WO2006025421A1 - 精子膜タンパク質obfの利用 - Google Patents
精子膜タンパク質obfの利用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006025421A1 WO2006025421A1 PCT/JP2005/015847 JP2005015847W WO2006025421A1 WO 2006025421 A1 WO2006025421 A1 WO 2006025421A1 JP 2005015847 W JP2005015847 W JP 2005015847W WO 2006025421 A1 WO2006025421 A1 WO 2006025421A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- protein
- obf
- dna
- sperm
- antibody
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/689—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to pregnancy or the gonads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
- A01K67/0276—Knock-out vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0006—Contraceptive vaccins; Vaccines against sex hormones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/16—Masculine contraceptives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/18—Feminine contraceptives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/8509—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/07—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination
- A01K2217/075—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination inducing loss of function, i.e. knock out
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2799/00—Uses of viruses
- C12N2799/02—Uses of viruses as vector
- C12N2799/021—Uses of viruses as vector for the expression of a heterologous nucleic acid
- C12N2799/027—Uses of viruses as vector for the expression of a heterologous nucleic acid where the vector is derived from a retrovirus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/36—Gynecology or obstetrics
- G01N2800/367—Infertility, e.g. sperm disorder, ovulatory dysfunction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
- Y10T436/142222—Hetero-O [e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.]
- Y10T436/143333—Saccharide [e.g., DNA, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
- Y10T436/145555—Hetero-N
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sperm membrane protein OBF (Oocyte binding / lusion factor) and a method for using an antibody against OBF.
- OBF sperm membrane protein
- sperm membrane protein OBF Oocyte binding / lusion factor
- Non-Patent Document 1 Miyado, K. et al., Science (2000) 287, 321-324
- Non-Patent Document 2 Capacitation related changes in antigen distribution on mouse sperm heads and its relation to fertilization rate in vitro. J. Reproductive Immunology, 11, 91-100 (1987)
- Non-Patent Document 3 Effect of monoclonal anti-mouse sperm antibody (OBF13) on the inter action of mouse sperm with zona— free mouse and hamster eggs.
- OPF13 monoclonal anti-mouse sperm antibody
- Patent Document 4 An anti-mouse sperm monoclonal antibody (OBF13) and its inhibitory activity on fertilization. Japanese Journal of Infertility 33, 473-478 (1988)
- Non-Patent Document 5 OBF13 J. Reproductive. Immunology. 16, 71-82 (1989)
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object of the present invention is to clarify a fusion factor on the sperm side, to provide the factor, an antibody against the factor, and a method for using them. It is in. More specifically, an antibody against the factor, a contraceptive containing the antibody, a contraceptive vaccine using the factor, use of an OBF protein or a fragment thereof as a factor related to the binding or fusion of sperm and ovum, the factor An object of the present invention is to provide a non-human animal in which the function of a gene encoding the gene is suppressed, a method for screening a contraceptive using the factor, a method for testing infertility using the factor as an index, a test agent, and the like.
- the present inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problems.
- a unique monoclonal antibody that specifically reacts only with sperm after the acrosome reaction was obtained, and the antigen (OBF) recognized by this antibody was identified.
- OBF antigen
- mouse sperm treated with the same antibody the ability to bind and transfect the ovum was normal, but the ability to fuse with the subsequent ovum was inhibited depending on the antibody treatment concentration.
- OBF gene knockout mouse was prepared and analyzed. As a result, it was found that OBF gene knockout male mice are infertile, and sperm of OBF knockout mice can bind to mouse ova but have no fusion ability at all.
- OBF knockout mice In experiments using hamster eggs that can be fused with various animal species, it was found that the sperm of OBF knockout mice binds to hamster eggs but cannot be fused at all. In addition, from experiments using human OBF polyclonal antibodies, it became clear that human sperm did not fuse or even bind to hamster naked eggs. From these results, it was found that OBF is an essential molecule for binding or fusion with eggs during fertilization across animal species. OB Fertility in mice lacking F could be restored by expressing OBF as a transgene. In other words, infertility with such causes may be treated with OBF genes or protein supplements. In addition, the protein referred to as OBF in the present specification is referred to as Izu mo in other literatures (for example, Nature 434, 234-238 (2005)).
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [17].
- a protein comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, inserted, and Z or added in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, or 6, No .:
- a protein comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, inserted, and Z or added in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, or 6
- a contraceptive vaccine containing the protein or fragment thereof according to [2] as an active ingredient containing the protein or fragment thereof according to [2] as an active ingredient.
- a screening method for a contraceptive candidate compound comprising the following steps (a) to (c):
- a screening method for a contraceptive candidate compound comprising the following steps (a) to (c):
- a screening method for a contraceptive candidate compound comprising the following steps (a) to (c):
- a screening method for a contraceptive candidate compound comprising the following steps (a) to (d):
- a method for screening a contraceptive candidate compound comprising the following steps (a) to (c):
- a screening method for a contraceptive candidate compound comprising the following steps (a) to (c):
- [12] A non-human animal cell in which the function of the gene encoding the protein according to [2] is artificially suppressed.
- a screening method for a candidate compound for a fertility drug comprising the following steps (a) to (c):
- [14] A method for examining infertility, comprising a step of measuring the expression level of a gene encoding the protein according to [2].
- [15] A method for examining infertility, comprising a step of detecting a mutation in a gene region encoding the protein according to [2].
- test agent for use in the method according to [14], comprising an antibody having the protein or fragment thereof according to [2] as an antigen.
- FIG. 1 Photographs of fluorescent immunostaining before and after acrosome reaction of sperm using OBF13 antibody. The top force is also in order: 1. Fresh sperm, 2. Freeze-thawed and increased membrane permeability, 3. Acrosome reaction under culture, 4. Acrosome reaction under culture.
- FIG. 2 A photograph and a graph showing the results of a fertilization inhibition experiment using naked eggs incorporating hexist 33342.
- FIG. 3A is a photograph showing a result of a wet stamp lot by two-dimensional electrophoresis of mouse sperm using an OBF13 monoclonal antibody.
- FIG. 3B is a view showing the primary structure of the identified OBF13 antigen.
- the underline indicates the signal sequence
- the box indicates the immunoglobulin-like domain
- the dotted line indicates the transmembrane region.
- a disulfide bond is expected between the cysteine at residue 182 and the cysteine at residue 233.
- FIG. 3C is a photograph showing the results of Western blotting of each tissue using a polyclonal antibody against mouse OBF.
- FIG. 3D shows the primary structure of the OBF protein.
- FIG. 4 (A) shows the structure of a targeting vector in which the 0BF gene is replaced with a neomycin resistance gene.
- FIG. 5 is a graph of the average number of offspring of OBF knockout male and female mice.
- B is a graph showing the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF) of OBF knockout sperm.
- IVF in vitro fertilization
- C is a graph showing the result of fusion analysis of OBF knockout sperm with ovum.
- D Photographs showing the results of in vitro fertilization and fusion analysis using OBF knockout sperm and CD9 knockout ovum.
- FIG. 6 A photograph showing the results of fusion analysis of mouse OBF ⁇ / ⁇ sperm and hamster naked eggs.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph showing that fertilization ability is restored in a mouse in which the OBF gene cDNA sequence is incorporated into an OBF knockout mouse.
- the present invention relates to an antibody having an activity that inhibits the binding or fusion between sperm and ovum, the antibody using as an antigen the sperm membrane protein OBF or a fragment thereof essential for the binding or fusion between sperm and ovum (Except OBF13 antibody).
- the present invention also provides a contraceptive containing an antibody containing OBF or a fragment thereof as an antigen (including an OBF13 antibody) as an active ingredient, and a contraceptive vaccine containing OBF or a fragment thereof as an active ingredient.
- the OBF antigen of the present invention includes a protein encoded by a DNA containing the base sequence described in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, and 5 or a fragment thereof, and any of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, and 6 A protein or fragment thereof comprising the amino acid sequence described in any one of the above, an amino acid sequence described in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, and 6, wherein one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, inserted, and Z or added.
- protein containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6 is a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6 And a fusion protein comprising a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, and 6.
- amino acid sequence according to any one of the above “SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 6” includes an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, inserted, and Z or added.
- Protein includes a protein comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, inserted and Z or added in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, or 6, and the protein Fusion proteins containing Substitutions, deletions, insertions, and Z or supplements occur in nature, and the number of substitutions, deletions, insertions, and Zs or additions is usually within 30 amino acids, preferably It is within 15 amino acids, more preferably within 5 amino acids (for example, within 3 amino acids), and even more preferably within 2 amino acids.
- proteins and peptides to be fused with the protein of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as the fusion protein is a functionally equivalent protein of the protein of the present invention.
- Other peptides that are subjected to fusion with the protein of the present invention include, for example, FLA G (Hopp, TP et al., BioTechnology (1988) 6, 1204- 1210), and 6 His (histidine) residues.
- FLA G Hopp, TP et al., BioTechnology (1988) 6, 1204- 1210
- 6 His histidine residues.
- Known peptides such as 6 X His and 10 X His can be used.
- Examples of other proteins that are subjected to fusion with the protein of the present invention include GST (Dalthione S transferase).
- “functionally equivalent” means the target protein strength.
- Whether the target protein has the same properties as the protein having the amino acid sequence ability described in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, or 6 is determined by, for example, obtaining an antibody against the target protein. Antibody binds or fuses sperm and egg Judgment can be made based on the ability to inhibit.
- a protein functionally equivalent to the protein having the amino acid sequence ability described in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, and 6 is a protein functionally equivalent to the protein having the amino acid sequence ability described in any of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, and 6. It has the same or similar structural features as the protein. Structural features include, for example, a signal sequence, an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular region, a single Ig-like (Immunoglobulin-like) domain in the extracellular region, and The N-linked glycosylation sequence is present in the Ig-like domain.
- Hybridization conditions for isolating DNA encoding a protein functionally equivalent to the OBF protein can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- conditions for high pre-dialysis include low stringency conditions.
- the low stringent conditions are, for example, 42 ° C, 5 X SSC, 0.1% SDS, and preferably 50 ° C, 5 X SSC, 0.1% SDS in the post-hybridization washing. It is a condition.
- More preferable hybridization conditions include highly stringent conditions.
- High stringent conditions are, for example, conditions of 65 ° C, 0.1 X SSC, and 0.1% SDS. Under these conditions, it can be expected that DNA having high homology can be efficiently obtained as the temperature is increased.
- multiple factors such as temperature and salt concentration can be considered as factors that affect the stringency of a hybridization, and those skilled in the art can select a similar stringency by appropriately selecting these factors. It is possible to realize.
- a protein functionally equivalent to the OBF protein encoded by the DNA isolated by the hybridization technique or gene amplification technique usually has a high homology in the amino acid sequence with the OBF protein.
- High homology is usually at least 50% identity, preferably 75% identity, more preferably 85%, with respect to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, or 6.
- the above identity more preferably 95% identity or more.
- the identity of amino acid sequences and base sequences is the same as that of Karlin and Altschul. It can be determined by the Gorythm BLAST (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5873-5877, 1993). Based on this algorithm, programs called BLASTN and BLASTX have been developed (Altschul et al. J. Mol.
- antigen fragment of the present invention examples include, but are not limited to, an Ig-like domain (for example, amino acids 167 to 253 of mouse OBF).
- the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can recognize the OBF protein and inhibit the binding or fusion between sperm and ovum, and may be a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody.
- mouse antibodies, rat antibodies, rabbit antibodies, Hedge antibodies, camel antibodies, chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, human antibodies, and the like can be used as appropriate for the antibodies of the present invention.
- a low molecular weight antibody etc. can also be used as an antibody of this invention.
- Polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- a monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma can be prepared as follows using known techniques. That is, a desired antigen or a cell that expresses the desired antigen is used as a sensitizing antigen, and this is immunized according to a normal immunization method, and the resulting immune cell is combined with a known parent cell by a normal cell fusion method. It can be prepared by fusing and screening monoclonal antibody-producing cells (neubridoma) by conventional screening methods.
- mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, hidges, monkeys and the like can be used.
- the antigen can be prepared according to a known method, for example, a method using baculovirus (W098 / 46777 etc.).
- baculovirus W098 / 46777 etc.
- a gp64 transgenic mouse can be used as an immune animal (Japanese Patent Application No. 2 002-180351, Japanese Patent Application 2002-164834).
- Hypridoma can be produced, for example, according to the method of Milstein et al. (Kohler. G. and Milstein, C, Methods Enzymol. (1981) 73: 3-46).
- immunization may be performed by binding to an immunogenic macromolecule such as albumin.
- a recombinant antibody produced by using gene recombination techniques can be used, in which an antibody gene is cloned into a high-pridoma force, incorporated into an appropriate vector, introduced into a host, and the like.
- an antibody gene is cloned into a high-pridoma force, incorporated into an appropriate vector, introduced into a host, and the like.
- a recombinant antibody produced by using gene recombination techniques
- an antibody gene is cloned into a high-pridoma force, incorporated into an appropriate vector, introduced into a host, and the like.
- V region variable region
- DNA encoding the V region of the target antibody is obtained, it is ligated with DNA encoding the desired antibody constant region (C region) and incorporated into an expression vector.
- DNA encoding the V region of the antibody may be incorporated into an expression vector containing DNA of the antibody C region. It is incorporated into the expression vector so that it is expressed under the control of an expression control region such as an enhancer or promoter.
- host cells can be transformed with this expression vector to express antibodies.
- a genetically modified antibody such as a chimeric antibody or a humanized antibody, which has been artificially modified for the purpose of reducing the heterologous antigenicity to humans, etc.
- modified antibodies can be produced using known methods.
- a chimeric antibody is an antibody comprising a heavy chain and a light chain variable region of a mouse antibody other than a human, for example, a mouse antibody heavy chain and a light chain constant region, and encodes a mouse antibody variable region. It can be obtained by ligating DNA with DNA encoding the constant region of a human antibody, incorporating it into an expression vector, introducing it into a host and producing it.
- a humanized antibody is also called a reshaped human antibody, and a complementarity determining region (CDR) of a mammal other than a human, for example, a mouse antibody, is used as the complementarity determining region of a human antibody. It is transplanted and its general genetic recombination technique is also known. Specifically, the DNA sequence designed to link the CDR region of the mouse antibody and the framework region (FR) of the human antibody overlaps the terminal region. It synthesize
- the obtained DNA is ligated with DNA encoding the constant region of a human antibody, and then incorporated into an expression vector and introduced into a host for production (European Patent Application Publication No. EP 239400, International Patent application publication number WO 96/02576).
- the FRs of human antibodies ligated via CDR are selected such that the complementarity determining region forms a good antigen binding site. If necessary, the amino acid in the framework region of the variable region of the antibody may be substituted so that the complementarity determining region of the reshaped human antibody forms an appropriate antigen-binding site (Sato, Ketal, Cancer Res. (1993) 53, 851—856).
- human lymphocytes are sensitized with a desired antigen or cells expressing the desired antigen in vitro, and the sensitized lymphocytes are fused with human myeloma cells such as U266, and the desired human antibody having activity to bind to the antigen.
- a desired human antibody can be obtained by immunizing a transgenic animal having all repertoires of human antibody genes with a desired antigen (International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO 93/12227, WO 92/03918, WO 94/02602, WO 94/25585, WO 96/34096, WO 96/33735).
- variable region of a human antibody can be expressed as a single chain antibody (scFv) on the surface of the phage by the phage display method, and a phage that binds to the antigen can be selected.
- scFv single chain antibody
- the DNA sequence encoding the variable region of the human antibody that binds to the antigen can be determined. If the DNA sequence of scFv that binds to the antigen is clarified, an appropriate expression vector can be prepared from the sequence to obtain a human antibody.
- an antibody gene is once isolated and introduced into an appropriate host to produce an antibody
- a combination of an appropriate host and an expression vector can be used.
- animal cells include (1) mammalian cells such as CHO, COS, myeloma, BHK (baby hamster kidney), HeLa, Vero, (2) amphibian cells such as Xenopus oocytes, or (3 ) Insect cells such as sl9, sf21, and Tn5 are known.
- Known plant cells include cells derived from the genus Nicotiana (eg, Nicotiana tabacum), which may be cultured in callus.
- fungal cells examples include yeasts such as the genus Saccharomyces, such as Saccharomyces ser evisiae, and filamentous fungi such as the genus Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger. ing.
- yeasts such as the genus Saccharomyces, such as Saccharomyces ser evisiae
- filamentous fungi such as the genus Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger.
- prokaryotic cells there are production systems that use bacterial cells.
- bacteria cells Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis are known.
- An antibody can be obtained by introducing a desired antibody gene into these cells by transformation and culturing the transformed cells in vitro.
- the antibody may be a low molecular weight antibody as long as it binds to the OBF protein and inhibits the function of the OBF protein.
- the low molecular weight antibody is not particularly limited as long as it includes an antibody fragment in which a part of a full-length antibody (such as whole IgG, for example) is deleted and has an ability to bind to an antigen.
- the antibody fragment of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a part of a full-length antibody, but preferably contains a heavy chain variable region (VH) or Z and a light chain variable region (VL).
- VH heavy chain variable region
- VL light chain variable region
- the amino acid sequence of VH or VL may be substituted, deleted, added and Z or inserted.
- variable region may be chimerized or humanized.
- Specific examples of the antibody fragment include Fab, Fab ′, F (ab ′) 2, and Fv.
- Specific examples of the low molecular weight antibody include, for example, Fab, Fab ′, F (ab ′) 2, Fv, scFv (single chain Fv), Diabody, sc (Fv) 2 (single chain (Fv) 2).
- the "Fv” fragment is the smallest antibody fragment, and contains a complete antigen recognition site and a binding site.
- An “Fv” fragment is a dimer (VH-VL dimer) in which one VH and VL are strongly linked by non-covalent bonds.
- the three complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of each variable region interact to form an antigen-binding site on the surface of the VH-VL dimer.
- Six CDRs confer antigen binding sites on the antibody.
- one variable region or half of an Fv containing only three CDRs specific to the antigen
- scFv contains the VH and VL of an antibody, and these regions are in a single polypeptide chain.
- Fv further contains a peptide linker between VH and VL, which allows scFv to form the structure necessary for antigen binding (for a review of scFv, see Pluckthun The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies JVol.113 (see Rosenburg and Moore ed (Springer Verlag, New York) pp.269-315, 1994)).
- the linker in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the expression of the antibody variable region linked to both ends of the linker! ,.
- the DNA encoding scFv is a DNA encoding the H chain or H chain V region of the antibody, and a DNA encoding the L chain or L chain V region.
- a DNA portion encoding a desired amino acid sequence is made into a saddle shape, amplified by PCR using a primer pair that defines both ends, and then further DNA that encodes a peptide linker portion, and both ends are H chain, L It is obtained by combining and amplifying primer pairs that are defined so as to be linked to a strand.
- an expression vector containing them and a host transformed with the expression vector can be obtained according to a conventional method, and the host should be used.
- scF V can be obtained according to a conventional method.
- Diabody refers to a bivalent antibody fragment constructed by gene fusion (Holliger
- a diabody is a dimer composed of two polypeptide chains, and each polypeptide chain is usually short enough to prevent VL and VH forces from binding to each other in the same chain, for example, a linker of about 5 residues. Are combined. Since VL and VH encoded on the same polypeptide chain cannot form a single-chain variable region fragment because the linker between them is short, Diabody forms two antigen-binding sites. Will have.
- sc (Fv) 2 is a low molecular weight antibody in which two VHs and two VLs are combined with a linker etc. to form a single chain (Hudson et al, J Immunol. Methods 1999; 231: 177 -189).
- sc (Fv) 2 can be prepared by linking scFv with a linker.
- the order of the two VHs and the two VLs is not particularly limited and can be arranged in any order.
- any peptide linker that can be introduced by genetic engineering, or a synthetic compound linker see, for example, Protein Engineering, 9 (3), 299-305, 1996) 1 can be used.
- the length of the peptide linker is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the purpose. Usually, it is 1 to 100 amino acids, preferably 3 to 50 amino acids, more preferably 5 to 30 amino acids. Particularly preferred is 12 to 18 amino acids (for example, 15 amino acids). However, the length and sequence of the peptide linker can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the purpose.
- Synthetic chemical linkers are commonly used for cross-linking peptides such as N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), bismuth. (Sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS 3 ), dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate) (DSP), dithiopis (sulfosuccinimidyl propionate) (DTSSP), ethylene glycol Bis (succinimidyl succinate) (EGS), ethylene glycol bis (sulfosuccinimidyl succinate) (sulfo EGS), disuccinimidyl tartrate (DST), disulfosuccinimidyl tartrate (Sulfo-DST), bis [2- (succinimidoxycarboxyl) ethyl] sulfone (BSOCOES), bis [2- (sulfosuccinimidoc
- a modified antibody an antibody conjugated with various molecules such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) can also be used. It is also possible to bind a radioisotope, a chemotherapeutic agent, a cytotoxic substance such as a bacterial-derived toxin to the antibody. Such a modified antibody can be obtained by chemically modifying the obtained antibody. Antibody modification methods have already been established in this field!
- the antibody used in the present invention may be a bispecific antibody.
- a bispecific antibody may be a bispecific antibody having an antigen binding site that recognizes different epitopes on the OBF protein molecule, and one antigen binding site recognizes the OBF protein and the other antigen binding site.
- the site may recognize cytotoxic substances such as radioactive substances, chemotherapeutic agents, and cell-derived toxins!
- Bispecific antibodies bind HL pairs of two antibodies It is also possible to produce a bispecific antibody-producing fused cell by fusing a hybridoma that produces different monoclonal antibodies and hybridoma. Furthermore, bispecific antibodies can be produced by genetic engineering techniques.
- an antibody having a modified sugar chain it is also possible to use an antibody having a modified sugar chain.
- Antibody sugar chain modification techniques are already known (for example, WO00 / 61739, WO02 / 31140, etc.). These antibodies are also included in the “antibody” in the present invention.
- the antibody expressed and produced as described above can be purified by a known method used in normal protein purification.
- antibodies can be separated and purified by appropriately selecting and combining affinity columns such as protein A columns, chromatography columns, filters, ultrafiltration, salting out, dialysis, etc. (Ant3 ⁇ 4odies A Laboratory Manual. Ed Harlow, David Lane, Cola Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1988).
- a known means can be used to measure the antigen binding activity of an antibody (Antibodies A Laboratory Manual. Ed Harlow, David Lane, Old Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1988).
- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EIA enzyme immunoassay
- RIA radioimmunoassay
- fluorescent immunoassay can be used.
- Whether or not a specific molecule binds to an OBF protein can be measured by a known method.
- Known methods include, for example, immunoprecipitation, West Western blotting, ELISA, EIA, RIA, fluorescence immunization, and a method using a biosensor utilizing the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon.
- the antibody of the present invention can be used as a contraceptive.
- the subject to which the antibody is administered is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include humans, pets, livestock, outdoor animals, and birds.
- the contraceptive of the present invention is capable of being administered either orally or parenterally, preferably parenterally, and specifically includes injection, nasal administration, pulmonary administration, trans Examples include a skin administration type and a vaginal administration type.
- Examples of the injection form can be administered systemically or locally by, for example, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, and the like.
- the administration method can be appropriately selected depending on the age and symptoms of the patient.
- the dosage can be selected, for example, within the range of O.OOOlmg to lOOOmg per kg body weight. Alternatively, for example, the dose may be in the range of 0.001 to 100,000 mg / body per patient. You can choose.
- the antibody of the present invention when used as a contraceptive, it can be formulated by methods known to those skilled in the art.
- a contraceptive containing the antibody of the present invention used for such a therapeutic purpose is formulated by mixing with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle, etc. inert to them as necessary. be able to.
- a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for example, sterilized water, physiological saline, stabilizers, excipients, antioxidants (ascorbic acid, etc.), buffers (phosphoric acid, citrate, other organic acids, etc.), preservatives, surface active agents ( PEG, Tween, etc.), chelating agents (EDTA, etc.), binders and the like.
- low molecular weight polypeptides proteins such as serum albumin, gelatin and immunoglobulin, amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine and lysine, saccharides and carbohydrates such as polysaccharides and monosaccharides, mannitol, It may contain a sugar alcohol such as sorbitol.
- a sugar alcohol such as sorbitol.
- isotonic solutions containing physiological saline, glucose and other adjuvants such as D-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-manntol, and sodium chloride sodium salt.
- a suitable solubilizer such as alcohol (ethanol, etc.), polyalcohol (propylene glycol, PEG, etc.), nonionic surfactant (polysorbate 80, HCO-50) and the like.
- the present invention provides a contraceptive vaccine containing an OBF antigen (OBF or a fragment thereof) as an active ingredient.
- OBF antigen in the contraceptive vaccine of the present invention can be prepared not only as a natural protein but also as a recombinant protein using a known genetic recombination technique.
- the OBF antigen in the contraceptive vaccine of the present invention can also be prepared in a state expressed in cells.
- the biological species derived from the OBF antigen in the contraceptive vaccine of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the species to which the contraceptive vaccine is administered.
- a natural protein can be prepared by a method using affinity chromatography using an antibody against OBF protein, for example, for an extract of tissues such as testis and sperm where OBF protein is expressed. It is.
- a recombinant protein can be prepared by those skilled in the art, for example, as an OBF protein or a fragment thereof by a known method.
- the OBF protein or a fragment thereof is obtained by incorporating DNA encoding the OBF protein into an appropriate expression vector. Transformants obtained by introducing these into appropriate host cells are recovered, and an extract is obtained. Then, chromatography such as ion exchange, reverse phase, gel filtration, or an antibody against OBF protein is immobilized on the column. It can be purified and prepared by applying affinity chromatography or by combining several of these columns.
- OBF protein when expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase protein, or as OBF protein to which multiple histidines are added, it is expressed in a host cell (eg, animal cell or E. coli). Alternatively, the expressed OBF protein can be purified using a dartathione column or a nickel column. In order to prepare a fusion protein, for example, DNA encoding OBF protein and DNA encoding other protein or peptide are ligated in the same frame and introduced into the expression vector. It can be expressed.
- Escherichia coli when Escherichia coli is used as a host, the vector is amplified in Escherichia coli in order to amplify it in large quantities using Escherichia coli (for example, JM109, DH5a, HB101, XLlBlue) and the like. If you have an “ori” for selection and have a selection gene for transformed E. coli (for example, a drug resistance gene that can be discriminated by any drug (ampicillin, tetracycline, kanamycin, chloramphe-chol)) There are no particular restrictions
- vectors examples include M13 vectors, pUC vectors, pBR322, pBluescript, pCR-Script, and the like.
- pGEM-T for the purpose of cDNA subcloning and excision, in addition to the above-mentioned vectors, for example, pGEM-T, pDIRECT, pT7 and the like can be mentioned.
- An expression vector is particularly useful when a vector is used for the purpose of producing an OBF protein.
- the host may be E. coli such as JM109, DH5 «, HB101, XLl-Blue.
- a promoter that can be efficiently expressed in E. coli such as the lacZ promoter (Ward et al., Nature (1989) 341, 544-546; FASEB J. (1992) 6, 2422-2427), araB promoter ( Better et al., Science (1988) 240, 1041-1043), or having a T7 promoter or the like is essential.
- the lacZ promoter Ward et al., Nature (1989) 341, 544-546; FASEB J. (1992) 6, 2422-2427
- araB promoter Better et al., Science (1988) 240, 1041-1043
- T7 promoter or the like is essential.
- PGEX-5X-1 manufactured by Falumasia
- QIAex press system
- pEGFP or pET.
- the vector also includes a signal sequence for protein secretion!
- the pelB signal sequence (Lei, S. P. et al J. Bacteriol. (1987) 169, 4379) may be used when it is produced in the periplasm of E. coli.
- Introduction of the vector into the host cell can be carried out using, for example, the calcium chloride method or the electrovolatility method.
- vectors for producing OBF protein include mammalian-derived expression vectors (for example, pcDNA3 (manufactured by Invitrogen)) and pEGF-BOS (Nucleic Acids. Res. 1990).
- mammalian-derived expression vectors for example, pcDNA3 (manufactured by Invitrogen)
- pEGF-BOS Nucleic Acids. Res. 1990.
- insect cell-derived expression vector for example, “Bac-to- BAC baculovairus expression system” (manufactured by Gibco BRL), pBacP AK8), plant-derived expression vector (For example, ⁇ 1, pMH2), animal virus-derived expression vectors (for example, pHSV, pMV, pAdexLcw), retrovirus-derived expression vectors (for example, pZIPneo), yeast-derived expression vectors (for example, “Pichia Expression Kit” ( Invitrogen), pNVll, SP-Q01), Bacillus subtilis-derived expression vectors (eg, pPL608, pK 50) and the like.
- insect cell-derived expression vector for example, “Bac-to- BAC baculovairus expression system” (manufactured by Gibco BRL), pBacP AK8), plant-derived expression vector (For example, ⁇ 1, pMH2), animal virus-derived expression vectors (for example, pH
- promoters required for expression in cells such as SV40 promoter (Mulligan et al., Nature (1979) 277 108), MMLV-LTR promoter, EF1 ⁇ promoter (Mizushima et al., Nucleic Acids Res. (1990) 18, 5322), CMV promoter, etc. are essential, and are selected for transformation into cells. It is more preferable to have a gene for this purpose (for example, a drug resistance gene that can be discriminated by a drug (neomycin, G418, etc.)). Examples of such a vector include pMAM, pDR2, pBK-RSV, pBK-CMV, pOPRSV, and pOP13.
- Examples of a system for producing a protein in vivo include a production system using animals and a production system using plants. DNA that encodes OBF protein is introduced into this animal or plant, and OBF protein is produced and collected in the body of the animal or plant.
- mammals and insects there are production systems using mammals and insects.
- a mammal Can be used for goats, pigs, hidges, mice, tusks (Vicki Glaser, SPECTRUM Biotechnology Applications, 1993).
- a transgenic animal can be used.
- DNA encoding OBF protein is prepared as a fusion gene with a gene encoding a protein inherently produced in milk such as goat ⁇ -casein.
- the DNA fragment containing this fusion gene is injected into a goat embryo and the embryo is transferred to a female goat.
- An OBF protein can be obtained from milk produced by a transgene goat born or a descendant of a goat that has received the embryo. Hormones may be used in transgenes as appropriate to increase milk production, including the proteins produced by transgeneenca (Ebert, KM et al., Bio / Technology). (1994) 12, 699-702).
- a silkworm can be used as an insect.
- OBF proteins can be obtained from body fluids of silkworms by infecting silkworms with baculovirus inserted with DNA encoding OBF protein (Susumu, M. et al., Nature ( 1985) 315, 592-594).
- tobacco when plants are used, for example, tobacco can be used.
- DNA encoding OBF protein is introduced into a plant expression vector such as pMON530, and this vector is introduced into a bacterium such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
- the bacteria can be infected with tobacco, for example Nicotiana tabacum, and OBF protein can be obtained from the leaves of this tobacco (Julian K.-C. Ma et al., Eur. J. Immunol (1994) 24, 131-138).
- the OBF protein thus obtained can be isolated from the inside of the host cell or outside the cell (eg, a medium) and purified as a substantially pure and homogeneous protein.
- the separation and purification of the protein is not limited in any way as long as the separation and purification methods used in normal protein purification are used. For example, chromatography column, filter, ultrafiltration, salting out, solvent precipitation, solvent extraction, distillation, immunoprecipitation, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, dialysis, recrystallization, etc. When combined, proteins can be separated and purified.
- an appropriate protein-modifying enzyme is used before or after purification of the OBF protein of the present invention. By allowing them to act, the peptide can be arbitrarily modified or the peptide can be partially removed.
- the protein modifying enzyme include trypsin, chymotrypsin, lysyl endopeptidase, protein kinase, darcosidase and the like.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may be added to the vaccine preparation of the present invention.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier means a pharmaceutically acceptable material that is different from an antigen (or immunogenicity) and can be administered together with an antigen in vaccine administration.
- the power that can be exemplified by vaccine additives such as adjuvants, preservatives, and stabilizers is not limited thereto.
- adjuvants aluminum phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, MF59, etc. can be used as adjuvants approved for human vaccines, but are not limited thereto.
- the ability to use about 0.2% of gelatin dextran, 0.1-1.0% sodium glutamate, or about 5% lactose or about 2% sorbitol is limited to these. Is not to be done.
- As preservatives, about 0.01% thimerosal, about 0.1% betapropionolaton, and about 0.5% phenoxyethanol can be used, but are not limited thereto.
- a pH adjusting agent, a buffer, a stabilizer, a preservative and the like are added, and a subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injection is prepared by a conventional method.
- the injection may be a solid preparation or a preparation prepared at the time of use by lyophilization after storing the solution in a container.
- One dose may be stored in a container, or a dose may be stored in the same container.
- inoculation method of the vaccine of the present invention various known methods can be used.
- examples of the inoculation method include subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, nasal inoculation, oral inoculation, transdermal inoculation, and vaginal inoculation.
- the appropriate vaccination method is determined in consideration of the type of vaccine antigen, dosage form, antibody expression time, antibody duration, age of the person to be vaccinated, etc. Inoculation methods are finalized through expert clinical trials, and these methods are well known to those skilled in the art. A product for single inoculation or a product for multiple inoculations may be used. The dose varies depending on the weight and age of the patient, the administration method, etc., but those skilled in the art can appropriately select an appropriate dose. [0062]
- the OBF protein of the present invention or a fragment thereof can be used as a factor related to the binding or fusion of sperm and egg.
- an OBF protein or a fragment thereof can be added to the sperm of an infertile male caused by OBF deficiency or dysfunction to restore fertility.
- OBF protein or a fragment thereof can be administered directly into the vagina to competitively inhibit the binding of OBF protein on sperm and OBF protein-binding molecule on egg and induce contraceptive action.
- test compound used in the screening method of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- natural compounds, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, proteins, antibodies, peptides, etc. single compounds, compound libraries, genes
- libraries include library expression products, antibody libraries, cell extracts, cell culture supernatants, fermented microorganism products, marine organism extracts, plant extracts, and the like.
- the first aspect of the screening method of the present invention relates to screening for compounds that bind to OBF protein or a fragment thereof.
- a test compound is brought into contact with the OBF protein or a fragment thereof.
- the binding between the OBF protein or a fragment thereof and the test compound is detected.
- a test compound that binds to the OBF protein or a fragment thereof is selected.
- the isolated compound can become a candidate contraceptive compound. It can also be used as a test compound in the screening method described below.
- a method for screening a protein that binds to OBF protein many methods known to those skilled in the art can be used. Such screening can be performed, for example, by immunoprecipitation. Specifically, this can be done as follows. By inserting DNA encoding OBF protein into an exogenous gene expression vector such as pSV2neo, pcDNA I, or pCD8, the gene can be expressed in animal cells.
- the promoter used for expression is SV40 early promoter (Rigby In Williamson (ed.), Genetic Engineering, Vol. 3. Academic Press, London, p. 83-141 (1982)), EF-1 promoter (Kim et al.
- the fusion protein having the monoclonal antibody recognition site becomes a manifestation of specificity.
- OBF protein can be expressed.
- Epitopes to be used-commercially available antibody systems can be used (Experimental Medicine 13, 85-90 (1995)).
- a vector capable of expressing a fusion protein with 13 galactosidase, maltose-binding protein, dartathione S-transferase, green fluorescent protein (GFP), etc. via a multicloning site is commercially available.
- poly-histidine His-tag
- influenza Enza agglutinin HA human c-myc
- FLAG Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein
- T7 gene 10 protein T7-tag
- HS V-tag human herpes simplex virus glycoprotein
- Epitopes such as E-tag (epitopes on monoclonal phages) and monoclonal antibodies that recognize them can be used as epitobu antibody systems for screening for proteins that bind to OBF protein (Experimental Medicine 13, 85-90 (1995). )).
- these antibodies are added to a cell lysate prepared using an appropriate surfactant to form an immune complex.
- This immune complex also becomes an OBF protein, a protein capable of binding to it, and an antibody.
- An antibody against OBF protein can be obtained by, for example, introducing DNA encoding OBF protein into an appropriate E. coli expression vector, expressing it in E. coli, and purifying the expressed protein. It can be prepared by immunizing moths and birds. It can also be prepared by immunizing the above animal with the synthesized partial peptide of OBF protein.
- the immune complex can be precipitated using Protein A Sepharose or Protein G Sepharose.
- the OBF protein is prepared, for example, as a fusion protein with an epitope such as GST, a substance that specifically binds to such an epitope such as dartathione-Sepharose 4B is used to produce an OBF protein. Similar to the case of using an antibody, an immune complex can be formed.
- SDS-PAGE is generally used for the analysis of immunoprecipitated proteins.
- a gel with an appropriate concentration it is possible to analyze the proteins that are bound by the molecular weight of the protein.
- the radioactive isotope 35 S-methionine or Detection sensitivity is improved by culturing cells in a medium containing 35 S-cysteine, labeling the proteins in the cells, and detecting them. Can be made.
- the protein of interest can be purified directly from SDS-polyacrylamide gel and its sequence determined.
- a method for isolating a protein that binds to OBF protein or a fragment thereof for example, the method of Skolnik et al. (Skolnik, EY et al. Cell (1991) 65, 83-90) can be used. Can do. That is, a cDNA library using a phage vector (gtll, ZAP, etc.) is prepared from cells and tissues expressing a protein expected to bind to OBF protein or a fragment thereof, and this is expressed on LB-agarose.
- a cDNA library using a phage vector gtll, ZAP, etc.
- a protein or fragment thereof expressed on a filter is immobilized, purified and labeled OBF protein or fragment thereof is reacted with the filter, and a plaque expressing a protein bound to OBF protein or fragment thereof is expressed. If you detect by the label.
- a method for labeling OBF protein or a fragment thereof a method utilizing the binding property of piotin and avidin, specifically binding to OBF protein or a fragment thereof or a protein fused to OBF protein or a fragment thereof (for example, GST).
- a method using an antibody, a method using a radioisotope, a method using fluorescence, and the like are examples of a method using an antibody, a method using a radioisotope, a method using fluorescence, and the like.
- a 2-neubrid system using cells Fields, S., and Sternglanz, R., Trends. Genet. (1994) 10, 286— 292, Dalt on S, and Treisman R (1992) Characterization of SAP- 1, a protein recruited by seru m response factor to the c- fos serum response element.Cell 68, 597-612, MATC HMARKER Two-Hybrid System , “Mammalian MATCHMAKER Two-Hybrid Assay Kit J, TMATCHMAKER One-Hybrid System J (all manufactured by Clontech),“ HybriZAP Two-Hybrid Vector System ”(manufactured by Stratagene)).
- the OBF protein or a fragment thereof is fused with the SRF DNA binding region or the GAL4 DNA binding region and expressed in yeast cells.
- a cDNA library that is expressed in a form fused with the VP16 or GAL4 transcriptional activity region is prepared and introduced into the yeast cell.
- the library-derived cDNA is isolated from the detected positive clone (if a protein that binds to the OBF protein is expressed in yeast cells, the binding of the two results in the activation of the reporter gene, resulting in a positive clone. Can be confirmed).
- a protein encoding the cDNA force S can be obtained. This makes it possible to prepare a protein that binds to OBF protein or its gene.
- Examples of the reporter gene used in the 2-hybrid system include HIS 3 gene, Ade2 gene, LacZ gene, CAT gene, luciferase gene, PAI-1 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor typel) gene, and the like. However, it is not limited to these. Screening by the two-hybrid method can be performed using mammalian cells in addition to yeast.
- Screening for a compound that binds to the OBF protein or a fragment thereof can also be carried out using affinity chromatography.
- an OBF protein or a fragment thereof is immobilized on a carrier of a utility column, and a test compound that is expected to express a protein that binds to the OBF protein or a fragment thereof is applied thereto.
- test compounds in this case include cell extracts and cell lysates. After applying the test compound, the column can be washed to prepare a protein bound to the OBF protein or a fragment thereof.
- the obtained protein is analyzed for its amino acid sequence, an oligo DNA is synthesized based on the amino acid sequence, and a cDNA library is screened using the DNA as a probe to obtain DNA encoding the protein. be able to.
- a method for isolating a compound that binds to an OBF protein or a fragment thereof, not limited to a protein includes, for example, a synthetic compound, a natural product bank, or a random phage peptide bound to an immobilized OBF protein or a fragment thereof.
- a biosensor using the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon can also be used as a means for detecting or measuring the bound compound.
- Biosensors using the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon can observe the interaction between the OBF protein or a fragment thereof and the test compound in real time as a surface plasmon resonance signal using a small amount of protein and without labeling. Possible (eg from BIAcore, Pharmacia).
- Another embodiment of the screening method of the present invention relates to screening for compounds that reduce the expression level of DNA encoding OBF protein.
- Compounds that reduce the expression level of DNA encoding the OBF protein can be candidates for contraceptives.
- a test compound is brought into contact with a cell having DNA encoding an OBF protein.
- cells having DNA encoding OBF protein include sperm, sperm cells, and muscle cells. Such cells include sperm and sperm cells in mice and sperm, sperm cells and muscle cells in humans.
- contact can be performed, for example, by adding a test compound to a cell culture medium.
- the expression level of the DNA encoding the OBF protein in the cell is then measured and contacted with a test compound, so that a compound that decreases the expression level of the DNA as compared with the case. select.
- the expression level of DNA can be measured by methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the expression level of DNA can be measured by extracting mRNA according to a standard method and performing the Northern hybridization method or RT-PCR method using this mRNA as a cage. It is also possible to measure the expression level of DNA using DNA array technology.
- a fraction containing an OBF protein can be collected according to a conventional method, and the expression level of the OBF protein can be detected by electrophoresis such as SDS-PAGE, thereby measuring the translation level of the gene.
- test compound is administered to a non-human animal having DNA encoding OBF protein.
- a test compound is administered to a non-human animal having DNA encoding OBF protein.
- experimental animals such as mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, guinea pigs, pigs, cats, monkeys, gerbils, hamsters, etc. as non-human animals having DNA encoding OBF protein. It is not a thing.
- Administration of a test compound to a non-human animal can be performed, for example, orally or parenterally, but is not limited thereto.
- the test compound is a protein
- a virus vector having a gene encoding the protein can be constructed, and the gene can be introduced into a non-human animal using its infectivity.
- the expression level of the DNA encoding the OBF protein in the non-human animal is then measured, and the expression level of the DNA is compared with the case where the test compound is administered. Select a compound that reduces.
- the expression level of DNA can be measured by the method described above.
- Screening for compounds that reduce the expression level of the OBF gene can also be performed in a system using a reporter gene.
- a cell or cell extract having DNA with a reporter gene operably linked downstream of the promoter region of the OBF gene is provided.
- operably linked means that the promoter region of the OBF gene and the reporter gene are bound so that expression of the reporter gene is induced by binding of a transcription factor to the promoter region of the OBF gene. It means that Therefore, even when one reporter gene is linked to another gene and forms a fusion protein with another gene product, the fusion protein is bound by the transcription factor binding to the promoter region of the OBF gene. Any expression that induces expression is included in the meaning of “functionally linked”.
- the reporter gene is not particularly limited as long as its expression can be detected.
- a CAT gene a lacZ gene, a luciferase gene, List of dase gene (GUS) and GFP gene be able to.
- GUS List of dase gene
- the test compound is then brought into contact with the cells or the cell extract.
- the expression level of the reporter gene in the cell or the cell extract is measured.
- the expression level of the reporter gene can be measured by methods known to those skilled in the art depending on the type of reporter gene used. For example, when the reporter gene is a CAT gene, the expression level of the reporter gene can be measured by detecting the acetylation of chloramphae-coal by the gene product.
- Reporter gene force In the case of a cZ gene, by detecting the color development of a dye compound by the catalytic action of the gene expression product, and in the case of a luciferase gene, the catalytic action of the gene expression product In the case of the j8-darc mouth-dase gene (GUS), the luminescence of Glucuron (ICN) or 5-bromo- By detecting the coloration of 4-chromium- 3-indolyl- 18-darc mouth-mud (X-Glue) and, in the case of a GFP gene, by detecting fluorescence due to the GFP protein, The expression level of the reporter gene can be measured.
- a compound that reduces the expression level of the reporter gene is then selected as compared with the case where the test compound is not contacted.
- Another aspect of the screening method of the present invention is to first contact a sperm collected from a male animal including a human with a compound selected by one or more combinations of the screening methods described above or below. . Next, the fertility of the sperm is confirmed, and a compound that inhibits fertility is selected. Confirmation of fertility is, for example, whether or not the fertilization is established by contact of the sperm with an unfertilized egg collected from a female animal of the same species, and whether or not the sperm and the hamster naked egg are fused. Can be used as an indicator.
- Collection of animal sperm and unfertilized eggs, contact between sperm and compound, contact between sperm and unfertilized egg, and confirmation of fertilization can be carried out using methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- observe bulging of the sperm head that occurs after fertilization observe the presence or absence of pronuclei formation thereafter using a phase-contrast microscope, or continue culturing and observe cleavage. Can also be done.
- Still another embodiment of the screening method of the present invention is the screening method described above.
- the compound selected by one or more combinations of the administration methods is administered to a non-human male animal.
- the fertilizing ability of the sperm of the non-human male animal is confirmed, and a compound that inhibits the fertilizing ability is selected.
- Confirmation of fertility is, for example, whether or not a non-human male animal to which a compound has been administered and a non-human female animal of the same species can be bred (or whether or not pregnancy can be confirmed) Whether non-human male animals to which the compound has been administered is also fertilized by contact between the collected sperm and an unfertilized egg collected from the same kind of female animal, and the non-human male animal power to which the compound has been administered This can be done using whether the collected sperm and the hamster egg are fused or not.
- the present invention also provides a method for screening a fertility drug using a non-human animal in which the function of the OBF gene is artificially suppressed.
- a method for screening a fertility drug using a non-human animal in which the function of the OBF gene is artificially suppressed As such a method, first, the test compound is administered to the non-human male animal of the present invention. The test compound can be administered to the non-human male animal of the present invention by the method described above. Next, it is determined whether or not the test compound substitutes for the function of the OBF protein, and a compound that substitutes for the function of the OBF protein is selected as compared with the case where the test compound is not administered.
- the ability of the test compound to substitute for the function of the OBF protein can be determined by, for example, whether or not a litter can be obtained by mating the non-human male animal with the same kind of non-human female animal (or whether pregnancy is confirmed). Force that can be produced), non-human female animal of the same species as sperm collected from the non-human male animal, whether fertilization is established by contact with the unfertilized egg collected, or from the genetically modified non-human male animal It is possible to determine whether or not the power of the fusion between the collected sperm and the hamster naked egg is established.
- the present invention also provides a non-human animal in which the function of the OBF gene is artificially suppressed.
- non-human animal can be used as a model non-human animal for infertility for screening the above-mentioned fertility treatment drug.
- the present invention also provides a non-human animal cell in which the function of the OBF gene is artificially suppressed.
- the cells include sperm and sperm cells.
- sperm of a non-human animal in which the function of the OBF gene is artificially suppressed can be a model sperm without fertilization ability.
- the function of the OBF gene is artificially suppressed usually means that a genetic mutation such as nucleotide insertion, deletion, substitution or the like is present in one or both of the OBF gene pair. Refers to a state in which the expression of the gene is suppressed by It is also possible to artificially suppress the function of the OBF gene by a method using a sense DNA, a method using a DNA encoding a ribozyme, a method using RNAi technology, or the like.
- the case where the function as a normal OBF protein is decreased or lost and the mutant OBF protein is expressed is also included in the "suppression of the function of the OBF gene".
- the “suppression” includes not only the case where the expression of the OBF gene is completely suppressed, but also the case where the expression of only one gene of the gene pair of the gene is suppressed.
- the site where the gene mutation is present in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the gene expression is suppressed, and examples thereof include an exon site and a promoter site.
- the biological species from which the animal that is the target of modification of the OBF gene is usually a mammal other than a human, and preferably a rodent such as a mouse, a rat, a mouse, a muster, a rabbit, or a pig. Among them, mice are particularly preferable.
- means for artificially suppressing the function of the OBF gene include a method of deleting the entire OBF gene or a part thereof, a whole or part of the OBF gene expression control region.
- the method of inactivating the OBF gene by inserting a foreign gene into one or both of the OBF gene pair is preferable. That is, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the non-human animal is characterized in that a foreign gene is inserted into one or both of the OBF gene pair.
- the non-human animal of the present invention can be produced by those skilled in the art by generally known genetic engineering techniques.
- a mouse in which the gene function is suppressed can be produced as follows. First, isolate the DNA containing the exon part of the OBF gene with mouse force, insert an appropriate marker gene into this DNA fragment, and construct a targeting vector. This targeting vector is introduced into a mouse ES cell line by means of the electopore method, etc., and a cell line that has undergone homologous recombination is selected.
- the marker to be inserted is preferably an antibiotic resistance gene such as a neomycin resistance gene.
- a cell line that has undergone homologous recombination can be selected simply by culturing in a medium containing the antibiotic.
- a thymidine kinase gene or the like is bound to a targeting vector. It is also possible to leave. This can eliminate cell lines that have undergone non-homologous recombination.
- homologous recombinants can be assayed by PCR and Southern blotting to efficiently obtain a cell line in which one of the OBF gene pair is inactivated.
- an ES cell line in which both OBF gene pairs are inactivated can also be obtained by the following method. That is, by culturing an ES cell line in which one of the gene pair is inactivated in a medium containing a high concentration of antibiotics, the cell line in which the other gene pair is also inactivated, that is, the gene pair of the OBF gene ES cell lines in which both are inactivated can be obtained. Alternatively, it can also be prepared by selecting an ES cell line in which one of the gene pair is inactivated, introducing a targeting vector again into this cell line, and selecting a cell line that has undergone homologous recombination.
- the marker gene to be inserted into the targeting vector is preferably different from the marker gene described above. By differentiating the generated ES cells, it is possible to obtain spermatozoa in which both OBF gene pairs are inactivated.
- the present invention also provides a method for examining infertility, which includes the step of measuring the expression level of an OBF gene.
- OBF gene expression includes not only OBF mRNA expression but also OBF protein expression.
- RNA sample of a subject is prepared.
- the RNA sample can be extracted, for example, from the sperm or testis of the subject.
- the amount of RNA encoding the OBF protein contained in the RNA sample is measured.
- the amount of RNA measured is then compared to a control. Examples of such methods include Northern blotting, DNA array, or RT-PCR.
- test method can be carried out as follows by measuring the expression level of OBF protein.
- a protein sample is prepared from a subject.
- the protein sample can be prepared, for example, from a subject's sperm or testis.
- the amount of OBF protein contained in the protein sample is measured.
- the amount of OBF protein measured is then compared to a control.
- Such methods include SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis, Western blotting, dot blotting, immunoprecipitation, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) using antibodies that bind to OBF protein, And immunofluorescence can be exemplified.
- the present invention also provides a method for detecting infertility, which comprises the step of detecting a mutation in the OBF gene region.
- the OBF gene region means a region that affects the OBF gene and the expression of the gene.
- the region that affects the expression of the gene is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a promoter region.
- the mutation in the present invention is not limited in type, number, site, etc. as long as it causes a decrease or disappearance of fertilizing ability of sperm.
- Examples of the type of mutation include deletion, substitution, or insertion mutation.
- the method of this invention is not limited to those methods.
- a DNA sample is prepared from a subject.
- a DNA sample can be prepared based on, for example, chromosomal DNA or RNA.
- DNA containing the OBF gene region is then isolated. Isolation of the gene region can be performed, for example, by PCR using a primer that hybridizes to the DNA containing the gene region and chromosome DNA or RNA as a cage.
- the base sequence of the isolated DNA is determined in the following. Isolated DNA
- the base sequence of can be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the determined DNA base sequence is then compared with a control.
- the control refers to DNA containing a normal (wild-type) OBF gene region.
- the DNA sequence containing the OBF gene region of a healthy person is considered to be normal, so the above “comparison with the control” is usually compared with the DNA sequence containing the OBF gene region of a healthy person. It means to do.
- Detection of mutations in the present invention can also be performed by the following method. First, a DNA sample is prepared from a subject. Next, the prepared DNA sample is cut with a restriction enzyme. The DNA fragments are then separated according to their size. The size of the detected DNA fragment is then compared to a control. In another embodiment, a DNA sample is first prepared from a subject. Next, DNA containing the OBF gene region is amplified. Sarako, cleave the amplified DNA with restriction enzymes. The DNA fragments are then separated according to their size. The size of the detected DNA fragment is then compared to a control.
- Examples of such a method include a method using restriction enzyme fragment length mutation (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ZRFLP) and a PCR-RFLP method. Specifically, if there is a mutation in the recognition site of a restriction enzyme, or if there is a base insertion or deletion in the DNA fragment generated by the restriction enzyme treatment, the size of the fragment produced after the restriction enzyme treatment is small. Change compared to control. By amplifying a portion containing this mutation by PCR and treating with each restriction enzyme, these mutations can be detected as a difference in mobility of bands after electrophoresis.
- restriction enzyme fragment length mutation Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ZRFLP
- PCR-RFLP method Specifically, if there is a mutation in the recognition site of a restriction enzyme, or if there is a base insertion or deletion in the DNA fragment generated by the restriction enzyme treatment, the size of the fragment produced after the restriction enzyme treatment is small. Change compared to control. By amplifying a portion containing
- the presence or absence of mutation can be detected by treating chromosomal DNA with these restriction enzymes, performing electrophoresis, and performing Southern blotting using the probe DNA of the present invention.
- the restriction enzyme used can be appropriately selected according to each mutation.
- RNA prepared by the subject in addition to genomic DNA, RNA prepared by the subject can also be converted to cDNA using reverse transcriptase, cut directly with restriction enzymes, and then subjected to Southern blotting. It is also possible to examine the difference in mobility after amplifying DNA containing the OBF gene region by PCR using this cDNA as a saddle and cleaving it with a restriction enzyme.
- a DNA sample is first prepared from a subject. Then OBF Amplify the DNA containing the gene region. Furthermore, the amplified DNA is dissociated into single-stranded DNA. The dissociated single-stranded DNA is then separated on a non-denaturing gel. The mobility of the separated single-stranded DNA on the gel is compared with the control.
- Examples of the method include PCR-SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) method (Cloning and polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorpnism analysis of anonymous Alu repeats on chromosome. cs. 1992 Jan 1; 12 (1): 139- 146. Detection of p53 gene mutations in human brain tu mors by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain react ion products.Oncogene. 1991 Aug 1; 6 (8): 1313- 1318. Multiple fluorescence-base PCR-SSCP analysis with postlabeling. PCR Methods Appl. 1995 Apr 1; 4 (5): 275-282.).
- This method is particularly suitable for screening a large number of DNA samples because it is relatively easy to operate and has the advantage that the amount of the test compound is small.
- the principle is as follows. When a double-stranded DNA fragment is dissociated into single strands, each strand forms a unique higher-order structure that depends on its base sequence. When this dissociated DNA strand is electrophoresed in a polyacrylamide gel without a denaturing agent, single-stranded DNA with the same complementary strand length moves to a different position depending on the difference in each higher-order structure. . Substitution of single base also changes the higher-order structure of this single-stranded DNA, and shows different mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Therefore, by detecting this change in mobility, it is possible to detect the presence of mutations due to point mutations, deletions or insertions in the DNA fragment.
- DNA containing the OBF gene region is amplified by PCR or the like.
- a length of about 200 400 bp is usually preferable.
- Those skilled in the art can perform PCR by appropriately selecting reaction conditions and the like.
- the amplified DNA product can be labeled by using a ply labeled with an isotope such as 32 P, a fluorescent dye, or piotin.
- the amplified DNA product can be labeled by adding a substrate base labeled with an isotope such as 32 P, a fluorescent dye, or piotin to the PCR reaction solution.
- substrates labeled with isotopes such as 32 P, fluorescent dyes, or piotin using a talenou enzyme after the PCR reaction
- Labeling can also be accomplished by adding a base to the amplified DNA fragment.
- the labeled DNA fragment thus obtained is denatured by applying heat or the like and electrophoresed on a polyacrylamide gel containing no denaturing agent such as urea.
- the conditions for separating DNA fragments can be improved by adding an appropriate amount (approximately 5 to 10%) of glycerol to the polyacrylamide gel.
- Electrophoretic conditions vary depending on the nature of each DNA fragment, but are usually performed at room temperature (20 to 25 ° C), and optimal mobility can be achieved at temperatures from 4 to 30 ° C when favorable separation cannot be obtained. Examine the temperature to be applied. After electrophoresis, the mobility of DNA fragments is detected and analyzed by autoradiography using X-ray film or a scanner that detects fluorescence. If a band with a difference in mobility is detected, this band can be excised directly from the gel, amplified again by PCR, and sequenced directly to confirm the presence of the mutation. Even when labeled DNA is not used, bands can be detected by staining the gel after electrophoresis with ethidium bromide or silver staining.
- a DNA sample is first prepared from a subject.
- DNA containing the OBF gene region is amplified.
- the amplified DNA is separated on a gel with increasing concentrations of DNA denaturing agents. The mobility of the separated DNA on the gel is then compared to the control.
- Examples of such a method include denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE method).
- the DGGE method is a method in which a mixture of DNA fragments is run in a polyacrylamide gel with a denaturing agent concentration gradient, and the DNA fragments are separated according to the difference in instability.
- DGGE method is a method in which a mixture of DNA fragments is run in a polyacrylamide gel with a denaturing agent concentration gradient, and the DNA fragments are separated according to the difference in instability.
- the DNA sequence around the mismatch is partially dissociated into single strands due to its instability.
- the mobility of this partially dissociated DNA fragment is very slow and can be separated from the mobility of a complete double-stranded DNA without a dissociated part.
- a polyacrylamide gel in which DNA containing the OBF gene region is amplified by a PCR method using the primer of the present invention and the like and gradually increases as the concentration of denaturing agents such as urea moves. Electrophorese in and compare to control. Lower denaturants for DNA fragments with mutations Since the DNA fragment becomes single-stranded at the concentration position and the movement speed becomes extremely slow, the presence or absence of mutation can be detected by detecting this difference in mobility.
- a DNA containing an OBF gene region prepared from a subject and a substrate on which a nucleotide probe that hybridizes to the DNA is immobilized are provided.
- the “substrate” means a plate-like material on which a nucleotide probe can be fixed.
- nucleotides include oligonucleotides and polynucleotides.
- the substrate of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the nucleotide probe can be immobilized, but a substrate generally used in DNA array technology can be preferably used.
- a DNA array consists of thousands of nucleotides printed on a substrate at high density. Usually, these DNAs are printed on the surface of a non-porous substrate.
- the surface layer of the substrate is generally glass, but a porous membrane, such as a trocellulose membrane, can be used.
- an oligonucleotide-based array developed by Aifymetrix can be exemplified as a method for immobilizing (arraying) nucleotides.
- oligonucleotides are usually synthesized in situ.
- photolithographic techniques Aifymetrix
- in-situ synthesis methods of oligonucleotides using an ink-jet (Rosetta Inpharmatics) technique for immobilizing chemical substances are already known.
- the nucleotide probe immobilized on the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it can detect a mutation in the OBF gene region. That is, the probe is, for example, a probe that hybridizes to DNA containing the OBF gene region. If specific hybridization is possible, the nucleotide probe need not be completely complementary to the DNA containing the gene region.
- the length of the nucleotide probe to be bound to the substrate is usually 10 to 100 bp, preferably 10 to 50 bp, more preferably 15 to 25 bp when the oligonucleotide is immobilized.
- the DNA containing the OBF gene region is brought into contact with the substrate.
- DNA is hybridized to the nucleotide probe.
- the reaction solution and reaction conditions for the hybridization can vary depending on various factors such as the length of the nucleotide probe immobilized on the substrate, but can generally be performed by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- the intensity of hybridization between the DNA containing the OBF gene region and the nucleotide probe immobilized on the substrate is then detected.
- This detection can be performed, for example, by reading a fluorescent signal with a scanner or the like.
- DNA arrays DNA fixed on a slide glass is generally called a probe, while labeled DNA in a solution is called a target. Therefore, the above nucleotide fixed to the substrate is referred to as a nucleotide probe in this specification.
- the intensity of the detected hybrid is further compared with that of a control.
- DNA array method SNP gene mutation strategy, Kenichi Matsubara • Yoshiyuki Tsuji, Nakayama Shoten, pl28-135, Nature Genetics (1999) 22: 164-167), etc.
- an allele specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization method can be used for the purpose of detecting only a mutation at a specific position. If an oligonucleotide containing a nucleotide sequence that is considered to have a mutation is prepared and subjected to hybridization with DNA, the efficiency of hybridization will be reduced if the mutation is present. This can be detected by Southern blotting or a method that uses the property of quenching by intercalating a special fluorescent reagent into the hybrid gap.
- the MALDI-TOF / MS method SNP gene polymorphism strategy, Kenichi Matsubara, Yoshiyuki Tsuji, Nakayama Shoten, pl06-117, Trends Biotechnol (2000): 18: 77- 84
- TaqMan PCR method SNP gene polymorphism strategy, Kenichi Matsubara 'Yoshiyuki Tsuji, Nakayama Shoten, p94-105, Genet Anal.
- the present invention provides a test agent for use in the test method of the present invention. That One embodiment is a test agent that contains an oligonucleotide that hybridizes to the 0BF gene region and has a chain length of at least 15 nucleotides.
- the oligonucleotide specifically hybridizes to DNA (normal DNA or mutant DNA) containing the OBF gene region.
- DNA normal DNA or mutant DNA
- “specifically hybridize” means normal hybridization conditions, preferably stringent hybridization conditions (for example, Sambnorec et al., Molecular Cloning. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, In the USA, 2nd edition, 1989), which means that DNA encoding other proteins, crosno, and hybridization are not significantly generated.
- the oligonucleotide need not be completely complementary to the DNA containing the OBF gene region, if specific noidisation is possible! /.
- Oligonucleotides that hybridize to DNA containing the OBF gene region and have a chain length of at least 15 nucleotides can be used as probes (including substrates on which the probes are immobilized) and primers in the test method of the present invention. it can.
- the oligonucleotide is used as a primer, the length is usually 15 bp to 100 bp, preferably 17 bp to 30 bp.
- the primer is not particularly limited as long as it can amplify at least a part of the OBF gene region including the mutated portion.
- the probe is not particularly limited as long as it specifically hybridizes to DNA containing an OBF gene region.
- the probe may be a synthetic oligonucleotide and usually has a chain length of at least 15 bp.
- the oligonucleotide of the present invention can be prepared by, for example, a commercially available oligonucleotide synthesizer.
- the probe can be prepared as a double-stranded DNA fragment obtained by restriction enzyme treatment or the like.
- the oligonucleotide of the present invention is used as a probe, it is preferably used after being appropriately labeled.
- T4 polynucleotide kinase is used to label the oligonucleotide by phosphorylating the 5 ′ end with 32 P, and a random hexamer oligonucleotide is used using a DNA polymerase such as a Talenow enzyme.
- Substrate bases labeled with isotopes such as 32 P, fluorescent dyes, or piotin using nucleotides as primers Examples of the incorporation method (random prime method, etc.) can be given.
- test agent of the present invention is a test reagent containing an antibody that recognizes the OBF antigen of the present invention.
- the antibody is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for testing.
- the antibody is labeled as necessary.
- oligonucleotides and antibodies that are active ingredients for example, sterilized water, physiological saline, vegetable oil, surfactants, lipids, solubilizers, buffers, Protein stabilizers (BSA, gelatin, etc.), preservatives, etc. may be mixed if necessary! All prior art documents cited in the present specification are incorporated herein by reference.
- spleen cells (lxlO 8 ) were extracted from mouse spleen and fused with myeloma cell line P3U1 (lxlO 7 ) using polyethylene glycol 4000 (Sigma Chem.).
- Dulbecco's Modification of Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (Flow Lab.) With 100 IU / m 1 penicillin, 100 ⁇ g / ml streptomycin (Flow Lab.), 1 ⁇ g / ml Fungizone (Flow Lab.), 80 ⁇ g / ml Gentacin (Shionogi Pharm.
- mice sperm medium (TYH) (Toyoda, Y., et al. Jpn J Anim Reprod 16, 147-51 (1971).) For 2 hours, then these sperm (lxlO 5 ) was allowed to react with 50 ⁇ l of the culture supernatant obtained from the hybridoma (OBF13) for 2 hours at 37 ° C. After several washes with PBS (-), FITC-conjugated anti-mouse IgM (Miles- Yeda) diluted to 25 ⁇ g / ml with a solution of 5% NBCS (new-born calf serum) in PBS. Ltd.) was added for 20 ⁇ l and allowed to react for 1 hour. After several washes with PBS (-), their sperm were observed under a fluorescence microscope
- Superovulation was performed by injecting 5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) (Teikoku Zoki) into the abdominal cavity of female BDF1 mice over 8 weeks of age, and 5 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (Tei koku Zoki) 48 hours later. I was made. After 13-15 hours, unfertilized eggs were collected from the enormous part of the fallopian tube, and unfertilized eggs from which cumulus cells were removed by 0.01% (w / v) Hyaluronidase (Sigma Chem.) Were used.
- PMSG pregnant mare serum gonadotropin
- hCG human chorionic gonadotropin
- Sperm is extracted from the epididymis, cultured in TYH medium at 37 ° C for 1 hour, supplemented with OBF13 monoclonal antibody, incubated for 1 hour, and medium containing egg to a final concentration of 2xl0 5 sperm / ml Added to.
- fertilized eggs were identified in TYH medium based on pronuclear formation under a phase contrast microscope using Hoffman contrast.
- the epididymis and vas deferens were removed from ICR male mice (10 mice) 12 weeks of age or older. After collecting sperm, Lysis buffer (1% TritonX-114, PBS ⁇ 10 mM Benzamidine ⁇ 1 mM PMSF, 1 ⁇ g / Sperm was solubilized using ml P epstatin, 1 ⁇ g / ml Leupeptin). The solubilized protein was removed by centrifugation of the insoluble fraction, layered on 6% Sucrose, and left at 37 ° C for 5 minutes. It was.
- Lysis buffer 1% TritonX-114, PBS ⁇ 10 mM Benzamidine ⁇ 1 mM PMSF, 1 ⁇ g / Sperm was solubilized using ml P epstatin, 1 ⁇ g / ml Leupeptin). The solubilized protein was removed by centrifugation of the insoluble fraction, layered on 6% Sucrose,
- Plasmid DNA for expressing OBF protein is a mammalian expression vector, pCXN2 (Niwa, H., et al. Gene), constructed by adding a Kozak sequence at the N-terminus and a histidine tag at the C-terminus. 108, 193-9 (1991). These plasmid DNAs were introduced into RK13 cells (RIKEN Cell Bank) derived from rabbit kidney using lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen). After selecting cells with 600 ⁇ g / ml G418 (Invitrogen), a penicillin cup was used. And cloned.
- DMEM Dulbecco's Modification of Eagle's Medium
- Invitrogen 100 IU / ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g / ml streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutmine, 0.1 mM MEM
- Non-essential amino acids Invtrogen
- 10% fetal calf serum JRH Biosciences
- a cell line prepared as in 3-1 was used as the OBF protein antigen. Seven lxlO cells were collected from these cell lines using 10 mM EDTA, washed several times with PBS ( ⁇ ), and suspended in 0.5 ml PBS ( ⁇ ). 0.6 ml of Freund's complete adjuvant (Difco) was added to this PBS (-) suspension solution to make emulsions, and immunization was performed in the vicinity of the lymph nodes on both legs of the Usagi four times a week. After the fourth immunization, a boost was performed and blood smelt was collected.
- Difco Freund's complete adjuvant
- Serum IgG was precipitated using 33% final concentration of ammonium sulfate, dialyzed against PBS (-) and stored at -80 ° C (Inoue, N., et al. J Immunol 166, 424-31 (2001).).
- Proteins from various mouse tissues can be obtained from each tissue at 100 mg / ml in lysis buffer (1% (v / v) Trit on X—100, PBS ⁇ 10 mM Benzamidine ⁇ 1 mM PMSF, 1 ⁇ g / ml Pepstatin, 1 ( ⁇ g / ml Leupeptin), and the tissue was crushed using a Potter type homogenizer and soluble. The soluble sample was centrifuged at 4 ° C, 20,000xg, 30 minutes, and the soluble fraction was collected.
- the soluble fraction was quantified by the BBB equivalent of the protein amount by the CBB method, and 30 ⁇ g was separated by SDS-PAGE (10% polyacrylamide gel) and applied to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF).
- the transferred membrane was blocked with 10% skim milk blocking buffer (0.15% Tween 20, 0.5 M NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HC1 (pH 7.4), and then added to the blocking buffer at 1 g / ml.
- a targeting vector in which exons 2 to 10 are replaced with the neomycin metagene as shown in Fig. 4A is prepared and introduced into the D3 embryonic stem (ES) cell by the electoporation method. did. After selection with 150 ⁇ g / ml G418 (Invitrogen), 4 positive colonies were selected from the genomic DNA by PCR. In addition, 4 clones were selected by Southern blotting, as expected. These four cell lines were injected into blastcyst embryos of C57BL / 6 mice. As a result, a chimeric mouse was obtained that conveys the targeting aryl to offspring.
- an OBF hetero mouse was obtained (F1 mouse). Furthermore, OBF knockout mice were obtained by crossing F1 mice (F2 mice). For the analysis, F2 mice or F3 mice that have obtained mating ability between F2 mice were mainly used.
- the gel is denatured using denaturation buffer (0.5 N NaOH, 1.5 M NaCl), and neutralized using neutralization buffer (0.5 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 3 M NaCl). And transferred to a nylon membrane (Hybond-N +, Amersham).
- the transfer membrane was prepared by labeling the DNA prepared on the outside of the long arm with 32 P and allowed to react at 60 ° C. for 1 hour in a hybridization buffer (Express Hybridization buf fer, Clontech).
- Membrane cleaning solution cleaning solution 1; 2xSSC, 0.0 After washing several times using 5% SDS, washing solution 2; O. lxSSC, 0.1% SDS), the transfer film was exposed to an X-ray film (Hyper film MP, Amersham).
- RNA from testis using TRIZOL Reagent (Invtrogen), separate 20 ⁇ g each on 1% agarose gel containing lx MOPS, 18% formaldehyde, and denature the gel using denaturation buffer (50 mM NaOH). Using sum buffer (200 mM CH COONa)
- the gel was neutralized and transferred to a nylon membrane (Hybond-N +, Amersham).
- the nylon membrane to which RNA was transferred was reacted with a 32 P-labeled ORF full-length OBF fragment in a hybridization buffer (Express Hybridization buffer, Clontech) at 68 ° C for 1 hour.
- the membrane was exposed to an X-ray film (Hyper film MP, Amersham) after several washes using a membrane cleaning solution (cleaning solution 1; 2xSSC, 0.05% SDS, cleaning solution 2; O. lxSSC, 0.1% SDS).
- the method of Western blot was according to 3-3. Testis and sperm were extracted from 12-week-old mice of each genotype, and then the protein was soluble using lysis buffer. Each protein was separated by SDS-PAGE using 10% acrylamide at 30 / zg, 1 ⁇ g / ⁇ OBF polyclonal antibody, 10 ⁇ g / ml mouse CD46 polyclonal antibody (Inoue, N., et al.
- Semen was collected by a manual procedure from a healthy volunteer man. This semen was liquefied by incubating at 37 ° C for 1 hour, and 0.5 ml was added to the bottom of 2 ml of BWW medium (Overstreet, JW, et al. Fertil Steril 33, 534-42 (1980).) In a test tube. ml of liquefied semen was added and incubated for 1 hour with the tube angle kept at 30 °. Swim-up sperm was recovered from 1.5 ml of supernatant, washed once with BWW, suspended in 200 1 BWW, added to 200 1 drop (total 400 ⁇ 1), and incubated at 37 ° C for 6 hours .
- Eggs were prepared in the same manner as in vitro fertilization, and cumulus cells were removed using 0.01% (w / v) Hyaluronidase (Sigma Chem.). Unfertilized eggs are washed several times with a drop of kSOM (Ho, Y., et al. Mol Reprod Dev 41, 232-8 (1995)), then placed in another kSOM drop at 37 ° C, 5% CO
- mice with OBF-/-and OBF transgene were prepared by crossing with.
- the vector used for the mouse OBF transgenic mouse was constructed so that it was expressed under the control of the testis-specific carmedin promoter (Ikawa, M., et al. Dev Biol 240, 254-61 (2001)). ).
- Superovulatory mice were prepared as in 1-3, and mated with male mice after hCG injection and mated.
- the males used were (1) OBF +/ ⁇ , (2) OBF ⁇ , and (3) OBF ⁇ / ⁇ , a double transgenic mouse that is also an OBF transgene.
- the next morning the female vagina was observed, and after confirming the plug indicating mating, eggs were collected from the enormous portion of the fallopian tube. At this time, eggs with abnormal cytoplasm were removed, and fertilized eggs were identified based on pronuclear formation under a microscope using Hoffman contrast.
- the present researchers also extracted sperm from the epididymal strength of C57BL / 6 male mice and immunized them to female mice of the same strain.
- a number of monoclonal antibodies were prepared. Among them, one clone of a unique monoclonal antibody that specifically reacts only to the sperm after the acrosome reaction, which is a morphological change caused by the fusion of the sperm cell membrane and the outer membrane of the acrosome so that the sperm can be fertilized Obtained.
- This antibody (OBF13) gradually spreads throughout the sperm head as the acrosome reaction occurs. It reacts with strong antigens (Fig.
- sperm after OBF13 treatment had no effect on the binding and passage to the zona pellucida, but showed an inhibitory effect on the subsequent fusion with the ovum depending on the antibody treatment concentration (Table 1). 2).
- ** p 0.01 A statistically significant difference from the control at a risk rate of 1% or less
- the antigen recognized by this antibody is a molecule that is essential for sperm binding or fusion to the ovum, and the epididymal strength of 10 ICR male mice also collected the sperm and collected the membrane.
- Triton X-114 a surfactant that can be roughly extracted into the fraction and the aqueous fraction, was used for soluble identification and attempted to identify the antigen.
- the membrane fraction was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (first dimension: pH 4.0-7.0, second dimension: 7.5% SDS-PAGE polyacrylamide gel). After transfer to PVDF membrane, Western blotting was performed using OBF13 to identify the location of the antigen spot (Fig. 3A). Next, the gel force was cut out from the identified spot, and the primary structure was determined by LC-MS / MS (FIG. 3B).
- OBF13 antigen has already been registered in the cDNA capacity of the full-length ORF ⁇ CBI database as an unknown function molecule (accession number: XM_133424), and the mRNA sequence could be estimated.
- RT-PCR and DNA sequencing were performed on the total RNA extracted from mouse testis, and the sequence was confirmed.
- Analysis of the motif of this molecule (OBF (Oocyte binding / lusion factor)) revealed that it is a typical type I membrane protein with signal sequence, extracellular region, transmembrane region, and intracellular region. (Figure 3B).
- OBF was present not only in mice but also at least in humans and rats, and the homology at each amino acid sequence level was as high as more than 57%.
- the base sequence of OBF for human, mouse or rat is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, 3 or 5, and the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4 or 6. It was speculated that the extracellular region of OBF in all these animal species has one Ig-like (Immunoglobulin-like) domain, and this domain is formed by disulfide bonds between cysteines (Fig. 3D). .
- the N-linked glycosylation sequence in this domain was completely conserved among all animal species.
- Mouse OBF has been shown to be expressed in the testis and brain in the EST database.
- polyclonal antibodies against mouse OBF are prepared and Western blotting of each tissue is performed, it exists specifically at the protein level in the testis and sperm. ( Figure 3C).
- a knockout mouse was prepared and analyzed. Targeting to replace exon 2 to 10 of OBF gene consisting of 10 exons with neomycin resistance gene A vector was constructed, and ES cells that caused homologous recombination were cloned as usual to produce knockout mice (FIG. 4A). The presence of homologous recombination in individual mice was examined by Southern blot, Northern blot, and Western blot (Fig. 4B-D). As a result, it was confirmed that mRNAs and proteins derived from the OBF gene were deleted in mice subjected to homologous recombination.
- OBF is an important molecule indispensable for binding and fusion with the egg, which is the most important step of fertilization, in humans as well as in mice.
- this antibody since this antibody has an effect of inhibiting fertilization, it can be used as an antigen for a contraceptive vaccine. Conversely, by examining OBF, it can also be applied to the diagnosis of infertility.
- the present invention provides a method for using the protein OBF essential for binding or fusion of sperm and ovum and its antibody.
- OBF can be used as a contraceptive vaccine and antibody against OBF Can be used as a contraceptive.
- screening of contraceptives and infertility testing methods using OBF protein expression as an index can be provided.
- a non-human animal in which the function of the OBF gene is suppressed can be used as a model animal for infertility.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05781302A EP1801124A4 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | USE OF THE SPERM BREAST PROTEIN OBF |
| JP2006532744A JPWO2006025421A1 (ja) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | 精子膜タンパク質obfの利用 |
| US11/661,039 US20080025982A1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | Uses of Sperm Membrane Protein Obf |
| US12/766,409 US20100329987A1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2010-04-23 | Uses of Sperm Membrane Protein OBF |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004253114 | 2004-08-31 | ||
| JP2004-253114 | 2004-08-31 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/766,409 Continuation US20100329987A1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2010-04-23 | Uses of Sperm Membrane Protein OBF |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006025421A1 true WO2006025421A1 (ja) | 2006-03-09 |
Family
ID=36000071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/015847 Ceased WO2006025421A1 (ja) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | 精子膜タンパク質obfの利用 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20080025982A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1801124A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2006025421A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006025421A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4812881B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-20 | 2011-11-09 | 日立コンシューマエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 記録条件の調整方法及び光ディスク装置 |
| AU2014235919A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2015-11-05 | Patrick J. Casey | Contraceptive vaccines for mammals |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02242697A (ja) * | 1989-03-15 | 1990-09-27 | Fuso Yakuhin Kogyo Kk | 抗ひと精子抗体、その製法および用途 |
| WO2001030853A1 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-03 | Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. | Antibody against rat postacrosome reaction sperm and utilization thereof |
| JP2001514743A (ja) * | 1997-02-25 | 2001-09-11 | ユニバーシティ オブ バージニア パテント ファンデーション | 細胞表面タンパク質に対するワクチンの製造方法 |
| JP2002539223A (ja) * | 1999-03-23 | 2002-11-19 | ユニバーシティ オブ バージニア パテント ファウンデーション | ヒト精子表面抗原 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5232834A (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1993-08-03 | Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. | Anti-human sperm antibody, and its production and use |
-
2005
- 2005-08-31 EP EP05781302A patent/EP1801124A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-08-31 US US11/661,039 patent/US20080025982A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-31 WO PCT/JP2005/015847 patent/WO2006025421A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-08-31 JP JP2006532744A patent/JPWO2006025421A1/ja active Pending
-
2010
- 2010-04-23 US US12/766,409 patent/US20100329987A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02242697A (ja) * | 1989-03-15 | 1990-09-27 | Fuso Yakuhin Kogyo Kk | 抗ひと精子抗体、その製法および用途 |
| JP2001514743A (ja) * | 1997-02-25 | 2001-09-11 | ユニバーシティ オブ バージニア パテント ファンデーション | 細胞表面タンパク質に対するワクチンの製造方法 |
| JP2002539223A (ja) * | 1999-03-23 | 2002-11-19 | ユニバーシティ オブ バージニア パテント ファウンデーション | ヒト精子表面抗原 |
| WO2001030853A1 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-03 | Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. | Antibody against rat postacrosome reaction sperm and utilization thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (8)
| Title |
|---|
| COHEN DJ ET AL: "Evidence that human epididymal protein ARP plays a role in gamete fusion through complementary sites on the surface of the human egg.", BIOL REPROD., vol. 65, no. 4, October 2001 (2001-10-01), pages 1000 - 1005, XP002994758 * |
| DATABASE GENBANK [online] 16 March 2004 (2004-03-16), LI H ET AL, XP002994756, accession no. ncbi Database accession no. (AY552609) * |
| ELLERMAN DA ET AL: "Direct binding of the ligand PSG17 to CD9 requires a CD9 site essential for sperm-egg fusion.", MOL BIOL CELL., vol. 14, no. 12, 14 December 2003 (2003-12-14), pages 5098 - 5103, XP002994759 * |
| INOUE N ET AL: "The immunoglobulin superfamily protein Izumo is required for sperm to fuse with eggs.", NATURE., vol. 434, no. 7030, 10 March 2005 (2005-03-10), pages 234 - 238, XP002994757 * |
| OKABE M ET AL: "An anti-mouse sperm monoclonal antibody (OBF13) and its inhibitory activity on fertilization.", JPN FERTIL STERIL., vol. 33, no. 3, 1988, pages 473 - 478, XP008059490 * |
| OKABE M ET AL: "Effect of a monoclonal anti-mouse sperm antibody (OBF13) on the interaction of mouse sperm with zona-free mouse and hamster eggs.", J REPROD IMMUNOL., vol. 13, no. 3, August 1988 (1988-08-01), pages 211 - 219, XP002994761 * |
| SCHULTZ R AND WILLIAMS C.: "Developmental biology: sperm-egg fusion unscrambled.", NATURE., vol. 434, no. 7030, 10 March 2005 (2005-03-10), pages 152 - 153, XP002994760 * |
| See also references of EP1801124A4 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100329987A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
| EP1801124A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| US20080025982A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
| EP1801124A4 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
| JPWO2006025421A1 (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP4353701B2 (ja) | Foxp3蛋白質を用いた霊長類における免疫機能の調節方法 | |
| JP5897300B2 (ja) | 腫瘍治療のための組成物と方法 | |
| WO2005110338A2 (de) | Identifizierung von oberflächen-assoziierten antigenen für die tumordiagnose und -therapie | |
| KR20160110538A (ko) | 신질환의 예방 또는 치료제 | |
| JPH11514225A (ja) | 哺乳動物の細胞周期の新規調節物質ARF−p19 | |
| JP2003523207A (ja) | Liv−1関連タンパク質、それをコードするポリヌクレオチド、及び癌の治療へのその利用 | |
| US20110065177A1 (en) | Novel Collectin | |
| CN1425066B (zh) | 新的stra6多肽 | |
| JP5954800B2 (ja) | 男性不妊症の原因因子検出方法及び男性不妊症モデル動物 | |
| WO1999015652A1 (en) | Megsin protein | |
| JP2002523094A (ja) | アタキシン−2結合タンパク質をコードする核酸、それらに関する産物、およびそれらを使用する方法 | |
| US20100329987A1 (en) | Uses of Sperm Membrane Protein OBF | |
| JPWO2001081401A1 (ja) | 新規コレクチン | |
| US7964767B2 (en) | Transgenic mice expressing baculovirus soluble GP64 and methods of using such mice to make antibodies | |
| WO2006068326A1 (ja) | 新規ポリペプチドおよびその用途 | |
| KR100544933B1 (ko) | 프리온병 감염인자의 스크리닝 방법 | |
| JP2005517387A (ja) | 心疾患の診断および治療の方法 | |
| WO2005110433A1 (ja) | Bach2の発現が人為的に抑制されている非ヒト動物とその利用 | |
| JP4451158B2 (ja) | 転写制御シスエレメント及びそれに特異的に結合する転写調節因子並びにそれらの用途 | |
| JPWO2006019153A1 (ja) | GsdmA遺伝子の機能が抑制され、癌化関連遺伝子の機能が促進または抑制された非ヒト動物 | |
| KR20010102996A (ko) | 메그-4 단백질 | |
| WO2023243689A1 (ja) | 新規な炎症性疾患治療剤およびそのスクリーニング方法 | |
| WO2004074475A1 (ja) | 転写制御シスエレメント及びそれに特異的に結合する転写調節因子並びにそれらの用途 | |
| JPH08238091A (ja) | 新規カルシウム結合タンパク | |
| JP2004173677A (ja) | 新規タンパク質およびそのdna |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006532744 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2005781302 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2005781302 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11661039 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 11661039 Country of ref document: US |