WO2005113209A1 - Procédé d'élaboration de réacteurs membranaires catalytiques céramiques par co-extrusion - Google Patents
Procédé d'élaboration de réacteurs membranaires catalytiques céramiques par co-extrusion Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005113209A1 WO2005113209A1 PCT/FR2005/050297 FR2005050297W WO2005113209A1 WO 2005113209 A1 WO2005113209 A1 WO 2005113209A1 FR 2005050297 W FR2005050297 W FR 2005050297W WO 2005113209 A1 WO2005113209 A1 WO 2005113209A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0041—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
- B01D67/00411—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state by sintering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
- B01D69/087—Details relating to the spinning process
- B01D69/088—Co-extrusion; Co-spinning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1212—Coextruded layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/024—Oxides
- B01D71/0271—Perovskites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
- B28B3/26—Extrusion dies
- B28B3/2636—Extrusion dies using means for co-extruding different materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
- B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/15—Use of additives
- B01D2323/18—Pore-control agents or pore formers
Definitions
- the invention relates to the manufacture of catalytic membrane reactors involving electrochemical reactions in the solid state.
- a catalytic membrane reactor (or CMR) involving electrochemical reactions in the solid state must have the following properties: It must be capable of catalyzing the chemical reaction for which it was designed; It must have ionic, electronic or mixed conduction properties, in order to allow the electrochemical transformations required by the reaction in question; It must be stable under the operating conditions implemented.
- the reactor consists of at least one porous support (S) which ensures the solidity of the system while allowing the transfer of the gas towards the dense membrane (M) supported on the porous support (S), of a phase, called active in the form of a dense membrane (M), mixed electronic conductor and O 2 " anion and a catalytic phase (C) in the form of either a porous layer deposited on the surface of the phase ( M), either of catalysts in various geometric forms such as barrels or spheres, or a combination of the two.
- S porous support
- M dense membrane
- C mixed electronic conductor and O 2 " anion and a catalytic phase
- the shaping of such a reactor poses a certain number of problems among which are, the cohesion and the interface between layers, support (S), active phase (M) and catalyst (C).
- Co-extrusion of ceramic materials has several aspects. the following co-extrusion processes must be distinguished: - Those which allow the reduction of patterns of ceramic structures, such as for example the process described in international application WO 02/096647 which relates to the manufacture of multilayer structures such as capacitors by co-extrusion of a compacted stack of ceramic layers (or sheets) comprising thermoplastic binders; - Those which correspond to the extrusion of ceramic materials on a support, such as for example the method described in international application WO 01/53068 which relates to the manufacture of composites such as long fibers coated with a ceramic material which are obtained by extruding a thermoplastic ceramic paste onto a fiber; and - Those which correspond to the simultaneous extrusion of several ceramic materials.
- the cylinders are shaped by co-extrusion of aqueous pastes containing as a binder a cellulose derivative, MHPC, using a laboratory assembly, a multi-piston extruder mounted on a mechanical testing machine.
- Each co-extruded layer is fed by two pistons.
- the design of the equipment is such that the diameters of the pistons are equal, the air gaps of the different layers in the die are identical.
- the piston displacement speeds, transmitted by the mechanical testing machine are identical. Consequently, this equipment, given its design, only allows the development of layers having the same section, that is to say as a first approximation, layers which have similar thicknesses.
- the cylinders produced have an inner diameter of 9.6 mm, an inner layer with a thickness of 1.2 mm and an outer layer with a thickness of 1.0 mm.
- the industrial applications targeted by the authors are those for which the inside and outside of a tube are subjected to different environments which may, for example, be inside the tube, a corrosive and / or high temperature environment, and for the outside of the tube, an environment which requires properties of ductility, resistance to thermal and mechanical shock.
- Liang and Blackburn published an article entitled: "Design and characterization of a co-extruder to produce trilayer ceramic tubes semi-continuously" (J. Eur. Ceram.
- the cylinders produced from alumina pastes or colored clay pastes and using this arrangement have an outside diameter of 6 mm, and the different layers are characterized by an irregular thickness of the order of 800 ⁇ m. ; no particular application is mentioned in this article.
- European patent application EP 1 228 803 discloses the shaping of support structures / catalytic membrane with a non-tubular cylindrical support. None of the methods described, however, being entirely satisfactory for the preparation of membrane reactors intended for the preparation of synthesis gas which correspond to tubular structures constituted by at least one porous material and by at least one dense material whose thicknesses differ from one to two orders of magnitude, the inventors have sought to develop a process which does not have the drawbacks mentioned above.
- step (a) of co-extrusion is carried out by means of a device composed of three essential elements: two extruders and a co-extrusion die.
- the extruders allow the pressure necessary for said process to be printed on each of the Ps and P M pastes. In the process as defined above, the extrusion pressures are less than or equal to 500 ⁇ 10 5 Pa (500 bars).
- the extruders can be either piston extruders (mechanical piston) or screw extruders.
- the co-extrusion process allows the production of concentric profiles formed at least by two layers. They can be cylindrical tubes or tubes of other shapes, for example of elliptical shape or tubes whose support is multichannel, for example of hollow brick type.
- step (a) of co-extrusion is generally carried out at a temperature between 5 ° C. and 200 ° C. It is preferably carried out at room temperature.
- the drying step (b) is carried out by controlling the evaporation of the solvent contained in the extrudate in order to avoid the appearance of cracks. It can possibly be carried out if necessary in an enclosure at controlled temperature and hygrometry. Removal of the solvent can be carried out by lyophilization which comprises a very low temperature cooling step followed by a sublimation step.
- the debinding step (c) is the process step during which the organic additives are eliminated. This step is critical because it should not cause degradation of the structure.
- debinding methods can be used: - debinding by heat treatment in air or in a controlled atmosphere, and at different pressures, the temperature ramps must be low (typically from 0.1 ° C / min to 1 ° C / min); - debinding by catalytic degradation; - debinding by extraction with supercritical fluid.
- step (d) of cofitting is a heat treatment which allows the consolidation and densification of the ceramic skeletons.
- This heat treatment operation is generally carried out at temperatures between 800 ° C and 2100 ° C, preferably between 900 and 1500 ° C, optionally under sweeping of a controlled atmosphere of gas whether it is a reducing atmosphere , oxidizing or neutral, or optionally under vacuum.
- the thickness es of the layer of the support material (S) is greater than or equal to 500 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 10,000 ⁇ m; it is preferably between 1,000 ⁇ m and 5,000 ⁇ m.
- the thickness e M of the layer of active material (M) is greater than or equal to 10 ⁇ m and less or equal to 500 ⁇ m; it is preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m.
- the process as defined above is particularly suitable for the preparation of cylindrical tubes with internal diameters between 5 mm and 100 mm and more particularly between 7 mm and 50 mm.
- the layer of material (M) has a porosity rate (P M ) less than 8% by volume and, more particularly less than or equal to 5% by volume.
- the layer of support material (S) has a porosity rate greater than or equal to 20% by volume and less than or equal to 80% by volume, and more particularly greater than or equal to 30% by volume and less than or equal to 60% by volume.
- porosity rate is meant the total porosity rate of the materials (M) and (S).
- the total porosity rate corresponds to the sum of the volumes of open porosity and closed porosity. It corresponds to the ratio of the actual density of the material and the theoretical density of the material.
- step (a) is carried out by means of an assembly consisting essentially of the association: (a) - of a co-extrusion die (7) able to develop two-layer coaxial profiles along an x axis, comprising a die body (1), a front flange (6), a separator (8) able to keep insulated from each other inside from the sector (7), the dough flows (Ps) and (P M ); a mandrel (2) capable of distributing the dough (P M ) inside the body (1) of the die (7); a punch (9) integral with a punch-carrying star (4), capable of receiving within it the flow of dough (Ps); a collar (3) suitable for being connected to the extruder (E M ) and by which the dough (P M ) flows towards the inside of the body (1) of the die (7); a collar (5) capable of being connected to the extruder (Es) and through which the dough (Ps) flows towards the inside of the body
- an extruder capable of extruding the paste P M , comprising: - a double-walled body (24), - a cylindrical extension (25) capable of allowing the pressure and temperature of the material flowing in said body (24), - a mechanical system composed of a housing (27), a drawer (26) and a sealing ring (28) which allows, depending on the position of said drawer (26), either to deaerate the paste the paste P M , or to pre-compress the paste P M , or to extrude the paste P M , - a yoke (23) capable of guiding a piston (29) and on which is attached a vacuum outlet, - an integral mechanical assembly capable of transmitting a translational movement to the piston (29) composed of a stop box (21) supporting a hollow shaft (22) driven by a reduction motor, which contains a push screw (40) whose rotation is blocked by a key (41) and on which a limit
- This separator (8) has a triple function: In addition to its function of separating the pasta flows, it also acts as a die for the support dough, and as a punch for the dough of active material; - said separator (8), mandrel (2), punch (9), punch holder star (4) and collar (5) of the die (7), are co-axial along the axis (x), - l the axis (y) of said collar (3) is perpendicular to the axis (x).
- the tube is shaped by a calibration device which is an integral part of the die (7). The length of this calibration device varies from a few millimeters to a few centimeters.
- the co-extrudate formed in step (a) undergoes a step (a "), of cutting into unitary tubular elements (Ti) and more particularly into elements (Ti) Of identical shape and dimensions.
- this comprises a prior step (an) of preparation of the dough (Ps).
- aqueous, thermoplastic pastes or formulations with organometallic precursors it is possible to use aqueous formulations which lead to lower volume fractions of organic matter. Aqueous formulations which lead to lower volume fractions of organic matter are preferred, unlike thermoplastic formulations (organic volume fraction> 30% by volume), and which therefore conduct at a less problematic debinding step (c).
- the dough (Ps) is an aqueous dough, it more particularly comprises, for a 100% pulp olume: (i) - from 28% to 50% by volume of a powder of material (S) or of a mixture of powders of materials capable of being transformed into material (S) during the one or the other of steps (b).
- the dough (Ps) is a thermoplastic dough, it more particularly comprises, for a dough volume of 100%: (i) - from 28% to 50% by volume of a powder of material (S) or of a mixture powders of materials capable of being transformed into material (S) during one or other of the steps (b).
- synthetic polymer powders such as, for example, polyamide powders sold under the name Orgasol TM, poly (methylmethacrylate) powders, powders of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), powders of micronized waxes in polypropylene, powders of natural polymers such as for example starches of corn, wheat, potatoes or rice or of sawdust or different crushed barks) .
- the powders used are characterized by a regular morphology, a relatively spherical particle shape (form factor close to 1) or an elongated shape (fiber, wafer) (high form factor).
- thermoplastic binders polyethylene or polypropylene .
- plasticizer possibly used in the process as defined above, more particularly those which lower the glass transition temperature of the binder used are chosen; in general, a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PM ⁇ 1000), a polyethylene oxide (PEO) or a phthalate such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is chosen.
- lubricant capable of reducing both internal friction (ie between the powder particles) and external friction (ie between the extrusion paste and the tool), which is used in the process as defined above, there are for example fatty amines such as Rhodameen TM CS20, glycerol, fatty acids such as oleic acid, stearic acid or mineral oils such as petrolatum oils.
- organic solvents such as by polar solvents such as alkanols having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol , butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol or tert-butanol or non-polar solvents such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane or tetrachloromethane.
- polar solvents such as alkanols having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol , butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol or tert-butanol or non-polar solvents such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane or tetrachloromethane.
- aqueous solvents such as hydroalcoholic solutions of methanol or ethanol; according to a preferred mode of the process as defined above, the solvent is water.
- the dough such as by
- the porosity is obtained by using mixtures of powder of material (S) or of materials capable of being transformed into material (S) or alternatively mixtures of powders of organometallic precursors comprising particles of different sizes ranging from a few microns of diameter to a few tens of microns.
- the porosity is then obtained by stacking.
- it comprises a prior step (a'n) for preparing the dough (P M ).
- aqueous doughs can be used , thermoplastics or formulations with organometallic precursors.
- the paste (P M ) is an aqueous paste, it more particularly comprises, for a volume of paste of 100%: (i) - from 40% to 70% by volume of a powder of active material (M) or a mixture of powders of materials capable of being transformed into active material (M) during one or other of the steps (b).
- the dough (P M ) is a thermoplastic dough, it more particularly comprises, for a dough volume of 100%: (i) - from 40% to 70% by volume of a powder of active material (M) or of a mixture of powders of materials capable of being transformed into active material (M) during one or the other steps (b). (c) or (d) of the process; (ii) - from 0.5% to 8% by volume of at least one dispersing agent; (iii) - from 15% to 50% by volume of at least one organic binder; (iv) - from 0% to 5% by volume of at least one plasticizing agent; (v) - from 1% to 15% by volume of at least one lubricating agent.
- the paste (P M ) is a paste with organometallic precursors, it more particularly comprises, for a paste volume of 100%: (i) - from 90% to 100% by volume of a mixture of organometallic precursors capable of being transformed in active material (M) during one or other of the steps (b). (c) or (d) of the process; (ii) - from 0% to 5% by volume of at least one plasticizing agent; (iii) - from 0% to 5% by volume of at least one lubricating agent.
- dispersing agent optionally used in the process as defined above, there is more particularly phospholan TM PE169 (ethoxylated phosphoric ester) or LOMAR TM (naphthalene sulfonate).
- an organic binder capable of ensuring the bridging between the particles used in the process as defined above, there are for example polymers derived from cellulose such as hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or methyl celluloses, scleroglucan, xanthan or guar derivatives.
- HEC hydroxyethyl cellulose
- methyl celluloses scleroglucan
- xanthan guar derivatives
- plasticizer possibly used in the process as defined above, more particularly those which lower the glass transition temperature of the binder used are chosen; in general, a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PM ⁇ 1000), a polyethylene oxide (PEO) or a phthalate such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is chosen.
- PM ⁇ 1000 low molecular weight polyethylene glycol
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- DBP dibutyl phthalate
- lubricant capable of reducing both internal friction (ie between the powder particles) and external friction (ie between the extrusion paste and the tool), which is used in the process as defined above, there are for example fatty amines such as Rhodameen TM CS20, glycerol, fatty acids such as oleic acid, stearic acid or mineral oils such as petrolatum oils.
- organic solvents such as by polar solvents such as alkanols comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol or tert-butanol or non-polar solvents such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane or tetrachloromethane .
- polar solvents such as alkanols comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol or tert-butanol or non-polar solvents such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane or tetrachloromethane .
- aqueous solvents such as hydroalcoholic solutions of methanol or ethanol; according to a preferred mode, the solvent is water.
- the active material (M) used generally comprises: - from 75% by volume to 100% by volume, more particularly at least 85% by volume and very particularly at least 95% by volume d '' a mixed electronic conductive compound and oxygen O 2 " anions (Ci) chosen from doped ceramic oxides which, at the temperature of use, are in the form of a crystal lattice having vacancies in oxide ions and more particularly under form of cubic phase, fluorite phase, perovskite phase, aurivillius type, brown - millerite phase or pyrochlore phase, and - from 0% by volume to 25% by volume, more particularly up to 10% by volume and especially up to 5% by volume of a compound (C 2 ), different or not from the families of the compound (Ci).
- anions (Ci) chosen from doped ceramic oxides which, at the temperature of use, are in the form of a crystal lattice having vacancies in oxide ions and more particularly under form of cubic phase, fluorite phase, perovskite phase, a
- (C 2 ) is differentiated by a different chemical formulation.
- material (C 2 ) different from material (Ci) will be chosen from ceramic materials of oxide type, ceramic materials of non-oxide type, metals, metal alloys or mixtures of these different types of materials and, - from 0% by volume to 2.5% by volume, more particularly up to 1.5% and very particularly up to 0.5% by volume of a compound (C 3 ) produced d '' at least one chemical reaction represented by the equation: equation in which Fci, Fc 2 and Fc 3 , represent the respective raw formulas of the compounds (Ci), (C 2 ) and (C 3 ) and x, y and z represent rational numbers> 0.
- (C 2 ) is chosen, or else from oxide type materials and preferably from magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), aluminum oxide ( Al 2 O 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), mixed oxides of strontium and aluminum SrAl 2 O 4 or Sr 3 Al 2 O 6 , oxide mixed barium and titanium (BaTiO 3 ) mixed calcium and titanium oxide (CaTiO 3 ), La 0> 5 Sr 0j5 Fe 0> 9 O 3- ⁇ or La 0> 6 Sr 0> 4 Fe 0> 9 Ga 0j ⁇ O 3- ⁇ or else among materials of non-oxide type and preferably among silicon carbide (SiC), boron nitride (BN), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) or rhodium (Rh) .
- magnesium oxide MgO
- CaO calcium oxide
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- ZrO 2 zircon
- (Ci) is chosen from doped ceramic oxides of formula (I): in which: R a represents at least one trivalent or tetravalent atom mainly chosen from bismuth (Bi), cerium (Ce), zirconium (Zr), thorium (Th), gallium (Ga) or hafiiium ( Hf), a and b are such that the structure R a O b is electrically neutral, R ⁇ represents at least one divalent or trivalent atom chosen mainly from magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), gadolinium (Gd), scandium (Se), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), samarium (Sm), erbium (Er), indium (In) , niobium (Nb) or lanthanum (La), c and d are such that the structure R c O d is electrically neutral
- the material (Ci) used is more particularly chosen from stabilized zirconia of formula (la): (ZrO 2 ) 1-x (Y 2 O 3 ) x , (la), in which x is between 0.05 and 0.15. or among the stabilized cerines of formula (a): (CeO 2 ) 1-x (Gd 2 O 3 ) x , (a), in which x is between 0.05 and 0.15.
- (Ci) is chosen from perovskite oxides of formula (II): [Ma 1-XU Ma ' x Ma " u ] [Mb 1-yv Mb' y Mb ⁇ ] O 3-w (II) in which, - Ma represents an atom chosen from scandium, yurium or from the families of lanthanides, actinides or alkaline earth metals; - Ma 'different from Ma, represents a chosen atom among scandium, yttrium or in the families of lanthanides, actinides or alkaline earth metals; - Ma "different from Ma and Ma ', represents an atom chosen from aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga ), indium (In), thallium (Tl) or in the family of alkaline earth metals; - Mb represents an atom chosen from transition metals; - Mb 'different from Mb, represents an atom chosen from transition metals, aluminum (Al),
- (Ci) is more particularly chosen either from the compounds of formula (Ha): La 1-XU ) Ma ' x Ma " u Mb (ly-v) Mb' y Mb” v O 3 - ⁇ (Ha), corresponding to formula (II), in which Ma represents a lanthanum atom, that is to say among the compounds of formula (Ilb): Ma ( ⁇ -XU) Sr x Ma " u Mb (1. y .
- (Ci) is chosen from the oxides of formula (III): [Mc 2-X Mc ' x ] [Md 2-y Md' y ] O 6-w (III ) in which : Me represents an atom chosen from scandium, yttrium or from the families of lanthanides, actinides or alkaline earth metals; Me 'different from Me, represents an atom chosen from scandium, yttrium or from the families of lanthanides, actinides or alkaline earth metals; Md represents an atom chosen from transition metals; and Md 'different from Md represents an atom chosen from transition metals, aluminum (Al), indium (In),
- the subject of the invention is also a process as defined above, in which the active material (M) used comprises 100% by volume, of mixed electronic conductive compound and of oxygen O 2 " anions (Ci).
- the support material (S) used is chosen or else from oxide type materials such as oxides of boron, aluminum, gallium, silicon, titanium, zirconium, zinc, magnesium or calcium, preferably from magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), cerine (CeO 2 ), mixed oxides of strontium and aluminum SrAl 2 O 4 or Sr 3 Al 2 O 6 , mixed barium oxide and titanium (BaTiO 3), mixed calcium and titanium oxide (CaTiO 3), aluminum silicates and / or magnesium as mullite (2SiO 2 .3Al 2 O 3) or cordierite (M g 2 Al 4 Si 5 O ⁇
- the support material (S) used can be of the same chemical nature as the material (M) constituting the dense membrane, According to a fifteenth particular aspect of the process as defined above, the support material (S) used can be of the same crystal structure as the material (M) constituting the dense membrane.
- an extruder capable of extruding the paste P M , comprising: - a double-walled body (24), - a cylindrical extension (25) capable of allowing pressure and temperature of the material flowing in said body (24), - a mechanical system composed of a housing (27), a drawer (26) and a sealing ring (28) which allows, depending on the position of said drawer (26), either to deaerate the paste the paste P M , or to pre-compress the paste P M , or to extrude the paste P M , - a yoke (23) capable of guiding a piston (29) and on which is attached a vacuum outlet, - an integral mechanical assembly capable of transmitting a translational movement to the piston (29) composed of a stop box (21) supporting a hollow shaft (22) driven by a reduction motor, which contains a push screw (40) whose rotation is blocked by a key (41) and on which a limit switch
- This separator (8) has a triple function: In addition to its function of separating the pasta flows, it also acts as a die for the support dough, and as a punch for the dough of active material; - said separator (8), mandrel (2), punch (9), punch holder star (4) and collar (5) of the die (7), are co-axial along the axis (x), - l the axis (y) of said collar (3) is perpendicular to the axis (x).
- the tube is shaped by a calibration device which is an integral part of the die (7). The length of this calibration device varies from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Such a device is illustrated by FIGS.
- the subject of the invention is a process for preparing a membrane catalytic reactor, characterized in that it comprises a step of applying a reforming catalyst to the external face of the material (M) the supported tubular ceramic membrane obtained directly by the process as defined above.
- a reactor can then be used for the reforming reaction of methane to synthesis gas according to the chemical reaction: CH 4 + 1/2 O 2 ⁇ 2 H 2 + CO, possibly with the intervention of water molecules, reaction which takes place at a temperature between 600 ° C and 1100 ° C. Preferably between 650 ° C and 1000 ° C.
- the application of a reforming catalyst is not necessary when the support S itself has catalytic properties, in particular when it is doped with noble metals such as platinum, palladium or rhodium or with transition metals such as nickel or iron.
- the co-extrusion process which is the subject of this patent application can also be used for any system consisting of a porous ceramic support and a dense ceramic membrane for the production and / or separation of gases. Mention may be made of the use of this technique for preparing ceramic oxygen generators (COG: Cera-mic Oxygen Generator) or solid fuel cells (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) or ceramic membranes for the separation and / or production of hydrogen gas mixture containing it.
- a paste (Ps) and a paste (P M ) made of the same material are prepared.
- Extrusion conditions extrudate speed: 5 cm / min Drying cycle - debinding - sintering in air: - drying at room temperature 20 ° C, - debinding in air, ramp 24 ° C / h from T ⁇ to 600 ° C, step from lh to 600 ° C, - air sintering, ramp from 300 ° C / h up to 1250 ° C, step from 2h to 1250 ° C.
- Example 2 A paste (Ps) and a paste (P M ) made of two different materials are prepared. Composition of the support paste (Ps):
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05759825A EP1899126A1 (fr) | 2004-05-12 | 2005-05-03 | Procede d'elaboration de reacteurs membranaires catalytiques ceramiques par co-extrusion |
| JP2007512301A JP2007537065A (ja) | 2004-05-12 | 2005-05-03 | 共押出によるセラミック触媒膜反応器を製造するための方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0405124 | 2004-05-12 | ||
| FR0405124A FR2870161B1 (fr) | 2004-05-12 | 2004-05-12 | Procede d'elaboration de reacteurs membranaires catalytiques ceramiques par co-extrusion |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005113209A1 true WO2005113209A1 (fr) | 2005-12-01 |
Family
ID=34945579
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2005/050297 Ceased WO2005113209A1 (fr) | 2004-05-12 | 2005-05-03 | Procédé d'élaboration de réacteurs membranaires catalytiques céramiques par co-extrusion |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050253312A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1899126A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2007537065A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1953855A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2870161B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2005113209A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008064391A1 (fr) | 2006-11-29 | 2008-06-05 | Steri-Flow Filtration Systems (Aust) Pty Ltd | Appareil et procédé de production de membranes poreuses |
| JP6905380B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-11 | 2021-07-21 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | ゼオライト押出成型体の製造方法 |
| CN107224881A (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-03 | 福建猛狮新能源科技有限公司 | 一种耐高温聚苯硫醚中空纤维膜及其制备方法 |
| DE102017220781B4 (de) * | 2017-11-21 | 2019-09-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Abstandshaltern für eine Wicklungseinheit und Wicklungseinheit |
| CN108000835B (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-10-11 | 安徽环瑞电热器材有限公司 | 一种多层共挤装置及其使用方法 |
| CN108911779A (zh) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-11-30 | 南京膜材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | 一种挤出成型低温制备多孔碳化硅陶瓷管的方法 |
| EP3860754A4 (fr) * | 2018-10-02 | 2022-06-15 | President and Fellows of Harvard College | Couche barrière hydrophobe pour systèmes de refroidissement par évaporation indirecte en céramique |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4717326A (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1988-01-05 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Extrusion molding equipment for multi-layer parison |
| EP0852967A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-12 | 1998-07-15 | Ichimura, Fukuyo | Catalyseurs céramiques pour le réformage des combustibles fluides et méthode pour les produire |
| WO2001053068A2 (fr) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-07-26 | Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc. | Procedes de coextrusion continue de composes, appareils destines a la coextrusion et compositions de preparation de composes |
| US20020145226A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-10-10 | Michael Hesse | Core/jacket catalyst molding |
| EP1262468A1 (fr) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-04 | General Electric Company | Procédé de fabrication de composites céramiques infiltrés par une fusion sous utilisation d'un appui formé |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5217754A (en) * | 1987-07-27 | 1993-06-08 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Organometallic precursors in conjunction with rapid thermal annealing for synthesis of thin film ceramics |
| FR2820055B1 (fr) * | 2001-01-26 | 2003-03-21 | Air Liquide | Structures-microstructures de membrane ceramique conducteurs par ions oxyde pour la production d'oxygene sous pression elevee |
-
2004
- 2004-05-12 FR FR0405124A patent/FR2870161B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-05-03 EP EP05759825A patent/EP1899126A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-03 JP JP2007512301A patent/JP2007537065A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-03 WO PCT/FR2005/050297 patent/WO2005113209A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2005-05-03 CN CNA2005800153627A patent/CN1953855A/zh active Pending
- 2005-05-12 US US11/128,047 patent/US20050253312A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4717326A (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1988-01-05 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Extrusion molding equipment for multi-layer parison |
| EP0852967A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-12 | 1998-07-15 | Ichimura, Fukuyo | Catalyseurs céramiques pour le réformage des combustibles fluides et méthode pour les produire |
| WO2001053068A2 (fr) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-07-26 | Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc. | Procedes de coextrusion continue de composes, appareils destines a la coextrusion et compositions de preparation de composes |
| US20020145226A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-10-10 | Michael Hesse | Core/jacket catalyst molding |
| EP1262468A1 (fr) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-04 | General Electric Company | Procédé de fabrication de composites céramiques infiltrés par une fusion sous utilisation d'un appui formé |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2007537065A (ja) | 2007-12-20 |
| FR2870161B1 (fr) | 2006-06-30 |
| EP1899126A1 (fr) | 2008-03-19 |
| CN1953855A (zh) | 2007-04-25 |
| FR2870161A1 (fr) | 2005-11-18 |
| US20050253312A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
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