WO2006044457A1 - N-benzenesulfonyl substituted anilino-pyrimidine analogs - Google Patents

N-benzenesulfonyl substituted anilino-pyrimidine analogs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006044457A1
WO2006044457A1 PCT/US2005/036674 US2005036674W WO2006044457A1 WO 2006044457 A1 WO2006044457 A1 WO 2006044457A1 US 2005036674 W US2005036674 W US 2005036674W WO 2006044457 A1 WO2006044457 A1 WO 2006044457A1
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Prior art keywords
optionally substituted
group
compound
formula
hydrogen
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PCT/US2005/036674
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French (fr)
Inventor
Fuk-Wah Sum
Dennis William Powell
Yixian Zhang
Lijing Chen
Scott Lee Kincaid
Lee D. Jennings
Yongbo Hu
Adam Matthew Gilbert
Matthew Gregory Bursavich
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Wyeth LLC
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Wyeth LLC
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=35945218&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2006044457(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority to EP05812654A priority Critical patent/EP1799652A1/en
Priority to MX2007004488A priority patent/MX2007004488A/en
Priority to CA002580913A priority patent/CA2580913A1/en
Priority to AU2005295788A priority patent/AU2005295788A1/en
Priority to JP2007536838A priority patent/JP2008515986A/en
Application filed by Wyeth LLC filed Critical Wyeth LLC
Priority to BRPI0516597-0A priority patent/BRPI0516597A/en
Publication of WO2006044457A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006044457A1/en
Priority to NO20071642A priority patent/NO20071642L/en
Priority to IL182316A priority patent/IL182316A0/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to anilino-pyrimidine analogs that are useful for inhibiting kinase activity.
  • Nuclear factor- ⁇ B is a transcriptional factor that regulates the expression of important genes related to cell survival. Activation of NF- ⁇ B is central to inflammatory response because it regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor- ⁇ (TNF- ⁇ ). TNF- ⁇ not only induces inflammation, but also acts as a survival factor for many cancers and can stimulate the production of angiogenic factors. TNF- ⁇ has been found in ovarian, breast, prostate, bladder, and colorectal cancer as well as in lymphomas and leukemias. The role of NF- ⁇ B in cancer has been further illuminated by research showing that NF -KB promotes tumorigenesis by suppressing apoptosis and stimulating cell proliferation.
  • NF- ⁇ B inhibitors may prove useful as anti-cancer and anti-inflammation therapeutic agents.
  • the primary form of NF- ⁇ B is retained in the cytoplasm of resting cells by IKB, an inhibitor of NF- ⁇ B.
  • NF- ⁇ B is activated by stimulation of a cellular kinase complex known as IKB kinase ("IKK”) complex, comprising subunits IKK ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ .
  • IKK IKB kinase
  • IKK phosphorylates IKB and triggers ubiquitination-dependent degradation through the proteasome pathway. With IKB destroyed, NF- ⁇ B is free to enter the nucleus and activate transcription.
  • IKK Aberrant expression of IKK has been correlated with activation of NF- ⁇ B and, in turn, tumorigenesis and cell proliferation. High IKK levels may also promote tumorigenesis by negatively regulating other transcription factors, such as FOXO factors. Hu, M. (2004) "IKB Kinase Promotes Tumorigenesis through Inhibition of Forkhead FOXC ⁇ a," Cell, 117, 225- 237. Thus, inhibiting IKK may inhibit cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Other anilino- pyrimidine derivatives have been shown to inhibit inappropriately high kinase activity. See, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6,048,866. However, there remains a need for agents that selectively inhibit kinase activity, including IKK. The present invention fulfills this need.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I:
  • R 1 is hydrogen
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 7 R 8 , guanidinyl, ureido, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, hydroxy, and alkoxy;
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, and alkylaminomethyl;
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; optionally substituted alkyl; optionally substituted alkenyl; optionally substituted alkynyl; optionally substituted aryl; optionally substituted heteroaryl; hydroxy; alkoxy; alkylamino; arylamino; heteroarylamino; -NCOR 9 ; -COR 9 ; -CONR 7 R 8 ; SO 2 R 10 ; optionally substituted 3 to 10 membered cyclic amines containing O to 3 heteroatoms; optionally, R and R together form an optionally substituted 3 to 12 membered monocyclic or bicyclic ring containing O to 4 heteroatoms;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl
  • R 10 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and NR 7 R 8 ; and the salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof.
  • the present invention provides preferred substituents and specific compounds of formula I.
  • the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention provides a method of inhibiting kinase action, especially IKK, in a cell by providing a compound of the present invention.
  • the present invention also provides a method of inhibiting kinase activity, especially IKK, in a mammal, especially a human, by administering a compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • the present invention also provides a method of treating a kinase-dependent condition, especially inflammation or cancer, by administering a compound of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides methods of treating diseases associated with NF- ⁇ B activation by administering a compound of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides methods of treating cancer; inflammatory or autoimmune conditions; cardiovascular, metabolic, or ischemic conditions; infectious diseases, particularly viral infections; as well as pre- or post-menopausal conditions, particularly osteoporosis, by administering a compound of the present invention.
  • the present invention also provides methods further comprising administering an additional inhibitor of a protein kinase of the NF- ⁇ B pathway.
  • the present invention provides processes for making a compound of formula I as defined above.
  • the present invention also encompasses intermediates of these processes.
  • Figures 1 -8 depict exemplary guanidine and enaminone reactions.
  • Figures 9-14 depict exemplary halogen displacement reactions.
  • the present invention relates to anilino-pyrimidine analogs, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods using the same.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula I:
  • R 1 is hydrogen
  • R is selected from the group consisting of NR R , guanidinyl, ureido, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, hydroxy, and alkoxy;
  • R 4 is hydrogen
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, and alkylaminomethyl;
  • R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; optionally substituted alkyl; optionally substituted alkenyl; optionally substituted alkynyl; optionally substituted aryl; optionally substituted heteroaryl; hydroxy; alkoxy; alkylamino; arylamino; heteroarylamino; -NCOR 9 ; -COR 9 ; -CONR 7 R 8 ; SO 2 R 10 ; optionally substituted 3 to 10 membered cyclic amines containing O to 3 heteroatoms; optionally, R 7 and R 8 together form an optionally substituted 3 to 12 membered monocyclic or bicyclic ring containing O to 4 heteroatoms;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
  • R 10 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and NR 7 R 8 ; and the salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof.
  • the R groups of the present invention are optionally substituted. Unless otherwise specified, optionally substituted means having zero, one, or more than one substituents. Unless otherwise specified, substituted means having one or more substituents.
  • Substituents include hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkylamino, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkanoyl, carbonyl, carbamoyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, thioyl, -COOR 9 , -CONR 7 R 8 , NR 7 R 8 (including cyclic amines as described below), SR 7 , and -SO 2 R 10 .
  • the substituents further include methyl groups and optionally substituted C 2 - I o straight, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl groups.
  • the substituents on the R groups can also be optionally substituted.
  • halogens include, but are not limited to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
  • alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups have 1 to 10 carbon atoms and may be straight, branched, or cyclic.
  • Alkyl means a straight chain or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic hydrocarbon.
  • Alkenyl means a straight chain or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms and including at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
  • Alkynyl means a straight chain or branched hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms and including at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
  • Heteroatom means an atom selected from nitrogen, which can be quatemized; oxygen; and sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone.
  • Alkoxy means a group -OR, wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group which can optionally be substituted with one or more functional groups.
  • Hydroxy means -OH.
  • Amino means the -NH 2 group.
  • Hydrates are solid compounds containing water molecules combined in a definite ratio as an integral part of the crystal.
  • Solvates are solid compounds containing solvent molecules combined in a definite ratio as an integral part of the crystal.
  • aryl groups include, but are not limited to phenyl and naphthyl groups.
  • Heteroaryl means an aromatic heterocycle ring, including both mono- bi- and tricyclic ring systems, wherein at least one carbon atom of ring sytem is replaced with a heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thienyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, triazinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrrole, pyrazinyl, and thiazolyl groups.
  • heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to saturated or partially saturated heteroaryls, including but not limited to pyrazoline, oxazolone, thiazolone, thiadiazolone, piperazine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, benzoimidazolone, benzoxazolone, benzodioxazol, benzodioxazolone, benzo[l,4]oxazin-3-one, 3,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2-one, benzo[l,4]dioxene-2-one, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline.
  • heteroaryls including but not limited to pyrazoline, oxazolone, thiazolone, thiadiazolone, piperazine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, benzoimidazolone, benzoxazolone, benzodioxazol, benzodioxazolone, benzo[
  • Examples of a benzene ring fused to a heterocyclic ring include, but are not limited to benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dihydrobenzofuran, dihydrobenzopyran, benzoxazolidinone, benzimidazolinone, benzooxazinone, indole, isoindole, benzothiophene, quinoline, and isoquinoline.
  • the heteroaryl and heterocyclic groups contain one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 7 R 8 , optionally substituted imidazolyl, and optionally substituted alkyl. In a preferred embodiment, R 2 is
  • NR R , and R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, amino and alkylamino (including cyclic amines), alkylhydroxy, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, heteroaryl, and COR 9 where R 9 is alkyl or aralkyl.
  • R 2 is NH 2 , -(dimethylamino)ethyl, or -(dimethylamino)propyl.
  • R 7 and R 8 together form an optionally substituted 3 to 12 membered monocyclic or bicyclic ring containing 0 to 4 heteroatoms.
  • R is an optionally substituted 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic group containing at least one nitrogen atom and 0 to 1 additional heteroatoms.
  • R 2 can be, for example, an optionally substituted morpholinyl group, an optionally substituted piperazinyl group, or an optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl group.
  • R 2 is NR 7 R 8 , and R 2 is selected from the groups listed as Set 2a: Set 2a:
  • R 2 is selected from the groups listed as Set 2b:
  • the SO 2 R 2 group is at position 3 of the phenyl ring. In another embodiment, the SO 2 R 2 group is at position 4 of the phenyl ring such that the compound is a compound of formula II: ⁇
  • R 3 is an optionally substituted phenyl group. Preferred substituents for this embodiment include alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, hydroxy, and NR 7 R 8 where R 7 is COR 9 and R 8 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, R 3 is selected from the groups listed as Set 3a:
  • R is an optionally substituted thienyl group.
  • Preferred substituents for this embodiment include hydrogen (i.e., an unsubstituted thienyl group), bromo, and methyl.
  • R 3 is selected from the groups listed as Set 3b:
  • R is selected from the groups listed as Set 3c: Set 3c:
  • R 5 is hydrogen or methyl. In a preferred embodiment, R 5 is hydrogen.
  • R 6 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, chloro, methoxy, NH 2 , or trifluoromethyl. In a preferred embodiment, R 6 is hydrogen.
  • Exemplary compounds of the present invention include the following compounds and salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof:
  • salts of the compounds of formula I may enable salts of the compounds to be formed.
  • Suitable salts include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, for example acid addition salts derived from inorganic or organic acids, and salts derived from inorganic and organic bases.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a salt formed from an acid and a basic nitrogen group of a pharmaceutically active agent.
  • Illustrative salts include, but are not limited, to sulfate; citrate, acetate; oxalate; chloride; bromide; iodide; nitrate; bisulfate; phosphate; acid phosphate; isonicotinate; lactate; salicylate; acid citrate; tartrate; oleate; tannate; pantothenate; bitartrate; ascorbate; succinate; maleate; gentisinate; fumarate; gluconate; glucaronate; saccharate; formate; benzoate; glutamate; methanesulfonate; ethanesulfonate; benzenesulfonate; p-toluenesulfonate; pamoate (i.e., 1,1 '-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)); and salts of fatty acids such as caproate, laurate, myristate, palmitate,
  • phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable salt” also refers to a salt prepared from a pharmaceutically active agent having an acidic functional group, such as a carboxylic acid functional group, and a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic base.
  • Suitable bases include, but are not limited to, hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium; hydroxides of alkaline earth metal such as calcium and magnesium; hydroxides of other metals, such as aluminum and zinc; ammonia, and organic amines, such as unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted mono-, di-, or trialkylarnines; dicyclohexylamine; tributyl amine; pyridine; N-methyl,N-ethylamine; diethylamine; triethylamine; mono-, bis-, or tris-(2-hydroxy-lower alkyl amines), such as mono-, bis-, or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2- hydroxy-tert-but
  • Acid addition salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, alkylsulphonates, e.g. methanesulphonates, ethanesulphonates, or isethionates, arylsulphonates, e.g. p-toluenesulphonates, besylates or napsylates, phosphates, sulphates, hydrogen sulphates, acetates, trifluoroacetates, propionates, citrates, maleates, fumarates, malonates, succinates, lactates, oxalates, tartrates and benzoates.
  • Salts derived from inorganic or organic bases include alkali metal salts such as sodium or potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium or calcium salts, and organic amine salts such as morpholine, piperidine, dimethylamine or diethylamine salts.
  • Particularly useful salts of compounds according to the invention include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, especially acid addition pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • the present invention provides processes for making a compound of formula I as defined above. The present invention also encompasses intermediates of these processes. Throughout the description of the processes, the numbered R groups are defined above with respect to formula I, and generic (not numbered) R groups represent independent substituents as described above.
  • the compounds shown in the Figures are numbered by figure number and, where appropriate, a parenthetical note designating the corresponding general structure is also included.
  • the term "reacting” includes, but is not limited to, adding, stirring, heating, heating to reflux, dissolving, titurating, and any combination thereof.
  • One skilled in the art would appreciate the meaning of reacting given the reaction components and given the examples provided herein.
  • the processes preferably include a step of isolating the compound of formula I.
  • the present invention provides methods for preparing a compound of formula I by reacting an enaminone and a guanidine (Scheme 1).
  • an enaminone of formula G-I is reacted with a guanidine of formula G-2 in the presence of l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP).
  • Scheme 1 :
  • the reaction is conducted in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide.
  • a base such as potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide.
  • the enaminone G-I can be prepared by any method known in the art, such as the reaction of an acetyl derivative with an acetal, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, or tert-butoxybis(dimethylamino)methane. See Figure 1.
  • the guanidine G-2 can be prepared by reacting an amine of formula G-3 with cyanamide or 1-H-pyrazole-l-carboximidine. See also Figure 1.
  • the guanidine G-2 can be prepared by reacting a halogenated sulfonamide of formula G-4 with guanidine. See Figure 2. halogen.
  • the SO 2 R 2 group is added after the formation of the pyrimidine.
  • This method includes the steps of: reacting an enaminone G-I with a guanidine derivative of formula 3-1 and NMP to form a pyrimidine; reacting the pyrimidine with chlorosulfonic acid to form a sulfonyl chloride of formula 3-3; and reacting the sulfonyl chloride 3-3 with an amine having the formula HNR 7 R 8 to form a compound of formula I. See Figure 3.
  • the present invention provides methods for preparing a compound of formula I by halogen displacement (Scheme 2).
  • the Scheme 2 reactions can be conducted in a solvent, preferably dioxane.
  • R 3 is an optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted thienyl group.
  • an amine G-3 is reacted with a halogenated pyrimidine of formula G-5.
  • the halogen of the halogenated pyrimidine is chlorine.
  • the reaction is conducted in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid.
  • a halogenated sulfonamide of formula G-4 is reacted with a pyrimidine of formula G-6.
  • the halogen of the halogenated sulfonamide is bromine.
  • the reaction includes a step of adding sodium tert- butoxide (NaOtBu).
  • the reaction is preferably conducted in the presence of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd 2 dba 3 ) and 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'- binaphthyl (BINAP).
  • the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions are prepared in accordance with acceptable pharmaceutical procedures, such as described in Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th edition, ed. Alfonoso R. Gennaro, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa. (1985).
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those that are compatible with the other ingredients in the formulation and biologically acceptable.
  • the present invention provides a method of inhibiting kinase action, especially IKK, by providing one or more compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
  • Providing includes, but is not limited to, administration by pharmaceutical acceptable methods and routes of administration known by one of skill in the art.
  • Providing also means exposing to or contacting with.
  • Compounds of the present invention are useful to inhibit kinase activity, particularly IKK. Inhibiting includes total inhibition as well as decreasing or reducing.
  • compounds of the present invention are believed to inhibit the ability of the IKK complex to phosphorylate IKB. AS such, NF- ⁇ B is not released and does not enter the nucleus to activate transcription.
  • a binding assay demonstrates that compounds of the present invention affect the association of IKK ⁇ and I ⁇ B ⁇ .
  • the binding assay is performed by contacting compounds of the present invention with IKK ⁇ enzyme and I ⁇ B ⁇ substrate and then detecting whether the compound inhibits association of IKK ⁇ and I ⁇ B ⁇ .
  • Compounds of the present invention that inhibit the association of IKK ⁇ and I ⁇ B ⁇ may inhibit the ability of IKK to phosphorylate IKB and as such may inhibit the release of NF- ⁇ B and the transcription of NF- ⁇ B controlled genes.
  • the present invention also provides a method of inhibiting kinase activity, especially IKK, in a mammal, especially a human, by administering a kinase-inhibiting amount, especially an IKK-inhibiting amount, of a compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • Administering includes all pharmaceutical acceptable methods and routes of administration known by one of skill in the art.
  • one embodiment provides a method of treating a kinase-dependent condition, such as an IKK dependent condition, comprising administering to a subject a kinase- inhibiting amount, such as an IKK-inhibiting amount, of a compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • Kinase-dependent conditions include, but are not limited to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, transplant rejection, graft versus host disease, hyperproliferative disorders such as tumors, psoriasis, pannus formation in rheumatoid arthritis, restenosis following angioplasty and atherosclerosis, osteoporosis and in diseases in which cells receive pro-inflammatory signals such as asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and pancreatitis.
  • autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus
  • transplant rejection transplant rejection
  • graft versus host disease hyperproliferative disorders
  • hyperproliferative disorders such as tumors, psoriasis, pannus formation in rheumatoid arthritis, restenosis following angioplasty and atherosclerosis, osteoporosis and
  • the pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of the present invention may inhibit kinase activity, particularly IKK.
  • Kinase inhibition would in turn inhibit the downstream expression of genes responsible for kinase-dependent conditions such as inflammation and cancer.
  • IKK inhibits the activation of NF- ⁇ B, which in turn reduces expression of NF- ⁇ B dependent genes.
  • pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds that inhibit IKK may be useful to treat inflammation and cancer.
  • the present invention also provides methods of treating diseases associated with NF-
  • Treating includes, but is not limited to, complete treatment, where no symptoms are seen, as well as reducing symptoms and ameliorating symptoms.
  • Treating includes, but is not limited to, complete treatment, where no symptoms are seen, as well as reducing symptoms and ameliorating symptoms.
  • the phrase "treating,” “treatment of,” and the like includes the amelioration or cessation of a specified condition.
  • Diseases associated with NF- ⁇ B activation include, but are not limited to inflammatory disorders; particularly rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma; dermatosis, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis; autoimmune diseases; tissue and organ rejection; Alzheimer's disease; stroke; epilepsy; Parkinson's disease, atherosclerosis; restenosis; cancer, including Hodgkins disease; and certain viral infections, including AIDS; osteoarthritis; osteoporosis; and Ataxia Telangiestasia.
  • the present invention provides methods of treating cancer by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • Cancer includes an abnormal growth of cells, which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some cases, to metastasize (spread).
  • Treating cancer encompasses, but is not limited to inhibiting or reducing tumor cell proliferation, tumor cell growth, and inhibiting tumorigenesis.
  • Cancer includes, but is not limited to cancer of the colon, rectum, prostate, liver, lung, bronchus, pancreas, brain, head, neck, stomach, skin, kidney, cervix, blood, larynx, esophagus, testes, urinary bladder, ovary, or uterus.
  • the present invention provides methods of treating an inflammatory or autoimmune condition by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • Treating inflammation encompasses, but is not limited to reducing inflammation and treating an inflammatory condition.
  • Inflammatory and autoimmune conditions include, but are not limited to rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gout, asthma, bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, mucous colitis, ulcerative colitis, diabrotic colitis, Crohn's disease, gastritis, esophagitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis, hives, multiple sclerosis, Lou Gehrig's disease, sepsis, conjunctivitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pur
  • the present invention provides methods of treating a cardiovascular, metabolic, or ischemic condition by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • Cardiovascular, metabolic, and ischemic conditions include, but are not limited to atherosclerosis, restenosis following angioplasty, left ventricular hypertrophy, insulin resistance, Type I diabetes, Type II diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, obesity, polycystic ovarian disease, hypertension, syndrome X, osteoporosis, erectile dysfunction, cachexia, myocardial infraction, ischemic diseases of heart kidney, liver, and brain, organ transplant rejection, graft versus host disease, endotoxin shock, and multiple organ failure.
  • the present invention provides methods of treating an infectious disease, particularly a viral infection, by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • Viral infections include, but are not limited to those caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilomavirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, and Epstein-Barr virus.
  • the present invention provides methods of treating a pre- or post-menopausal condition by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used to treat osteoporosis. Treating osteoporosis includes preventing osteoporosis as well as combating the existing condition.
  • the present invention also provides methods of inhibition and treatment further comprising administering an additional inhibitor of a protein kinase of the NF- ⁇ B pathway.
  • Inhibitors of a protein kinase of the NF- ⁇ B pathway include, but are not limited to IKK inhibitors and GSK-3 inhibitors.
  • IKK inhibitors include, but are not limited to heterocyclic carboxamides, substituted benzimidazoles, substituted indoles, ⁇ -carbolines such as PS-1145, SPC0023579, SPC839/AS602868 (AS2868), NVPIKK004, and NVPIKK005.
  • GSK-3 inhibitors include, but are not limited to maleimides such as SB410111, SB495052, SB517955, SB216763, SB415286, diamino-l,2,4-triazole carboxylic acid derivatives and 2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrole-2,5,-dione derivatives, diaminothiazoles, bicyclic compounds, pyrazine derivatives, pyrimidine- or pyridine derivatives, and purine derivatives such as CT 98014, CT98023, CT99021, 2-amino-3-(alkyl)-pyrimidone derivatives, lH-imidazol-4-amine derivatives, and 3-indolyl-4-phenyl-lH-pyrrole-2,5-dione derivatives.
  • maleimides such as SB410111, SB495052, SB517955, SB216763, SB415286, diamino-l,2,4-triazole carboxylic acid derivatives and 2,5-di
  • compositions of the present invention may comprise the compound of the present invention alone or in combination with other kinase-inhibiting compounds or chemotherapeutic agents.
  • Chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to exemestane, formestane, anastrozole, letrozole, fadrozole, taxane and derivatives such as paclitaxel or docetaxel, encapsulated taxanes, CPT-11, camptothecin derivatives, anthracycline glycosides, e.g., doxorubicin, idarubicin, epirubicin, etoposide, navelbine, vinblastine, carboplatin, cisplatin, estramustine, celecoxib, tamoxifen, raloxifen, Sugen SU-
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may contain one or more excipients. Excipients are added to the composition for a variety of purposes. Diluents increase the bulk of a solid pharmaceutical composition, and may make a pharmaceutical dosage form containing the composition easier for the patient and caregiver to handle. Diluents for solid compositions include, for example, microcrystalline cellulose (e.g.
  • Avicel ® microfme cellulose, lactose, starch, pregelatinized starch, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, sugar, dextrates, dextrin, dextrose, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, tribasic calcium phosphate, kaolin, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, maltodextrin, mannitol, polymethacrylates (e.g. Eudragit ® ), potassium chloride, powdered cellulose, sodium chloride, sorbitol and talc.
  • Solid pharmaceutical compositions that are compacted into a dosage form, such as a tablet may include excipients whose functions include helping to bind the active ingredient and other excipients together after compression.
  • Binders for solid pharmaceutical compositions include acacia, alginic acid, carbomer (e.g. carbopol), carboxymethylcellulose sodium, dextrin, ethyl cellulose, gelatin, guar gum, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose (e.g. Klucel ® ), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (e.g.
  • Methocel ® liquid glucose, magnesium aluminum silicate, maltodextrin, methylcellulose, polymethacrylates, povidone (e.g. Kollidon ® , Plasdone ® ), pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate and starch.
  • povidone e.g. Kollidon ® , Plasdone ®
  • pregelatinized starch sodium alginate and starch.
  • the dissolution rate of a compacted solid pharmaceutical composition in the patient's stomach may be increased by the addition of a disintegrant to the composition.
  • Disintegrants include alginic acid, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, carboxymethylcellulose sodium (e.g. Ac-Di-Sol ® , Primellose ® ), colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone
  • Glidants can be added to improve the flowability of a non-compacted solid composition and to improve the accuracy of dosing.
  • Excipients that may function as glidants include colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium trisilicate, powdered cellulose, starch, talc and tribasic calcium phosphate.
  • a dosage form such as a tablet is made by the compaction of a powdered composition
  • the composition is subjected to pressure from a punch and dye.
  • Some excipients and active ingredients have a tendency to adhere to the surfaces of the punch and dye, which can cause the product to have pitting and other surface irregularities.
  • a lubricant can be added to the composition to reduce adhesion and ease the release of the product from the dye.
  • Lubricants include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl palmitostearate, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, mineral oil, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, talc and zinc stearate. Flavoring agents and flavor enhancers make the dosage form more palatable to the patient. Common flavoring agents and flavor enhancers for pharmaceutical products that may be included in the composition of the present invention include maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, menthol, citric acid, fumaric acid, ethyl maltol and tartaric acid.
  • Solid and liquid compositions may also be dyed using any pharmaceutically acceptable colorant to improve their appearance and/or facilitate patient identification of the product and unit dosage level.
  • liquid pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention the compound of formula I and any other solid excipients are dissolved or suspended in a liquid carrier such as water, vegetable oil, alcohol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol or glycerin.
  • Liquid pharmaceutical compositions may contain emulsifying agents to disperse uniformly throughout the composition an active ingredient or other excipient that is not soluble in the liquid carrier.
  • Emulsifying agents that may be useful in liquid compositions of the present invention include, for example, gelatin, egg yolk, casein, cholesterol, acacia, tragacanth, chondrus, pectin, methyl cellulose, carbomer, cetostearyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol.
  • Liquid pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may also contain a viscosity enhancing agent to improve the mouth-feel of the product and/or coat the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • a viscosity enhancing agent include acacia, alginic acid bentonite, carbomer, carboxymethylcellulose calcium or sodium, cetostearyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, ethylcellulose, gelatin guar gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, maltodextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol alginate, sodium alginate, sodium starch glycolate, starch tragacanth and xanthan gum.
  • Sweetening agents such as sorbitol, saccharin, sodium saccharin, sucrose, aspartame, fructose, mannitol and invert sugar may be added to improve the taste.
  • Preservatives and chelating agents such as alcohol, sodium benzoate, butylated hydroxy toluene, butylated hydroxyanisole and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid may be added at levels safe for ingestion to improve storage stability.
  • a liquid composition may also contain a buffer such as guconic acid, lactic acid, citric acid or acetic acid, sodium guconate, sodium lactate, sodium citrate or sodium acetate. Selection of excipients and the amounts used may be readily determined by the formulation scientist based upon experience and consideration of standard procedures and reference works in the field.
  • a buffer such as guconic acid, lactic acid, citric acid or acetic acid, sodium guconate, sodium lactate, sodium citrate or sodium acetate.
  • the solid compositions of the present invention include powders, granulates, aggregates and compacted compositions.
  • the dosages include dosages suitable for oral, buccal, rectal, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous), inhalant and ophthalmic administration. The most suitable administration in any given case will depend on the nature and severity of the condition being treated.
  • the dosages may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well-known in the pharmaceutical arts.
  • Dosage forms include solid dosage forms like tablets, powders, capsules, suppositories, sachets, troches and lozenges, as well as liquid syrups, suspensions and elhcirs.
  • the dosage form of the present invention may be a capsule containing the composition, such as a powdered or granulated solid composition of the invention, within either a hard or soft shell.
  • the shell may be made from gelatin and optionally contain a plasticizer such as glycerin and sorbitol, and an opacifying agent or colorant.
  • compositions and dosage forms may be formulated into compositions and dosage forms according to methods known in the art.
  • a composition for tableting or capsule filling may be prepared by wet granulation,- In wet granulation, some or all of the active ingredients and excipients in powder form are blended and then further mixed in the presence of a liquid, typically water, that causes the? powders to clump into granules.
  • the granulate is screened and/or milled, dried and then screened and/or milled to the desired particle size.
  • the granulate may then be tableted, or- other excipients may be added prior to tableting, such as a glidant and/or a lubricant.
  • a tableting composition may be prepared conventionally by dry blending.
  • the blended composition of the actives and excipients may be compacted into a slug or a sheet and then comminuted into compacted granules. The compacted granules may subsequently be compressed into a tablet.
  • a blended composition may be compressed directly into a compacted dosage form using direct compression, techniques.
  • Direct compression produces a more uniform tablet without granules.
  • Excipients that are particularly well suited for direct compression tableting include microcrystalline cellulose, spray dried lactose, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and colloidal silica. The proper use of these and other excipients in direct compression tableting is known to those in the art with experience and skill in particular formulation challenges of direct compression tableting.
  • a capsule filling of the present invention may include any of the aforementioned blends and granulates that were described with reference to tableting, however, they are not subjected to a final tableting step.
  • Methods of administration of a pharmaceutical composition encompassed by the invention are not specifically restricted, and can be administered in various preparations depending on the age, sex, and symptoms of the patient.
  • tablets, pills, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules and capsules may be orally administered.
  • Injection preparations may be administered individually or mixed with injection transfusions such as glucose solutions and amino acid solutions intravenously. If necessary, the injection preparations are administered singly intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Suppositories may be administered into the rectum.
  • the amount of the compound of formula I contained in a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention is not specifically restricted, however, the dose should be sufficient to treat, ameliorate, or reduce the targeted symptoms.
  • the dosage of a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention will depend on the method of use, the age, sex, and condition of the patient.
  • Step 2 A mixture of sulfanilamide (0.86 g, 5 mmol) and 1-H-pyrazole-l- carboxamidine HCl (0.73g, 5 mmol) in 3 mL nitrobenzene is heated to reflux for 2 hrs. The solution is decanted from the solid that is formed. jV-butanol (8 mL), aqueous NaOH solution (0.73 mL 10N), and the crude l-(5-chloro-thiophen-2-yl)-3-dimethylamino-propenone is added to the solid. The reaction is heated to reflux overnight.
  • Exemplary compounds 5-34 can also be synthesized according to this method.
  • HPLC Conditions (Condition A): Hewlett Packard 1100 MSD with ChemStation Software; Xterra C 1S column, 30 mm x 2.1 mm, 5 ⁇ particle size, at 5O 0 C;
  • Solvent A Water (0.02% formic acid buffer);
  • Solvent B Acetonitrile (0.02 % formic acid buffer);
  • Gradient Time 0: 5% B; 0.3 min: 5% B; 3.0 min: 90% B; Hold 90% B 2 min;
  • Flow rate 1.0 niL/min; Detection: 254 run DAD; API-ES Scanning Mode Negative 150-700; Fragmentor 70 mV.
  • Example Ib Preparation of 4-[4-(5-Pyridin-2-ylethvnyl-thiophen-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2- ylamino]-benzenesulfonamide (exemlary compound 35) See Figure 1.
  • Step 1 4-[4-(5-Bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-benzenesulfonamide is prepared by the procedure described in Example Ia.
  • Step 2 A 10 mL glass microwave reaction vessel with stir bar contained palladium acetate (5 mg, 22 ⁇ mol), tri-o-tolylphosphine (13 mg, 44 ⁇ mol), and 4-[4-(5-bromo-thiophen- 2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-benzenesulfonamide (80 mg, 200 ⁇ mol).
  • Anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF) (3.5 mL), 2-ethynylpyridine (46 mg, 450 ⁇ mol), and triethylamine (50 ⁇ L) is added to the reaction vessel.
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • 2-ethynylpyridine 46 mg, 450 ⁇ mol
  • triethylamine 50 ⁇ L
  • the reaction vessel is sealed and heated to 180°C for 660 seconds in a microwave reactor (Emrys Microwave Reactor, personal Chemistry AB, Uppsala, Sweden).
  • the reaction is filtered through celite, concentrated, redissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and purified by reverse phase (RP) HPLC to obtain 10 mg of the title compound.
  • LC/MS data Condition A; molecular ion and retention time: m/z 434 (M+H); 2.52 min.
  • Exemplary compounds 36-38 can also be synthesized according to this method.
  • Example 2 Preparation of A r -[ ⁇ 4-(Morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)phenyl '
  • Step 1 Preparation of 4-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]morpholine To a solution of 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (3.97 g, 20 mmol) in methylene chloride (40 ml), at O 0 C, under nitrogen, with stirring, is added morpholine (4.4 mL, 50 mmol). The mixture is stirred at 0°C for 15 min.
  • Step 2A Preparation of iV-[4-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]guanidine
  • a mixture of 4-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]morpholine (0.25 g, 1 mmol), cesium carbonate (1.30 g, 4 mmol), and guanidine carbonate (1.08 g, 6 mmol) in 2 ml of l-methyl-2- pyrrolidinone (NMP) is stirred at 85 to 9O 0 C for 24 hrs. It is then cooled to room temperature and diluted with ether.
  • Exemplary compounds 40-67 can also be synthesized according to this method.
  • Example 3 Preparation of N-(3-hvdroxypropyl)-4-( ⁇ 4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1pyrimidin- 2-vU amino Vbenzenesulfonamide (exemplary compound 68) See Figure 3.
  • Step 1 Preparation of iV-phenyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2 -amine
  • Step 2 Preparation of 4-( ⁇ 4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2- yl ⁇ amino)benzenesulfonyl chloride
  • a solution of N-phenyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-amine (0.16 g, 0.5 mmol) in 1.5 ml of chlorosulfonic acid is stirred at 65 to 7O 0 C for 1 hr. It is then cooled to room temperature, and added slowly to a stirred mixture of ice and water.
  • Step 3 Preparation of iV-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-( ⁇ 4-[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl ⁇ amino)benzenesulfonamide
  • 4-( ⁇ 4-[4-(trifiuoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2- yl ⁇ amino)benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.10 g, 0.25 mmol)
  • 3- amino-1-propanol (0.19 g, 2.5 mmol) with stirring, at O 0 C.
  • the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and then quenched with water (10 ml).
  • Exemplary compounds 67 can also be synthesized according to this method.
  • Example 4 General experimental for the preparation of 2-anilino-4-aryl/heteroarylpyrimidine primary sulfonamides. See Figure 4.
  • Aniline target molecules of structure (I) may also be prepared using the procedure first outlined by Bredereck (Bredereck, H. et al. Ber., Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1964, 97, 3397).
  • Amines (G-3) can be converted to the corresponding aryl guanidines (G-2) using pyrazole-1- carboxamidine according to the procedure of Bernatowicz (Bernatowicz, M.S. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 2497).
  • the guanidines can be combined with 3 -dimethylamino- 1- aryl/heteroaryl-propenones (G-I), prepared by heating methyl ketones (4-3) with DMF DMA, in the presence of a base such as KOH, NaOH, or Et 3 N, or an acid such as HOAC in hot EtOH or MeOH to give the desired 2-aminopyrimidines (I).
  • G-I 3 -dimethylamino- 1- aryl/heteroaryl-propenones
  • a 0.1 M solution of a methyl ketone is heated at 13O 0 C for 12 h. After cooling to 23 0 C, all volatiles are evaporated. The remaining material is dissolved in a minimum of CH 2 Cl 2 and passed through as short SPE SiO 2 gel cartridge eluting with additional CH 2 Cl 2 . The eluant is concentrated to a minimum volume, and an equal amount of hexanes is added. Cooling to 5 0 C produces crystals of the title compound as a yellow or orange solid.
  • Step 2 Preparation of 2-anilino-4-aryl/heteroarylpyrimidine primary sulfonamides (I) Aniline (1 equiv.) is combined with 1.5 equiv. of lH-pyrazole-1 -carboxamidine hydrochloride as a 0.1 M nitrobenzene solution and heated to 200°C for 6 h. After cooling to 23 °C, 1 equiv. of 3 -dimethylamino- 1 -aryl/heteroaryl-propenone is added followed by 1.25 equiv. of KOH, EtOH (equal volume to that of nitrobenzene) and H 2 O, (1/lOth the volume of EtOH).
  • This mixture is heated at 12O 0 C for 12 h, cooled to 23°C, and evaporated in a Speed- Vac.
  • This crude material is dissolved in 0.5 ml DMSO: 1.5 ml MeCN, filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m GMF, and purified on a Gilson HPLC, using a Phenomenex LUNA C 18 column: 60 mm x 21.20 mm LD. , 5 urn particle size: with ACN/water (containing 0.2% TFA or Et 3 N) gradient elution. The appropriate fractions are analyzed by LC/MS. To isolate the title compound, the pure fractions are combined and the solvent is evaporated in a Speed- Vac.
  • Exemplary compounds 1, 4, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18-29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 69, and 70 can be synthesized according to this method.
  • HPLC Conditions Instrument - Agilent 1100; Column: Keystone Aquasil Cl 8 (as above); Mobile Phase A: 10 mM NH 4 OAC in 95% water / 5% CAN; Mobile Phase B: 10 niM NH 4 OAC in 5% water / 95% CAN; Flow Rate: 0.800 ml/min; Column Temperature: 4O 0 C; Injection Volume: 5 ul; UV: monitor 215, 230, 254, 280, and 300nm; Purity is reported at 254nm unless otherwise noted.
  • Example 5 The enamino is added to a solution of the substituted guanidine in NMP, and the mixture is heated at 105 °C for 48 hours. The reaction is cooled to room temperature. Water is added, and the aqueous layer is extracted with EtOAc. The solvent is removed by evaporation, and the residue is purified by pre-plate with DCM/EtOAc/MeOH (8:8:1).
  • Exemplary compounds 45-66 and 89-92 can be synthesized according to this method.
  • Exemplary compounds 104, 107, 125, 129, 219, 294, 295, 296, 297 can also be synthesized according to this method.
  • Exemplary compounds 243-244 can also be synthesized according to this method.
  • Example 6 Preparation of 4-rf4- ⁇ 4-r(lE)-3-hvdroxyprop-l-en-l-yl]phenyl)pyrimidin-2- yl)amino]benzenesulfbnamide (Exemplary compound 272) See Figures 6a and 6b.
  • Step 1 Tert-Butyl(dimethyl) ⁇ [(2E)-3 -(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1 ,3 ,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)prop-2-en- 1 -yl]oxy ⁇ silane
  • tert-butyl-dimethyl-prop-2-ynyloxy-silane 3.00 g, 17.6 mmol
  • 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,2,3-dioxaborolane (2.80 ml, 2.50 g, 19.4 mmol
  • bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium (IV) chloride hydride 0.454 g, 1.76 mmol
  • triethylamine (0.250 ml, 0.178 g, 1.76 mmol).
  • Step 3 4-[(4- ⁇ 4-[(lE)-3-hydroxyprop-l-en-l-yl]phenyl ⁇ pyrimidin-2- yl)amino]benzenesulfonamide
  • a vial is charged with the anilino-pyrimidine, N,N-diethyl aniline, and NMP. The mixture is cooled to 0°C, and acyl chloride is added. The reaction is warmed to room temperature and stirred for 4 hours. Water is added, and the precipitate is washed with ether, DCM.
  • Exemplary compounds 221-225 can be synthesized according to this method.
  • the aldehyde is dissolved in THF and cooled to 0°C.
  • the amine is added, followed by Na(OAc)3BH, and the reaction is stirred at O 0 C for 15 minutes.
  • HOAc is added dropwise, and the reaction is warmed to room temperature for 3 hours.
  • the reaction is quenched with water.
  • the product is extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with sodium bicarbonate and brine, and purified with EtOAc/MeOH (10:1).
  • Exemplary compounds 132-134, 141, and 143-149 can be synthesized according to this method.
  • Example 9 General experimental for the preparation of 2-anilino-4-aryl/heteroarylpyrimidme sulfonamide secondary and tertiary sulfonamides. See Figure 9.
  • Amino sulfonamides (G-3) can be purchased commercially or prepared by the process depicted in Figure 9: nitrobenzenesulfonyl chlorides (9-1) can be converted to the corresponding sulfonamides (9-2) via reaction with HNR 7 R 8 in an amine solvent such as pyridine or in a polar aprotic solvent such as CH 2 Cl 2 or THF in the presence of a hindered amine base such as /-Pr 2 NEt or Et 3 N and DMAP.
  • an amine solvent such as pyridine
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as CH 2 Cl 2 or THF
  • a hindered amine base such as /-Pr 2 NEt or Et 3 N and DMAP.
  • nitrobenzenesulfonamides (9-2) can be reduced to the corresponding amines using conditions such as 10% Pd/C, NH 4 HCO 2 , MeOH, or SnCl 2 -H 2 O, EtOH, heat or Fe, HCl, EtOH, H 2 O, heat.
  • Step 1 Preparation of Substituted-4-nitro-benzenesulfonamides (9-2) 1.25 eq of /-Pr 2 NEt, 0.1 equiv. of DMAP 5 and 1.25 equiv. of amine is added to 1 equiv. of 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride as a 0.1 M solution in CH 2 Cl 2 . This mixture is stirred at 23 0 C until judged complete by TLC. After quenching with sat. NaHCO 3 solution and separating the organic and aqueous layers, the organic layer is evaporated to yield nearly pure 4-nitrobenzenesulfonamides as off-white to colorless solids (Yield range: 56-100% yields).
  • Step 2 Preparation of 4-amino-benzenesulfonamide secondary and tertiary sulfonamides (G-3) 0.1 wt. equiv. of 10% Pd/C and 5 equiv. of ammonium formate is added to 1 eq of a
  • Step 3 Preparation of 2-chloro-4-aryl/heteroaryl-pyrimidine (G-5)
  • a -30 0 C solution of a Ar/HetLi (10.66 mmol, 1.08 eq, generated via deprotonation of Li for Br exchange) in 20 ml Of Et 2 O is added portion wise a suspension of 2- chloropyrimidine (9.84 mmol, 1 equiv.) in 20 ml Et 2 O in 2 ml portions over 15 min.
  • the resulting suspension is stirred for 30 min at -30 0 C and at 0 0 C for 60 rnin.
  • Aniline target molecules of structure (I) can be prepared by reacting 2- chloropyrimidine (9-4) with aryl or heteroaryllithiums, prepared by reacting aryl bromides/heteroaryl bromides with a strong base such as «-BuLi, MeLi or PhLi or via deprotonation of aryls/heteroaryls with a strong base such as n-BuLi, IsAeLi, PhLi, LDA, or LiN(TMS) 2 , followed by oxidation with DDQ to give 4-aryl/heteroaryl-2-chloropyrimidines (G-5) according to the procedures of Czarny and Harden.
  • aryl or heteroaryllithiums prepared by reacting aryl bromides/heteroaryl bromides with a strong base such as «-BuLi, MeLi or PhLi or via deprotonation of aryls/heteroaryls with a strong base
  • UV Detector Agilent 1100 Diode Array Detector
  • MS Parameters Mass Range 100 - 1000, Fragmentor 140, Gain EMV 1.0
  • Exemplary compounds 2, 3, 71-79, 86, and 87 can be synthesized according to this method.
  • HPLC Conditions Instrument - Agilent 1100; Column: Keystone Aquasil Cl 8 (as above); Mobile Phase A: 10 niM NH 4 OAC in 95% water / 5% CAN; Mobile Phase B: IO mM NH 4 OAC in 5% water / 95% CAN; Flow Rate: 0.800 ml/min; Column Temperature : 40 °C; Injection Volume: 5 ul; UV: monitor 215, 230, 254, 280, and 300nm; Purity is reported at 254nm unless otherwise noted.
  • Example 10 General experimental for the preparation of 2-NfMe)-anilino-4- aryl/heteroarylpyrimidine sulfonamides. See Figure 10.
  • 4-Methylaminobenzene sulfonamides (10-6) are prepared according to the process depicted in Figure 10.
  • N-methyl acetamide (10-1) can be converted to sulfonyl chloride (10- 2) according to the procedure of Stojanovic (Stojanovic, O. K. et al. Chem. Abstr. 1973, 3902) using neat ClSO 3 H.
  • the sulfonyl chloride is converted to the corresponding sulfonamides (10-3) using amines, NaOAc in EtOH, and NaOH hydrolysis of the acetyl group to produce the desired 4-methylaminobenzene sulfonamides (10-4) according to the procedure of Oinuma (Oinuma, H.
  • N-Methylaminosulfonamide analogs can be prepared according to the process depicted in Figure 10. 4-aryl/heteroaryl-2-chloropyrimidines (10-5) are combined with 4- methylaminobenzene sulfonamides (10-4) in hot dioxane in the presence ofp-TsOH ⁇ 2 O to give the desired N-methylaminosulfonamide sulfonamides (10-6).
  • Step 1 4-(Acetyl-methyl-arnino)-benzenesulfonyl chloride (10-2) (Based on the procedure of O. K. Stojanovic et al. Chem. Abstr. 1973, 78, 3902s.) N-
  • Step 4 The protocol described in Example 9, Step 4 is used except that 4-methylamino- benzenesulfonamides are used in place of primary amino-benzenesulfonamides.
  • Exemplary compounds 80-85 can be synthesized according to this method.
  • HPLC Conditions Instrument - Agilent 1100; Column: KLeystone Aquasil Cl 8 (as above); Mobile Phase A: 10 mM NH 4 OAC in 95% water / 5% CAN; Mobile Phase B: 10 mM NH 4 OAC in 5% water / 95% CAN; Flow Rate: 0.800 ml/min; Column Temperature: 4O 0 C; Injection Volume: 5 ul; UV: monitor 215, 230, 254, 280, and 300nm; Purity is reported at 254nm unless otherwise noted.
  • MS Conditions Instrument: Agilent MSD; Ionization Mode: API-ES; Gas Temperature: 350 C; Drying Gas: 11.0 L/min.; Nebulizer Pressure: 55psig; Polarity: 50% positive, 50% negative; VCap: 3000V (positive), 2500V (negative); Fragmentor: 80 (positive), 120 (negative); Mass Range: 100 - lOOOm/z; ThreshoLd: 150; Step size: 0.15; Gain: 1 ; Peak width: 0.15min
  • Example 11 The starting materials are combined in a vial in dioxane and stirred at 90°C overnight, then cooled to the room temperature. 50% NaHCO 3 is added, and the reaction is stirred for 10 minutes. The precipitate is filtered, then dissolved in THF, and purified by pre-plate with THF/MeOH (10:1). See Figure 11. Exemplary compound 184 can be synthesized according to this method.
  • a halogenated (Br) sulfonamide (G-4) is reacted with a pyrimidine (G-6) by adding sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu) in the presence of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd 2 dba 3 ) and 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'-binaphthyl (BINAP).
  • Exemplary compounds 115-118, 123, 127, and 128 can be synthesized according to this method.
  • Example 13 Sodium t-butoxide is added to a stirred suspension of anilino-pyr ⁇ midines, substituted sulfonamides, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)- 1,1 '-binaphthyl in dioxane. The mixture is heated at 80 0 C for 50 hours. The reaction is cooled to room temperature, and the mixture is filtered and washed with THF and MeOH. The solvent is removed by evaporation, and the residue is purified by pre-plate with EtOAc/MeOH (10:l).
  • Exemplary compounds 130, 131, 139, 161-164, 166-169, 171-174, and 299 can be synthesized according to this method.
  • Example 14 Sodium t-butoxide is added to a stirred suspension of anilino-pyrimidines, substituted sulfones, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l '- binaphthyl in dioxane. The mixture is heated at 80°C for 72 hours. The reaction is cooled to room temperature, and the mixture is filtered and washed with THF and MeOH. The solvent is removed by evaporation, and the residue is purified by pre-plate with EtOAc/MeOH (10:1.5).
  • Exemplary compounds 98-103 can be synthesized according to this method.
  • Human IKK ⁇ cDNA is amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction from human placental RNA (CLONTECH) using primers that incorporated the FLAG- epitope at the C terminus of IKK ⁇ .
  • FLAG- IKK ⁇ is inserted into the baculovirus expression plasmid pF ASTB AC (Life Technologies).
  • BAC-TO-BAC Baculovirus Expression System
  • recombinant baculoviruses expressing the IKK ⁇ enzyme are made. Briefly, 9 X 10 5 SF9 cells per well of a 6-well plate are transfected with one ⁇ g of miniprep bacmid DNA using the CeIlFECTIN TM reagent. Virus is harvested 72 hours post transfection, and a viral titer is performed, after which a high titer viral stock (2 x 10 8 pfu/ml) is amplified by three to four rounds of infection.
  • the pellets are thawed on ice and resuspended in cell lysis buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 1 % NP-40, 10% glycerol, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, and protease inhibitor cocktail from Pharmingen).
  • cell lysis buffer 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 1 % NP-40, 10% glycerol, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, and protease inhibitor cocktail from Pharmingen.
  • cell lysis buffer 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 1 % NP-40, 10% glycerol, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, and protease inhibitor cocktail from Pharming
  • the resulting supernatant is loaded onto an anti-FLAG M2 agarose affinity column (Sigma) at 4°C and the column is washed with 60 mL of wash buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 300 mM NaCl 5 10% glycerol, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 1 mM EDTA, and 1 mM PMSF).
  • wash buffer 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 300 mM NaCl 5 10% glycerol, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 1 mM EDTA, and 1 mM PMSF.
  • the FLAG-IKK ⁇ is eluted using 200 ⁇ g/mL Flag peptide (Sigma) in elution buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 100 mMNaCl, 10% glycerol, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, and protease inhibitor cocktail from Pharmingen) in 500 ⁇ L aliquots, which are tested for protein levels using SDS-PAGE followed by Coomassie Blue staining (BioRad). After testing for activity as described below, fractions with high IKK enzyme activity are combined, aliquotted, and stored at -80°C.
  • elution buffer 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 100 mMNaCl, 10% glycerol, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, and protease inhibitor cocktail from Pharmingen
  • LANCE reactions are carried out based upon the suggestions of Wallac/Perkin Elmer.
  • Purified Flag-IKK ⁇ enzyme (2 nM final concentration) is typically used in the kinase reaction buffer described above supplemented with 0.0025% Brij solution (Sigma) to help stabilize the enzyme.
  • Biotinylated substrate I ⁇ B ⁇ (1-54) is synthesized and purified (> 95% pure) and is used at 500 nM final concentration.
  • ATP is used at a final concentration of 2 ⁇ M.
  • the total reaction volumes are 25 ⁇ L and the inhibitor compounds are preincubated with enzyme before substrate and ATP are added. Reactions are conducted for 30 minutes at room temperature in black, low binding plates (Dynex).
  • HeIa cells are plated at 6- well plate for 24 hours and treated with compounds for 30 min before the addition of TNF ⁇ (10 ng/ml). After one hour, HeIa cells are harvested in MPER reagent (Pierce, Rockford, IL) containing 400 mM NaCl. Protein from all samples is quantified by the Bradford method. Cell lysates containing 30 ⁇ g of protein are electrophoresed on a 12% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred to a PVDF membrane using a Bio Rad liquid transfer apparatus. The PVDF membrane is incubated in TBST (TBS with 0.1% Tween-20) with 3% milk for 15 minutes before the addition of the first antibody, mouse anti- I ⁇ B ⁇ (Santa Cruz).
  • the PVDF membrane is washed 3 times with TBST and incubated with secondary antibodies coupled with horseradish peroxidase (Transduction Labs) for one hour.
  • the PVDF membrane is then washed 3 times with TBST and protein is detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection system (Pierce).

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Abstract

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are defined herein.

Description

N-BΞNZENESULFONYL SUBSTITUTED ANILINO- PYRIMIDINE ANALOGS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/617,668 filed October 13, 2004.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to anilino-pyrimidine analogs that are useful for inhibiting kinase activity.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcriptional factor that regulates the expression of important genes related to cell survival. Activation of NF-κB is central to inflammatory response because it regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). TNF-α not only induces inflammation, but also acts as a survival factor for many cancers and can stimulate the production of angiogenic factors. TNF-α has been found in ovarian, breast, prostate, bladder, and colorectal cancer as well as in lymphomas and leukemias. The role of NF-κB in cancer has been further illuminated by research showing that NF -KB promotes tumorigenesis by suppressing apoptosis and stimulating cell proliferation. Haefner, B. (2002) "NF-κB: arresting a major culprit in cancer," Drug Discovery Today, 7, 653-663. Because of the role of NF-κB in tumorigenesis and inflammation, NF-κB inhibitors may prove useful as anti-cancer and anti-inflammation therapeutic agents. The primary form of NF-κB is retained in the cytoplasm of resting cells by IKB, an inhibitor of NF-κB. NF-κB is activated by stimulation of a cellular kinase complex known as IKB kinase ("IKK") complex, comprising subunits IKKα, β, and γ. Upon stimulation by, for example, a toxin, a cytokine (such as TNF-α), or ionizing radiation, IKK phosphorylates IKB and triggers ubiquitination-dependent degradation through the proteasome pathway. With IKB destroyed, NF-κB is free to enter the nucleus and activate transcription. Hu, M. (2004) "IKB Kinase Promotes Tumorigenesis through Inhibition of Forkhead FOXO3a," Cell, 117, 225-237. Haefner, B. (2002) "NF-κB: arresting a major culprit in cancer," Drug Discovery Today, !, 653-663.
Aberrant expression of IKK has been correlated with activation of NF-κB and, in turn, tumorigenesis and cell proliferation. High IKK levels may also promote tumorigenesis by negatively regulating other transcription factors, such as FOXO factors. Hu, M. (2004) "IKB Kinase Promotes Tumorigenesis through Inhibition of Forkhead FOXCβa," Cell, 117, 225- 237. Thus, inhibiting IKK may inhibit cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Other anilino- pyrimidine derivatives have been shown to inhibit inappropriately high kinase activity. See, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6,048,866. However, there remains a need for agents that selectively inhibit kinase activity, including IKK. The present invention fulfills this need.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of formula I:
Figure imgf000004_0001
I wherein: R1 is hydrogen;
R2 is selected from the group consisting OfNR7R8, guanidinyl, ureido, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, hydroxy, and alkoxy;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; optionally substituted phenyl; an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring with 1 to 4 heteroatoms, provided that the heteroaryl ring is not pyridine, furan, isoxazole, pyrazole, triazole, imidazole, or thiazole; a benzene ring fused to a 4 to 8 membered ring containing 0 to 4 heteroatoms, interrupted by 0 to 2 of the groups C=O, SO, or SO2, and optionally substituted; an optionally substituted monocyclic or polycylic ring containing 0 to 4 heteroatoms; optionally substituted alkenyl; optionally substituted alkynyl; -NR7R8; -COOR9; -CONR7R8; and -SO2R10; R4 is hydrogen;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, and alkylaminomethyl;
R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen; optionally substituted phenyl; an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring with 1 to 4 heteroatoms; a benzene ring fused to a 4 to 8 membered ring containing 0 to 4 heteroatoms, interrupted by 0 to 2 of the groups C=O, SO, or SO2, and optionally substituted; an optionally substituted monocyclic or polycylic ring containing 0 to 4 heteroatoms; -NR7R8; -COOR9; -CONR7R8; -SO2R10; optionally substituted alkyl; optionally substituted alkenyl; optionally substituted alkynyl; hydroxy; alkoxy; OR7; and SR7;
R7 and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; optionally substituted alkyl; optionally substituted alkenyl; optionally substituted alkynyl; optionally substituted aryl; optionally substituted heteroaryl; hydroxy; alkoxy; alkylamino; arylamino; heteroarylamino; -NCOR9; -COR9; -CONR7R8; SO2R10; optionally substituted 3 to 10 membered cyclic amines containing O to 3 heteroatoms; optionally, R and R together form an optionally substituted 3 to 12 membered monocyclic or bicyclic ring containing O to 4 heteroatoms;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl; R10 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and NR7R8; and the salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides preferred substituents and specific compounds of formula I. In another embodiment, the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of inhibiting kinase action, especially IKK, in a cell by providing a compound of the present invention. The present invention also provides a method of inhibiting kinase activity, especially IKK, in a mammal, especially a human, by administering a compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. The present invention also provides a method of treating a kinase-dependent condition, especially inflammation or cancer, by administering a compound of the present invention.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides methods of treating diseases associated with NF-κB activation by administering a compound of the present invention.
In other embodiments, the present invention provides methods of treating cancer; inflammatory or autoimmune conditions; cardiovascular, metabolic, or ischemic conditions; infectious diseases, particularly viral infections; as well as pre- or post-menopausal conditions, particularly osteoporosis, by administering a compound of the present invention.
The present invention also provides methods further comprising administering an additional inhibitor of a protein kinase of the NF-κB pathway. In another embodiment, the present invention provides processes for making a compound of formula I as defined above. The present invention also encompasses intermediates of these processes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figures 1 -8 depict exemplary guanidine and enaminone reactions. Figures 9-14 depict exemplary halogen displacement reactions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to anilino-pyrimidine analogs, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods using the same. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of formula I:
Figure imgf000006_0001
I wherein:
R1 is hydrogen;
R is selected from the group consisting of NR R , guanidinyl, ureido, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, hydroxy, and alkoxy;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; optionally substituted phenyl; an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring with 1 to 4 heteroatoms, provided that the heteroaryl ring is not pyridine, furan, isoxazole, pyrazole, triazole, imidazole, or thiazole; a benzene ring fused to a 4 to 8 membered ring containing 0 to 4 heteroatoms, interrupted by 0 to 2 of the groups C=O, SO, or SO2, and optionally substituted; an optionally substituted monocyclic or polycylic ring containing O to 4 heteroatoms; optionally substituted alkenyl; optionally substituted alkynyl; -NR7R8; -COOR9; -CONR7R8; and -SO2R10;
R4 is hydrogen; R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, and alkylaminomethyl;
R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen; optionally substituted phenyl; an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring with 1 to 4 heteroatoms; a benzene ring fused to a 4 to 8 membered ring containing O to 4 heteroatoms, interrupted by O to 2 of the groups C=O, SO, or SO2, and optionally substituted; an optionally substituted monocyclic or polycylic ring containing O to 4 heteroatoms; -NR7R8; -COOR9; -CONR7R8; -SO2R10; optionally substituted alkyl; optionally substituted alkenyl; optionally substituted alkynyl; hydroxy; alkoxy; OR7; and SR7;
R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; optionally substituted alkyl; optionally substituted alkenyl; optionally substituted alkynyl; optionally substituted aryl; optionally substituted heteroaryl; hydroxy; alkoxy; alkylamino; arylamino; heteroarylamino; -NCOR9; -COR9; -CONR7R8; SO2R10; optionally substituted 3 to 10 membered cyclic amines containing O to 3 heteroatoms; optionally, R7 and R8 together form an optionally substituted 3 to 12 membered monocyclic or bicyclic ring containing O to 4 heteroatoms;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
R10 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and NR7R8; and the salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof.
In some embodiments, the R groups of the present invention are optionally substituted. Unless otherwise specified, optionally substituted means having zero, one, or more than one substituents. Unless otherwise specified, substituted means having one or more substituents. Substituents include hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkylamino, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkanoyl, carbonyl, carbamoyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, thioyl, -COOR9, -CONR7R8, NR7R8 (including cyclic amines as described below), SR7, and -SO2R10. When the substituted group is aryl or heteroaryl, the substituents further include methyl groups and optionally substituted C2-Io straight, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl groups. The substituents on the R groups can also be optionally substituted.
Exemplary halogens include, but are not limited to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Unless otherwise specified, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups have 1 to 10 carbon atoms and may be straight, branched, or cyclic.
Alkyl means a straight chain or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic hydrocarbon.
Alkenyl means a straight chain or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms and including at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Alkynyl means a straight chain or branched hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms and including at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
Heteroatom means an atom selected from nitrogen, which can be quatemized; oxygen; and sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone.
Alkoxy means a group -OR, wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group which can optionally be substituted with one or more functional groups.
Hydroxy means -OH.
Carbonyl means carbon bonded to oxygen with a double bond, i.e., C=O.
Amino means the -NH2 group.
Hydrates are solid compounds containing water molecules combined in a definite ratio as an integral part of the crystal.
Solvates are solid compounds containing solvent molecules combined in a definite ratio as an integral part of the crystal. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to phenyl and naphthyl groups.
Heteroaryl means an aromatic heterocycle ring, including both mono- bi- and tricyclic ring systems, wherein at least one carbon atom of ring sytem is replaced with a heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thienyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, triazinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrrole, pyrazinyl, and thiazolyl groups. Examples of heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to saturated or partially saturated heteroaryls, including but not limited to pyrazoline, oxazolone, thiazolone, thiadiazolone, piperazine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, benzoimidazolone, benzoxazolone, benzodioxazol, benzodioxazolone, benzo[l,4]oxazin-3-one, 3,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2-one, benzo[l,4]dioxene-2-one, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline. Examples of a benzene ring fused to a heterocyclic ring include, but are not limited to benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dihydrobenzofuran, dihydrobenzopyran, benzoxazolidinone, benzimidazolinone, benzooxazinone, indole, isoindole, benzothiophene, quinoline, and isoquinoline. Unless otherwise specified, the heteroaryl and heterocyclic groups contain one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen.
In one embodiment, R2 is selected from the group consisting OfNR7R8, optionally substituted imidazolyl, and optionally substituted alkyl. In a preferred embodiment, R2 is
NR R , and R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, amino and alkylamino (including cyclic amines), alkylhydroxy, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, heteroaryl, and COR9 where R9 is alkyl or aralkyl. In a preferred embodiment, R2 is NH2, -(dimethylamino)ethyl, or -(dimethylamino)propyl.
In another embodiment, R7 and R8 together form an optionally substituted 3 to 12 membered monocyclic or bicyclic ring containing 0 to 4 heteroatoms. In one embodiment, R is an optionally substituted 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic group containing at least one nitrogen atom and 0 to 1 additional heteroatoms. R2 can be, for example, an optionally substituted morpholinyl group, an optionally substituted piperazinyl group, or an optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl group.
In one embodiment, R2 is NR7R8, and R2 is selected from the groups listed as Set 2a: Set 2a:
-(dimethylamino)ethyl -(dimethylamino)propyl
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0002
Figure imgf000010_0004
Figure imgf000010_0003
Figure imgf000010_0005
Figure imgf000010_0006
Figure imgf000010_0008
Figure imgf000010_0007
Figure imgf000010_0009
Figure imgf000011_0001
In another embodiment, R2 is selected from the groups listed as Set 2b:
Set 2b:
Figure imgf000011_0002
Figure imgf000011_0003
In one embodiment, the SO2R2 group is at position 3 of the phenyl ring. In another embodiment, the SO2R2 group is at position 4 of the phenyl ring such that the compound is a compound of formula II:
Figure imgf000012_0001
π
In one embodiment, R3 is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted phenyl, an optionally substituted thienyl, an optionally substituted pyrazinyl, an optionally substituted pyrrolyl, a naphthyl group, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene, and a benzene ring fused to a 5 to 7 membered ring containing 1 to 2 heteroatoms, optionally interrupted by a C=O group, and optionally substituted.
In one embodiment, R3 is an optionally substituted phenyl group. Preferred substituents for this embodiment include alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, hydroxy, and NR7R8 where R7 is COR9 and R8 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, R3 is selected from the groups listed as Set 3a:
Set 3a:
Figure imgf000012_0002
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0002
Figure imgf000014_0001
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000015_0002
Figure imgf000015_0003
Figure imgf000015_0004
In one embodiment, R is an optionally substituted thienyl group. Preferred substituents for this embodiment include hydrogen (i.e., an unsubstituted thienyl group), bromo, and methyl. In one embodiment, R3 is selected from the groups listed as Set 3b:
Set 3b:
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0002
In another embodiment, R is selected from the groups listed as Set 3c: Set 3c:
Figure imgf000017_0001
In one embodiment, R5 is hydrogen or methyl. In a preferred embodiment, R5 is hydrogen.
In one embodiment, R6 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, chloro, methoxy, NH2, or trifluoromethyl. In a preferred embodiment, R6 is hydrogen.
Exemplary compounds of the present invention include the following compounds and salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof:
Figure imgf000017_0002
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000019_0001
Figure imgf000020_0001
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000023_0001
Figure imgf000024_0001
Figure imgf000025_0001
Figure imgf000026_0001
Figure imgf000027_0001
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000029_0001
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000031_0001
Figure imgf000032_0001
Figure imgf000033_0001
The presence of certain substituents in the compounds of formula I may enable salts of the compounds to be formed. Suitable salts include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, for example acid addition salts derived from inorganic or organic acids, and salts derived from inorganic and organic bases. The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable salt," as used herein, is a salt formed from an acid and a basic nitrogen group of a pharmaceutically active agent. Illustrative salts include, but are not limited, to sulfate; citrate, acetate; oxalate; chloride; bromide; iodide; nitrate; bisulfate; phosphate; acid phosphate; isonicotinate; lactate; salicylate; acid citrate; tartrate; oleate; tannate; pantothenate; bitartrate; ascorbate; succinate; maleate; gentisinate; fumarate; gluconate; glucaronate; saccharate; formate; benzoate; glutamate; methanesulfonate; ethanesulfonate; benzenesulfonate; p-toluenesulfonate; pamoate (i.e., 1,1 '-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)); and salts of fatty acids such as caproate, laurate, myristate, palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, and linolenate salts. The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" also refers to a salt prepared from a pharmaceutically active agent having an acidic functional group, such as a carboxylic acid functional group, and a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic base. Suitable bases include, but are not limited to, hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium; hydroxides of alkaline earth metal such as calcium and magnesium; hydroxides of other metals, such as aluminum and zinc; ammonia, and organic amines, such as unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted mono-, di-, or trialkylarnines; dicyclohexylamine; tributyl amine; pyridine; N-methyl,N-ethylamine; diethylamine; triethylamine; mono-, bis-, or tris-(2-hydroxy-lower alkyl amines), such as mono-, bis-, or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2- hydroxy-tert-butylamine, or tris-(hydroxymethyl)methylamine, N, N,-di-lower alkyl-N- (hydroxy lower alkyl)-amines} such as N,N,-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, or tri-(2- hydroxyethyl)amine; N-methyl-D-glucamine; and amino acids such as arginine, lysine, and the like.
Acid addition salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, alkylsulphonates, e.g. methanesulphonates, ethanesulphonates, or isethionates, arylsulphonates, e.g. p-toluenesulphonates, besylates or napsylates, phosphates, sulphates, hydrogen sulphates, acetates, trifluoroacetates, propionates, citrates, maleates, fumarates, malonates, succinates, lactates, oxalates, tartrates and benzoates.
Salts derived from inorganic or organic bases include alkali metal salts such as sodium or potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium or calcium salts, and organic amine salts such as morpholine, piperidine, dimethylamine or diethylamine salts. Particularly useful salts of compounds according to the invention include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, especially acid addition pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In another embodiment, the present invention provides processes for making a compound of formula I as defined above. The present invention also encompasses intermediates of these processes. Throughout the description of the processes, the numbered R groups are defined above with respect to formula I, and generic (not numbered) R groups represent independent substituents as described above. The compounds shown in the Figures are numbered by figure number and, where appropriate, a parenthetical note designating the corresponding general structure is also included. The term "reacting" includes, but is not limited to, adding, stirring, heating, heating to reflux, dissolving, titurating, and any combination thereof. One skilled in the art would appreciate the meaning of reacting given the reaction components and given the examples provided herein. The processes preferably include a step of isolating the compound of formula I. In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods for preparing a compound of formula I by reacting an enaminone and a guanidine (Scheme 1). In one embodiment, an enaminone of formula G-I is reacted with a guanidine of formula G-2 in the presence of l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). Scheme 1:
Figure imgf000035_0001
In the exemplary Scheme 1 showed above, the process produces a compound of formula I wherein R2 is NR7R8, and R1, R4, R5 are each hydrogen.
Preferably, the reaction is conducted in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide. The enaminone G-I can be prepared by any method known in the art, such as the reaction of an acetyl derivative with an acetal, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, or tert-butoxybis(dimethylamino)methane. See Figure 1.
The guanidine G-2 can be prepared by reacting an amine of formula G-3 with cyanamide or 1-H-pyrazole-l-carboximidine. See also Figure 1.
Figure imgf000035_0002
Alternatively, the guanidine G-2 can be prepared by reacting a halogenated sulfonamide of formula G-4 with guanidine. See Figure 2. halogen.
Figure imgf000036_0001
In another embodiment of Scheme 1, the SO2R2 group is added after the formation of the pyrimidine. This method includes the steps of: reacting an enaminone G-I with a guanidine derivative of formula 3-1 and NMP to form a pyrimidine; reacting the pyrimidine with chlorosulfonic acid to form a sulfonyl chloride of formula 3-3; and reacting the sulfonyl chloride 3-3 with an amine having the formula HNR7R8 to form a compound of formula I. See Figure 3. In another embodiment, the present invention provides methods for preparing a compound of formula I by halogen displacement (Scheme 2). The Scheme 2 reactions can be conducted in a solvent, preferably dioxane. In a preferred embodiment of Scheme 2 reactions, R3 is an optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted thienyl group. In one embodiment, an amine G-3 is reacted with a halogenated pyrimidine of formula G-5. Preferably, the halogen of the halogenated pyrimidine is chlorine. Preferably, the reaction is conducted in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid.
Figure imgf000036_0002
In another embodiment of Scheme 2, a halogenated sulfonamide of formula G-4 is reacted with a pyrimidine of formula G-6. Preferably, the halogen of the halogenated sulfonamide is bromine. Preferably, the reaction includes a step of adding sodium tert- butoxide (NaOtBu). Also, the reaction is preferably conducted in the presence of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2dba3) and 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'- binaphthyl (BINAP).
Figure imgf000037_0001
In the exemplary Scheme 2's showed above, the process produces a compound of formula I wherein R2 is NR7R8, and R1, R4, R5 are each hydrogen.
Starting materials used are either commercially available or readily prepared by one of ordinary skill in the art. Solvents, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction conditions may be modified be one of ordinary skill in the art. Where appropriate, the methods described herein may be carried out with starting materials, intermediates, and/or reagents bound to a solid support (e.g., see Thompson, L.A., Ellman, J.A., Chemical Reviews, 96, 555- 600 (1996)). In another embodiment, the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Pharmaceutical compositions are prepared in accordance with acceptable pharmaceutical procedures, such as described in Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th edition, ed. Alfonoso R. Gennaro, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa. (1985). Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those that are compatible with the other ingredients in the formulation and biologically acceptable.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of inhibiting kinase action, especially IKK, by providing one or more compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. Providing includes, but is not limited to, administration by pharmaceutical acceptable methods and routes of administration known by one of skill in the art. Providing also means exposing to or contacting with. Compounds of the present invention are useful to inhibit kinase activity, particularly IKK. Inhibiting includes total inhibition as well as decreasing or reducing. Without being bound by theory, by blocking the association of IKKβ and IκBα, compounds of the present invention are believed to inhibit the ability of the IKK complex to phosphorylate IKB. AS such, NF-κB is not released and does not enter the nucleus to activate transcription.
Various assays demonstrate that compounds of the present invention are useful as IKK inhibitors. For example, a binding assay demonstrates that compounds of the present invention affect the association of IKKβ and IκBα. The binding assay is performed by contacting compounds of the present invention with IKKβ enzyme and IκBα substrate and then detecting whether the compound inhibits association of IKKβ and IκBα. Compounds of the present invention that inhibit the association of IKKβ and IκBα may inhibit the ability of IKK to phosphorylate IKB and as such may inhibit the release of NF-κB and the transcription of NF-κB controlled genes.
The present invention also provides a method of inhibiting kinase activity, especially IKK, in a mammal, especially a human, by administering a kinase-inhibiting amount, especially an IKK-inhibiting amount, of a compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Administering includes all pharmaceutical acceptable methods and routes of administration known by one of skill in the art.
Because IKK plays a key role in inflammation, cell growth, and tumorigenesis, compounds that inhibit IKK may be useful as anti-inflammation and anti-cancer agents. Accordingly, one embodiment provides a method of treating a kinase-dependent condition, such as an IKK dependent condition, comprising administering to a subject a kinase- inhibiting amount, such as an IKK-inhibiting amount, of a compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Kinase-dependent conditions, including IKK dependent conditions, include, but are not limited to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, transplant rejection, graft versus host disease, hyperproliferative disorders such as tumors, psoriasis, pannus formation in rheumatoid arthritis, restenosis following angioplasty and atherosclerosis, osteoporosis and in diseases in which cells receive pro-inflammatory signals such as asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and pancreatitis.
The pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of the present invention may inhibit kinase activity, particularly IKK. Kinase inhibition would in turn inhibit the downstream expression of genes responsible for kinase-dependent conditions such as inflammation and cancer. For example, inhibiting IKK inhibits the activation of NF-κB, which in turn reduces expression of NF-κB dependent genes. Because NF-κB dependent genes have been correlated with inflammation and cancer, pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds that inhibit IKK may be useful to treat inflammation and cancer. The present invention also provides methods of treating diseases associated with NF-
KB activation by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Treating includes, but is not limited to, complete treatment, where no symptoms are seen, as well as reducing symptoms and ameliorating symptoms. The phrase "treating," "treatment of," and the like includes the amelioration or cessation of a specified condition. Diseases associated with NF-κB activation include, but are not limited to inflammatory disorders; particularly rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma; dermatosis, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis; autoimmune diseases; tissue and organ rejection; Alzheimer's disease; stroke; epilepsy; Parkinson's disease, atherosclerosis; restenosis; cancer, including Hodgkins disease; and certain viral infections, including AIDS; osteoarthritis; osteoporosis; and Ataxia Telangiestasia.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods of treating cancer by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Cancer includes an abnormal growth of cells, which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some cases, to metastasize (spread). Treating cancer encompasses, but is not limited to inhibiting or reducing tumor cell proliferation, tumor cell growth, and inhibiting tumorigenesis. Cancer includes, but is not limited to cancer of the colon, rectum, prostate, liver, lung, bronchus, pancreas, brain, head, neck, stomach, skin, kidney, cervix, blood, larynx, esophagus, testes, urinary bladder, ovary, or uterus.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides methods of treating an inflammatory or autoimmune condition by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Treating inflammation encompasses, but is not limited to reducing inflammation and treating an inflammatory condition. Inflammatory and autoimmune conditions include, but are not limited to rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gout, asthma, bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, mucous colitis, ulcerative colitis, diabrotic colitis, Crohn's disease, gastritis, esophagitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis, hives, multiple sclerosis, Lou Gehrig's disease, sepsis, conjunctivitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, purpura, nasal polip, lupus erythematosus, conjunctivitis, vernal catarrh, chronic arthrorheumatism, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis (DM), Polyaritis nodoa (PN), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), and Sjoegren's syndrome. In another embodiment, the present invention provides methods of treating a cardiovascular, metabolic, or ischemic condition by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Cardiovascular, metabolic, and ischemic conditions include, but are not limited to atherosclerosis, restenosis following angioplasty, left ventricular hypertrophy, insulin resistance, Type I diabetes, Type II diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, obesity, polycystic ovarian disease, hypertension, syndrome X, osteoporosis, erectile dysfunction, cachexia, myocardial infraction, ischemic diseases of heart kidney, liver, and brain, organ transplant rejection, graft versus host disease, endotoxin shock, and multiple organ failure. In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides methods of treating an infectious disease, particularly a viral infection, by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Viral infections include, but are not limited to those caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilomavirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. In another embodiment, the present invention provides methods of treating a pre- or post-menopausal condition by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In particular, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used to treat osteoporosis. Treating osteoporosis includes preventing osteoporosis as well as combating the existing condition. The present invention also provides methods of inhibition and treatment further comprising administering an additional inhibitor of a protein kinase of the NF-κB pathway. Inhibitors of a protein kinase of the NF-κB pathway include, but are not limited to IKK inhibitors and GSK-3 inhibitors. IKK inhibitors include, but are not limited to heterocyclic carboxamides, substituted benzimidazoles, substituted indoles, β-carbolines such as PS-1145, SPC0023579, SPC839/AS602868 (AS2868), NVPIKK004, and NVPIKK005. GSK-3 inhibitors include, but are not limited to maleimides such as SB410111, SB495052, SB517955, SB216763, SB415286, diamino-l,2,4-triazole carboxylic acid derivatives and 2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrole-2,5,-dione derivatives, diaminothiazoles, bicyclic compounds, pyrazine derivatives, pyrimidine- or pyridine derivatives, and purine derivatives such as CT 98014, CT98023, CT99021, 2-amino-3-(alkyl)-pyrimidone derivatives, lH-imidazol-4-amine derivatives, and 3-indolyl-4-phenyl-lH-pyrrole-2,5-dione derivatives. Haefher, B. (2002) "NF-κB: arresting a major culprit in cancer," Drug Discovery Today, 7, 658.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may comprise the compound of the present invention alone or in combination with other kinase-inhibiting compounds or chemotherapeutic agents. Chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to exemestane, formestane, anastrozole, letrozole, fadrozole, taxane and derivatives such as paclitaxel or docetaxel, encapsulated taxanes, CPT-11, camptothecin derivatives, anthracycline glycosides, e.g., doxorubicin, idarubicin, epirubicin, etoposide, navelbine, vinblastine, carboplatin, cisplatin, estramustine, celecoxib, tamoxifen, raloxifen, Sugen SU-
5416, Sugen SU-6668, and Herceptin.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may contain one or more excipients. Excipients are added to the composition for a variety of purposes. Diluents increase the bulk of a solid pharmaceutical composition, and may make a pharmaceutical dosage form containing the composition easier for the patient and caregiver to handle. Diluents for solid compositions include, for example, microcrystalline cellulose (e.g.
Avicel®), microfme cellulose, lactose, starch, pregelatinized starch, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, sugar, dextrates, dextrin, dextrose, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, tribasic calcium phosphate, kaolin, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, maltodextrin, mannitol, polymethacrylates (e.g. Eudragit®), potassium chloride, powdered cellulose, sodium chloride, sorbitol and talc.
Solid pharmaceutical compositions that are compacted into a dosage form, such as a tablet, may include excipients whose functions include helping to bind the active ingredient and other excipients together after compression. Binders for solid pharmaceutical compositions include acacia, alginic acid, carbomer (e.g. carbopol), carboxymethylcellulose sodium, dextrin, ethyl cellulose, gelatin, guar gum, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose (e.g. Klucel®), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (e.g.
Methocel®), liquid glucose, magnesium aluminum silicate, maltodextrin, methylcellulose, polymethacrylates, povidone (e.g. Kollidon®, Plasdone®), pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate and starch.
The dissolution rate of a compacted solid pharmaceutical composition in the patient's stomach may be increased by the addition of a disintegrant to the composition. Disintegrants include alginic acid, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, carboxymethylcellulose sodium (e.g. Ac-Di-Sol®, Primellose®), colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone
(e.g. Kollidon®, Polyplasdone®), guar gum, magnesium aluminum silicate, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polacrilin potassium, powdered cellulose, pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate, sodium starch glycolate (e.g. Explotab®) and starch,
Glidants can be added to improve the flowability of a non-compacted solid composition and to improve the accuracy of dosing. Excipients that may function as glidants include colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium trisilicate, powdered cellulose, starch, talc and tribasic calcium phosphate. When a dosage form such as a tablet is made by the compaction of a powdered composition, the composition is subjected to pressure from a punch and dye. Some excipients and active ingredients have a tendency to adhere to the surfaces of the punch and dye, which can cause the product to have pitting and other surface irregularities. A lubricant can be added to the composition to reduce adhesion and ease the release of the product from the dye. Lubricants include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl palmitostearate, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, mineral oil, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, talc and zinc stearate. Flavoring agents and flavor enhancers make the dosage form more palatable to the patient. Common flavoring agents and flavor enhancers for pharmaceutical products that may be included in the composition of the present invention include maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, menthol, citric acid, fumaric acid, ethyl maltol and tartaric acid.
Solid and liquid compositions may also be dyed using any pharmaceutically acceptable colorant to improve their appearance and/or facilitate patient identification of the product and unit dosage level.
In liquid pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, the compound of formula I and any other solid excipients are dissolved or suspended in a liquid carrier such as water, vegetable oil, alcohol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol or glycerin. Liquid pharmaceutical compositions may contain emulsifying agents to disperse uniformly throughout the composition an active ingredient or other excipient that is not soluble in the liquid carrier. Emulsifying agents that may be useful in liquid compositions of the present invention include, for example, gelatin, egg yolk, casein, cholesterol, acacia, tragacanth, chondrus, pectin, methyl cellulose, carbomer, cetostearyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol.
Liquid pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may also contain a viscosity enhancing agent to improve the mouth-feel of the product and/or coat the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Such agents include acacia, alginic acid bentonite, carbomer, carboxymethylcellulose calcium or sodium, cetostearyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, ethylcellulose, gelatin guar gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, maltodextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol alginate, sodium alginate, sodium starch glycolate, starch tragacanth and xanthan gum. Sweetening agents such as sorbitol, saccharin, sodium saccharin, sucrose, aspartame, fructose, mannitol and invert sugar may be added to improve the taste.
Preservatives and chelating agents such as alcohol, sodium benzoate, butylated hydroxy toluene, butylated hydroxyanisole and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid may be added at levels safe for ingestion to improve storage stability.
According to the present invention, a liquid composition may also contain a buffer such as guconic acid, lactic acid, citric acid or acetic acid, sodium guconate, sodium lactate, sodium citrate or sodium acetate. Selection of excipients and the amounts used may be readily determined by the formulation scientist based upon experience and consideration of standard procedures and reference works in the field.
The solid compositions of the present invention include powders, granulates, aggregates and compacted compositions. The dosages include dosages suitable for oral, buccal, rectal, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous), inhalant and ophthalmic administration. The most suitable administration in any given case will depend on the nature and severity of the condition being treated. The dosages may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well-known in the pharmaceutical arts.
Dosage forms include solid dosage forms like tablets, powders, capsules, suppositories, sachets, troches and lozenges, as well as liquid syrups, suspensions and elhcirs. The dosage form of the present invention may be a capsule containing the composition, such as a powdered or granulated solid composition of the invention, within either a hard or soft shell. The shell may be made from gelatin and optionally contain a plasticizer such as glycerin and sorbitol, and an opacifying agent or colorant.
The active ingredient and excipients may be formulated into compositions and dosage forms according to methods known in the art.
A composition for tableting or capsule filling may be prepared by wet granulation,- In wet granulation, some or all of the active ingredients and excipients in powder form are blended and then further mixed in the presence of a liquid, typically water, that causes the? powders to clump into granules. The granulate is screened and/or milled, dried and then screened and/or milled to the desired particle size. The granulate may then be tableted, or- other excipients may be added prior to tableting, such as a glidant and/or a lubricant.
A tableting composition may be prepared conventionally by dry blending. For example, the blended composition of the actives and excipients may be compacted into a slug or a sheet and then comminuted into compacted granules. The compacted granules may subsequently be compressed into a tablet.
As an alternative to dry granulation, a blended composition may be compressed directly into a compacted dosage form using direct compression, techniques. Direct compression produces a more uniform tablet without granules. Excipients that are particularly well suited for direct compression tableting include microcrystalline cellulose, spray dried lactose, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and colloidal silica. The proper use of these and other excipients in direct compression tableting is known to those in the art with experience and skill in particular formulation challenges of direct compression tableting. A capsule filling of the present invention may include any of the aforementioned blends and granulates that were described with reference to tableting, however, they are not subjected to a final tableting step.
Methods of administration of a pharmaceutical composition encompassed by the invention are not specifically restricted, and can be administered in various preparations depending on the age, sex, and symptoms of the patient. For example, tablets, pills, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules and capsules may be orally administered. Injection preparations may be administered individually or mixed with injection transfusions such as glucose solutions and amino acid solutions intravenously. If necessary, the injection preparations are administered singly intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Suppositories may be administered into the rectum.
The amount of the compound of formula I contained in a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention is not specifically restricted, however, the dose should be sufficient to treat, ameliorate, or reduce the targeted symptoms. The dosage of a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention will depend on the method of use, the age, sex, and condition of the patient.
Having described the invention, the invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
EXAMPLES
Scheme 1: The Guanidine and Enaminone Reaction Example 1 : Preparation of 4-[4-(5-Chloro-thiophen-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino"|- benzenesulfonamide (exemplary compound 4) See Figure 1. Step 1 : 2-Acetyl-5-chlorothiophene (0.8 g, 5 mmol) is dissolved in dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (6 mL), and the solution is heated to reflux for 3 hrs. The solvent is evaporated to obtain the crude l-(5-chloro-thiophen-2-yl)-3-dimethylamino- propenone. Step 2: A mixture of sulfanilamide (0.86 g, 5 mmol) and 1-H-pyrazole-l- carboxamidine HCl (0.73g, 5 mmol) in 3 mL nitrobenzene is heated to reflux for 2 hrs. The solution is decanted from the solid that is formed. jV-butanol (8 mL), aqueous NaOH solution (0.73 mL 10N), and the crude l-(5-chloro-thiophen-2-yl)-3-dimethylamino-propenone is added to the solid. The reaction is heated to reflux overnight. The reaction is allowed to cool, and the product is collected by filtration and rinsed with diethyl ether to obtain 8.3 mg of the title compound as a tan solid. LC/MS data (Condition A; molecular ion and retention time): m/z 367 (M+H); 2.85 min.
Exemplary compounds 5-34 can also be synthesized according to this method. HPLC Conditions (Condition A): Hewlett Packard 1100 MSD with ChemStation Software; Xterra C1S column, 30 mm x 2.1 mm, 5μ particle size, at 5O0C; Solvent A: Water (0.02% formic acid buffer); Solvent B: Acetonitrile (0.02 % formic acid buffer); Gradient: Time 0: 5% B; 0.3 min: 5% B; 3.0 min: 90% B; Hold 90% B 2 min; Flow rate: 1.0 niL/min; Detection: 254 run DAD; API-ES Scanning Mode Negative 150-700; Fragmentor 70 mV.
Example Ib: Preparation of 4-[4-(5-Pyridin-2-ylethvnyl-thiophen-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2- ylamino]-benzenesulfonamide (exemlary compound 35) See Figure 1.
Step 1: 4-[4-(5-Bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-benzenesulfonamide is prepared by the procedure described in Example Ia. 1H NMR (d6-DMSO, 300 MHz) δ 7.19 (s, IH), 7.39 (d, J= 3.9 Hz, IH), 7.45 (d, J= 5.4 Hz, IH), 7.75 (s, IH), 7.86 (s, IH), 7.90-7.96 (m, 3H), 8.58 (d, J= 5.4 Hz, IH), 10.12 (s, IH); LC/MS data (Condition A; molecular ion and retention time): m/z 41 land 413 (M+H); 2.59 min.
Step 2: A 10 mL glass microwave reaction vessel with stir bar contained palladium acetate (5 mg, 22 μmol), tri-o-tolylphosphine (13 mg, 44 μmol), and 4-[4-(5-bromo-thiophen- 2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-benzenesulfonamide (80 mg, 200 μmol). Anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF) (3.5 mL), 2-ethynylpyridine (46 mg, 450 μmol), and triethylamine (50 μL) is added to the reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is sealed and heated to 180°C for 660 seconds in a microwave reactor (Emrys Microwave Reactor, personal Chemistry AB, Uppsala, Sweden). The reaction is filtered through celite, concentrated, redissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and purified by reverse phase (RP) HPLC to obtain 10 mg of the title compound. LC/MS data (Condition A; molecular ion and retention time): m/z 434 (M+H); 2.52 min. Exemplary compounds 36-38 can also be synthesized according to this method.
Example 2: Preparation of Ar-[~4-(Morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)phenyl'|-4-[4- (trifluoromethvDphenyl1pyrimidin-2-amine (exemplary compound 39) See Figure 2. Step 1 : Preparation of 4-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]morpholine To a solution of 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (3.97 g, 20 mmol) in methylene chloride (40 ml), at O0C, under nitrogen, with stirring, is added morpholine (4.4 mL, 50 mmol). The mixture is stirred at 0°C for 15 min. and then warmed to room temperature for 18 hrs. The resulting suspension is filtered, and the filtrate is stirred with 10% potassium carbonate for 2 hrs. The methylene chloride is evaporated, and the aqueous suspension is filtered, and the precipitate is washed with water, and then dried in vacuo to give 5.0 g of a white solid; mp 106-107°C; MS (APCI) m/z 246.1 (M+H).
Step 2A: Preparation of iV-[4-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]guanidine A mixture of 4-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]morpholine (0.25 g, 1 mmol), cesium carbonate (1.30 g, 4 mmol), and guanidine carbonate (1.08 g, 6 mmol) in 2 ml of l-methyl-2- pyrrolidinone (NMP) is stirred at 85 to 9O0C for 24 hrs. It is then cooled to room temperature and diluted with ether. The resulting suspension is filtered, and the precipitate extracted with tetrahydrofuran (THF) to yield, after evaporation of solvent, 0.12 g of a yellow solid; mp 102-1050C; MS (ESI) m/z 285.1 (M+H); HRMS: calcd for C11H16N4O3S, 284.0943; found (ESI_FT), 285.1011 (M+H). Step 2B: Preparation of (2E)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2- en-l-one
A solution of 4'-(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone (9.60 g, 50 mmol) in 25 ml of N,N- dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA) is stirred at 105 to 110°C for 20 hrs. It is then cooled to room temperature, and diluted with hexanes. The resulting suspension is filtered, and the precipitate washed with hexanes to give 10.93 g of a yellow solid; mp 96.5- 980C; MS (ESI) m/z 244.1 (M+H).
Step 3: Preparation of JV-[4-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]-4-[4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-pyrimidin-2-amine A mixture of N-[4-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]guanidine (85 mg, 0.3 mmol), (2E)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-l-one (43 mg, 0.18 mmol), and potassium carbonate (83 mg, 0.6 mmol) in 1 ml of l,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro- 2(lH)-pyrimidinone (DMPU) is stirred at 105 to HO0C for 18 hrs. It is then cooled to room temperature, and diluted with water (15 ml). The resulting suspension is filtered, and the precipitate is washed with dilute citric acid and water, and then dissolved in ethyl acetate. The organic solution is passed through a pad of silica gel, and the filtrate is evaporated. The residue is triturated with a mixture of methylene chloride and hexanes to give 63 mg of a yellow solid; mp 240-241 °C; MS (ESI) m/z 465.2 (M+H); HRMS: calcd for C2IH19F3N4O3S, 464.1130; found (ESI_FT), 465.11835.
Exemplary compounds 40-67 can also be synthesized according to this method.
Example 3: Preparation of N-(3-hvdroxypropyl)-4-({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1pyrimidin- 2-vU amino Vbenzenesulfonamide (exemplary compound 68) See Figure 3. Step 1 : Preparation of iV-phenyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2 -amine
A solution of (2E)-3 -(dimethylamino)- 1 - [4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-en- 1 -one (0.49 g, 2 mmol) and phenylguanidine carbonate salt (0.30 g, 2.2 mmol) in NMP (4 ml), is stirred at 12O0C for 2 days. It is then cooled to room temperature and diluted with water (40 ml). The resulting suspension is filtered, and the precipitate is washed with 50% ammonium chloride solution, water, and hexanes, and then dried in vacuo to give 0.56 g of an off-white solid; mp 162-1630C; HRMS: calcd for C17H12F3N3, 315.0983; found (ESI_FTMS, [M+H] I+), 316.1048.
Step 2: Preparation of 4-({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2- yl}amino)benzenesulfonyl chloride A solution of N-phenyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-amine (0.16 g, 0.5 mmol) in 1.5 ml of chlorosulfonic acid is stirred at 65 to 7O0C for 1 hr. It is then cooled to room temperature, and added slowly to a stirred mixture of ice and water. The resulting suspension is filtered, and the precipitate is washed with water and then dried in vacuo to give 0.24 g of a yellow solid; mp 186-1880C; HRMS: calcd for Ci7H11ClF3N3O2S, 413.0213; found (ESI-FTMS, [M+H]1+), 414.02984.
Step 3: Preparation of iV-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-({4-[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)benzenesulfonamide To a solution of 4-({4-[4-(trifiuoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2- yl}amino)benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.10 g, 0.25 mmol) in 2 ml of ethyl acetate is added 3- amino-1-propanol (0.19 g, 2.5 mmol) with stirring, at O0C. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and then quenched with water (10 ml). The ethyl acetate is evaporated, the resulting suspension is filtered, and the precipitate is washed with water, and hexanes, and then dried in vacuo to give 0.10 g of a white solid; mp 204-205°C; HRMS: calcd for C20Hi9F3N4O3S, 452.1130; found (ESI-FTMS, [M+H]1+), 453.12161.
Exemplary compounds 67 can also be synthesized according to this method.
Example 4: General experimental for the preparation of 2-anilino-4-aryl/heteroarylpyrimidine primary sulfonamides. See Figure 4.
Aniline target molecules of structure (I) may also be prepared using the procedure first outlined by Bredereck (Bredereck, H. et al. Ber., Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1964, 97, 3397). Amines (G-3) can be converted to the corresponding aryl guanidines (G-2) using pyrazole-1- carboxamidine according to the procedure of Bernatowicz (Bernatowicz, M.S. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 2497). The guanidines can be combined with 3 -dimethylamino- 1- aryl/heteroaryl-propenones (G-I), prepared by heating methyl ketones (4-3) with DMF DMA, in the presence of a base such as KOH, NaOH, or Et3N, or an acid such as HOAC in hot EtOH or MeOH to give the desired 2-aminopyrimidines (I). Step 1 : Preparation of 3 -dimethylamino- 1 -aryl/heteroaryl-propenone (G-I)
A 0.1 M solution of a methyl ketone is heated at 13O0C for 12 h. After cooling to 230C, all volatiles are evaporated. The remaining material is dissolved in a minimum of CH2Cl2 and passed through as short SPE SiO2 gel cartridge eluting with additional CH2Cl2. The eluant is concentrated to a minimum volume, and an equal amount of hexanes is added. Cooling to 5 0C produces crystals of the title compound as a yellow or orange solid.
Step 2: Preparation of 2-anilino-4-aryl/heteroarylpyrimidine primary sulfonamides (I) Aniline (1 equiv.) is combined with 1.5 equiv. of lH-pyrazole-1 -carboxamidine hydrochloride as a 0.1 M nitrobenzene solution and heated to 200°C for 6 h. After cooling to 23 °C, 1 equiv. of 3 -dimethylamino- 1 -aryl/heteroaryl-propenone is added followed by 1.25 equiv. of KOH, EtOH (equal volume to that of nitrobenzene) and H2O, (1/lOth the volume of EtOH). This mixture is heated at 12O0C for 12 h, cooled to 23°C, and evaporated in a Speed- Vac. This crude material is dissolved in 0.5 ml DMSO: 1.5 ml MeCN, filtered through a 0.45 μm GMF, and purified on a Gilson HPLC, using a Phenomenex LUNA C18 column: 60 mm x 21.20 mm LD. , 5 urn particle size: with ACN/water (containing 0.2% TFA or Et3N) gradient elution. The appropriate fractions are analyzed by LC/MS. To isolate the title compound, the pure fractions are combined and the solvent is evaporated in a Speed- Vac.
Exemplary compounds 1, 4, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18-29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 69, and 70 can be synthesized according to this method.
HPLC Conditions: Instrument - Agilent 1100; Column: Keystone Aquasil Cl 8 (as above); Mobile Phase A: 10 mM NH4OAC in 95% water / 5% CAN; Mobile Phase B: 10 niM NH4OAC in 5% water / 95% CAN; Flow Rate: 0.800 ml/min; Column Temperature: 4O0C; Injection Volume: 5 ul; UV: monitor 215, 230, 254, 280, and 300nm; Purity is reported at 254nm unless otherwise noted.
Gradient Table:
Time(min) %B
0.0 0
2.5 100 4.0 100
4.1 0
5.5 0
MS Conditions: Instrument: Agilent MSD; Ionization Mode: API-ES; Gas Temperature: 350 C; Drying Gas: 11.0 L/min.; Nebulizer Pressure: 55psig; Polarity: 50% positive, 50% negative; VCap: 3000V (positive), 2500V (negative); Fragmentor: 80
(positive), 120 (negative); Mass Range: 100 - lOOOm/z; Threshold: 150; Step size: 0.15; Gain: 1; Peak width: 0.15min.
Example 5: The enamino is added to a solution of the substituted guanidine in NMP, and the mixture is heated at 105 °C for 48 hours. The reaction is cooled to room temperature. Water is added, and the aqueous layer is extracted with EtOAc. The solvent is removed by evaporation, and the residue is purified by pre-plate with DCM/EtOAc/MeOH (8:8:1).
Exemplary compounds 45-66 and 89-92 can be synthesized according to this method. Exemplary compounds 104, 107, 125, 129, 219, 294, 295, 296, 297 can also be synthesized according to this method.
Exemplary compounds 243-244 can also be synthesized according to this method. Example 6: Preparation of 4-rf4-{4-r(lE)-3-hvdroxyprop-l-en-l-yl]phenyl)pyrimidin-2- yl)amino]benzenesulfbnamide (Exemplary compound 272) See Figures 6a and 6b.
Step 1 : Tert-Butyl(dimethyl) { [(2E)-3 -(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1 ,3 ,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)prop-2-en- 1 -yl]oxy } silane A flask is charged with tert-butyl-dimethyl-prop-2-ynyloxy-silane (3.00 g, 17.6 mmol), 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,2,3-dioxaborolane (2.80 ml, 2.50 g, 19.4 mmol), bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium (IV) chloride hydride (0.454 g, 1.76 mmol), and triethylamine (0.250 ml, 0.178 g, 1.76 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at 60°C for 20 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, diluted with hexane, and filtered through silica gel to yield 3.0 g of colorless oil. HRMS: calcd for C15H31BO3Si + H+, 299.22083; found (ESI-FTMS, [M+HJ1+), 298.22459.
Step 2: 4-{[4-(4-bromophenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}benzenesulfonamide
A flask is charged with the l-(4-bromo-phenyl)-3-dimethylamino-propenone (1.05 g, 4.10 mmol), 4-guanidino-benzenesulfonamide (1.33 g, 6.20 mmol), and NMP (30 ml). The reaction mixture is stirred at 120°C for 20 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, and filtered. The solid residue is washed with water and dried to yield 1.66 g of a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z 405.1; HRMS: calcd for C16H13BrN4O2S + H+, 405.00153; found (ESI-FTMS, [M+H]l+), 405.00158.
Step 3: 4-[(4-{4-[(lE)-3-hydroxyprop-l-en-l-yl]phenyl}pyrimidin-2- yl)amino]benzenesulfonamide
A flask is charged with 4-{[4-(4-bromophenyl)pyrimidin-2- yl]amino}benzenesulfonamide (0.681 g, 1.68 mmol), tert-butyl(dimethyl){[(2E)-3-(4,4,5,5- tetramethy 1-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)prop-2-en-l-yl]oxy} silane (1.00 g, 3.35 mmol), (Ph3)4Pd (0.194 g, 0.168 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.695 g, 5.03 mmol), ethanol (3.0 ml), water (3.0 ml), and toluene (25 ml). The reaction mixture is stirred at 85°C for 4 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, and trifluoroacetic acid (1.0 ml) is added. The reaction mixture is then stirred for 16 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated and purified on preparative HPLC to yield 0.196 g of a yellow solid. MS (ESI) m/z 383.2; HRMS: calcd for C19H18N4O3S + H+, 383.11724; found (ESI-FTMS, [M+HJ1+), 383.11752.
Exemplary compounds 269, 270, 272, 280-285 and 298 can be synthesized according to this method. Example 7:
A vial is charged with the anilino-pyrimidine, N,N-diethyl aniline, and NMP. The mixture is cooled to 0°C, and acyl chloride is added. The reaction is warmed to room temperature and stirred for 4 hours. Water is added, and the precipitate is washed with ether, DCM.
Exemplary compounds 221-225 can be synthesized according to this method.
Example 8:
The aldehyde is dissolved in THF and cooled to 0°C. The amine is added, followed by Na(OAc)3BH, and the reaction is stirred at O0C for 15 minutes. HOAc is added dropwise, and the reaction is warmed to room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction is quenched with water. The product is extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with sodium bicarbonate and brine, and purified with EtOAc/MeOH (10:1).
Exemplary compounds 132-134, 141, and 143-149 can be synthesized according to this method.
Scheme 2: Halogen Displacement
Example 9: General experimental for the preparation of 2-anilino-4-aryl/heteroarylpyrimidme sulfonamide secondary and tertiary sulfonamides. See Figure 9. Amino sulfonamides (G-3) can be purchased commercially or prepared by the process depicted in Figure 9: nitrobenzenesulfonyl chlorides (9-1) can be converted to the corresponding sulfonamides (9-2) via reaction with HNR7R8 in an amine solvent such as pyridine or in a polar aprotic solvent such as CH2Cl2 or THF in the presence of a hindered amine base such as /-Pr2NEt or Et3N and DMAP. These nitrobenzenesulfonamides (9-2) can be reduced to the corresponding amines using conditions such as 10% Pd/C, NH4HCO2, MeOH, or SnCl2-H2O, EtOH, heat or Fe, HCl, EtOH, H2O, heat.
Step 1 : Preparation of Substituted-4-nitro-benzenesulfonamides (9-2) 1.25 eq of /-Pr2NEt, 0.1 equiv. of DMAP5 and 1.25 equiv. of amine is added to 1 equiv. of 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride as a 0.1 M solution in CH2Cl2. This mixture is stirred at 230C until judged complete by TLC. After quenching with sat. NaHCO3 solution and separating the organic and aqueous layers, the organic layer is evaporated to yield nearly pure 4-nitrobenzenesulfonamides as off-white to colorless solids (Yield range: 56-100% yields).
Step 2: Preparation of 4-amino-benzenesulfonamide secondary and tertiary sulfonamides (G-3) 0.1 wt. equiv. of 10% Pd/C and 5 equiv. of ammonium formate is added to 1 eq of a
4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide as a 0.1 M solution in MeOH. The mixture is stirred at 230C for 8 h. Filtration through celite and evaporation gives the title compound as an off-white solid or a colorless oil.
Step 3 : Preparation of 2-chloro-4-aryl/heteroaryl-pyrimidine (G-5) To a -30 0C solution of a Ar/HetLi (10.66 mmol, 1.08 eq, generated via deprotonation of Li for Br exchange) in 20 ml Of Et2O, is added portion wise a suspension of 2- chloropyrimidine (9.84 mmol, 1 equiv.) in 20 ml Et2O in 2 ml portions over 15 min. The resulting suspension is stirred for 30 min at -30 0C and at 0 0C for 60 rnin. The reaction is quenched with H2O (0.27 ml, 1.5 equiv.) in THF (3 ml), and DDQ (2.95 g, 10.66 mmol, 1 equiv.) in THF (15 ml) is then added. The resulting suspension is stirred at 230C for 15 min, and then cooled to 00C. Hexanes (10 ml) are added followed by a O0C solution of NaOH (10 ml, 3N). The suspension is stirred for 5 min at O0C. 100 ml Of H2O is added, and the layers are separated. The organic layer is dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. Purification via SiO2 gel column chromatography gives the title compound. Step 4: Preparation of 2-anilino-4-aryl/heteroarylpyrimidine sulfonamide primary, secondary, and tertiary sulfonamides (I)
Aniline target molecules of structure (I) can be prepared by reacting 2- chloropyrimidine (9-4) with aryl or heteroaryllithiums, prepared by reacting aryl bromides/heteroaryl bromides with a strong base such as «-BuLi, MeLi or PhLi or via deprotonation of aryls/heteroaryls with a strong base such as n-BuLi, IsAeLi, PhLi, LDA, or LiN(TMS)2, followed by oxidation with DDQ to give 4-aryl/heteroaryl-2-chloropyrimidines (G-5) according to the procedures of Czarny and Harden. (Strekowski, L et al., J. Heterocyclic. Chem. 1990, 27, 1393, and Harden D. B. et al., J. Org. Chem. 1988, 55, 4137). A subsequent reaction with amino sulfonamides (G-3) in hot dioxane in the presence of p- TsOH-H2O gives the desired 2-aminopyrimidine sulfonamides (I) based on the procedure of Hattinger (Hattinger, G. et al, GB 2369359). A 2-chloro-4-aryl/heteroaryl pyrimidine (0.26 mmol, 1 equiv.), aniline (0.26 mmol, 1 equiv.), and 1,4-dioxane (2mL) solution is combined with a solution ofp-TsOH (0.21 mrnol, 0.8 eq) and 1,4-dioxane (1 ml). The resulting suspension is heated at 100°C for 12-18 h. Reaction progress is monitored using an analytical HP Agilent 1100 LC/MS. HPLC: Analytical method and parameters:
Instrument: HP Agilent 1100 LC/MS
UV Detector: Agilent 1100 Diode Array Detector
Mass Spectrometer Detector: Agilent MSD
Column: Waters Xterra MS Cl 8 30 mm x 2.1 mm i.d., 3.5 um Flow Rate: 1.00 ml/min
Run Time: 5.00 min
Gradient Elution: 0 min 90% water, 10% acetonitrile; 3 min 10% water, 90% acetonitrile
Column Temperature: 50 0C UV Signals: 215 nm, 254 nm
MS Parameters: Mass Range 100 - 1000, Fragmentor 140, Gain EMV 1.0
After cooling to 230C, all volatiles are removed in a Speed Vac. This crude material is dissolved in 0.5 ml DMSO: 1.5 ml MeCN, filtered through a 0.45 μm GMF5 and purified on a Gilson HPLC, using a Phenomenex LUNA C18 column: 60 mm x 21.20 mm I.D., 5 um particle size: with ACN/water (containing 0.2% TFA or Et3N) gradient elution. The appropriate fractions are analyzed by LC/MS. The title compound is isolated by combining pure fractions and evaporating the solvent in a Speed Vac.
Exemplary compounds 2, 3, 71-79, 86, and 87 can be synthesized according to this method. HPLC Conditions: Instrument - Agilent 1100; Column: Keystone Aquasil Cl 8 (as above); Mobile Phase A: 10 niM NH4OAC in 95% water / 5% CAN; Mobile Phase B: IO mM NH4OAC in 5% water / 95% CAN; Flow Rate: 0.800 ml/min; Column Temperature : 40 °C; Injection Volume: 5 ul; UV: monitor 215, 230, 254, 280, and 300nm; Purity is reported at 254nm unless otherwise noted. Gradient Table:
Time(min) %B
0.0 0 2.5 100
4.0 100
4.1 0
5.6 0 MS Conditions: Instrument: Agilent MSD; Ionization Mode: API-ES; Gas
Temperature: 350 C; Drying Gas: 11.0 L/min.; Nebulizer Pressure: 55psig; Polarity: 50% positive, 50% negative; VCap: 3000V (positive), 2500V (negative); Fragmentor: 80 (positive), 120 (negative); Mass Range: 100 - 1000m/z; Threshold: 150; Step size: 0.15; Gain: 1; Peak width: 0.15min
Example 10: General experimental for the preparation of 2-NfMe)-anilino-4- aryl/heteroarylpyrimidine sulfonamides. See Figure 10.
4-Methylaminobenzene sulfonamides (10-6) are prepared according to the process depicted in Figure 10. N-methyl acetamide (10-1) can be converted to sulfonyl chloride (10- 2) according to the procedure of Stojanovic (Stojanovic, O. K. et al. Chem. Abstr. 1973, 3902) using neat ClSO3H. The sulfonyl chloride is converted to the corresponding sulfonamides (10-3) using amines, NaOAc in EtOH, and NaOH hydrolysis of the acetyl group to produce the desired 4-methylaminobenzene sulfonamides (10-4) according to the procedure of Oinuma (Oinuma, H. et al. J Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 2260). N-Methylaminosulfonamide analogs can be prepared according to the process depicted in Figure 10. 4-aryl/heteroaryl-2-chloropyrimidines (10-5) are combined with 4- methylaminobenzene sulfonamides (10-4) in hot dioxane in the presence ofp-TsOHΗ2O to give the desired N-methylaminosulfonamide sulfonamides (10-6).
Step 1 : 4-(Acetyl-methyl-arnino)-benzenesulfonyl chloride (10-2) (Based on the procedure of O. K. Stojanovic et al. Chem. Abstr. 1973, 78, 3902s.) N-
Methyl-N-phenyl-acetamide (10.0 g, 67 mmol) is heated with 50 ml Of ClSO3H at 70°C for 90 min. The mixture is poured into 200 ml of ice, and the resulting product is filtered and washed with 2 x 25 ml OfH2O to the give the title compound as an off-white solid. Step 2: N-Substituted-N-(4-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-acetamides (10-3) (Based on the procedure of H. Oinuma et al. J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 2260-7.) 1 equiv. of 4-(acetyl-methyl-amino)-benzenesulfonyl chloride is added to a 0.1 M EtOH slurry of 1.1 equiv. of amine and 2.7 equiv. of NaOAc at O0C. The mixture is stirred at 23°C for 6 h. Water is added, and the mixture is extracted with 3 x 25 ml of EtOAc. The combined organics are washed with 1 x 50 ml Of H2O and 1 x 50 ml brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated to give the title compound as an off-white solid or oil.
Step 3: 4-Methylamino-benzenesulfonamides (10-4)
A N-substituted-N-(4-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-acetamide (1 eqniv.) is combined with 1 N aqueous NaOH to make a 0.1 M solution in acetamide. The resulting mixture is refluxed for 12 h. After cooling to 230C, the reaction mixture is adjusted to pH ~7 with 1 N aqueous HCl, and extracted with 2 x 25 ml EtOAc. The combined organics are washed with 1 x 50 ml H2O, 1 x 50 ml brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated to give the title compound as a colorless solid or oil. Step 4: 2-N(Me)-anilino-4-aryl/heteroarylpyrimidine sulfonamides (10-6)
The protocol described in Example 9, Step 4 is used except that 4-methylamino- benzenesulfonamides are used in place of primary amino-benzenesulfonamides.
Exemplary compounds 80-85 can be synthesized according to this method.
HPLC Conditions: Instrument - Agilent 1100; Column: KLeystone Aquasil Cl 8 (as above); Mobile Phase A: 10 mM NH4OAC in 95% water / 5% CAN; Mobile Phase B: 10 mM NH4OAC in 5% water / 95% CAN; Flow Rate: 0.800 ml/min; Column Temperature: 4O0C; Injection Volume: 5 ul; UV: monitor 215, 230, 254, 280, and 300nm; Purity is reported at 254nm unless otherwise noted.
Gradient Table: Time(min) %B
0.0 0
2.5 100
4.0 100
4.1 0 5.7 0
MS Conditions: Instrument: Agilent MSD; Ionization Mode: API-ES; Gas Temperature: 350 C; Drying Gas: 11.0 L/min.; Nebulizer Pressure: 55psig; Polarity: 50% positive, 50% negative; VCap: 3000V (positive), 2500V (negative); Fragmentor: 80 (positive), 120 (negative); Mass Range: 100 - lOOOm/z; ThreshoLd: 150; Step size: 0.15; Gain: 1 ; Peak width: 0.15min
Example 11 : The starting materials are combined in a vial in dioxane and stirred at 90°C overnight, then cooled to the room temperature. 50% NaHCO3 is added, and the reaction is stirred for 10 minutes. The precipitate is filtered, then dissolved in THF, and purified by pre-plate with THF/MeOH (10:1). See Figure 11. Exemplary compound 184 can be synthesized according to this method.
Example 12:
A halogenated (Br) sulfonamide (G-4) is reacted with a pyrimidine (G-6) by adding sodium tert-butoxide (NaOtBu) in the presence of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2dba3) and 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'-binaphthyl (BINAP).
Exemplary compounds 115-118, 123, 127, and 128 can be synthesized according to this method.
Example 13: Sodium t-butoxide is added to a stirred suspension of anilino-pyrϊmidines, substituted sulfonamides, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)- 1,1 '-binaphthyl in dioxane. The mixture is heated at 800C for 50 hours. The reaction is cooled to room temperature, and the mixture is filtered and washed with THF and MeOH. The solvent is removed by evaporation, and the residue is purified by pre-plate with EtOAc/MeOH (10:l).
Exemplary compounds 130, 131, 139, 161-164, 166-169, 171-174, and 299 can be synthesized according to this method.
Example 14: Sodium t-butoxide is added to a stirred suspension of anilino-pyrimidines, substituted sulfones, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l '- binaphthyl in dioxane. The mixture is heated at 80°C for 72 hours. The reaction is cooled to room temperature, and the mixture is filtered and washed with THF and MeOH. The solvent is removed by evaporation, and the residue is purified by pre-plate with EtOAc/MeOH (10:1.5).
Exemplary compounds 98-103 can be synthesized according to this method.
IKK Kinase Assay Example 15: Molecular Cloning and Expression of Flag IKKβ
Human IKKβ cDNA is amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction from human placental RNA (CLONTECH) using primers that incorporated the FLAG- epitope at the C terminus of IKKβ. FLAG- IKKβ is inserted into the baculovirus expression plasmid pF ASTB AC (Life Technologies). Following the manufacturer's protocol for the BAC-TO-BAC (Life Technologies) Baculovirus Expression System, recombinant baculoviruses expressing the IKKβ enzyme are made. Briefly, 9 X 105 SF9 cells per well of a 6-well plate are transfected with one μg of miniprep bacmid DNA using the CeIlFECTIN ™ reagent. Virus is harvested 72 hours post transfection, and a viral titer is performed, after which a high titer viral stock (2 x 108 pfu/ml) is amplified by three to four rounds of infection.
Example 16: Flag-IKKβ Protein Production and Purification
Using the high titer stock of baculovirus expressing the Flag-IKKβ, 200 niL of SF9 cells at a density of 1 X 106 cells/mL are infected at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of approximately 5 at 27°C in SF-900 II SFM medium. Cells are harvested 48-54 hours later by centrifugation at 500 x g in a Sorvall centrifuge. The resulting pellets are frozen at -20°C until purification.
For protein purification, the pellets are thawed on ice and resuspended in cell lysis buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 1 % NP-40, 10% glycerol, 1 mM Na3VO4, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, and protease inhibitor cocktail from Pharmingen). After Dounce homogenization, the cells are put in the cold room on a rotator for 30 minutes. The NaCl concentration is adjusted to 250 mM and the cell debris is removed by centrifugation at 18000 x g. The resulting supernatant is loaded onto an anti-FLAG M2 agarose affinity column (Sigma) at 4°C and the column is washed with 60 mL of wash buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 300 mM NaCl5 10% glycerol, 1 mM Na3VO4, 1 mM EDTA, and 1 mM PMSF). The FLAG-IKKβ is eluted using 200 μg/mL Flag peptide (Sigma) in elution buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 100 mMNaCl, 10% glycerol, 1 mM Na3VO4, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, and protease inhibitor cocktail from Pharmingen) in 500 μL aliquots, which are tested for protein levels using SDS-PAGE followed by Coomassie Blue staining (BioRad). After testing for activity as described below, fractions with high IKK enzyme activity are combined, aliquotted, and stored at -80°C. Example 17: IKK Kinase Assay
LANCE reactions are carried out based upon the suggestions of Wallac/Perkin Elmer. Purified Flag-IKKβ enzyme (2 nM final concentration) is typically used in the kinase reaction buffer described above supplemented with 0.0025% Brij solution (Sigma) to help stabilize the enzyme. Biotinylated substrate IκBα (1-54) is synthesized and purified (> 95% pure) and is used at 500 nM final concentration. ATP is used at a final concentration of 2 μM. The total reaction volumes are 25 μL and the inhibitor compounds are preincubated with enzyme before substrate and ATP are added. Reactions are conducted for 30 minutes at room temperature in black, low binding plates (Dynex). 25 μL of 20 mM EDTA is added to terminate the reactions and then 100 μL of detection mixture [0.25 nM Europium labeled anti-phospho-IκBα (prepared by Wallac) and 0.25 μg/mL final concentration streptavidin- APC, Wallac] is added 30 minutes before reading the plates in a Wallac VICTOR plate reader. The energy transfer signal data is used to calculate percent inhibition and IC5O values.
Example 18: Western Analysis of IκBα
HeIa cells are plated at 6- well plate for 24 hours and treated with compounds for 30 min before the addition of TNFα (10 ng/ml). After one hour, HeIa cells are harvested in MPER reagent (Pierce, Rockford, IL) containing 400 mM NaCl. Protein from all samples is quantified by the Bradford method. Cell lysates containing 30 μg of protein are electrophoresed on a 12% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred to a PVDF membrane using a Bio Rad liquid transfer apparatus. The PVDF membrane is incubated in TBST (TBS with 0.1% Tween-20) with 3% milk for 15 minutes before the addition of the first antibody, mouse anti- IκBα (Santa Cruz). After overnight incubation, the PVDF membrane is washed 3 times with TBST and incubated with secondary antibodies coupled with horseradish peroxidase (Transduction Labs) for one hour. The PVDF membrane is then washed 3 times with TBST and protein is detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection system (Pierce).
Exemplary compounds 4, 6-9, 11, 14, 16, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30, 32, 34, 39-52, 54-56, 57, 58-66, 68, 88-92, 95, 96, 98, 100-107, 109-113, 115-121, 125, 126, 129-136, 138-146, 150, 152, 153, 156-158, 160-164, 166, 168-170, 173, 174, 176-178, 180-186, 188-204, 208-210, 212, 215, 216, 219-225, 229, 230, 232-241, 245, 246, 250, 251, 253, 256-258, 260, 262-266, 268, 270, 272, 277, 283-285, 287, and 289 gave a positive result. Exemplary compounds 10, 21, 27, 28, 31, 33, 35, 37, 53, 67, 97, 122, 123, 137, 147- 149, 151, 154, 155, 159, 165, 167, 171, 172, 175, 187, 206, 207, 213, 214, 217, 218, 226, 227, 228, 243, 244, 247-249, 254, 269, 271, 276, and 280-282 gave a slightly positive result.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:
1. A compound of formula I:
Figure imgf000060_0001
I wherein:
R1 is hydrogen;
R is selected from the group consisting of NR R , guanidinyl, ureido, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, hydroxy, and alkoxy; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; optionally substituted phenyl; an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring with 1 to 4 heteroatoms, provided that the heteroaryl ring is not pyridine, furan, isoxazole, pyrazole, triazole, imidazole, or thiazole; a benzene ring fused to a 4 to 8 membered ring containing 0 to 4 heteroatoms, interrupted by 0 to 2 of the groups C=O, SO, or SO2, and optionally substituted; an optionally substituted monocyclic or polycylic ring containing 0 to 4 heteroatoms; optionally substituted alkenyl; optionally substituted alkynyl; -NR7R8; -COOR9; -CONR7R8; and -SO2R10; R is hydrogen;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, and alkylaminomethyl; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen; optionally substituted phenyl; an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl ring with 1 to 4 heteroatoms; a benzene ring fused to a 4 to 8 membered ring containing 0 to 4 heteroatoms, interrupted by 0 to 2 of the groups C=O, SO, or SO2, and optionally substituted; an optionally substituted monocyclic or polycylic ring containing O to 4 heteroatoms; -NR7R8; -COOR9; -CONR7R8; -SO2R10; optionally substituted alkyl; optionally substituted alkenyl; optionally substituted alkynyl; hydroxy; alkoxy; OR7; and SR7;
R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; optionally substituted alkyl; optionally substituted alkenyl; optionally substituted alkynyl; optionally substituted aryl; optionally substituted heteroaryl; hydroxy; alkoxy; alkylamino; arylamino; heteroarylamino; -NCOR9; -COR9; -CONR7R8; SO2R10; optionally substituted 3 to 10 membered cyclic amines containing O to 3 heteroatoms; optionally, R7 and R8 together form an optionally substituted 3 to 12 membered monocyclic or bicyclic ring containing O to 4 heteroatoms; R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and NR R ; and the salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R2 is NR7R8, and wherein R7 and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, amino, alkylamino, alkylhydroxy, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, heteroaryl, and COR9 where R9 is alkyl or aralkyl.
3. The compound of claim 2 wherein R2 is NH2, -(dimethylamino)ethyl, or -(dimethylamino)propyl.
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein R is NR R , and wherein R and R together form an an optionally substituted 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic group containing at least one nitrogen atom and 0 to 1 additional heteroatoms.
5. The compound of claim 4 wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted morpholinyl group, an optionally substituted piperazinyl group, and an optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl group.
6. The compound of claim 1, wherein the SO2R group is at position 4 of the phenyl ring.
7. The compound of claim 1, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted phenyl, an optionally substituted thienyl, an optionally substituted pyrazinyl, an optionally substituted pyrrolyl, a naphthyl group, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene, and a benzene ring fused to a 5 to 7 membered ring containing 1 to 2 heteroatoms, optionally interrupted by a C=O group, and optionally substituted.
8. The compound of claim 7, wherein R3 is an optionally substituted phenyl group.
9. The compound of claim 8, wherein R3 is a phenyl group substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, hydroxy, and NR7R8 where R7 is COR9 and R8 is hydrogen.
10. The compound of claim 7, wherein R3 is is an optionally substituted thienyl group.
11. The compound of claim 10, wherein R3 is a thienyl group optionally substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, bromo, and methyl.
12. The compound of claim 1, wherein R5 is hydrogen or methyl.
13. The compound of claim 12, wherein R5 is hydrogen.
14. The compound of claim I5 wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, chloro, methoxy, NH2, and trifluoromethyl.
15. The compound of claim 14, wherein R is hydrogen.
16. The compound of claim I5 wherein: R1 is hydrogen;
R2 is selected from the group consisting OfNR7R8, optionally substituted imidazolyl, and optionally substituted alkyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted phenyl, an optionally substituted thienyl, an optionally substituted pyrazinyl, an optionally substituted pyrrolyl, a naphthyl group, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene, and a benzene ring fused to a 5 to 7 membered ring containing 1 to 2 heteroatoms, optionally interrupted by a C=O group, and optionally substituted; R4 is hydrogen;
R5 is hydrogen or methyl; and R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, chloro, methoxy, NH2, and trifluoromethyl.
17. A compound according to claim 16, selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000063_0001
Figure imgf000064_0001
Figure imgf000065_0001
Figure imgf000066_0001
Figure imgf000067_0001
Figure imgf000068_0001
Figure imgf000069_0001
Figure imgf000070_0001
164. N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-2-ethyl-4-{[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2- y 1] am ino } benzenesulfonamide
165. 2-chloro-5 - { [4-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo- 1 ,4-dihydro-2H-3, 1 -benzoxazin-6- yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}benzenesulfonamide
166. N-[3 -(dimethylamino)propyl]-4- { [4-(3 -fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) pyrimidin-2- yl]amino}-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide
167. N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-{[4-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) pyrimidin-2- yl]amino}-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide
168. N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-4-{[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}- 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide
169. N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-{[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-2- (trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide
170. 4-(3 -fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-N- {4-[( 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazol-2- yl)sulfonyl]phenyl}pyrimidin-2-amine
171. 2-chloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-{[4-(3-fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl] amino} benzenesulfonamide
172. 2-chloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-{[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2- yl]amino} benzenesulfonamide
173. 2-chloro-N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-4-{[4-(3-fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}benzenesulfonamide
174. 2-chloro-N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-4-{[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2- yl]am ino} benzenesulfonamide
175. 3- { [4-(4,4-dimethy 1-2-oxo- 1 ,4-dihydro-2H-3 , 1 -benzoxazin-6-yl)pyrimidin-2- y 1] amino } benzenesulfonamide
176. 5-{[4-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-2- methylbenzenesulfonamide
177. N- {4- [( 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazol-2-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl } -4-[5 -(pyrrolidin- 1 - ylmethyl)-2-thienyl]pyrimidin-2-amine
178. N- {4-[( 1 -methyl- lH-imidazol-2-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl} -4- { 5-[(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)methyl]-2-thienyl } pyrimidin-2-amine
179. 4-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-N-{4-[(l-methyI-lH-imidazoI-2- yl)sulfonyl]phenyl}pyrimidin-2-amine
180. N-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrimidin-2- amine
181. 4-(4-aminopheny I)-N- {4-[(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)sulfonyl]phenyl}pyrimidin-2-
Figure imgf000072_0001
Figure imgf000073_0001
Figure imgf000074_0001
Figure imgf000075_0001
Figure imgf000076_0001
Figure imgf000077_0001
Figure imgf000078_0001
and salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof.
18. A method of inhibiting kinase activity in a cell comprising contacting a cell with a compound according to claim 1 whereby said compound inhibits kinase activity.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the kinase is IKK.
20. A method of inhibiting kinase activity in a mammal comprising administering to a mammal a kinase-inhibiting amount of a compound according to claim 1.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the mammal is a human.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the kinase is IKK.
23. The method of claim 20, further comprising administering to the mammal an additional inhibitor of a protein kinase of the NF-κB pathway.
24. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 or claim 17, alone or in combination with other kinase-inhibiting pharmaceutical compositions or chemotherapeutic agents, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
25. A method of treating a kinase-dependent condition comprising administering to a subject a kinase-inhibiting amount of a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 24.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein the kinase is IKK.
27. The method of claim 25 wherein the kinase-dependent condition is selected from the group consisting of inflammation, tumor cell proliferation, tumor cell growth, and tumorigenesis.
28. The method of claim 25, further comprising administering to the subject an additional inhibitor of a protein kinase of the NF-κB pathway.
29. A method of treating a disease associated with NF-κB activation comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.
30. The method of claim 29, further comprising administering to the subject an additional inhibitor of a protein kinase of the NF-κB pathway.
31. The method of claim 29, wherein the disease associated with NF-κB activation is selected from the group consisting of inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, dermatosis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune diseases, tissue and organ rejection, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, atherosclerosis, restenosis, cancer, Hodgkins disease, viral infection, AIDS infection, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and Ataxia Telangiestasia.
32. A method of treating tumor cell proliferation, tumor cell growth, or tumorigenesis comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.
33. A method of reducing inflammation comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.
34. A method of treating an inflammatory or autoimmune condition comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein said inflammatory or autoimmune condition is selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gout, asthma, bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, mucous colitis, ulcerative colitis, diabrotic colitis, Crohn's disease, gastritis, esophagitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis, hives, multiple sclerosis, Lou Gehrig's disease, sepsis, conjunctivitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, purpura, nasal polip, lupus erythematosus, conjunctivitis, vernal catarrh, chronic arthrorheumatism, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis (DM), Polyaritis nodoa (PN), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), and Sjoegren's syndrome.
36. A method oftreating a cardiovascular, metabolic, or ischemic condition comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein said cardiovascular, metabolic, or ischemic condition is selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, restenosis following angioplasty, left ventricular hypertrophy, insulin resistance, Type I diabetes, Type II diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, obesity, polycystic ovarian disease, hypertension, syndrome X, osteoporosis, erectile dysfunction, cachexia, myocardial infraction, ischemic diseases of heart kidney, liver, and brain, organ transplant rejection, graft versus host disease, endotoxin shock, and multiple organ failure.
38. A method oftreating an infectious disease comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the infectious disease is a viral infection.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein the viral infection is caused by a virus selected from the group consisting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilomavirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, and Epstein-Barr virus.
41. A method of treating a pre- or post-menopausal condition comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.
42. A method of treating osteoporosis comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.
43. A method comprising: a) reacting an enaminone of formula G-I:
Figure imgf000081_0001
^1 with a guanidine of formula G-2: ^2
and l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone to form a compound of formula I:
Figure imgf000081_0002
wherein the R groups are defined as in claim 1, and wherein: R1, R4, R5 are each hydrogen, R2 is NR7R8; and b) isolating the compound of formula I.
44. The method of claim 43, wherein reacting the enaminone and the guanidine is conducted in the presence of a base.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein the base is potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide.
46. The method of claim 43, wherein reacting the enaminone and the guanidine further comprises heating to a temperature of up to about reflux temperature.
47. The method of claim 43, wherein the the SO2R2 group is at position 4.
48. The method of claim 43, further comprising preparing the guanidine of formula G-2 by reacting an amine of formula G-3:
Figure imgf000082_0001
with cyanamide or l-H-pyrazole-l-carboximidine.
49. The method of claim 43, further comprising preparing the guanidine of formula G-2 by reacting a halogenated sulfonamide of formula G4: halogen
Figure imgf000082_0002
with guanidine.
50. The method of claim 43, wherein R3 is an optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted thienyl group.
51. A method comprising: a) reacting an enaminone of formula G-I:
Figure imgf000083_0001
with a guanidine derivative of formula 3-1 : "^ and l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone to form a pyrimidine; b) reacting the pyrimidine with chlorosulfonic acid to form a sulfonyl chloride of formula 3-3:
Figure imgf000083_0002
3-3 c) reacting the sulfonyl chloride of formula 3-3 with an amine having the formula HNR7R8 to form a compound of formula I:
Figure imgf000083_0003
wherein the R groups are defined as in claim 1, and wherein: R1, R4, R5 are each hydrogen,
R2 is NR7R8; and d) isolating the compound of formula I.
52. A method comprising: a) reacting an amine of formula G-3:
Figure imgf000084_0001
G-3 with a halogenated pyrimidine of formula G-5:
Figure imgf000084_0002
G-5 to form a compound of formula I:
Figure imgf000084_0003
I
wherein the R groups are defined as in claim 1 , and wherein:
R1, R4, R5 are each hydrogen,
R2 is NR7R8; and b) isolating the compound of formula I.
53. The method of claim 52, wherein the halogen of the halogenated pyrimidine is chlorine.
54. The method of claim 52, wherein reacting the amine and the halogenated pyrimidine is conducted in a solvent selected from the group consisting of dioxane.
55. The method of claim 52, wherein reacting the amine and the halogenated pyrimidine is conducted in the presence of an alcohol selected from the group consisting of p-toluenesulfonic acid.
56. The method of claim 52, wherein reacting the amine and the halogenated pyrimidine further comprises heating to a temperature of up to about reflux temperature.
57. The method of claim 52, wherein the SO2R2 group is at position 4.
58. The method of claim 52, wherein R3 is an optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted thienyl group.
59. A method comprising: a) reacting a halogenated sulfonamide of formula G-4:
Figure imgf000085_0001
with a pyrimidine of formula G-6:
Figure imgf000085_0002
^6 to form a compound of formula I:
wherein the R groups are defined as in claim 1 , and wherein: R1, R4, R5 are each hydrogen, R2 is NR7R8; and b) isolating the compound of formula I.
60. The method of claim 59, wherein the halogen of the halogenated sulfonamide is bromine.
61. The method of claim 59, wherein reacting the pyrimidine and the halogenated sulfonamide is conducted in a solvent selected from the group consisting of dioxane.
62. The method of claim 59, wherein reacting the pyrimidine and the halogenated sulfonamide further comprises adding sodium tert-butoxide.
63. The method of claim 59, wherein reacting the pyrimidine and the halogenated sulfonamide is conducted in the presence of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l '-binaphthyl.
64. The method of claim 59, wherein reacting the pyrimidine and the halogenated sulfonamide further comprises heating to a temperature of up to about reflux temperature.
65. The method of claim 59, wherein the the SO2R2 group is at position 4.
66. The method of claim 59, wherein R3 is an optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted thienyl group.
67. A guanidine of formula G-2:
Figure imgf000086_0001
G-2
wherein the R groups are defined as in claim 1.
68. An amine of formula G-3:
Figure imgf000086_0002
wherein the R groups are defined as in claim 1.
69. A halogenated sulfonamide of formula G-4: halogen
Figure imgf000087_0001
wherein the R groups are defined as in claim 1.
70. A sulfonyl chloride of formula 3-3:
Figure imgf000087_0002
3-3
wherein the R groups are defined as in claim 1.
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