WO2005111516A1 - Glass vacuum heat pipe type solar heat collection pipe - Google Patents

Glass vacuum heat pipe type solar heat collection pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005111516A1
WO2005111516A1 PCT/CN2005/000668 CN2005000668W WO2005111516A1 WO 2005111516 A1 WO2005111516 A1 WO 2005111516A1 CN 2005000668 W CN2005000668 W CN 2005000668W WO 2005111516 A1 WO2005111516 A1 WO 2005111516A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
heat
vacuum solar
volume
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2005/000668
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhiqiang Yin
Xiyuan Yan
Chuanjin Niu
Chunmei Li
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TSINGHUA SOLAR Ltd
Tsinghua Solar Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
TSINGHUA SOLAR Ltd
Tsinghua Solar Systems Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2004200509367U external-priority patent/CN2720342Y/zh
Priority claimed from CN2005100073272A external-priority patent/CN1815102B/zh
Application filed by TSINGHUA SOLAR Ltd, Tsinghua Solar Systems Ltd filed Critical TSINGHUA SOLAR Ltd
Priority to EP05743402.9A priority Critical patent/EP1752720B1/en
Publication of WO2005111516A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005111516A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collecting pipe, and belongs to the technical field of solar heat utilization. Background technique
  • Glass-metal vacuum solar heat collectors with metal heat pipes are mature heat collectors with high heat collection performance. They are mainly composed of traditional all-glass vacuum solar heat collectors and metal heat pipes in the form of inner or outer tubes. However, this form of heat collection is complicated in structure, cumbersome in process, and high in manufacturing cost.
  • an idea of an all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar collector has appeared.
  • the idea is to improve the traditional all-glass vacuum solar heat collecting tube.
  • the same kind of diameter is used between the outer glass tube (cover glass tube) and the inner glass tube of the heat collecting tube between the inner glass tube and the cover glass tube diameter.
  • the glass is lengthened and vacuum-sealed, so that the open inner lumen of a traditional all-glass vacuum solar collector tube is vacuum-tightened.
  • the vacuum-tight lumen is pre-filled with a liquid heat transfer medium.
  • the cover glass tube and the inner glass tube are the same glass. material.
  • the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collecting pipe has a simple structure, strong reliability of melting and sealing of the same glass, and low manufacturing cost.
  • a heat pipe type vacuum heat collecting tube is characterized by an all-glass heat pipe type vacuum heat collecting tube, which is coated with a spectrum selected by the outer surface of the light collecting part.
  • the inner glass tube of the absorbing coating and the highly reflective substrate is supported in the outer glass tube by a strong support with a getter and a reed, and the inner and outer glass tubes are fused and sealed to close the interlayer and pass through
  • the exhaust nozzle is closed by melting, and then the inner cavity of the inner glass tube is evacuated through a liquid injection nozzle at the upper end of the inner glass tube to evacuate the air. After the injection, an appropriate amount of working fluid is injected.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat collecting tube, where 1 is an outer glass tube, 2 is an inner glass tube, and is divided into an evaporation section and a condensation section, P1-P1 is a cross-sectional position, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structure of P1-P1 Schematic diagram, where 3 is a selective absorption membrane and 4 is a vacuum gap.
  • the volume of the enclosed space of an all-glass heat pipe vacuum collector tube with a diameter of 34 mm and a length of 1.6 m in an inner glass tube is about 1.45 liters. If one gram of water is used as the heat transfer medium, one gram of water When the molecular hydraulic working substance is completely vaporized, a water vapor pressure of 19 bar atmosphere is generated in the 1.45 liter vacuum confined space.
  • the tensile strength of glass is about one tenth of its compressive strength, and glass tubes may swell. Therefore, neither the amount of heat transfer working medium nor the examples are given in the above patent applications and patents.
  • the second problem is the heat transfer in the evaporation and condensation sections.
  • the spectrally selective absorption coating on the outer surface of the inner glass tube converts sunlight into heat, conducts heat through the glass tube wall, and transfers thermal energy to the liquid heat transfer medium. Since the thermal conductivity of borosilicate glass is about three-thousandths of that of copper, the liquid working medium has a longer time to evaporate and gasify in response to sunlight in a larger volume of glass enclosed space. Therefore, the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collector has the phenomenon of solar-heat conversion of evaporation and vaporization lagging behind the selective absorption coating.
  • the other side The vaporized liquid heat transfer medium is condensed into a liquid heat transfer medium in the condensing section, and the latent heat and sensible heat energy released by the condensing section will transfer the heat energy to the outside of the condensing section through a glass tube with the same poor heat conduction Large thermal resistance.
  • the aforementioned patent applications and patents do not indicate the length and shape of the condensation section of the heat pipe.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of liquid heat transfer medium with high safety performance, reasonable quantity of liquid heat transfer shields, and the improved length and shape of the condensing section glass through research on the types and quantities of liquid heat transfer mediums.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collecting pipe of the present invention, which comprises an all-glass vacuum solar heat collecting pipe (evaporation section) 5, a butt pipe (condensing section) 4, an enclosed space 15 and a liquid heat transfer working medium 17.
  • the all-glass vacuum solar heat collecting tube 5 includes a cover glass tube 6, an inner glass tube 7, an annular sealing end 9, a selective absorption coating 10, a support member 11 for the inner glass tube dome, and a vacuum sandwich 13.
  • the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid heat transfer working medium to the volume of the closed space is 0.03% to 10%, and the length of the butt pipe is in a range of 40mm to 300mm.
  • the liquid heat transfer medium of the present invention can be an aqueous solution, including an inorganic acid, an inorganic salt solution, such as Nacl, potassium dichromate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, or a mixture thereof.
  • an inorganic salt solution such as Nacl, potassium dichromate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, or a mixture thereof.
  • the liquid heat transfer working medium of the present invention may also use a low-molecular organic solution, such as propylene glycol, ethanol, or a mixture thereof.
  • the liquid heat transfer medium of the present invention is preferably a 0-30% propylene glycol aqueous solution, which has a low freezing point and is not easy to freeze, and will not freeze in cold winters.
  • the volume ratio of the volume of the heat transfer working medium to the volume of the enclosed space in the present invention is preferably 0.03% or more and less than 0.1%. Because the liquid heat transfer quality is very small, there is no frost cracking problem of the glass tube, and the startup is fast.
  • the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid heat transfer working medium to the volume of the enclosed space is 0.2% -0.67% (1/150).
  • the liquid heat transfer quality is moderate, and sufficient liquid heat transfer quality is ensured to be taken away. Heat gained from evaporation section.
  • the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid heat transfer working medium to the volume of the enclosed space in the present invention is greater than 0.5% and less than or equal to 10%.
  • the quality of liquid heat transfer is relatively large, and the quantitative filling is more convenient.
  • the working mass-volume ratio is preferably 0.08% -1%. In this range, the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collector has the best heat gain performance.
  • the liquid heat transfer working medium of the present invention is also preferably an aqueous ethanol solution.
  • the low vaporization temperature of ethanol can make the efficiency of the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collector start faster, that is, the speed of responding to solar radiation is faster.
  • ethanol is easy to gasify, a higher amount of ethanol working mass may produce a higher pressure than other types of working fluid in practical applications, thereby having a higher risk of glass tube bursting.
  • the characteristics of the ethanol heat transfer medium were different from those of the aqueous solution heat transfer medium and the propylene glycol aqueous solution heat transfer medium. For home tests, better heat gain performance is obtained when the ethanol mass-volume ratio is greater than 1%.
  • the outer wall of the inner glass tube of the all-glass vacuum solar heat collecting tube of the present invention has one or more ring-shaped support members in the axial direction.
  • the ring-shaped support members can ensure the strength and processing of the heat pipe vacuum heat-collecting tube during installation and transportation. Better coaxiality between the inner glass tube and the cover glass tube. If the ring support is to simplify the ring sealing process, it can be fixed at a distance of 20-100mm from the ring sealing end. If it is not easy to be damaged during transportation, it can also be distributed in the axial direction. Centered.
  • the structural schematic diagram of the ring support is shown in Figure 5, where 12 is a ring support The support member, 6 is a cover glass tube, and 7 is an inner glass tube.
  • the butt pipe according to the present invention is provided with a pressure-limiting thin wall.
  • the thickness of the pressure-limiting thin wall is 1/2 to 4/5 of the thickness of the other parts of the glass of the butt pipe.
  • the butt pipe can be processed into multiple protrusions, so that the heat dissipation area of the condensation section can be increased without increasing the length of the condensation section.
  • These protrusions 21 on the docking tube can be seen as shown in FIG. 6.
  • a pressure-limiting thin wall is provided at the sealed end of the butt pipe.
  • the thickness of the pressure-limiting thin wall is 1/2 to 4/5 of the thickness of the glass of the other part of the butt. The minimum can guarantee the strength of 6 atmospheres, so that when the air pressure in the confined space is too high, the pressure limiting thin wall will first swell, and the broken glass will remain at the bottom of the water tank, and the collection exposed outside the hot water storage tank The heat pipe is still intact, so that it will not cause leakage of the entire water heater and ensure the normal use of the water heater.
  • the work quality of all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collection tubes is relatively small, there are usually only some at the bottom of the heat collection tubes, but when the heat collection tubes are assembled into a water heater, the bottom end of the heat collection tubes will be inserted into the support of the water heater, which will Part of the inner glass tube with a selective absorption coating is blocked from sunlight, which is not conducive to heating and heating liquid heat transfer working fluid. Therefore, in order to accelerate the working response speed of the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collector, the distance from the inner glass tube dome to 15mm near the sealed end of the cover glass tube is 30mm-120mm, preferably in the range of 60mm-90mm.
  • the advantages of the present invention are: the amount of liquid heat transfer working medium of the proposed all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collecting pipe to ensure its safe use, and the length range of the proposed condensation section to ensure its good heat exchange performance;
  • the pressure-limiting thin wall is specially set on the pipe. The pressure-limiting thin wall is located inside the water tank during use. When the thin-wall explodes, the heat-collecting tube works as usual, so the heat-collecting device can work normally, and it will not cause personal injury.
  • the annular support in the axial direction can improve the structural strength of the heat collecting tube, It is proved that it is not easy to be damaged during installation and transportation; there are one or more protrusions on the butt pipe, which can increase the condensation area and quickly exchange heat; shorten the length of the inner glass tube, so that the sun can directly shine on the inner glass tube dome and directly heat To the liquid heat transfer medium to ensure the working response speed of the collector tube.
  • the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collecting tube is an integrated integration of the vacuum heat collecting tube and the heat pipe, a solar-heating device for collecting and transferring heat is formed.
  • the smoldering solar radiation, air exposure parameters and loss coefficients in conventional solar-thermal performance test methods are no longer available.
  • a person skilled in the art lacks knowledge of the actual working state of the heat transfer working medium in the glass lumen, and lacks a reasonable test scheme for comparing the heat collection performance of the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collector in various situations. It is necessary to explore a new thermal performance test method to identify and optimize the relationship between the type and quality of the heat transfer medium, the length of the condensation section, and the vacuum heat collection tubes of different diameters of the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collection tubes. So far, no test methods or test data for all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar collectors have been disclosed in the prior art.
  • the outer diameter of the cover glass tube 6 is q> 47mm
  • the outer diameter of the inner glass tube 7 is ⁇ p37mm
  • the length is 1500mm
  • the length of the butt pipe 14 is 120mm
  • the volume of the closed space 15 is formed.
  • the condensing section of the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collecting tube is inserted into a heat storage box to heat water at ambient temperature therein. Under a certain amount of solar radiation, the temperature of the water in the heat storage box is tested to determine the temperature of the water. Heat gain of glass heat pipe vacuum solar collector.
  • all the working masses refer to the body of the liquid heat transfer working fluid.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat pipe heat collecting tube.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of the position of the heat collecting tube P1-P1 of the patent CN 1125290C heat pipe.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the relative heat gain and the liquid heat transfer mass in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the volume ratio on the horizontal axis is the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid heat transfer fluid to the volume of the closed space of the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar collector tube. It is the relative heat quantity value obtained by all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar collectors with different volume ratio liquid working mass.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the positional relationship between the annular support, the cover glass tube and the inner glass.
  • Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of a butt pipe with a protrusion. detailed description
  • 5 is an all-glass vacuum solar collector tube
  • 6 is a cover glass tube
  • 7 is an inner glass tube
  • 8 is an inner glass tube dome
  • 9 is a ring-shaped sealed end
  • 10 is a selective absorption coating
  • 11 Is the inner glass tube dome support
  • 12 is an annular support
  • 13 is a vacuum sandwich
  • 14 is a butt pipe
  • 15 is a closed space
  • 16 is a pressure-limiting thin wall
  • 17 is a liquid heat transfer medium
  • 18 is a butt pipe Sealing mouth
  • 19 is the sealing mouth of the cover glass tube
  • 20 is the outer diameter near the sealing end of the cover glass tube (pl5mm).
  • the selective absorption coating 10 is sputtered on the surface of the inner glass tube 7, and the ring-shaped support member 12 is set in the appropriate position of the inner glass tube 7.
  • the inner glass tube 7 is inserted into the inner glass tube dome support.
  • the inner glass tube dome 8 is fixed by the inner glass tube dome support member 11, and the other ends of the cover glass tube 6 and the inner glass tube 7 are looped.
  • Sealing to obtain a ring-shaped sealing end 9, at this time, an all-glass vacuum solar heat collecting tube 5 is basically made, and then the butt pipe 14 with an exhaust nozzle and the ring-shaped sealing end 9 are fused and sealed together. At this time, the glass tube 6 is covered.
  • Both the butt pipe 14 and the butt pipe 14 have an exhaust nozzle, which is evacuated by a vacuum system.
  • the vacuum interlayer 13 between the cover glass tube 6 and the inner glass tube 7 reaches the required degree of vacuum
  • the exhaust nozzle of the cover glass tube is sealed.
  • the liquid heat transfer medium is filled first, and then the exhaust nozzle of the butt pipe 14 is sealed off.
  • the following specifications of the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar collector tube Corresponding to the all-glass vacuum solar collector tube 5 model ⁇ 37 / ⁇ 47-1500, that is, the outer diameter of the cover glass tube 6 is (p47mm, the outer diameter of the inner glass tube 7 is ⁇ p37mm, length 1500mm, butt tube 14 is 120mm in length, the closed space 15 formed Volume of about 1.45 liters.
  • the all-glass vacuum solar heat-collecting tube prepared in Example 1 was selected, in which pure water was used as the liquid heat transfer medium. Based on the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid heat transfer working medium to the enclosed space volume of the all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collector tube, 0.03%, 0.08%, 0.095%, 0.14% 0.17%, 0.2%, 0.3 %, 0.55%, 0.67%, 0.8%, 2%> 3%, 10% water. These collector tubes are used to heat 1.45 liters of water at ambient temperature in the heat storage tank. Under the condition that the cumulative solar radiation is 6.9 MJ / m 2 , the one with the highest heat quantity is used as the base number 1.
  • Example 3 A 30% propylene glycol aqueous solution was used as a heat transfer shield, and the thermal performance of an all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar collector was compared under different shield amounts.
  • Example 2 Using the same test method as in Example 2, an all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collector made of a 30% propylene glycol aqueous solution was optimized, and it was found that this solution had the same heat-generating performance as water. However, since the propylene glycol aqueous solution has better antifreeze performance, the performance of an all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collector tube made of a propylene glycol aqueous solution of 0.08% -1% working mass is also preferred.
  • Ethanol is used as a heat transfer medium to compare the thermal performance of all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar collectors under different working qualities
  • Example 2 Using the same test method as in Example 2, an all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar heat collector made of ethanol was optimized. When the working mass-volume ratio is 1%, it has better heat gain performance, and the ethanol solution has better freeze resistance and lower gasification temperature.
  • an all-glass heat pipe vacuum solar collector tube with a heat transfer quality of 0.55% was selected.
  • the length of the condensation section was selected from 40mm, 60mm, 90mm, 120mm, 150mm, 180mm, 200mm. , 300mm, this is also the usual diameter of the water heater storage tank.

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Description

全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管 技术领域
本发明涉及一种全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 属于太阳能热 利用技术领域。 背景技术
具有金属热管的玻璃-金属真空太阳集热管是发展成熟、集热 性能较高的集热器件， 其主要由传统的全玻璃真空太阳集热管与 内管或外管形式的金属热管构成。 但这种集热形式构造复杂、 工 艺繁瑣、 制造成本高。
为简化工艺、 降低成本， 近年来出现了一种全玻璃热管真空 太阳集热管的设想。 该设想对传统的全玻璃真空太阳集热管做了 改进， 在集热管的外玻璃管 （罩玻璃管） 与内玻璃管的封接处， 于内玻璃管至罩玻璃管直径之间用同种玻璃接长并且真空封闭， 使传统全玻璃真空太阳集热管的开放式内管腔真空密闭， 真空密 闭管腔内预先填充有液体传热工质， 其中罩玻璃管与内玻璃管为 同种玻璃材料。 这种全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管的构造简单， 同 种玻璃熔封可靠性强， 制造成本低。
在公开号为 CN 1121577A, 申请号为 94117274.0的中国专利 申请中描述了 "一种热管式真空集热管，其特征是一种全玻璃热管 式真空集热管， 它由外表面采光部位涂覆光谱选择性吸收涂层及 高反射衬底的内玻璃管通过带消气剂的强性支架及簧片支承在外 玻璃明管内， 且内、 外玻璃管之间烧熔封接， 使其夹层封闭， 并 通过排气咀烧熔封闭， 再通过内玻璃管其上端的注液咀对内玻璃 管的内腔抽真空， 使其空气抽净， 完后注入适量工质， 注好后将 注液咀烧熔封闭， 从而形成全玻璃热管式真空集热管"。 在授权公告号为 CN 1125290C、专利号为 98101708.8的中国 专利中公开了一种集热管及其热水装置， 其中集热管的特征是： 封有液体的作用媒体的内侧玻璃管及外侧玻璃管， 其是使所述内 侧玻璃管的一部分露出而密封着， 并在由该外侧玻璃管和所述内 侧玻璃管形成的内部空间， 保持为减压状态， 使所述内侧玻璃管 被所述外侧玻璃管覆盖的区域， 具有蒸发段的作用， 使所述内侧 玻璃管从外侧玻璃管露出的区域具有冷凝段的作用。 图 1是该集 热管的结构示意图， 其中 1是外侧玻璃管， 2是内侧玻璃管， 并 分为蒸发段和冷凝段， P1-P1是剖视位置， 图 2是 P1-P1的剖视 结构示意图， 其中 3是选择性吸收膜， 4是真空间隙。
然而迄今为止， 上述全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管设想一直没 有得到实际应用。
首先因为本领域中的专业人员始终认为全玻璃热管真空太阳 集热管具有安全问题。在晴朗的天气，太阳辐照度高于 800W/m2, 全玻璃真空太阳集热管内空晒温度超过 200°C。 通过初步计算， 例如在一种内玻璃管内直径为 34mm、长 1.6m的全玻璃热管真空 集热管密闭空间的体积约为 1.45升， 如果使用一克分子的水作为 传热工质， 当一克分子水工质全部气化时， 在所述 1.45升真空密 闭空间内产生 19巴大气压的水蒸气压。玻璃的抗张强度约为其抗 压强度的十分之一， 玻璃管可能发生胀裂。 因此， 上述专利申请 和专利中既没有给出传热工质的使用量， 也没有给出实施例。
其次是蒸发段及冷凝段的传热问题。 一方面内玻璃管外表面 的光谱选择性吸收涂层将太阳光转化为热， 通过玻璃管壁导热， 将热能传递到液体传热工质。 由于硼硅玻璃的导热系数约 铜的 千分之三， 液体工质在较大体积的玻璃密闭空间中响应于阳光发 生蒸发、 气化的时间较长。 因此全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管存在 蒸发、 气化滞后于选择性吸收涂层的太阳光-热转化现象。 另一方 面经气化的液体传热工质在冷凝段冷凝成液体传热工质， 其释放 的潜热与显热的热能将通过冷凝段的同样导热极差的玻璃管将热 能传递到冷凝段外侧， 传热热阻大。 上述专利申请和专利中没有 指出热管冷凝段的长度与形状。
由于上述观点， 本领域中普遍认为全玻璃热管真空太阳集热 管安全性能和集热性能差， 这种观点阻碍了全玻璃热管真空太阳 集热管的发展和应用。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于， 通过对液体传热工质的种类、 数量的研 究， 提供一种安全性能高、 具有合理液体传热工盾的种类及其数 量和改进的冷凝段玻璃的长度及其形状的全玻璃热管真空太阳集 热管。
本发明的目的是通过本发明的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管实 现的， 其包括全玻璃真空太阳集热管（蒸发段） 5、 对接管（冷凝 段） 4、 密闭空间 15和液体传热工质 17， 所述全玻璃真空太阳集 热管 5包括罩玻璃管 6、 内玻璃管 7、 环形封口端 9、 选择性吸收 涂层 10、 内玻璃管圆顶的支撑件 11、 真空夹层 13， 其特征在于 液体传热工质的体积占所述密闭空间容积的体积比为 0.03 % ~ 10%, 所述对接管的长度在 40mm ~ 300mm范围。
本发明所述液体传热工质可采用水性溶液， 包括无机酸、 无 机盐水溶液， 如 Nacl、 重铬酸钾、 硫酸钾、 硫酸铵、 磷酸铵、 硫 酸、 磷酸或它们的混合物。
本发明所述液体传热工质还可采用低分子有机溶液， 例如丙 二醇、 乙醇或它们的混合物。
本发明所述液体传热工质优选 0 ~ 30%的丙二醇水溶液， 其 冰点低不易冻结， 在寒冷的冬季不会冻结。 本发明所述传热工质的体积占所述密闭空间容积的体积比优 选大于等于 0.03%， 小于 0.1%。 由于液体传热工质量非常少， 不 会有玻璃管冻裂问题， 启动快。
本发明所述液体传热工质的体积占所述密闭空间容积的体积 比为 0.2%-0.67%(1/150)， 液体传热工质量适中，保证有足够的液 体传热工质量带走蒸发段得到的热量。
本发明所述液体传热工质的体积占所述密闭空间容积的体积 比为大于 0.5%, 小于等于 10%。 液体传热工质量相对较多， 灌 注定量比较方便。
根据本发明， 在水性传热工质和丙二醇水溶液传热工质的情 形下， 工质量体积比优选为 0.08%-1%。 在此范围中， 全玻璃热 管真空太阳集热管的得热性能最佳。
本发明所述液体传热工质还优选乙醇水溶液。 乙醇气化温度 低， 可以使全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管的功效启动较快， 即响应 于太阳辐照的速度较快。 然而由于乙醇易于气化， 数量较高的乙 醇工质量在实际应用中可能会相对于其它工质种类产生更高的压 强， 从而具有更高的玻璃管胀裂的风险。 令人惊奇的是， 在本发 明的试验中， 乙醇传热工质的特性与水性溶液传热工质和丙二醇 水溶液传热工质的特性不同。 居测试， 乙醇工质量体积比大于 1 %时获得较佳的得热性能。
本发明所述全玻璃真空太阳集热管的内玻璃管外壁上沿轴向 有一个或一个以上环形支撑件， 加上环形支撑件后， 可以保证热 管真空集热管在安装和运输时的强度以及加工工艺上内玻璃管和 罩玻璃管之间更好的同轴。 环形支撑件如果是为了环形封接工艺 的简化， 可以将其固定在离环形封口端 20-100mm的距离范围最 好， 如果为了运输时不易损坏， 也可以沿轴向分布多个环形支撑 件或居中放置。环形支撑件的结构示意图见图 5,其中 12是环形支 撑件， 6是罩玻璃管， 7是内玻璃管。
本发明所述对接管设有限压薄壁， 限压薄壁的厚度是对接管 其它部分玻璃厚度的 1/2〜4/5, 有了限压薄壁后， 如果密闭空间内 的压强过高时， 首先会在限压薄壁处破裂， 而其在热水器贮热水 箱外的部分仍是完整的， 可以保证热水器的正常使用。
为了使对接管的冷凝效果更好， 可以将对接管加工成有多处 突起的， 这样就可以增大冷凝段的散热面积， 但又不会加长冷凝 段的长度。 如图 6可以看到对接管上的这些突起 21。
为了保证全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管在指定的位置胀裂， 在 对接管的封离端设置限压薄壁， 限压薄壁的厚度是对接管其它部 分玻璃厚度的 1/2〜4/5， 最低可以保证 6个大气压的强度， 这样在 出现密闭空间气压过高时， 会在此限压薄壁处首先胀裂， 破裂玻 璃会留在水箱底部，而露在贮热水箱外的集热管部分还是完整的， 这样就不会造成整台热水器的漏水， 保证热水器的正常使用。
由于全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管的工质量都比较少， 通常会 只在集热管底部有一些， 但在集热管装配成热水器时， 集热管的 底端会插入热水器的支座中， 这样就会有一部分带选择性吸收涂 层的内玻璃管被遮住阳光， 不利于升温加热液体传热工质。 因此， 为了加速全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管的工作响应速度， 可以将内 玻璃管圆顶至罩玻璃管封离端附近 15mm 处的距离为 30mm-120mm, 最好是在 60mm-90mm范围内。
本发明的优点是： 所提出的全玻璃热管式真空太阳集热管的 液体传热工质的量， 保证其安全使用， 所提出的冷凝段的长度范 围， 保证其有良好的换热性能； 对接管上专门设置的限压薄壁， 在使用时限压薄壁位于水箱内部， 薄壁炸裂时集热管照常工作， 因此也保证集热装置可以正常工作， 更不会造成人身伤害； 内玻 璃管外壁上沿轴向有环形支撑件可以提高集热管的结构强度， 保 证其在安装和运输过程中不易损坏；对接管上有一个或多个突起， 可以增加冷凝面积， 快速换热； 缩短内玻璃管长度， 可以让阳光 直接晒到内玻璃管圆顶， 直接加热到液体传热工质， 保证集热管 工作响应速度。
由于全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管是真空集热管与热管一体化 集成， 构成集热与传热的太阳光-热器件。 常规的太阳光-热性能 测试方法中的闷晒太阳辐照量，空晒参数及损耗系数已无法运用。 本领域技术人员对于玻璃内管腔中传热工质的实际工作状态缺乏 认识， 缺乏对比全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管在各种情况下的集热 性能的合理测试方案。 需要探索一种新的热性能测试方法， 以判 别与优选所述全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管在传热工质种类、 工质 量， 冷凝段的长度与不同直径的真空集热管关系。 迄今为止， 现 有技术中尚未公开任何对于全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管的测试方 式或测试数据。
在本发明的测试中，采用罩玻璃管 6的外径为 q>47mm， 内玻 璃管 7 的外径为 <p37mm, 长度 1500mm， 对接管 14 的长度为 120mm, 所形成的密闭空间 15的容积约 1.45升的全玻璃热管真 空太阳集热管。 将所述全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管的冷凝段插入 贮热箱来加热其中的环境温度下的水， 在一定太阳辐照量下， 测 试贮热箱中水升高的温度， 可以确定该全玻璃热管真空太阳集热 管的得热量。
出乎意料的是，在本发明的测试中，太阳辐照量为 8.63 MJ/m2 至 24.1 MJ/m2 (相应于 4至 8小时的晴天日照） 的情况下， 采用 不同液体工质量的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管均未发生玻璃胀裂 现象。 这说明才艮据气态方程换算的估算方法可能不符合管腔中传 热工质的实际工作状态。
在本发明说明书中， 所说的工质量均表示液体传热工质的体 积与全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管密闭空间容积的体积比值。 附图说明 '
图 1是热管集热管的结构示意图。
图 2是专利 CN 1125290C热管集热管 P1-P1位置的剖视结构 示意图。
图 3是本发明的一个实施例的结构示意图。
图 4 是本发明实施例相对得热量与液体传热工质量的关系 图， 横轴的体积比值是液体传热工质的体积与全玻璃热管真空太 阳集热管密闭空间容积的体积比值， 纵轴就是不同体积比值液体 工质量的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管得到的相对得热量数值。
图 5是环形支撑件与罩玻璃管和内玻璃的位置关系结构示意 图。
图 6是带突起的对接管的结构图。 具体实施方式
实施例 1
全玻璃真空太阳集热管的制备
如图 3所示， 5是全玻璃真空太阳集热管， 6是罩玻璃管， 7 是内玻璃管， 8是内玻璃管圆顶， 9是环形封口端， 10是选择性 吸收涂层， 11是内玻璃管圆顶支撑件， 12是环形支撑件， 13是 真空夹层， 14 是对接管， 15 是密闭空间， 16 是限压薄壁， 17 是液体传热工质， 18是对接管的封离嘴， 19是罩玻璃管的封离嘴， 20是罩玻璃管封离端附近外径（pl5mm处。 按如下步驟制备全玻 璃真空太阳集热管： 首先是在内玻璃管 7—端做出圆顶 8， 再在 内玻璃管 7表面溅射选择性吸收涂层 10， 将环形支撑件 12套在 内玻璃管 7的合适位置并将内玻璃管 7插入已装内玻璃管圆顶支 撑件 11的、 带有排气嘴的罩玻璃管 6内， 由内玻璃管圆顶支撑件 11固定内玻璃管圆顶 8， 再将罩玻璃管 6和内玻璃管 7的另一端 进行环形封接， 得到环形封口端 9， 这时就基本制成全玻璃真空 太阳集热管 5, 然后将带有排气嘴的对接管 14与环形封口端 9熔 封在一起， 此时罩玻璃管 6与对接管 14都有一个排气嘴， 用真空 系统抽气，当罩玻璃管 6与内玻璃管 7之间的真空夹层 13达到要 求的真空度时， 就将罩玻璃管的排气嘴封离， 由内玻璃管 7与对 接管 14之间形成的密闭空间 15的真空度达到要求后， 先充入液 体传热工质， 然后将对接管 14的排气嘴封离， 经过退火获得具有 下列规格的所述全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管： 相应于全玻璃真空 太阳集热管 5型号 φ37/φ47-1500,即罩玻璃管 6的外径为（p47mm, 内玻璃管 7的外径为 <p37mm, 长度 1500mm, 对接管 14的长度 为 120mm, 所形成的密闭空间 15的容积约 1.45升。
实施例 2
水作为传热工质， 对比不同工质量下全玻璃热管真空太阳集 热管的热性能
选用实施例 1制备的全玻璃真空太阳集热管， 其中以纯水作 为液体传热工质。 基于液体传热工质的体积与全玻璃热管真空太 阳集热管密闭空间容积的体积比值， 在热管真空集热管中分别预 置 0.03%, 0.08%, 0.095%、 0.14% 0.17%、 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.55%, 0.67%、 0.8%、 2%> 3%、 10%的水。 分别用这些集热管加热贮 热箱中 1.45升环境温度下的水， 在太阳辐照量累积为 6.9 MJ/m2 的条件下， 将得热量最高的一种作为基数 1, 其它液体传热工质 数量的集热管的得热量与它相比， 如图 4所示的散点图获得相对 得热量。 通过图 4 可以看出趋势， 在液体传热工质体积比为 0.08%-1%这一范围内， 相对得热量都比较高。
实施例 3 30%丙二醇水溶液作为传热工盾， 对比不同工盾量下全玻璃 热管真空太阳集热管的热性能
利用与实施例 2相同的测试方法， 对采用 30%丙二醇水溶液 制成的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管进行了优选， 发现这 溶液具 有与水相同的得热性能。 但由于丙二醇水溶液的抗冻性能更好， 因此选用 0.08%-1%工质量的丙二醇水溶液制成的全玻璃热管真 空太阳集热管性能是同样优选的。
实施例 4
乙醇作为传热工质， 对比不同工质量下全玻璃热管真空太阳 集热管的热性能
利用与实施例 2相同的测试方法， 对乙醇制成的全玻璃热管 真空太阳集热管进行了优选。 当工质量体积比为 1 %时， 具有较 佳的得热性能， 而且乙醇水溶液的抗冻性能更好和较低的气化温 度。
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000011_0002
实施例 5
冷凝段长度的确定
为了确定冷凝段的长度， 即对接管的长度， 选择了传热工质 量为 0.55%的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 冷凝段的长度分别选 取 40mm、 60mm, 90mm, 120mm, 150mm, 180mm, 200mm, 300mm, 这也是通常热水器贮热水箱内直径许可的尺寸。 这些冷 凝段长度不同的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管用与上述相同的测试 方法， 得到最佳换热长度范围在 90mm-180mm 内， 冷凝段过长 或过短都会造成换热不利，影响集热管的得热量， 而且如果过长， 一是装配时困难， 另外冷凝段的温度也上不去， 液体传热工质气 化带来的热量已在冷凝段底部消耗。 另外也用其它工质量体积比 进行了类似的实验， 得到的结果基本相同， 在这里就不再赘述。

Claims

1. 一种全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 包括全玻璃真,空太阳集 热管、 对接管、 密闭空间和液体传热工质， 所述全玻璃真空太阳 集热管包括罩玻璃管、 内玻璃管、 环形封口端、 选择性吸收涂层、 内玻璃管圆顶支撑件、 真空夹层， 并形成蒸发段， 对接管形成冷 凝段， 其特征在于， 液体传热工质的体积占所述的密闭空间的容 积的体积比为 0.03% ~ 10% , 所述的对接管的长度为 40mm ~ 300mm。
2. 按照权利要求 1所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 其特 征在于， 传热工质是 0 ~ 30%的丙二醇水溶液。
3. 按照权利要求 1所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 其特 征在于， 所述液体传热工质是乙醇水溶液。
4. 按照权利要求 1所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 其特 征在于， 所述液体传热工质的体积占所述的密闭空间容积的体积 比为大于等于 0.03%, 小于 0.1%。
5. 按照权利要求 1所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 其特 征在于， 所述液体传热工质的体积占所述的密闭空间容积的体积 比为 0.2%-0.67%。
6. 按照权利要求 1所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 其特 征在于， 所述液体传热工质的体积占所述的密闭空间容积的体积 比为大于 0.5%， 小于等于 10%。
7. 按照权利要求 1、2或 3所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 其特征在于， 所述液体传热工质体积占所述的密闭空间容积的体 积为 0.08%— 1%, 对接管的长度为 80mm ~ 180mm。
8. 按照权利要求 1、2或 3所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 其特征在于， 所述对接管有一个或一个以上突起以增大冷凝段的 表面积。
9. 按照权利要求 1、2或 3所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 其特征在于， 所述内玻璃管圆顶至罩玻璃管封离端附近外径 15mm处的距离为 30mm-120mm, 优选为 60min-90mm。
10. 按照权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热 管， 其特征在于， 所述全玻璃真空太阳集热管的内玻璃管外壁上 沿轴向有一个或一个以上环形支撑件。
11. 按照权利要求 10所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 其 特征在于， 所述环形支撑件为一个时， 其沿轴向居中。
12. 按照权利要求 10所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 其 特征在于， 所述多个环形支撑件沿轴向均勾分布。
13. 按照权利要求 10所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热管， 其 特征在于， 所述环形支撑件距全玻璃真空太阳集热管的环形封口 端 20-100mm。
14. 按照权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的全玻璃热管真空太阳集热 管， 其特征在于， 所述对接管设有限压薄壁， 限压薄壁的厚度是 对接管其它部分玻璃厚度的 1/2〜4/5。
PCT/CN2005/000668 2004-05-13 2005-05-13 Glass vacuum heat pipe type solar heat collection pipe Ceased WO2005111516A1 (en)

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CN2004200509367U CN2720342Y (zh) 2004-05-13 2004-05-13 一种全玻璃热管式真空太阳集热管
CN2005100073272A CN1815102B (zh) 2005-02-06 2005-02-06 一种全玻璃热管式真空太阳集热管
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CN101762053B (zh) * 2008-10-27 2015-03-11 北京环能海臣科技有限公司 内置装饰反光镜片的玻璃真空集蓄热管
CN101762047B (zh) * 2008-10-27 2015-03-11 北京环能海臣科技有限公司 一种设有聚光透镜的玻璃真空集蓄热管
CN101762043B (zh) * 2008-10-27 2015-03-11 北京环能海臣科技有限公司 一种玻璃真空集蓄热管
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CN113405266A (zh) * 2021-07-12 2021-09-17 杨会荣 一种全玻璃真空中高温集热管
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US8827498B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2014-09-09 Osram Sylvania Inc. LED light source having glass heat pipe with fiberglass wick
CN101871864B (zh) * 2009-04-21 2012-07-25 北京清华阳光能源开发有限责任公司 全玻璃热管式真空太阳集热管抗爆性在线检测方法及装置
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CN101762050B (zh) * 2008-10-27 2013-12-11 淄博环能海臣环保技术服务有限公司 一种内置光伏电池组件的全玻璃热管真空集热管
CN101762053B (zh) * 2008-10-27 2015-03-11 北京环能海臣科技有限公司 内置装饰反光镜片的玻璃真空集蓄热管
CN101762047B (zh) * 2008-10-27 2015-03-11 北京环能海臣科技有限公司 一种设有聚光透镜的玻璃真空集蓄热管
CN101762043B (zh) * 2008-10-27 2015-03-11 北京环能海臣科技有限公司 一种玻璃真空集蓄热管
CN105953441A (zh) * 2016-05-27 2016-09-21 黑龙江聚拢华玺智能科技有限公司 一种高强度高热效率的太阳能热水器集热管
CN111156719A (zh) * 2020-01-16 2020-05-15 河北道荣新能源科技有限公司 太阳能集热管的双管对接结构与方法
CN111156718A (zh) * 2020-01-16 2020-05-15 河北道荣新能源科技有限公司 一种定向爆破式全玻璃真空集热管及制作方法
CN111156718B (zh) * 2020-01-16 2024-03-08 河北道荣新能源科技有限公司 一种定向爆破式全玻璃真空集热管及制作方法
CN111156719B (zh) * 2020-01-16 2024-04-23 河北道荣新能源科技有限公司 太阳能集热管的双管对接结构与方法
CN113405266A (zh) * 2021-07-12 2021-09-17 杨会荣 一种全玻璃真空中高温集热管
CN113758027A (zh) * 2021-09-03 2021-12-07 中国科学院电工研究所 直通式太阳真空集热管热损与真空性能一体测量装置及测量方法
CN113758027B (zh) * 2021-09-03 2023-06-06 中国科学院电工研究所 直通式太阳真空集热管热损与真空性能一体测量装置及测量方法

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