is Imax, and the black subject is based on the brightness signal generated from the image signal obtained when the subject of the white and black bands of the same width is imaged.
- the object at a position separated by a predetermined distance from the tip of the insertion section is defined as the objective optical system.
- At least a part of the lens constituting the objective optical system is moved in order to capture a contrast I which is equal to or more than a predetermined value on the near point side of the lens, and the focal length of the objective optical system overlaps with the depth of field.
- the treatment tool is penetrable, and the distal end of the treatment tool protruding a predetermined distance is arranged within the viewing angle of the objective optical system when the focal length is set to the near point by the lens moving unit.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of an endoscope system including a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an imaging unit in the electronic endoscope according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an external view of the distal end surface of the distal end portion of the insertion portion in Example 1 as viewed from the front.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the treatment tool inserted into the channel in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a schematic operation of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is an external view of the distal end face of the distal end portion of the insertion section in Example 2 of the present invention as viewed from the front.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a monitor display image when the treatment tool inserted into the channel in the second embodiment is projected from the distal end.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a display area of an endoscope in a modified example.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electronic endoscope system including a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an imaging unit in an electronic endoscope according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is an external view of the distal end surface of the distal end portion of the insertion portion in Example 3 in which the frontal force is also viewed.
- FIG. 14 is a front view of the distal end face of the distal end of the insertion portion of the electronic endoscope according to the third embodiment as viewed from the front.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. 14.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart of an autofocus operation.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view when the treatment tool is inserted into the treatment tool channel and the treatment tool is projected from the distal end opening.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of an action on the near point side of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electronic endoscope system including a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is an external view of the distal end surface of the distal end portion of the insertion portion in Example 4 of the present invention, which also looks at the frontal force.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. 17.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart of an operation of a two-step autofocus control in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a view showing a monitor display image when the treatment tool inserted into the channel in the fourth embodiment is projected from the distal end.
- FIG. 24 is a configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electronic endoscope system according to a first modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a configuration of a CPU part in a second modification of the fourth embodiment.
- an electronic endoscope system 1 includes an electronic endoscope 2 according to a first embodiment, a light source device 3 serving as a light source for supplying illumination light of the electronic endoscope 2, and an electronic endoscope 2
- An image processing device (signal processing device) 4 that performs signal processing on image pickup means built in the camera, and a standard video signal output from the image processing device 4 is input so that an endoscope image is displayed.
- the monitor 5 is compatible with the Vision TV (HDTV) system.
- the electronic endoscope 2 of the present embodiment includes an insertion portion 7 inserted into a subject, and a rear end of the insertion portion 7.
- the operation unit 8 includes an operation unit 8 that is gripped and operated by an operator such as an operator, and a cable unit 9 that extends from the operation unit 8.
- the insertion section 7 has a hard distal end 11 at its distal end, and the distal end 11 is provided with an imaging unit and the like described later.
- a light guide 14 for transmitting illumination light is inserted into the insertion portion 7, and a rear end side of the light guide 14 reaches a light guide connector 15 provided at the end portion via the cable portion 9.
- illumination light is supplied from the light source device 3 to the rear end face of the light guide 14.
- Illumination light supplied from the light source device 3 is transmitted by the light guide 14 and has a distal end surface force fixed to the distal end portion 11 and illumination lenses 16a and 16b attached to the illumination window to face the distal end surface (see FIG. 3). ) To illuminate a subject such as an affected part in a body cavity.
- An observation window (or an imaging window) is provided at the distal end portion 11 adjacent to the illumination window.
- the imaging window has an objective lens system (or an objective optical system) for forming an optical image of the illuminated subject.
- An imaging unit 19 comprising an imaging element 17 having a light receiving surface (or a photoelectric conversion surface) disposed at an image forming position of the objective lens system 17, for example, a charge-coupled device (abbreviated as CCD) 18. are located.
- CCD charge-coupled device
- One end of a signal cable 21 is connected to the imaging unit 19, and the signal cable 21 inserted into the insertion section 7 is further passed through the cable section 9, and the other end is connected to the signal connector 22 at the rear end.
- the CCD 18 By connecting the signal connector 22 to the image processing device 4, the CCD 18 is driven by a CCD drive signal from the CCD drive unit 23 of the image processing device 4, and the CCD 18 outputs a photoelectrically converted image signal (imaging signal). I do.
- This imaging signal is subjected to signal processing in the image processing device 4 and an endoscope image is displayed on the monitor 5.
- a channel 25 through which various treatment tools can pass is provided in the insertion section 7.
- the channel 25 includes a channel tip opening (also referred to as a tip opening or a forceps port) 26 opening at the tip portion 11, a treatment tool insertion port 27 near the front end of the operation section 8, a tip opening 26, and a treatment tool insertion port.
- a channel tube 25a connecting the mouth 27 is provided. Then, by inserting the treatment tool 28 from the treatment tool inlet 27, the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 protrudes from the distal end opening 26, so that the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 can be used for sampling the affected part tissue, resection, etc. Be able to take action!
- the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 projecting from the distal end opening 26 together with the subject to be inspected or treated, such as the affected tissue, is placed within the field of view of the imaging unit 19 with a small amount of projection. To be able to enter. By doing so, its overhang d d
- the distal end of the treatment tool 28 to be treated can be displayed on the display surface of the monitor 5 so that the operator can smoothly perform treatments and the like.
- the CCD 18 is a mosaic color filter type CCD having a complementary color mosaic color filter, the pixel pitch is 2.5 m, and the number of effective pixels for monitor display is 81 10,000 pixels, the maximum image height on the CCD light receiving surface is 1.3 mm.
- the imaging unit 19 and is used objective lens system 17 of the single Asesun OL point of maximum angle 138 °, the objective lens system 17, by not exceeding the diffraction limit of light 1 h- urchin Fno (F Nampa It is set to be 10.0. The focus is adjusted so that the highest resolution is obtained when the object distance is 4.2 mm.
- the lens data of the objective lens system 17 used in this embodiment is shown below.
- F1 is the focal length of the objective lens system 17
- Ra is the radius of curvature of the lens
- Da is the surface spacing
- Ne is the refractive index for mercury e-ray (wavelength 546.07 nm)
- Vd is the Abbe number.
- the configuration of the imaging unit 19 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the CCD 18 includes a CCD chip 18a, a CCD substrate 18b, a CCDOL driving component 18c, and a sealing glass 18d.
- a CCD substrate 18b is electrically connected to the CCD chip 18a by wire bonding or the like, and is mechanically fixed by an adhesive or the like.
- CCD driving parts 18c such as coupling capacitors and current amplification transistors are soldered.
- a sealing glass 18d for protecting the light receiving surface is bonded and fixed to the light receiving surface of the CCD chip 18a with an optical adhesive or the like.
- the lens frame 31 is fitted with the CCD frame 33 so as to be able to move in parallel in the optical axis direction of the objective lens system 17, and the optical axis of the objective lens system 17 and the light receiving surface of the CCD 18 are connected to each other.
- the CCD 18 is adhesively fixed to the CCD frame 33 so as to be vertical.
- a land (not shown) for soldering the signal line of the signal cable 21 is provided on the CCD substrate 18b, and the signal line of the signal cable 21 is soldered.
- the CCD frame 33 is also provided with a CCD protection frame 34 so as to mechanically protect the power through the CCD 18 and the connection between the signal cable 21 and the CCD substrate 18b.
- the CCD protection frame 34 is provided with a notch near the rear surface of the CCD chip 18a, and is formed of an aluminum alloy or a copper alloy having good thermal conductivity so as to insert the notch force.
- the arranged heat radiation member 35 is disposed.
- the heat dissipating member 35 has heat A heat dissipation cable 36 made of a metal having good conductivity as a conductor is mechanically connected by soldering or an adhesive.
- the inside of the CCD protection frame 34 is filled with sealing resin, and the periphery of the CCD 18 is sealed with a heat-shrinkable tube 37.
- the heat radiating cable 36 is soldered to a member having a large heat capacity, for example, to the distal end portion 11 of the insertion portion 7.
- the signal cable 21 is formed by twisting a plurality of coaxial wires and a plurality of single wires, wrapping a tape made of fluororesin, and wrapping a copper wire thereon as a batch shield, and further wrapping the copper wire thereover. A tape made of fluororesin is wrapped and covered with a Teflon (registered trademark) sheath!
- the distal end 11 of the insertion section 7 includes an imaging unit 19 including an objective lens system 17 having an outer diameter of the distal lens of ⁇ 2.8 mm, a channel distal opening 26, and an objective lens system 17.
- the air supply and water supply nozzle 39 that supplies water to the outer surface of the air supply and removes dirt adhering to it, and the light that is transmitted (guided) by the light guide 14 connected to the light source device 3 to illuminate the subject Illumination lenses 16a and 16b are provided.
- the image capturing unit 19 captures an object and displays the image on the monitor 5 such that the upward and downward direction on the monitor 5 coincides with the vertical direction of the distal end 11 of the insertion section 7 shown in FIG. Installed in part 11.
- the channel tube 25a in this embodiment is, for example, a tube made of Teflon (registered trademark) having an inner diameter of 2.8 mm.
- the optical axis O of the objective lens system 17 and the distal end opening 26 are arranged in parallel, and in this embodiment, the objective lens system
- the distance D between the center of 17 (optical axis O) and the center axis of the tip opening 26 is set to 6 mm! Twice the radius R of the tip opening 26 is 2.8 mm, which is the same as the inner diameter of the channel tube 25a.
- the light source device 3 has a lamp 40, and the illumination light of the lamp 40 is adjusted by the aperture of a diaphragm 42 driven by a diaphragm driving unit 41 to adjust the amount of transmitted light. After passing through 43, the light is incident on the incident end face of the light guide 14 in the light guide connector 15. Then, as described above, the illuminating light is also emitted toward the subject through the illumination lenses 16a and 16b with respect to the tip force of the light guide 14.
- the light guide 14 is branched into two in the insertion portion 7, and as shown in FIG. At the end 11, illumination light is emitted from the illumination lenses 16a and 16b arranged at two locations.
- the image processing apparatus 4 has a CDS circuit 44 to which an image signal from the CCD 18 is input. After the CDS circuit 44 extracts a signal component, the AZD converter 45 converts the signal component into a digital signal. Is converted.
- the digital image signal converted by the AZD converter 45 is input to a signal converter 46 that generates a video signal having a luminance signal and a chrominance signal.
- the video signal generated by the signal conversion unit 46 is input to an image processing unit 47 that performs various image processing such as ⁇ correction.
- the output signal of the image processing unit 47 is input to the DZA converter 48, converted into an analog HDTV video signal, and then output to the monitor 5.
- the luminance signal from the signal conversion unit 46 is input to an automatic light control unit 49 that generates a light control signal, and the automatic light control unit 49 generates an automatic light control signal.
- This automatic dimming signal is input to the aperture driving unit 41 of the light source device 3, and automatically adjusts the aperture of the aperture.
- the automatic dimmer 49 detects that the treatment tool has entered the field of view of the imaging unit 19 (in other words, an image of the treatment tool is formed on the light receiving surface of the CCD 18), for example, due to the reflected light amount or color of the treatment tool.
- the instrument has a built-in treatment tool detector 49a that detects
- the automatic dimming section 49 includes a luminance detecting section 49b for detecting luminance for dimming the output signal power of the treatment tool detecting section 49a, and an automatic dimming signal from the output signal from the luminance detecting section 49b. And a dimming signal generation unit 49c that generates the dimming signal.
- the luminance detecting section 49b sets a peak luminance (light amount) near an area where the image of the treatment instrument is formed, and an average luminance (light quantity) near this area. Light intensity).
- the luminance detecting section 49b detects the peak luminance or the average luminance of the entire screen.
- the dimming signal generation unit 49c generates an automatic dimming signal that adjusts the amount of illumination of the light source device 3 so that an appropriate brightness signal is obtained based on the peak brightness and average brightness signals from the brightness detection unit 49b. Is output to the aperture driving unit 41 of the light source device 3.
- the electronic endoscope 2 of the present embodiment is a single-focus objective lens system shown in the lens data described above.
- a resolution of 35 ⁇ m pitch which is higher than that of the previous example, which can distinguish black and white with a pitch of about 50 m, is ensured (satisfies the conditions).
- the resolution required for observing the distant view equivalent to the example is secured.
- the CCD 18 of the imaging unit 19 performs signal processing for generating a standard video signal on the image signal in order to output an image signal corresponding to such resolution, and displays the image signal on the display surface of the monitor 5.
- the displayed image makes it possible to identify black and white at a pitch of 35 m.
- the resolving power required for observing the distant view side is a resolving power capable of discriminating between 0.5 mm pitch black and white at a position about 50 mm away from the imaging unit 19, for example.
- This resolution is also referred to as a distant view resolution.
- the resolution that makes it possible to discriminate between the 35 m pitch black and white is also referred to as the close-side detailed resolution.
- the treatment is performed at an object distance at which a resolving power capable of recognizing the 35 ⁇ m pitch black and white can be obtained.
- the tip side of the tool 28 is in the visual field of the imaging unit 19.
- the light guide connector 15 of the electronic endoscope 2 is connected to the light source device 3, and the signal connector 22 is connected to the image processing device 4. Also, a cable of the monitor 5 is connected to the video output terminal of the image processing device 4 so that the endoscope inspection can be performed.
- the power switch (not shown) is turned on, the illumination light from the light source device 3 is supplied to the light guide 14, the illumination light is emitted from the illumination lenses 16a and 16b via the light guide 14, and the image is captured by the imaging unit 19. To be able to illuminate the subject. Further, the image captured by the CCD 18 of the imaging unit 19 is displayed on the monitor 5 via the image processing device 4. Next, the insertion portion 7 of the electronic endoscope 2 is inserted into the body cavity of the patient, and the distal end portion 11 of the insertion portion 7 is in a state where the subject in the body cavity where the endoscopic examination is to be performed, such as an affected part, can be observed.
- the objective lens system 17 in the imaging unit 19 provided at the distal end portion 11 forms an optical image of the subject on the light receiving surface of the CCD 18.
- the image formed on the light receiving surface of the CCD 18 is photoelectrically converted to an image signal.
- This image signal is input to the CDS circuit 44 of the image processing device 4 via the signal cable 21 and the signal connector 22.
- This image signal has a waveform including reset noise and the like other than the signal component, and the CDS circuit 44 extracts the signal component to generate a baseband signal.
- the output signal of the CDS circuit 44 is input to an AZD converter 45, which converts an analog image signal into a digital signal.
- the image signal converted into the digital signal is converted into a video signal by the signal converter 46.
- a mosaic color filter of a complementary color system is employed as the CCD 18, so that the signal conversion unit 46 calculates, for example, the average from the signal outputs of the pixels of four types of adjacent color filters. This is converted into a luminance signal and a color difference signal obtained from the difference between the pixel signal outputs of each color and a video signal.
- This video signal is subjected to contrast adjustment, color adjustment, display size adjustment and the like appropriate for monitor display by the image processing section 47.
- the DZA converter 48 converts the video signal into an analog HDTV format video signal that can be displayed on the monitor 5.
- the monitor 5 displays an image of the subject (captured by the CCD 18) corresponding to the input HDTV video signal on the monitor screen 5a.
- the operation when the image capturing unit 19 captures an image of a subject or the like having a black-and-white pair of bands at a pitch of 35 m will be described.
- FIG. 6 shows that the insertion section 7 of the electronic endoscope 2 according to the present embodiment is inserted into a body cavity, and the imaging unit 19 provided at the distal end portion 11 captures an image of a treatment target site in the body cavity and performs treatment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a case where a treatment is performed by projecting a tool 28 from a front end opening 26.
- the condition for easy treatment be that imaging (observation) can be performed with an appropriate resolution even in a distant view, and that the affected part can be observed in detail for the affected part. It is desired that the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 protruding from the distal end opening 26 can be observed in detail.
- the brightness contrast G is defined as follows to clarify the explanation.
- the maximum value of the luminance of the white object is Gmax
- the minimum value of the luminance due to the subject is defined as Gmin
- the luminance contrast G (Gmax ⁇ Gmin) / (Gmax + Gmin) is defined.
- the imaging unit 19 configured as described above, when the object distance at which the highest resolution is obtained is 4.2 mm, a black-and-white pair of objects having a pitch of 35 m is used.
- the brightness contrast G of the white band and the black band formed on the CCD light receiving surface is 14.5%.
- the image of the subject in a black-and-white pair of bands with a pitch of 35 m formed on the light-receiving surface of the CCD 18 by the objective lens system 17 is composed of the image signal output from the pixel on which the white band is formed and the black band.
- the difference between the image signals output from the pixels obtained is approximately 14.5%.
- the image signal is input to an image processing unit 47 via a CDS circuit 44, an AZD converter 45, and a signal conversion unit 46.
- a low-pass filter suitable for the monitor 5 and a gamma process for removing noise are provided. Processing and the like are performed.
- the maximum value of the luminance signal obtained from the white object is Imax
- the minimum value of the luminance signal obtained from the black object is Imin
- the band of the black-and-white pair having a pitch of 35 m captured by the imaging unit 19 can be visually recognized on the monitor 5 as the black-and-white pair.
- Fig. 6 when the object distance at which the highest resolution is obtained is 4.2 mm, dl is set, and a black-and-white pair of stripes (stripe) Sa with a pitch of 35 ⁇ m is arranged at that position.
- the contrast I of the luminance signal forming the video signal output from the signal converter 46 becomes 10% or more as described above, the black / white of 35 / zm pitch The band of the pair will be visible on the monitor 5.
- the subject Sb having the black-and-white pair band of 0.5 mm is placed at an object distance of 50 mm.
- the brightness contrast G of the white band and the black band formed on the CCD light receiving surface is 25%.
- the image of the subject in the black-and-white pair with a pitch of 0.5 mm formed on the light-receiving surface of the CCD 18 has the image signal output from the pixel on which the white band is formed by photoelectric conversion and the black band.
- the difference from the image signal output from the imaged pixel is approximately 25%, and is output to the monitor 5 by the image processing device 4 such that the contrast I between the white band and the black band becomes 10% or more.
- the band of the 0.5 mm pitch white-black pair arranged at a distance of 50 mm captured by the imaging unit 19 can be visually recognized on the monitor 5 as a black-and-white pair.
- FIG. 6 shows a state in which a band (stripe) Sb of a 0.5 mm pitch black and white pair is arranged at a position of 50 mm as the object distance d 2, and also in this case, the luminance signal of the signal conversion unit 46 includes The contrast I between white and black is 10% or more, and the black and white pair band can be visually recognized on the monitor 5.
- the operator inserts the treatment tool to be used into the treatment tool insertion port 27 provided near the operation section 8.
- the treatment tool inserted from the treatment instrument insertion port 27 passes through the channel 25 of the channel tube 25a in the insertion section 7, and is guided to the distal end portion 11 of the insertion section 7.
- the distal end of the treatment tool 28 protrudes from the channel distal opening 26 of the distal end portion 11.
- the condition required for the protruding treatment tool 28 to be imaged by the imaging unit 19 is as shown in FIG.
- the treatment tool 28 starts to enter the field of view of the imaging unit 19 when the protruding amount of the distal end portion 11 from the distal end surface is 1.38 mm or more. Almost the entire tip of the treatment tool 28 enters the field of view.
- the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 is surely within the field of view of the imaging unit 19, and is visible on the monitor 4. Become.
- FIG. 6 also shows a state in which the treatment tool 28 protrudes from the distal end opening 26 of the channel. After the tip of the treatment tool 28 enters the field of view of the imaging unit 19, the treatment tool 28 is further protruded forward, so that the treatment tool 28 is projected. The tip is in the state of the object distance having the maximum resolution.
- a subject such as an affected part to be treated can be observed in high detail with the treatment tool 28, and the state of the distal end of the treatment tool 28 protruding in the vicinity thereof can be observed in high detail. Easy to do. Also in this state, since the distant view resolution can be ensured for the distant view side, the state of the wide area around the part to be treated can be grasped, and the treatment can be performed more smoothly.
- the automatic light control unit 49 detects the brightness of the entire screen (specifically, peak brightness or average brightness) by the brightness detection unit 49b, Output to dimming signal generator 49c.
- the dimming signal generator 49c outputs a control signal, specifically, an automatic dimming signal, so that the light source device 3 increases the light.
- an automatic dimming signal is output as a control signal for controlling the light source device 3 so that the light is dimmed.
- the aperture driving unit 41 in the light source device 3 drives the aperture 42 and adjusts the amount of illumination light that enters the light guide 14 from the lamp 40 via the aperture 42.
- an endoscopic examination by the imaging unit 19 is performed to treat a subject such as an affected part. The operation of the automatic dimming when the treatment tool 28 is used for tissue collection and excision of a lesion will be described.
- the treatment tool 28 By inserting the treatment tool 28 into the channel 25 and projecting the treatment tool 28 through the distal end opening 26 of the distal end portion 11 of the insertion section 7, the treatment tool enters the visual field of the imaging unit 19. Become.
- the treatment tool detection unit 49a detects that the treatment tool 28 has entered the field of view, and focuses on the treatment tool 28. It detects the brightness based on the peak brightness and the average brightness of the specified area.
- the dimming signal generator 49c outputs an automatic dimming signal as a control signal so that the light source device 3 is dimmed when the brightness near the treatment tool 28 is too bright, and is increased when the brightness is too dark. I do.
- the aperture driving unit 41 in the light source device 3 drives the aperture 42, and adjusts the amount of illumination light incident on the rear end of the light guide 14 from the lamp 40 via the aperture 42.
- the automatic dimming signal enables automatic dimming so that the brightness near the region where the treatment tool 28 enters the field of view of the imaging unit 19 becomes a brightness suitable for observation.
- a control unit that controls the power (current value, voltage value, etc.) supplied to the light source is provided, and the power is adjusted. May be used to adjust the amount of illumination.
- a light emitting diode (LED) as a light source is provided at the end of the insertion section 7, and the amount of light emission (the amount of illumination) is adjusted by adjusting the current supplied to the light emitting diode based on the detection result of the luminance detecting section 49b. You may do it.
- the CCD chip 18a and the CCD drive components 18c such as a current amplifier generate heat.
- the CCD chip 18a generates heat.
- the heat dissipating member 35 is arranged adjacent to the CCD chip 18a and the CCD substrate 18b, the heat of the CCD 18 is conducted to the heat dissipating member 35 and then to the heat dissipating cable 36. Further, heat is transmitted to the tip end of the insertion portion 7 to which the heat dissipation cable 36 is connected, and the heat generated in the CCD 18 is dissipated, so that extreme heat generation of the CCD chip 18a can be prevented.
- the signal cable 21 has a tape wound between the collective shield and the sheath, for example, when the mechanical stress of the twist is applied to the signal cable 21, the twist of the sheath and the collective shield may be different. Friction between the collective shield and the sheath due to the difference in twisting, and the pulling force applied to the collective shield by the sheath are alleviated by the tape between the collective shield and the sheath.
- This embodiment has the following effects.
- a single focus optical system is used as the objective optical system constituting the imaging unit 19, so that the structure can be simpler than that of a variable power optical system or a variable focus optical system.
- the resolution of an imaging unit that employs a single-focus optical system used in conventional electronic endoscopes is at a level that can recognize black-and-white pairs of subjects with a resolution of about 50 ⁇ m, As described above, according to the imaging unit 19 in the present embodiment, it is possible to recognize a subject in a black / white paired band of 35 / zm having higher resolution.
- the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 protruding from the distal end opening 26 of the channel 25 is visible on the monitor 5 at a distance at which the highest resolution of the imaging unit 19 is obtained.
- An endoscope using a conventional zoom optical system is very difficult to perform. For example, an effect is obtained in which it is possible to perform a treatment using the treatment tool 28 while performing detailed observation of a subject such as a pit pattern of the large intestine.
- the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 can be put into the field of view at an object distance slightly before the distance, By further projecting forward, it reaches a state where the maximum resolution can be obtained. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 can be sufficiently placed in the field of view at the distance at which the maximum resolution can be obtained, and the operation of the treatment tool 28 becomes relatively easy, so that a significant effect can be obtained.
- the pixel pitch of the CCD 18 is 2.5 / ⁇
- the number of effective pixels is 810,000
- the maximum angle of view of the imaging unit 19 is 138 °
- the distance at which the highest resolution is obtained is 4.
- the force is 2 mm
- the distance between the optical axis O of the imaging unit 19 and the center of the tip opening 26 is 6 mm. This is not limited to this.
- an output signal obtained from a pixel taking an image of the white subject and a signal obtained from a pixel taking an image of the black subject are obtained.
- the pixel pitch, the number of effective pixels, the maximum angle of view, etc. are changed so that the difference between the output signals obtained is 10% or more, and the difference between the output signals is 10% or more when the 35 m subject is imaged. Even if the maximum angle of view and the distance between the optical axis O of the imaging unit 19 and the center of the distal end opening 26 are changed so that the treatment tool can be observed at a certain object distance, almost the same effect can be obtained.
- the same effect can be obtained even when the effective number of pixels of the CCD 18 is about 850,000 pixels in the case of the power mosaic color filter method in which the number of effective pixels is 810,000 pixels.
- the effect that the distance at which the resolving power can be obtained can be further increased is obtained.
- the highest resolution will result in the band pitch of the black and white pair being 40 ⁇ m or more.
- the explanation has been made using the color CCD of the complementary color type mosaic filter system.
- the electronic endoscope which is not limited to this, light of three primary colors such as switching type is used as illumination light.
- a method is used in which a subject image is captured by a monochrome (black and white) CCD in synchronization with the sequentially irradiated three primary colors of light and colorized by an image processing apparatus. By satisfying the above, the same effect can be obtained.
- an R signal, a G signal, and a B signal can be obtained as a CCD output signal having approximately 350,000 effective pixels, and the signal can be output to the monitor 5 without generating a luminance signal.
- the G signal having the highest luminance may be regarded as a luminance signal.
- the angle of view is 100 ° or more, which is used for general endoscopes in consideration of surrounding observability.
- a wider angle of view, which is preferred by the user, has the effect of shortening the treatment tool detection distance.
- the image processing device 4 and the monitor 5 of the present embodiment correspond to a high-resolution monitor such as SVGA or XGA, which is not limited to the power described in connection with an HDTV video signal.
- the display method can be used.
- heat radiation to the distal end member of the insertion section 7 is disclosed by the heat radiation member 35 and the heat radiation cable 36.
- the heat dissipation cable 36 is not provided, and the tip of the insertion part 7 has good thermal conductivity at the part facing the heat dissipation member.
- a structure that dissipates heat may be used.
- a part of the signal cable 21 may be used as the heat dissipation cable 36.
- a dummy cable not used for driving may be provided in the signal cable 21, or an external shield for electromagnetic shielding of the signal cable 21 may be used.
- the same heat radiation effect can be obtained by fixing the conductor of the heat radiation cable 36 near the CCD chip 18a with a sealing resin having good conductivity without providing the heat radiation member 35.
- the output stage inside the CCD chip 18a is arranged on the CCD substrate 18b as an external amplifier, and the power consumption of the CCD chip 18a is distributed to components on the external substrate, thereby suppressing the heat generation of the CCD chip 18a. It is valid.
- the basic configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, except for the number of effective pixels of the CCD, the objective lens system, and the positional relationship between the imaging unit and the treatment tool channel. The following description focuses on the differences.
- This embodiment has the following configuration.
- an imaging unit 19B including the objective lens system 72 and the CCD 73 shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8 is employed.
- the CCD73 has a pixel pitch of 3.3 m, the effective number of pixels for monitor display is 400,000 pixels, and the maximum image height on the CCD light receiving surface is about 1.29 mm.
- the imaging unit 19B has a single-focus objective lens system 72 with a maximum angle of view of 160 °.
- a lens having a meniscus shape is placed on the surface, and is set to Fno9.18 so as not to exceed the diffraction limit of light.
- the focus is adjusted so that the highest resolution can be obtained when the object distance is 2.95 mm.
- the lens data of the objective lens system 72 used in this embodiment is shown below.
- the distal end portion 11 of the insertion portion includes an imaging unit 19B including an objective lens system 72 having a lens outer diameter of 2.8 mm and a meniscus shape, a channel distal opening 26B, and an objective lens.
- the lens system 72 is used to illuminate the subject with light that has passed through a water supply nozzle 39 that supplies water to the tip surface and removes dirt adhering to it by air, and light that has passed through a light guide (not shown) connected to the light source device 4.
- Illumination lenses 16a and 16b are provided.
- the imaging unit 19B is attached to the distal end of the insertion section so that the upward and downward direction on the monitor 5 when capturing an image of the subject and displaying the image on the monitor 5 coincides with the vertical direction of the distal end of the insertion section shown in FIG. Have been.
- the treatment instrument channel 25 having an inner diameter of ⁇ 2.8 mm is arranged diagonally downward and to the left, slightly displaced from the horizontal direction, with respect to the imaging unit 19B, and as shown in FIG. Assuming that the axis and the horizontal direction are the X axis, a straight line connecting the central axis of the treatment instrument channel 25 and the optical axis O of the imaging unit 19B forms an angle ⁇ with the X axis.
- the optical axis ⁇ ⁇ of the objective lens system 72 and the tip opening 26 ⁇ are arranged in parallel, and in the present embodiment, the center (optical axis ⁇ ) of the objective lens system 72 and the tip opening 26 ⁇ are arranged in parallel.
- the center axis distance D is 6 mm.
- the imaging unit 19B configured as described above, when an object with a pitch of 35 m between black and white pairs is imaged at an object distance of 2.95 mm at which the highest resolution is obtained, an image is formed on the CCD light receiving surface.
- the contrast G between the white band and the black band is 11.5%.
- the image of the subject in the white-black pair band having a pitch of 35 m formed on the light receiving surface of the CCD 73 by the objective lens system 72 is photoelectrically converted.
- the difference between the image signal output from the pixel on which the white band is formed and the image signal output from the pixel on which the black band is formed is approximately 11.5%.
- the image signal is input to an image processing unit 47 via a CDS circuit 44, an AZD conversion 45, and a signal conversion unit 46.
- a CDS circuit 44 For example, gamma processing suitable for a monitor, electric mask processing, and the like are performed. It is output to the monitor 5 so that the contrast I between the white and black bands is 10% or more.
- the band of the black-and-white pair having a pitch of 35 m captured by the imaging unit 19B can be visually recognized as a black-and-white pair on the motor.
- an object with a black-and-white pair band of 0.5 mm is placed at an object distance of 50 mm and imaged by the imaging unit 19B in this embodiment, an image is formed on the CCD73 light-receiving surface.
- the contrast G between the white band and the black band is 19.3%.
- the subject in the black-and-white pair having a pitch of 0.5 mm formed on the light receiving surface of the CCD 73 is subjected to photoelectric conversion, and an image signal output from a pixel in which a white band is formed and a black band are output.
- the difference between the image signals output from the pixels on which the image is formed is approximately 19.3%, and is output to the monitor 5 by the image processing device 4 so that the contrast I between the white band and the black band is 10% or more. Is done.
- the black and white pair band of 0.5 mm pitch which is arranged at a distance of 50 mm and picked up by the image pickup unit 19B, becomes visible on the monitor 5 as a black and white band.
- the electrical masking process creates an octagonal display area 5b having an aspect ratio of 1: 1.2 in the display screen of the monitor 5 as shown in FIG.
- the subject captured by the imaging unit 19B is displayed.
- the angle of view on the display area 5b obtained by the electric masking process is the angle of view ( ⁇ max) where the point P in the diagonal direction is the largest in the case of a horizontally long display area as shown in FIG. It becomes.
- the mask processing is performed so that the angle of view 160 ° of the objective lens system 72 matches the maximum angle of view ⁇ max.
- the angle of view becomes narrowest on the monitor screen in the vertical direction, and then the angle of view in the horizontal direction becomes narrower due to the mask processing.
- the maximum diagonal point P is set so that the angle between a straight line connecting the point P and the center of the screen and the horizontal direction on the monitor screen is ex.
- the treatment instrument channel 25 arranged at the angle ⁇ with respect to the X-axis As shown in Fig. 9, the treatment tool 28, which also protrudes from the distal end opening 26, is positioned horizontally on the monitor 5 in a horizontal direction, more precisely, from a point near the lower left point ⁇ ⁇ , which is slightly lower than the horizontal direction. It is displayed in the display area 5b.
- the conditions necessary for the treatment tool 28 to protrude and the entire tip of the treatment tool 28 to be imaged by the imaging unit 19B are as follows.
- the distal end surface force of the distal end portion 11 is derived as shown in Expression 4 as the protrusion amount Hall of the treatment tool 28.
- the treatment tool 28 has a protruding amount of 0.58 mm or more from the distal end surface of the distal end portion 11, which has begun to enter the field of view of the imaging unit 19 ⁇ / b> B, and has protruded from 1.07 mm. Occasionally, almost the entire distal end of the treatment tool 28 enters the field of view.
- the highest resolution of the imaging unit 19B in the present embodiment is obtained.
- the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 is within the field of view of the imaging unit 19B and can be visually recognized on the monitor 5.
- This embodiment has the following effects.
- the present embodiment employs a single focus optical system as the objective optical system constituting the imaging unit 19B, it can be realized with a simple structure as compared with a variable power optical system or a variable focus optical system. Since the distance at which the maximum resolution can be obtained is close to 2.95 mm, the display magnification on the monitor increases, making it easier to observe the subject.
- the pixel pitch of the CCD 73 is 3.3 m
- the number of effective pixels is 400,000
- the maximum angle of view of the imaging unit 19B is 160 °
- the distance at which the highest resolution is obtained is 2
- the force is not limited to 95 mm
- the distance between the optical axis O of the imaging unit 19B and the center of the tip opening 26 is 6 mm.
- an output signal obtained from a pixel obtained by capturing the white object and an output signal obtained from a pixel obtained by capturing the black subject are obtained.
- the maximum angle of view and imaging so that the treatment tool can be observed Even if the distance between the optical axis O of the unit 19 and the center of the tip opening 26 is changed, almost the same effect can be obtained.
- the same effect is obtained even with about 250,000 pixels, and in this case, the highest resolution is obtained.
- the effect is obtained that the distance can be further increased and the display magnification on the monitor 5 can be increased.
- the distance at which the highest resolution can be obtained is about 2 mm, and the operability may be reduced.
- a monochrome (black and white) CCD captures an object in synchronization with the sequentially irradiated light of the three primary colors and colorizes the image with an image processing device.
- a CCD with about 100,000 effective pixels, an effect equivalent to 250,000 pixels of the mosaic filter method can be obtained.
- the display area 5b of the monitor screen 5a is a horizontally long octagon in which the display size in the horizontal direction is longer than in the vertical direction (vertical direction).
- the present invention can also be applied to a case where the mask processing is performed in a circular shape so as to be wider in the horizontal direction and the mask processing is not performed in the vertical direction as in the display area 5b of the modified example shown in FIG. In other words, even in such a case, the distal end of the treatment tool protruding from a substantially horizontal direction with a large display area size (display area) may appear in the display area 5b.
- the treatment tool 28 protruding from the distal end has a large display area. Wide, it may be displayed in the direction!
- the direction in which the display area is wide refers to the ⁇ (field of view wide;) direction, which is less restrictive when the view direction of the observed image is limited, and is, for example, a substantially vertical direction on the monitor.
- ⁇ field of view wide;
- the channel opening at the end of the channel is arranged so as to correspond to the nearly horizontal V direction!
- the image processing device 4 and the monitor 5 correspond to the video signal of the HDTV system, and are not limited to the above.
- the image processing device 4 and the monitor 5 support the video signal of the NTSC system and the PAL system. It may be done.
- VGA and SVGA A thing may be used.
- the electronic endoscope system 1C includes an electronic endoscope 2C according to the third embodiment, a light source device 3 that supplies illumination light to the electronic endoscope 2C, and a built-in electronic endoscope 2C.
- Image processing device (signal processing device) 4C that performs signal processing on the selected imaging means, and a standard video signal that is output from the image processing device 4C.
- the monitor 5 is compatible with the Vision TV (HDTV) system.
- the electronic endoscope 2C of the present embodiment is provided with an elongated insertion section 7 inserted into the subject and provided at the rear end of the insertion section 7, so that an operator such as an operator can grasp and operate. It has an operation unit 8 for performing the operation and a cable unit 9 extending from the operation unit 8.
- the insertion section 7 has a hard distal end 11 at the distal end thereof, and the distal end 11 is provided with an imaging unit 119 and the like described later.
- a light guide 14 for transmitting illumination light is inserted into the insertion portion 7, and a rear end side of the light guide 14 reaches a light guide connector 15 provided at the end portion via the cable portion 9.
- the operator connects the light guide connector 15 to the light source device 3, so that the illumination light is supplied to the rear end face of the light guide 14 as well as the light source device 3.
- the illuminating light supplied from the light source device 3 is transmitted by the light guide 14 and has a tip surface force fixed to the tip portion 11 and illumination lenses 16a and 16b attached to the illumination window so as to face the tip surface. It is emitted forward through (see FIG. 14) and illuminates a subject such as an affected part in a body cavity.
- An observation window (or imaging window) is provided at the distal end portion 11 adjacent to the illumination window.
- the imaging window includes an objective lens system (or objective optical system) 117 for forming an optical image of the illuminated subject.
- An image pickup unit 119 having, for example, a charge-coupled device (abbreviated as CCD) 118 as an image pickup device having a light receiving surface (or photoelectric conversion surface) disposed at an image forming position of the objective lens system 117 is disposed. I have.
- CCD charge-coupled device
- One end of the signal cable 21 is connected to the imaging unit 119 and inserted into the insertion section 7.
- the signal cable 21 further passes through the inside of the cable section 9 and the other end is connected to the signal connector 22 at the rear end.
- the CCD 118 is driven by a CCD driving signal from the CCD driving unit 23 of the image processing device 4C, and the CCD 118 is a photoelectrically converted image signal (imaging signal). ) Is output.
- This imaging signal is subjected to signal processing in the image processing device 4C to generate a video signal, and the monitor 5 displays an endoscope image.
- a channel 25 through which various treatment tools can pass is provided in the insertion section 7.
- the channel 25 includes a channel tip opening (also referred to as a tip opening or a forceps opening) 26 which is opened at the tip 11, a treatment tool insertion port 27 near the front end of the operation unit 8, a tip opening 26 and a treatment tool insertion port.
- a channel tube 25a for connecting 27 is formed.
- the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 protruding from the distal end opening 26 is put in the field of view of the imaging unit 119 together with the subject to be inspected or treated, such as the affected tissue, and the protruding treatment tool is inserted. 28 is displayed on the display surface of the monitor 5 so that treatments and the like can be performed smoothly.
- the CCD 118 is a mosaic color filter type CCD having a complementary color mosaic color filter, the pixel pitch is 2.5 m, and the number of pixels effective for monitor display is 1.3 million pixels. The thing is adopted.
- the imaging unit 119 has an objective lens system 117 constituted by a variable-focus optical system, in which the angle of view hardly changes when the focal position whose maximum angle of view is, for example, about 120 ° to 140 ° is changed.
- the cemented lens 117d is moved back and forth on the optical axis O of the objective lens system 117 by the actuator 129 as shown in FIG.
- An image of the distant view (far side) can be formed on the CCD 118 with high resolution and high resolution.
- This objective lens system 117 has a Fno (F It is set to about 10.0 or less. In addition, it is set so that the highest resolving power can be obtained when the object distance is in the foreground.
- the configuration of the imaging unit 119 in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- a plurality of lenses (including optical elements) 117a, 117b, and 117c at the preceding stage constituting the objective lens system 117 are fixed to the lens frame 31 with proper surface spacing and centering of each lens. .
- the surface spacing between the lenses 117b and 117c is set by the spacer 32.
- the first, second, and third lenses 117a, 117b, and 117c that constitute the objective lens system 117 and are sequentially arranged from the distal end are a plano-concave lens, a biconvex lens, and an infrared cut filter, respectively.
- a lens holding frame portion 134a holding the cemented lens 117d is provided slidably in the optical axis O direction of the objective lens system 117.
- a parallel plate lens 117e and a CCD chip 118b are fixed at a position behind the lens holding frame portion 134a.
- the CCD 118 includes a sealing glass 118a, a CCD chip 118b having a light receiving surface (imaging surface) protected by the sealing glass 118a, a CCD substrate 118c connected to the CCD chip 118b, and a CCD substrate 118c. And a CCD driving part 118d mounted on the substrate.
- a CCD substrate 118c is electrically connected to the CCD chip 118b by bump connection or the like. Also, CCD driving parts 118d such as coupling capacitors and current amplification transistors are soldered on the CCD substrate 118c. A sealing glass 118a for protecting the light receiving surface is adhered and fixed to the light receiving surface of the CCD chip 118b with an optical adhesive or the like.
- the lens frame 31 is fitted to the CCD frame 133 so as to be able to move in parallel in the optical axis direction of the objective lens system 117, and the optical axis of the objective lens system 117 and the light receiving surface of the CCD chip 118b are connected.
- the CCD chip 118b is adhesively fixed to the CCD frame 133 so as to be vertical.
- the cemented lens 117d having, for example, a positive power (refractive power) disposed in the CCD frame 133 is fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the CCD frame 133 and becomes movable.
- Lens holding The lens holding frame part 134a is held by a frame part 134a, and is connected to an actuator connecting part 134c outside the CCD frame 133 via an arm part 134b penetrating through a long groove 133a provided in the CCD frame 133.
- the moving lens frame 134 for moving the cemented lens 117d is formed by the lens holding frame portion 134a, the arm portion 134b, and the actuator connecting portion 134c.
- the actuator 129 that moves the cemented lens 117 d together with the movable lens frame 134 via the actuator connecting part 134 c includes an actuator moving part 129 a connected to the actuator connecting part 134 c and the actuator moving part 129 a through the objective lens system.
- the actuator body 129b is fixed on the outer peripheral side of the CCD frame 133.
- the actuator body 129b is connected to an actuator driving section 136 (see FIG. 11) provided in the image processing apparatus 4C via a signal line 135, and the actuator driving section 136b is driven by the actuator driving signal.
- an actuator driving section 136 see FIG. 11
- the actuator driving section 136b is driven by the actuator driving signal.
- the actuator body 129b can move the actuator moving section 129a to the rear side, which is the actuator body 129b side, or to the front side, which is separated from the actuator body 129b, in accordance with the actuator driving signal. I have to.
- the actuator driving section 136 generates (outputs) an actuator driving signal corresponding to a control signal from a CPU 137C constituting an autofocus section (focus control section in this embodiment) 137 provided in the image processing apparatus 4C. .
- the cemented lens 117d is set in the vicinity of substantially the center of the movable range (moving range), and is set in the foreground setting state in which the cemented lens 117d is moved to the foremost side by the actuator driving signal.
- the position is set to the position shown by the two-dot chain line in Fig. 13.
- the near view focused on the near point side has a depth of field of 5.2mn!
- An image is formed on the CCD chip 118b at a high resolution within a range of up to 10 mm.
- the joining lens 117d is set to the rearmost position shown by the solid line in FIG. State.
- focus is on the distant view, and the distant view has a predetermined resolution and depth of field of lOmn! CCD chip in large condition of ⁇ 100mm 1
- An image is formed on 8b.
- the cemented lens 117d can be set to move to an arbitrary position within the movable range, with the position of the near view as the movable range up to the position of the distant view. Since FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the operation, only some of the components are denoted by reference numerals.
- a land (not shown) for soldering the signal line of the signal cable 21 is provided on the CCD substrate 118c, and the signal line of the signal cable 21 is soldered.
- a CCD protection frame 138 for mechanical protection is arranged from the CCD frame 133 to the connection portion between the signal cable 21 and the CCD substrate 118c via the CCD chip 118b.
- the CCD protection frame 138 is provided with a notch at a position near the back of the CCD chip 118b, and has a high thermal conductivity such as an aluminum alloy to be inserted from the notch.
- a heat dissipating member 139 formed of an alloy or a copper alloy is arranged.
- a heat dissipating cable 140 made of a metal having good heat conductivity as a conductor is mechanically connected by soldering, an adhesive or the like.
- the inside of the CCD protection frame 138 is filled with a sealing resin 141, and the periphery of the CCD chip 118 b is sealed with a heat-shrinkable tube 142.
- the heat dissipation cable 140 is soldered to a V ⁇ member having a large heat capacity, for example, a distal end portion 11 of the insertion portion 7.
- the signal cable 21 is obtained by twisting a plurality of coaxial wires and a plurality of single wires, winding a fluororesin tape, and wrapping a copper wire thereon as a collective shield. A tape made of fluororesin is wrapped around it and covered with a Teflon (registered trademark) sheath.
- the distal end 11 of the insertion section 7 includes an imaging unit 119 including an objective lens system 117 having an outer diameter of the first lens 117a at the distal end of, for example, ⁇ 2.8 mm, and a channel distal end opening 26.
- an imaging unit 119 including an objective lens system 117 having an outer diameter of the first lens 117a at the distal end of, for example, ⁇ 2.8 mm, and a channel distal end opening 26.
- Illumination lenses 16a and 16b for illuminating are provided.
- the imaging unit 119 is attached to the distal end 11 so that the vertical direction on the monitor 5 when the subject is imaged and displayed on the monitor 5 matches the vertical direction of the distal end 11 of the insertion section 7 shown in FIG. Have been.
- the channel tube 25a in the present embodiment is, for example, Use a Teflon (registered trademark) tube with an inner diameter of 2.8 mm.
- the optical axis O of the objective lens system 117 and the distal end opening 26 are arranged in parallel, and in this embodiment, the objective
- the distance D between the center of the lens system 117 (optical axis O) and the center axis of the tip opening 26 is set to, for example, 6 mm. Twice the radius R of the tip opening 26 is 2.8 mm, which is the same as the inner diameter of the channel tube 25a.
- the light source device 3 includes a lamp 40, and the illumination light of the lamp 40 is adjusted by the aperture of a diaphragm 42 driven by a diaphragm driving unit 41 to adjust the amount of transmitted light. After passing through 43, the light enters the incident end face of the light guide 14 in the light guide connector 15. Then, as described above, the illumination light is emitted from the front end of the light guide 14 to the object side via the illumination lenses 16a and 16b.
- the light guide 14 is branched into two in the insertion section 7, and illumination light is emitted from illumination lenses 16a and 16b disposed at two places at the distal end portion 11 as shown in FIG. You.
- the image processing apparatus 4C has a CDS circuit 44 to which an image signal from the CCD 118 is input. After the CDS circuit 44 extracts a signal component, the AZD converter 45 converts the signal component into a digital signal. Is converted.
- the digital image signal converted by the AZD converter 45 is input to a signal converter 46 that generates a video signal having a luminance signal and a chrominance signal.
- the video signal generated by the signal conversion unit 46 is input to an image processing unit 47 that performs various image processing such as ⁇ correction.
- the output signal of the image processing unit 47 is input to the DZA converter 48, converted into an analog HDTV video signal, and then output to the monitor 5.
- the luminance signal from the signal conversion unit 46 is input to an automatic light control unit 54 that generates an automatic light control signal, and the automatic light control unit 54 generates an automatic light control signal.
- the automatic light control unit 54 includes a treatment tool detection unit 54a that detects a treatment tool, a brightness detection unit 54b that detects an average level of the luminance signal input from the treatment tool detection unit 54a, A dimming signal generating unit 54c that compares the average level with a reference value serving as a reference and outputs a difference signal of the reference value power as an automatic dimming signal.
- the treatment tool detection unit 54a detects that the treatment tool has entered the field of view of the imaging unit 119 (in other words, an image of the treatment tool is formed on the light receiving surface of the CCD 118), for example, due to the reflected light amount or color of the treatment tool. ) Is detected.
- the luminance detection unit 54b determines the peak luminance (light amount) near the region where the image of the treatment device is formed, and the flatness near this region. Detects average brightness (light intensity).
- the luminance detecting section 54b detects the peak luminance or the average luminance over the entire screen.
- the dimming signal generation unit 54c generates an automatic dimming signal for adjusting the amount of illumination of the light source device 3 so that an appropriate brightness signal can be obtained based on the peak brightness and average brightness signals from the brightness detection unit 54b. Is output to the aperture driving unit 41 of the light source device 3.
- the automatic light control signal of the automatic light control unit 54 is input to the aperture drive unit 41 of the light source device 3, and the aperture drive unit 41 automatically adjusts the aperture of the aperture 42 according to the automatic light control signal, and outputs the light control signal. Control is performed so that an image having a brightness suitable for observation corresponding to the reference value of the generation unit 54c is obtained.
- the luminance signal of the signal detection unit 46 is input to a brightness detection unit 137a included in the autofocus unit 137, and the brightness of the image is detected by the brightness detection unit 137a.
- the output signal of the image processing unit 47 is input to a contrast detection unit 137b included in the autofocus unit 137, and the contrast of the output signal is detected by the contrast detection unit 137b.
- the brightness information detected by the brightness detection unit 137a and the contrast information detected by the contrast detection unit 137b are input to the CPU 137c. Control (described later in FIG. 16) is performed.
- a part of the cemented lens 117 d of the objective lens system 117 is movably arranged in the direction of the optical axis O, and the range from the near-view position to the distant-view position is set.
- a variable focus optical system that is, a variable focal position optical system in which the focal length changes with almost no change in the angle of view according to the movement is adopted.
- focus control of the cemented lens 117d is performed by the autofocus unit 137, and the At the time, the focus state is set in the range up to the near view power and the distant view so that the image can be captured while maintaining the height, the resolution, and the predetermined depth of field.
- a wide viewing angle (angle of view) is secured even when a close-up view is set, and even when a treatment tool is used, the distal end opening of the channel 25 has a size of 26 cm.
- the distal end of the protruding treatment tool is placed in the field of view to facilitate detailed treatment.
- the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 inserted into the channel 25 is projected from the distal end opening 26, for example, a high resolution that can distinguish between black and white at a pitch of 35 ⁇ m
- the distal end of the treatment tool 28 enters the field of view of the imaging unit 119, in other words, the image of the distal end of the treatment tool 28 forms on the light receiving surface of the CCD 118. Let's be imaged.
- the light guide connector 15 of the electronic endoscope 2C is connected to the light source device 3, and the signal connector 22 is connected to the image processing device 4C.
- the cable of the monitor 5 is connected to the video output terminal of the image processing device 4C so that the endoscope inspection can be performed.
- the power switch (not shown) is turned on, the illumination light from the light source device 3 is supplied to the light guide 14, and the illumination light is emitted from the illumination lenses 16a and 16b via the light guide 14, and the imaging unit Step 119 sets the object to be imaged to be illuminated.
- the image captured by the CCD 118 of the imaging unit 119 is displayed on the monitor 5 via the image processing device 4C.
- the insertion section 7 of the electronic endoscope 2C is inserted into the body cavity of the patient, and the distal end 11 of the insertion section 7 can be used to observe the subject at the site where the endoscopic examination is to be performed, such as an affected part in the body cavity.
- the objective lens system 117 in the imaging unit 119 provided at the distal end portion 11 forms an optical image of the subject on the light receiving surface of the CCD 118.
- the image formed on the light receiving surface of the CCD 118 is photoelectrically converted to an image signal.
- the image signal is input to the CDS circuit 44 of the image processing device 4C via the signal cable 21 and the signal connector 22.
- This image signal has a waveform including reset noise and the like other than the signal component.
- the baseband signal from which the signal component is extracted by the CDS circuit 44 is Generated.
- the output signal of the CDS circuit 44 is input to an AZD converter 45, and the AZD converter 45 converts an image signal, which is an analog signal, into a digital signal.
- the image signal converted into the digital signal is converted into a video signal by the signal converter 46.
- a complementary color mosaic color filter is employed as the CCD 118, so that the signal conversion unit 46 performs, for example, a luminance signal that is obtained by averaging the signal outputs of the pixels of four adjacent color filters. Is converted into a color difference signal obtained from the difference between the pixel signal outputs of each color and a video signal.
- the video signal is subjected to contrast adjustment, color adjustment, display size adjustment, and the like appropriate for monitor display by the image processing unit 47.
- the DZA converter 48 converts the video signal into an analog HDTV format video signal that can be displayed on the monitor 5.
- the monitor 5 displays an image of the subject (captured by the CCD 118) corresponding to the input HDTV video signal on the monitor screen 5a.
- the brightness detection unit 54b detects the brightness of the entire screen (specifically, the peak brightness or the average brightness). Then, the signal is output to the dimming signal generation unit 54c.
- the dimming signal generation unit 54c outputs a control signal, specifically, an automatic dimming signal, so that the light source device 3 increases the brightness when the screen is dark. Further, when the screen is too bright, it outputs an automatic dimming signal as a control signal for controlling the light source device 3 so that the light is dimmed.
- the aperture driving unit 41 in the light source device 3 drives the aperture 42, and adjusts the amount of illumination light incident on the rear end of the light guide 14 from the lamp 40 via the aperture 42. Adjust the light intensity.
- the treatment tool 28 By inserting the treatment tool 28 into the channel 25 and projecting the treatment tool 28 through the distal end opening 26 of the distal end portion 11 of the insertion portion 7, the treatment tool 28 is positioned within the visual field of the imaging unit 119. The tool will enter.
- the treatment tool detection unit 54a detects that the treatment tool 28 has entered the field of view, and focuses on the treatment tool 28. Detects brightness based on peak brightness and average brightness in a certain area.
- the dimming signal generation unit 54c outputs an automatic dimming signal as a control signal so that the light source device 3 is dimmed when the brightness near the treatment tool 28 is too bright, and is increased when the brightness is too dark. I do.
- the diaphragm driving unit 41 in the light source device 3 drives the diaphragm 42 in accordance with the automatic dimming signal, and adjusts the amount of illumination light incident from the lamp 40 through the diaphragm 42 to the incident end of the light guide 14.
- the automatic dimming signal enables automatic dimming so that the brightness near the region where the treatment tool 28 enters the field of view of the imaging unit 119 becomes a brightness suitable for observation.
- the cemented lens 117d constituting the objective lens system 117 is controlled by the autofocus unit 137 so that the subject image is always focused on the light receiving surface of the CCD 118 in the focused state.
- the brightness detection unit 137a of the autofocus unit 137 also detects the average brightness of each frame from the brightness signal power from the signal conversion unit 46 and outputs the average brightness to the CPU 137c. Further, the contrast detecting unit 137b detects the contrast in each frame of the luminance signal on the high frequency side in the output signal of the image processing unit 47, and outputs the detected contrast to the CPU 137c.
- the CPU 137c determines whether or not the brightness detected by the brightness detection unit 137a is equal to or more than a predetermined value. If the brightness exceeds the predetermined value, the CPU 137c uses the high-frequency side luminance signal detected from the contrast detection unit 137b.
- the focus state is detected by the hill-climbing method based on the contrast information, and the cemented lens 117d is set at the position of the focus state.
- Fig. 16 shows the details of the hill-climbing autofocus (abbreviated as AF in Fig. 16).
- the CPU 137c determines a lens moving direction. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a process is performed to determine which direction is the hill-climbing direction (direction in which the contrast increases) at the starting lens position when performing this hill-climbing autofocus.
- the CPU 137c controls the actuator driver 136, and the actuator 1
- the cemented lens 117d is moved to one side via 29, and at that time, it is determined whether the contrast information output from the contrast detection unit 137b becomes large before and after the movement. Then, the CPU 137c determines that the direction in which the contrast increases becomes the lens moving direction, and moves the cemented lens 117d in that direction.
- the CPU 137c detects a peak value of the contrast when the connecting lens 117d is moved in a direction in which the contrast increases. After moving in the hill-climbing direction where the contrast increases, past the focus position (focus position), the contrast value in that case becomes smaller than the peak value.
- the peak value can be detected by moving the cemented lens 117d to a position slightly above the peak value.
- the CPU 137c controls the actuator driver 136 to return the cemented lens 117d to a position corresponding to the peak value. In this way, the cemented lens 117d can be set at the focus position.
- the process returns to step S1, and the processes of steps S1 to S3 are repeated.
- the focus can be maintained at all times, and even when the distance to the subject changes, the subject is imaged on the CCD 118 with high resolution while maintaining a predetermined depth of field.
- the monitor 5 displays an image of the subject formed on the CCD 118, that is, a high-resolution image with a predetermined depth of field maintained.
- the focus control is performed using the detected contrast
- the focus by the contrast is used.
- the control for setting the distant view position may be performed prior to the control.
- the operator inserts the treatment tool to be used into the treatment tool insertion port 27 provided near the operation section 8.
- the treatment tool inserted from the treatment tool insertion port 27 passes through the channel 25 of the channel tube 25a in the insertion portion 7, and is guided to the distal end portion 11 side of the insertion portion 7.
- the distal end of the treatment tool 28 protrudes from the channel distal opening 26 of the distal end portion 11.
- the conditions necessary for the protruding treatment tool 28 to be imaged by the imaging unit 119 are as follows. As shown in FIG. 17, assuming that the treatment tool 28 is most shifted to the imaging unit 119 side as shown in FIG. 17 as the minimum protrusion amount Hmin of the distal end surface force of the distal end portion 11 of the entrance section 7,
- Is derived from the distance D from the center of D 6 mm as shown in the following Equation 5.
- Hmin (D-Lh-R)
- X tan (90 °- ⁇ / 2) 1.38mm (Equation 5)
- the conditions necessary for the treatment tool 28 to protrude and the entire tip of the treatment tool 28 to be imaged by the imaging unit 119 are as follows:
- the protruding amount Hall of the treatment tool 28 from the distal end surface of the distal end portion 11 of the insertion section 7 is derived as shown in Expression 6.
- the treatment tool 28 begins to enter the field of view of the imaging unit 119 when the protruding amount of the distal end portion 11 from the distal end surface is 1.38 mm or more. Almost the entire tip of the treatment tool 28 enters the field of view.
- the depth of field is 5.2 mn!
- the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 surely enters the field of view of the imaging unit 119 and can be visually recognized on the monitor 5.
- FIG. 18 shows that the insertion section 7 of the electronic endoscope 2 C according to the present embodiment is inserted into a body cavity, and the imaging unit 119 provided at the distal end portion 11 captures an image of a treatment target site in the body cavity and performs treatment.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram in a case where a treatment is performed with the tool 28 protruding from the distal end opening 26.
- the brightness contrast G (MTF) is defined as follows to clarify the explanation.
- the object of the white and black band (stripe) of the same width is received by the CCD 118 by the objective lens system 117.
- the maximum value of the luminance of the white object is Gmax
- the minimum value of the luminance of the black object is Gmin
- the luminance contrast G (Gmax ⁇ Gmin) / (Gmax + Gmin).
- the imaging unit 119 configured as described above, when set at the near point, when the object distance is 5.2 mm to 6.8 mm, the band of the black and white pair 60 When a subject with a pitch of 35 m is imaged, the brightness contrast G of the white band and the black band formed on the CCD light receiving surface is 10% or more.
- the image of the subject in the black-and-white pair band with a pitch of 35 ⁇ m formed on the light receiving surface of the CCD 118 by the objective lens system 117 is composed of the image signal output from the pixel on which the white band is formed and the black band.
- the difference between the image signals output from the imaged pixels is about 10% or more.
- the image signal is input to an image processing unit 47 via a CDS circuit 44, an A / D converter 45, and a signal conversion unit 46.
- a gamma process suitable for the monitor 5 and a row for removing noise are performed.
- Pass filter processing and the like are performed.
- the maximum value of the luminance signal obtained from the white object is Imax
- the minimum value of the luminance signal obtained from the black object is Imin
- the band of the black-and-white pair having a pitch of 35 m captured by the imaging unit 119 can be visually recognized on the monitor 5 as the band of the black-and-white pair.
- observation can be performed in a state in which identification is easy.
- Fig. 18 when the object distance is set to 6.8 mm and d is set to the near point side, and a black-and-white pair of stripes (stripe) 60 having a pitch of 35 ⁇ m is arranged at that position, the CCD 18 When the contrast I of the luminance signal that is photoelectrically converted and forms the video signal output from the signal conversion unit 46 becomes 10% or more as described above, the band 60 of the 35 / zm pitch black-and-white pair is displayed on the monitor 5. Will be visible.
- FIG. 18 also shows a state in which the treatment tool 28 protrudes from the distal end opening 26 of the channel. After the tip of the treatment tool 28 enters the field of view of the imaging unit 119, the treatment tool 28 is further protruded forward to allow the distal end of the treatment tool 28 to move forward. Is the object distance at which the band 60 of the black and white pair with a pitch of 35 ⁇ m can be viewed. It is in the state of d. In this state, since the object distance d is larger than HalU in Equation 6, d ⁇ (D -Lh + R) X tan (90 °- ⁇ / 2) (Equation 7)
- Equation 7 can be rewritten as
- the present embodiment when an optical system with a variable focal length is used, a subject such as an affected part to be treated by the treatment tool 28 can be observed in high detail, and the vicinity of the subject can be observed. The state of the tip of the protruding treatment instrument 28 can be observed in high detail, making it easy to perform treatment.
- the variable focal length optical system since the variable focal length optical system is used, the focal length of the objective optical system can be switched to the distant view side to cover a wide area.
- the present embodiment has the following effects.
- a variable focus optical system is used as the objective lens system 117 constituting the imaging unit 119 so that the angle of view hardly changes when the focal position is changed. As compared with the case, it is possible to obtain an endoscope image with higher resolution up to the near view side and the far view side.
- the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 protruding from the distal opening 26 of the channel 25 at a distance at which the black-and-white paired band of 35 ⁇ m pitch imaged by the imaging unit 119 can be visually recognized on the motor 5. Since it is visually recognizable on the force monitor 5, operability due to a narrow angle of view at the time of magnified observation can be improved with an endoscope using a conventional zoom optical system. For example, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to easily perform the treatment with the treatment tool 28 while performing detailed observation of the pit pattern of the large intestine and the subject such as a sword. .
- the distance in which the black and white pair band of 35 ⁇ m pitch can be visually recognized on the monitor is 5.2 mm to 6.8 mm.
- the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 can be put into the field of view, and by projecting further forward, the treatment instrument 28 reaches a distance at which the highest resolution can be obtained. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the distal end side of the treatment tool 28 can be sufficiently placed in the field of view, and the distance within the depth of field in the state set on the near point side can be sufficiently increased. When the operation of the tool 28 becomes relatively easy, a further effect can be obtained.
- the autofocus control is performed so that the variable focus optical system constituting the objective lens system 117 is in the focus state, the operator can perform a high-level operation from a distant view to a close view without any complicated operation. Observation of an endoscope image with a high resolution is enabled.
- the amount of illumination by the light source device 3 is controlled so that the brightness near the treatment tool 28 is optimized. I get cramped.
- the pixel pitch of the CCD 118 is 2.5 / ⁇
- the number of effective pixels is 1.3 million pixels
- the maximum angle of view of the imaging unit 119 is 138 °
- the depth of field on the near point side is 5 .
- Force from 2 mm to 10 mm and a distance between the optical axis O of the imaging unit 119 and the center of the tip opening 26 of 6 mm This is not limited to this.
- the effective number of pixels of the CCD 118 is 1.3 million pixels.
- the same effect can be obtained even with about 1.5 million pixels. In this case, the highest effect is obtained.
- the effect is obtained that the distance at which the resolving power can be obtained can be further increased.
- the explanation has been made using a color CCD of a complementary color type mosaic filter system.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and in an electronic endoscope, light of three primary colors such as a switching type is used as illumination light. And a monochrome (black and white) CCD in synchronization with the sequentially irradiated three primary colors of light.
- a method of taking in a body image and colorizing the image by an image processing apparatus is used. In this method, a similar effect can be obtained by satisfying the above conditions.
- R, G, and B signals can be obtained as a CCD output signal having approximately 650,000 effective pixels, and can be output to the monitor 5 without generating a luminance signal.
- the G signal having the highest luminance may be regarded as a luminance signal.
- the cemented lens 117d is moved and an actuator is used as a means for changing the focal position, and the focal position is controlled by auto-focusing, thereby realizing high-definition observation on the near view side.
- an actuator is used as a means for changing the focal position, and the focal position is controlled by auto-focusing, thereby realizing high-definition observation on the near view side.
- a wire attached to the lens moving frame 134 and this wire attached to the operation lever provided on the operation unit 8 and operated by this operation lever The same effect can be obtained by switching the focus position between the near view and the far view with.
- the angle of view As for the angle of view, the wider the angle of view, the more preferable the angle of view of 100 ° or more used in general endoscopes in consideration of the observability of the surroundings, the shorter the detection distance of the treatment tool.
- the image processing device 4C and the monitor 5 of the present embodiment are compatible with HDTV video signals, and are not limited to those described above. For example, they support high resolution monitors such as SVGA and XGA. The display method described above may be used.
- a heat radiating member 139 and a heat radiating cable 140 that disclose the heat radiation to the distal end member of the insertion section 7 by the heat radiating cable 140.
- a part of the signal cable 21 may be used as the heat dissipation cable 140.
- a dummy cable not used for driving may be provided in the signal cable 21, or an external shield for electromagnetic shielding of the signal cable 21 may be used.
- the same heat radiation effect can be obtained by fixing the conductor of the heat radiation cable 140 to the vicinity of the CCD chip 118b with a sealing resin having good conductivity without providing the heat radiation member 135.
- the output stage inside the CCD chip 118b is arranged as an external amplifier on the CCD substrate 118c, and the power consumption of the CCD chip 118b is distributed to the components on the external substrate. It is also effective to suppress heat generation of the CD chip 118b.
- FIG. 19 illustrates an overall configuration of an electronic endoscope system 1D including the fourth embodiment.
- This electronic endoscope system 1D is different from the electronic endoscope 2D shown in FIG. 11 in that a part of the electronic endoscope 2C is different from the electronic endoscope 2D and the autofocus unit 137 in the video processor 4C in the third embodiment.
- It has a video processor 4D equipped with a CPU 71 having a focus control function of 7 la.
- the light source unit 3 and the monitor 5 have the same configuration as that of the third embodiment.
- the basic configuration of the electronic endoscope 2D of the present embodiment is the same as that of the third embodiment, and the number of effective pixels of the CCD and a part of the configuration of the objective lens system are different.
- the positional relationship of the treatment tool channel is different. The following description focuses on the differences.
- FIG. 20 is a front view of the distal end face of the distal end portion 11 of the insertion section 7 in the electronic endoscope 2D of the present embodiment viewed from the front
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD in FIG.
- Reference numeral 23 denotes a monitor display image when the treatment tool 28 is protruded by the distal end 11 force.
- An imaging unit 119B having an objective lens system 172 and a CCD 173 shown in FIG. 20 or FIG. 21 is employed at the distal end portion 11 of the electronic endoscope 2D in this embodiment.
- the CCD173 has a pixel pitch of 2.8 m and has 800,000 effective pixels for monitor display.
- the imaging unit 119B has a variable focus objective lens system 172 having a maximum angle of view of 160 °, for example, when set on the near point side (near view).
- a meniscus lens is used as one lens 172a.
- the distal end portion 11 of the insertion portion 7 includes an imaging unit 119B including an objective lens system 172 having an outer diameter of the first lens 172a of ⁇ 2.8 mm and a shape canis, Channel end opening 26B, objective lens system 172 Water supply / air supply nozzle 143 that supplies water to and removes contaminants adhering to the surface of the tip, and exits from the end face of the light guide that transmits illumination light from light source device 3. Illumination lenses 16a and 16b for irradiating the object side with the light to be illuminated are provided.
- the imaging unit 119B captures the image of the subject and It is attached to the distal end of the insertion section so that the direction matches the vertical direction of the distal end of the insertion section shown in FIG.
- the treatment instrument channel 25 having an inner diameter of 2.2.8 mm is disposed diagonally downward and to the left, slightly deviated from the horizontal direction with respect to the imaging unit 119B, and as shown in FIG. Assuming that the axis and the horizontal direction are the X axis, the straight line connecting the central axis of the treatment tool channel 25 and the optical axis O of the imaging unit 119B forms an angle a with the X axis! .
- the optical axis O of the objective lens system 172 and the tip opening 26B are arranged in parallel, and in this embodiment, the center (optical axis O) of the objective lens system 172 is The center axis distance D of the tip opening 26B is 6 mm.
- the first lens 172a, the second lens 172b, and the third lens 172c shown in FIG. 21 are attached to the first lens frame 31, and the CCD fitted to the first lens frame 31
- the cemented lens 117d is automatically moved by the lens holding frame 134 in the frame 133, and the cemented lens 117d is moved in the optical axis O direction via the actuator 129.
- the CPU 71 provided in the video processor 4D basically moves the cemented lens 117d and shifts the focal position of the objective lens system 172 to the near view position and the distant view position instead of performing the continuous autofocus control in the third embodiment. Focus control is performed between the two positions, so that V is closer to the focus. In other words, two-step (pseudo-auto switching) focus control is performed.
- the CPU 71 reads the HD information of the electronic endoscope 2D connected to the video processor 4D from the scope ID memory 74, and reads the optical characteristic information of the imaging unit 119B of the electronic endoscope 2D. Is stored in the RAM 71c.
- This optical property information is information about typical contrast change characteristics or resolution when the object distance changes when the cemented lens 117d is set to a near view position and when the cemented lens 117d is set to a distant view position. Then, when performing two-stage focus control, the CPU 71 checks the temporal change of contrast information and the like in a state where the cemented lens 117d is set to one of the positions actually set, and is stored in the RAM 71c. By referring to the optical property information It is determined whether switching to the other position provides a larger contrast value, that is, whether or not the position is closer to the focus state.
- the CPU 71 determines that switching to the other position provides a larger contrast value, the CPU 71 controls the actuator driver 136 to set the cemented lens 117d to the other position. I do.
- the CPU 71 temporally monitors the contrast information in that state, and performs the same operation, so that the two lenses are positioned at the same position. Then, control is performed so that the lens position is closer to the focus state.
- the CPU 71 detects the brightness information from the signal conversion unit 46 and the brightness information, and further detects the contrast information from the image processing unit 47.
- the temporal change of the contrast information is monitored as described above, and by referring to the optical characteristic information, it is determined whether or not the switching force is required, and the cemented lens 117d is controlled at two positions according to the determination result.
- the CPU 71 performs control to set the distant view position.
- the objective lens systems 172 in both states exhibit different optical characteristics. For example, it has the highest resolution in the foreground, and has a greater depth of field in the distant view than the foreground feature, which has a slightly lower resolution than the near view. Specifically, when the cemented lens 117d is set to the near view side, the depth of field is 4.4 mm to 12 mm, and when it is set to the distant view side, the depth of field is 9 mm to 100 mm.
- F Nampa has been adjusted to be as follows.
- the resolution in both characteristics has a crossing (overlapping) part in a state in which the tendency is almost opposite at an intermediate distance between the foreground and the distant view. Then, it is possible to determine which position of the cemented lens 117d is closer to the focus state (focused state).
- the CPU 71 performs the determination, and controls the switching of the position of the cemented lens 117d according to the determination result.
- the objective lens system 172 in the state where the near view and the far view are set is used.
- the depth of field is set so as to be continuous (overlapping) at the part above the predetermined value, and the contrast I also has the predetermined value or more (for example, 10%) in the range up to the predetermined value of the spatial frequency.
- the parts are set to overlap.
- the image pickup unit 119B when the object distance is 4.4 mm to 5.8 mm and the pitch of the black and white pair band is 35 m, and the object distance is 4.4 mm to 5.8 mm, the image pickup unit 119B
- the contrast G between the imaged white band and the black band is 10% or more.
- the image of the subject in the black and white pair band having a pitch of 35 m formed on the light receiving surface of the CCD 173 by the objective lens system 172 is photoelectrically converted.
- the difference between the image signal output from the pixel where the white band is imaged and the image signal output from the pixel where the black band is imaged is 10% or more.
- This image signal is input to an image processing unit 47 via a CDS circuit 44, an AZD translator 45, and a signal conversion unit 46. For example, gamma processing suitable for a monitor, electric mask processing, and the like are performed. It is output to the monitor 5 so that the contrast I between the white and black bands is 10% or more.
- the contrast I is 10% or more for the above-mentioned subject, the white band and black band can be distinguished from the displayed image power, and observation can be performed with sufficient resolution.
- the black and white pair band of 35 ⁇ m pitch imaged by the imaging unit 119B can be visually recognized as a black and white pair band on the monitor.
- the contrast value decreases as the object distance increases. If the CPU 71 determines that a higher contrast value can be obtained by switching, the joint lens 117d switches to the position in the distant view. Perform control.
- FIG. 22 shows the operation of the two-step autofocus control (more precisely, the two-step substantially autofocus control) in this embodiment.
- focus is abbreviated as AF.
- the CPU 71 reads optical characteristic information from the scope ID memory 74 and stores it in the RAM 71c as an initial setting. Further, as shown in step S12, the CPU 71 obtains typical contrast information, depth of field information, and resolution characteristic information close to the AF between the distant view position and the close view position from the optical characteristic information. Are set as criteria for AF switching.
- the cemented lens 117d is set to the distant view position and the near view position, the objective lens system 117 in this embodiment is set so that a part of the depth of field in the focus state at each position overlaps. Te ru.
- the CPU 71 performs control processing for setting the cemented lens 117d to the distant view position.
- the CPU 71 determines whether or not the current brightness level of the brightness signal is equal to or higher than a threshold Vth for determining a dark image state set in advance. If it is determined that the difference is equal to or less than the threshold value Vth, the process returns to step S13, and these processes are repeated with the distant view position. In other words, even if automatic dimming is performed, if appropriate brightness cannot be secured, the state of the distant view position is maintained.
- the cement lens 117d is set to the distant view position for the following reason.
- the insertion section 7 of the electronic endoscope 2D is inserted into the body cavity, and illumination light is emitted from the illumination lenses 16a and 16b provided on the distal end surface of the distal end portion 11 to illuminate a subject such as an affected part.
- the distance is small, there is almost no shortage of the amount of illumination. Therefore, when the brightness level of the luminance signal is equal to or less than the threshold value Vth, the subject is considered to be far away.
- the cemented lens 117d is set to the distant view position.
- step S15 the CPU 71 uses the determination criterion to determine whether the contrast value or the like that is currently detected is in the distant view side (than in the near view side) A judgment is made as to whether or not they are close.
- step S15 the CPU 71 Performs a control process of setting the cemented lens 117d to the foreground position.
- step S17 the CPU 71 determines whether or not the currently detected contrast value is closer to the near view side (than to the far view side). If this condition is satisfied, the process returns to step S13 to perform processing for setting the position to a distant view.
- step S18 the CPU 71 determines whether or not the current brightness level of the brightness signal is equal to or higher than the threshold Vth for determining a dark image state set in advance. . When it is determined that the difference is equal to or smaller than the threshold value Vth, the process returns to step S13. Conversely, if it is determined that the difference is equal to or greater than the threshold Vth, the process returns to step S17
- the electrical masking process creates an octagonal display area 5b with an aspect ratio of 1: 1.2 on the display screen of the monitor 5 as shown in FIG. Displays the subject imaged by the imaging unit 19B.
- the angle of view on the display area 5b obtained by the electric mask processing is the largest angle of view ( ⁇ max) at the point P in the diagonal direction in the case of a horizontally long display area as shown in FIG.
- the mask processing is performed so that the angle of view 160 ° of the objective lens system 172 matches the maximum angle of view 0 max.
- the mask processing reduces the angle of view on the monitor screen most vertically in the vertical direction, and then narrows the angle of view in the horizontal direction.
- the point P which is the maximum diagonal is set such that an angle formed by a straight line connecting the point P and the screen center and a horizontal direction on the monitor screen is ex.
- the unit 119B is arranged so that the X-axis direction of the distal end portion 11 of the insertion portion and the monitor horizontal direction coincide as shown in FIG. 20, the treatment tool arranged at an angle ⁇ with respect to the X-axis
- the treatment tool 28 which also protrudes the opening 26 at the distal end of the channel 25, is positioned on the monitor 5 at the lower left corner, which is roughly in the horizontal direction, more precisely, slightly below the horizontal direction. It is displayed in the display area 5b from near the point.
- the protruding amount Hall of the treatment tool 28 from the distal end surface of the distal end portion 11 is derived as shown in Expression 9.
- the treatment tool 28 has an amount of protrusion of the distal end portion 11 from the distal end surface of 0.5.
- a force of 8 mm or more also starts to enter the field of view of the imaging unit 119B, and when it is projected beyond 1.07 mm, almost the entire tip of the treatment tool 28 enters the field of view.
- the distance that the black and white pair band of 35 ⁇ m pitch set on the near point side of the imaging unit 119B in the present embodiment can be visually recognized on the monitor is 4.4 mm.
- the tip side of 28 is within the field of view of the imaging unit 119B, and can be visually recognized on the monitor 5.
- This embodiment has the following effects.
- This embodiment employs a variable focal length optical system having a variable focal length as the objective optical system constituting the imaging unit 119B, and therefore has a higher resolution from the near view side to the far view side than the single focus optical system. Images can be obtained.
- the image pickup with the pixel pitch of the CCD173 set to 2.8 m, the effective pixel number set to 800,000 pixels, the maximum angle of view of the imaging unit 119B set to 160 °, and the near point side is set.
- the depth of field was set to 4.4 mm to 12 mm, and the distance between the optical axis O of the imaging unit 119B and the center of the tip opening 26 was set to 6 mm, but is not limited to this.
- the pixel pitch, the effective number of pixels, the maximum angle of view, and the near point so that the difference between the output signal obtained from the pixel that captured the object and the output signal obtained from the pixel that captured the black subject is 10% or more.
- the maximum angle of view so that the treatment instrument can be observed at an object distance where the difference in the output signal is 10% or more when the 35 m Even if the distance between the optical axis O of the imaging unit 19 and the center of the distal end opening 26 is changed, almost the same effect can be obtained.
- the same effect can be obtained even with about 600,000 pixels in the case of the power mosaic color filter method in which the number of effective pixels is 800,000. Since the depth of field is further increased and the cross area of the depth with the depth of field on the far point side is widened, the effect that the focus can be switched more smoothly can be obtained.
- a monochrome (black and white) CCD captures an object in synchronization with the sequentially irradiated light of the three primary colors and colorizes the image with an image processing device.
- a CCD with about 250,000 effective pixels, an effect equivalent to 600,000 pixels of the mosaic filter method can be obtained.
- the display area 5b of the monitor screen 5a is a horizontally long octagon in which the display size in the horizontal direction is longer than in the vertical direction (vertical direction). Power is not limited to this case.
- the distal end opening force is increased so that the protruding treatment tool 28 has a wide display area and a large direction. It is good to be displayed in!
- the direction in which the display area is wide means that the limit of the display area of the observation image displayed on the screen is smaller than that in other directions due to electronic mask processing, etc.! Say the direction.
- the CPU 71 can select the two-step autofocus control function 71a and the three-step autofocus control function 71b by the mode switching switch SW1. Good!
- the CPU 71 includes a three-step autofocus control function 71a and a three-step autofocus control function 71a. It has a single control function 71b.
- the CPU 71 performs focus control in a two-step autofocus mode or a three-step autofocus mode, for example, in accordance with a selection signal selected by a mode switching switch SW1 provided in the operation unit 8 of the electronic endoscope 2D. .
- the scope ID memory (memory) 74 stores optical characteristic information unique to the electronic endoscope 2D.
- information on the optical characteristics regarding the contrast value and the like when the cemented lens 117d is set at an intermediate point set between the near point and the far point in addition to the near point and the far point is stored.
- information for driving (moving) the cemented lens 117d is stored at the position of the intermediate point.
- the CPU 71 of the video processor 4D reads out the optical characteristic information, stores it in, for example, the RAM 71c, and performs two-stage focus control or three-stage focus control in the fourth embodiment.
- the two-stage focus control of the near point and the far point has a valley between the optical characteristics of the two near the intermediate position of the two. It tends to be difficult to improve to have favorable properties. For example, when the depth of field is continuous at a predetermined value or more and the contrast I is 10% or more in the foreground and distant views, if the position of the intermediate point between the two can be switched, In addition, it is possible to continue with a value of the depth of field and a value of the contrast I which are larger than those conditions, and it is possible to realize more improved optical characteristics.
- the cemented lens 117d can be set at the position of the intermediate point between the near point and the far point as described above, the depth of field and the resolution can be further increased, and thus more preferable optical characteristics Can be easily realized.
- the control method for performing three-step focus control is similar to the two-step focus control.
- the CPU 71 monitors the temporal change of the contrast information in that state. In that case, the CPU 71 determines whether or not to switch between the near point state and the intermediate point. to decide.
- the temporal change of the contrast information is monitored to change to the near point side, or to the far point side, depending on whether it changes to the near point side or the near point side. Determine whether to switch to the far point. Therefore, the control is similar to that of the fourth embodiment, Focus control can also be performed.
- FIG. 25 shows the CPU 71 in the second modification.
- the CPU 71 may perform a two-step auto force control function 71a and a two-step manual control function 71d according to a mode switching instruction signal of the mode switching switch SW1.
- the two-step autofocus control function 71a is the same as that described in the fourth embodiment.
- the CPU 71 moves the cemented lens 17d to the near point side when the near point indicating switch in the manual operation switch SW2 is operated.
- the CPU 71 performs a control operation of moving the cemented lens 117d to the far point side.
- the operator has a wider range of observation (imaging) options when performing a diagnosis or the like using the electronic endoscope 2D, and can realize a more user-friendly one.
- the two-step autofocus control function 71a and the two-step manual control function 71d are described.
- the three-step autofocus control function 71b and the three-step manual control function are performed. May be performed.
- the autofocus control function in a plurality of stages and the manual control function in a plurality of stages may be performed using a CPU or the like.
- continuous autofocus control, multiple-stage focus control, and continuous or multiple-stage manual control may be performed in response to a mode switching instruction operation.
- the image processing device 4D and the monitor 5 are compatible with the video signals of the HDTV system, but are not limited thereto.
- they support the video signals of the NTSC system and the PAL system. It may be done.
- a VGA or SVGA system may be used.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Endoscopes (AREA)
- Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2006144442/14A RU2006144442A (ru) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-05-13 | Электронный эндоскоп |
| CA002567737A CA2567737A1 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-05-13 | Electronic endoscope |
| KR1020067023693A KR100911793B1 (ko) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-05-13 | 전자 내시경 |
| AU2005244353A AU2005244353B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-05-13 | Electronic endoscope |
| EP05739184.9A EP1757221A4 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-05-13 | ELECTRONIC ENDOSCOPE |
| US11/593,427 US7828721B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2006-11-06 | Electronic endoscope |
| US12/894,887 US8444548B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2010-09-30 | Electronic endoscope |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004145697A JP4377745B2 (ja) | 2004-05-14 | 2004-05-14 | 電子内視鏡 |
| JP2004-145697 | 2004-05-14 | ||
| JP2005109094A JP4464858B2 (ja) | 2005-04-05 | 2005-04-05 | 電子内視鏡 |
| JP2005-109094 | 2005-04-05 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/593,427 Continuation US7828721B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2006-11-06 | Electronic endoscope |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005110202A1 true WO2005110202A1 (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
Family
ID=35393935
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/008800 Ceased WO2005110202A1 (ja) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-05-13 | 電子内視鏡 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7828721B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1757221A4 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100911793B1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2005244353B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2567737A1 (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2006144442A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005110202A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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| JP2016195772A (ja) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-24 | オリンパス株式会社 | 内視鏡装置の合焦制御装置、内視鏡装置及び内視鏡装置の合焦制御方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110021872A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
| US8444548B2 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
| RU2006144442A (ru) | 2008-06-20 |
| AU2005244353B2 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
| KR100911793B1 (ko) | 2009-08-12 |
| EP1757221A1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
| CA2567737A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
| AU2005244353A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
| EP1757221A4 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
| KR20070018945A (ko) | 2007-02-14 |
| US20070055104A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
| US7828721B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 |
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