WO2006070480A1 - 炭化珪素単結晶、炭化珪素単結晶ウェハ及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
炭化珪素単結晶、炭化珪素単結晶ウェハ及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006070480A1 WO2006070480A1 PCT/JP2004/019812 JP2004019812W WO2006070480A1 WO 2006070480 A1 WO2006070480 A1 WO 2006070480A1 JP 2004019812 W JP2004019812 W JP 2004019812W WO 2006070480 A1 WO2006070480 A1 WO 2006070480A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/36—Carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
Definitions
- Silicon carbide single crystal, silicon carbide single crystal wafer and manufacturing method thereof are Silicon carbide single crystal, silicon carbide single crystal wafer and manufacturing method thereof
- the present invention relates to a high resistivity silicon carbide single crystal, a silicon carbide single crystal wafer, and a method for manufacturing the same, and particularly to a high frequency electronic device.
- the present invention relates to a high crystal quality silicon carbide single crystal, a silicon carbide single crystal wafer, and a method for manufacturing the same, which are applied to plates and the like.
- Silicon carbide has excellent physical and chemical properties, such as high heat resistance and mechanical strength, and resistance to radiation, and is attracting attention as an environmentally resistant semiconductor material. Yes. In recent years, as a substrate material for short wavelength optical devices from blue to ultraviolet, high frequency and high voltage electronic devices, etc.
- SiC single crystals to the semiconductor field requires high-quality single crystals with a large area. Especially in applications such as substrates for high-frequency devices, high electrical resistance is required in addition to crystal quality. It is also required to have it.
- SiC single crystals of a size that can be used to fabricate semiconductor elements were obtained by the sublimation recrystallization method (Rayleigh method).
- the area of the resulting single crystal is small, and its size, shape, crystal polymorphism, and impurity carrier concentration are not easily controlled.
- cubic silicon carbide single crystals are also grown by heteroepitaxial growth on different substrates such as silicon (Si) using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). ing. With this method, a large-area single crystal is obtained, but the lattice mismatch with the Si substrate is about 20%.
- SiC single crystals containing many defects ⁇ : 10 7 cra- 2
- SiC single crystal wafer as a seed crystal
- SiC single crystal can be grown while controlling the crystal polymorphism (6H type, 4H type, 15R type, etc.) and shape, carrier type and concentration of SiC single crystal. be able to.
- SiC single crystal wafers with a diameter of 2 inches (50 mm) to 3 inches (75 mm) are cut out from SiC single crystals fabricated by the improved Rayleigh method for device fabrication in the field of electronic electronics. It is provided.
- Gallium Nitride A compound formed from silicon (Si) and gallium arsenide (GaAs), is attracting attention as a material for high-frequency semiconductor devices (Rutberg & Co.).
- SiC single crystal has a small lattice constant difference with GaN of 3.4%, so a high-quality GaN thin film can be formed, and its thermal conductivity is as high as 3.3 W / cm. , Sapphire etc.
- expectations for SiC single-crystal substrates have become very high in this field as well, with the hope that the characteristics of GaN devices can be greatly improved compared to conventional substrates.
- the substrate in addition to the quality of the crystal, in order to reduce the parasitic capacitance of the element fabricated on it and to separate the elements, the substrate has a higher resistivity (5 xl0 3 Qcm or more, desired 1 X10 5 Qcm or more) is essential.
- SiC high-resistivity substrates are obtained industrially by forming deep levels in the forbidden band of SiC single crystals by some method.
- vanadium is known to form deep levels in either the donor or acceptor state in SiC crystals, and compensate for shallow donor or shallow acceptor impurities to increase the resistivity of the crystal.
- SA Reshanov et al. Materials Science Forum, vols. 353 to 356 (2001) pp.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-500861 discloses a technique for obtaining a vanadium-added crystal having a higher resistivity.
- impurity nitrogen in SiC is overcompensated by the addition of an element having a trivalent shallow acceptor level, and the conduction type is changed from n-type to p-type, thereby transition metals such as vanadium. It is intended to obtain a higher resistivity by placing the at the donor level.
- the problem of non-uniform vanadium concentration is inevitable.
- it does not solve the essential problems of vanadium-doped crystals such as crystal quality and yield.
- the concentration of impurity nitrogen mixed in the SiC crystal in the sublimation recrystallization method is generally the same during growth. Since it often changes in the order of digits to several digits, it can be said that it is extremely difficult to maintain the optimum acceptor element concentration throughout the SiC single crystal ingot. For this reason, the conduction type of the crystal cannot be converted to the target P-type due to lack of the acceptor element, or the crystal becomes an extreme P-type by excessive addition of the acceptor element, and compensation by vanadium It is easy to fall into a situation where it becomes difficult.
- the technology of this publication does not solve the essential problems of vanadium-added crystals such as crystal quality and yield.
- the solid solution limit of vanadium in SiC is about 3-5 X10 17 cm 3 , and when the amount of vanadium exceeds the solid solution limit, (M. Bickermann et al., Materials Science Forum, vols. 389-393 (2002 ) pp.139-: 142) There is a problem in that precipitates are generated and the crystal quality deteriorates. The amount of vanadium added may be limited for these reasons, making it difficult to produce high resistivity panadium-added crystals with the prior art.
- the crystal resistivity is increased by reducing the carrier impurity concentration of the SiC single crystal to a very low level. This is thought to be because deep level point defects existing in the forbidden band of SiC crystals, such as ID, UD-1, or carbon vacancy, trap conduction electrons or holes.
- deep level point defects existing in the forbidden band of SiC crystals such as ID, UD-1, or carbon vacancy, trap conduction electrons or holes.
- ME Zvanut and VV Konovalov Applied Physics Letters, Vol.80, No.3, pp.410-412 (2002), B. Magnussen et al., Materials Science Forum, vols.389-393 ( 2002) pp.505 ⁇ 508. Force The quality of high-resistivity single crystals obtained in this way also does not satisfy the high demands of the semiconductor field. Disclosure of the invention
- the vanadium concentration in the crystal is the uncompensated impurity concentration (n-type impurity concentration other than I vanadium minus other than vanadium). It must be higher than the P-type impurity concentration I).
- the concentration of uncompensated impurities in the SiC single crystal is 1 ⁇ ⁇ 0 1 7
- the above-mentioned conditions are very narrow in the allowable range.
- the sublimation or evaporation rate of vanadium is larger than the sublimation rate of the SiC raw material, the region where the vanadium concentration exceeds the solid solution limit and uncompensated impurities in the SiC crystal grown by the change in the vanadium concentration during growth. An area that is less than the density occurs. For this reason, the conventional vanadium-added crystal has a low crystal quality, and the crystal part having a high resistivity is a limited part of the grown crystal.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems and provides a high-resistivity and high-quality large-diameter Si C single crystal, a SiC single crystal wafer, and a method for producing the same. .
- the present inventors have been able to increase the resistivity of the crystal with a much smaller amount of vanadium added than before, and achieve high quality and high resistance.
- the present invention has the following configuration.
- the graphite crucible is a graphite crucible subjected to a purification treatment in which the temperature is maintained at 1400 ° C or more, 10 hours or more, and less than 120 hours in an inert gas atmosphere at a pressure of 1.3 Pa or less (21) to (23 )
- the graphite crucible and the seed crystal are placed in an inert gas atmosphere adjusted to a pressure of 1.3 ⁇ 10 2 to I.3xl0 4 Pa.
- the SiC single crystal of the present invention achieves high resistivity with a much smaller amount of vanadium than the conventional one, which is less than the concentration of uncompensated impurities. This is thought to be caused by the presence of vanadium and deep level defects in the SiC single crystal at the same time. As a result, it has become possible to achieve high resistivity without inducing the generation of precipitates and deterioration of crystal quality due to excessive addition of vanadium, which has been a problem in the past. At the same time, it does not require an ultra-high purity process of SiC single crystal, which is extremely difficult industrially, and thus avoids an excessive increase in manufacturing costs.
- the novel point of the present invention is expected from the effect when vanadium and deep level defects, which are not used together, are present in the SiC single crystal at the same time.
- the effect is far greater than what is achieved. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited by the above-described high resistivity expression mechanism.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a single crystal production apparatus used for producing the crystal of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows the analysis position of a SiC single crystal wafer with a diameter of 100 mm.
- the concentration of uncompensated impurities is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm 3 or less, and further preferably 5 ⁇ 10 16 / era 3 or less.
- the lower limit of the concentration of vanadium is at least 5 X 10 "cm 3 , preferably 1 X1 That is the upper limit
- the value is the concentration of the aforementioned uncompensated impurity.
- the concentration of uncompensated impurities in the crystal is greater than 1 X l0 17 Zcra 3 or if the concentration of vanadium is less than 5 X 10 14 / cm 3 , the combined effect of deep level defects and vanadium As a result, it becomes extremely difficult to increase the resistivity of the SiC single crystal.
- the concentration difference between the uncompensated impurity concentration and the vanadium concentration in the SiC single crystal is 1 X l0 17 Zcm 3 or less, preferably 5 XIO 16 / ⁇ !!! 3 or less, more preferably 1 X
- the concentration difference between the uncompensated impurity concentration and the vanadium concentration in the SiC single crystal is 1 X l0 17 Zcm 3 or less, preferably 5 XIO 16 / ⁇ !!! 3 or less, more preferably 1 X
- the type of uncompensated impurities is not specifically mentioned, but the typical impurity of SiC is nitrogen, which is a donor element, and generally grown when producing a SiC single crystal by the sublimation recrystallization method.
- the conduction type of crystals is often n-type.
- the SiC single crystal of the present invention has a low vanadium concentration as compared with the concentration of the prior art vanadium, the vanadium compound does not precipitate over the entire SiC single crystal ingot, or Even if precipitates are generated, they are limited to a local region, so that the crystal quality can be kept high.
- the technology according to the present invention can increase the resistivity of the crystal in a wider vanadium concentration range than the conventional technology.
- All wafers processed from, or most wafers can be high resistivity wafers of 5 X10 3 Qcm or more, preferably 1 X10 5 Qcm or more.
- the SiC single crystal of the present invention can be manufactured with any of the 3 C, 4 H, and 6 H polytypes that are currently expected to be applied to devices. Among them, particularly high device characteristics are expected. However, it is most effective to apply the technology of the present invention to the 4 H polytype, which has a lot of inevitable nitrogen contamination. In consideration of application as a device, it is desirable that the SiC single crystal wafer be composed of a single polytype of 3C, 4H, or 6H.
- a SiC single crystal ingot for making such a wafer does not necessarily have to be a single polytype for the entire ingot, but the main polytype of the ingot is By using either one, the yield of a single polytype wafer can be increased.
- the diameter of the wafer is not particularly limited, but the present invention is particularly effective in a large-diameter SiC single crystal in which the in-plane distribution of the dopant concentration tends to be large, and the single-crystal diameter is 50 mm. As described above, a great effect is obtained especially when the distance is 100 mm or more. Since the SiC single crystal wafer of the present invention has high resistivity and high crystal quality, it can be applied to a device having a high operating frequency.
- the vanadium metal is silicified.
- a known single crystal growth method such as manufacturing by the sublimation recrystallization method using a vanadium compound such as oxides and carbides as the source of vanadium and mixing it with SiC raw material in a predetermined composition that takes up the incorporation efficiency You can.
- a commercially available raw material can be used as the SiC raw material.
- the nitrogen-containing concentration is 50 ppm or less, preferably 20 ppm or less, more preferably, as measured by an inert gas melting thermal conductivity method.
- nitrogen taken into the SiC single crystal from the crucible can be reduced, and the uncompensated impurity concentration of the SiC single crystal can be reduced.
- such a graphite crucible can be obtained by subjecting a black lead crucible to a purification treatment in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 1400 ° C or higher for 10 hours or more and less than 120 hours.
- the processing temperature there is no particular upper limit for the processing temperature, but if the processing temperature is 3000 ° C or higher, there is a problem in terms of durability of the processing equipment, which is not preferable. It is also possible to incorporate the above process into the SiC crystal growth process. That is, in the sublimation recrystallization method using seed crystals, the pressure in the inert gas atmosphere is 1.3 Pa or less, preferably 1.3X10 or less, with the graphite crucible filled with the sublimation material mainly composed of SiC. More preferably, the graphite crucible is purified by holding at 6.5 Xl (T 2 Pa or less, and holding at a temperature of 1400 ° C or higher and 1800 ° C or lower for 10 hours or more and less than 120 hours.
- the purification process cannot be performed efficiently Even if the processing temperature is 1400 ° C or less, the purification process cannot be performed efficiently, while if the pressure exceeds 1800 ° C, crystals are not purified during the purification process. Growth starts and polycrystals are formed, and normal single crystal growth cannot be realized in the subsequent SiC single crystal growth process.
- the growth furnace is not opened in the atmosphere, the inert gas pressure is adjusted to 1.3X10 2 to: I.3X10 4 Pa, heated to 200 ° C or higher, and then the SiC crystal Implement growth.
- the crystal growth temperature if it exceeds 3000 ° C, there is a problem in terms of durability of the growth apparatus, which is not preferable.
- the graphite crucible is purified without being incorporated into the SiC crystal growth process, if the graphite crucible after the purification treatment is exposed to the atmosphere, nitrogen in the atmosphere will be re-adsorbed on the graphite surface and The effect will be reduced.
- the influence of nitrogen re-adsorption can be avoided. It is more effective.
- Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were manufactured using the crystal growth apparatus of FIG. did.
- a seed crystal we prepared a SiC single crystal wafer composed of a 4H single polytype with a (0001) face of 50mm diameter.
- the seed crystal 1 is attached to the inner surface of the black lead lid 4.
- sublimation raw material 2 Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were filled with a mixture of commercially available SiC crystal powder and vanadium compound.
- the vanadium compound was mixed in an amount that increased in terms of vanadium atoms and the mass concentration in the raw material was 0.042%.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 only commercially available SiC crystal powder was filled as a sublimation raw material.
- the crucible 3 filled with the raw material is closed with a graphite lid 4 fitted with a seed crystal, covered with a graphite felt 7, and then placed on a graphite support rod 6 and placed inside the double quartz tube 5. It was installed and crystal growth was performed by the process shown below.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 a crystal growth process including purification treatment of a graphite crucible was used.
- the contents are as follows. First, after evacuating the inside of the quartz tube 5 to less than 1.0X 10- 4 Pa, a current flows in the work coil 8 while continuing the evacuation, raise the graphite crucible temperature to 1600 ° C is a purification treatment temperature. At this time, although the internal pressure of the quartz tube rises above temporarily 1. 3 Pa, while maintaining the temperature, evacuated to an internal pressure of the quartz tube is less than 1.0X 10- 1 Pa is purification treatment pressure Then, the process of removing impurity nitrogen in the crucible was started. The processing time was 48 hours, and during that time, the vacuum evacuation device 11 was always operated, and the internal pressure of the quartz tube was maintained at a value lower than the aforementioned value.
- high-purity Ar gas with a purity of 99.9999% or more is introduced as atmospheric gas through the pipe 9 while being controlled by the Ar gas mass flow controller 10 to grow the pressure inside the quartz tube.
- the temperature of the graphite crucible was raised to the target temperature of 2400 ° C, and the growth continued for about 20 hours.
- the temperature gradient in the crucible was 14.5 to: 15.5 ° C / cm, and the growth rate was about 0.8 to 0.9 mm / hour.
- the diameter of the obtained crystal was about 52 mm, and the height was about 16 mm for the crystal of Example 1 and about 17 mm for the crystal of Comparative Example 3.
- the diameter of the obtained crystal was about 52 mm, and the height was about 16 mm for the crystal of Comparative Example 1 and about 18 mm for the crystal of Comparative Example 2.
- purification treatment was performed prior to analysis of the obtained SiC single crystal.
- the nitrogen concentration of the graphite crucible was measured.
- the same material as that used for the crystal growth using a graphite crucible having the same shape, the same as described above in Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, the temperature 1600 ° C, pressure 1. 0 X 10- 1 Pa or less at 48 hours The retained purification process was performed. At this time, the graphite crucible was not filled with the sublimation raw material.
- the graphite crucible is cooled, and a test piece with a diameter of about 5 mm and a length of 10 mm is processed from the purified crucible in a vacuum glove box filled with an inert gas to obtain a measurement test piece.
- a measurement test piece was measured by an inert gas melting thermal conductivity method. The measurement was performed as follows.
- the nitrogen concentration in the purification crucible was about 9 ppm. Further, the graphite crucible which had not been purified was measured by the same method, and as a result, the nitrogen concentration was about 59 ppm.
- the SiC single crystals of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 obtained in this way were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering. As a result, the SiC single crystal whose main polytype was 4 H in all ingots. We were able to confirm that the crystal grew. Three wafers with a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 51 mm were fabricated from the grown single crystal ingots in order to measure the impurity concentration and resistivity of the crystals. The plane orientation of the craft is (0001) plane just.
- Vanadium concentration and impurities in wafers corresponding to the upper, middle, and lower parts (near the seed crystal) of the growth crystal (the distance from the seed crystal growth start surface to the wafer bottom surface, 12 mm, 8 mm, and 4 mm, respectively)
- Concentrations were investigated using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS).
- SIMS Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
- RG Wilson et al., Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry: A Practical Handbook For Depth Profiling And Bulk Impurity Analysis (1989) a lower limit of 1.5 x 10 14 cm 3 is obtained for vanadium analysis.
- the analysis was performed by a method based on this, and the measurement lower limit of vanadium was less than 5 ⁇ 10 14 cm 3 .
- the room temperature resistivity of each wafer was examined by the Van der Pauw method. Based on the above analysis, the results shown in Tables 1 to 4 were obtained.
- the uncompensated impurity concentration of the crystal of Example 1 (Table 1) is 1.65 to 2.24 ⁇ 10 ”Zcm 3.
- the main component of the impurity is nitrogen which is a donor element, and the conduction by the impurity is n-type.
- Nitrogen concentration minus compensation amount by impurity acceptor element is uncompensated impurity concentration Compared with Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 by the purification treatment of graphite crucible, especially under ingot As the nitrogen concentration dropped significantly in the area, the uncompensated impurity concentration also dropped.
- the vanadium concentration is 3.99 ⁇ 10 15 to 3.87 ⁇ 10 16 cm 3, which is lower than the aforementioned uncompensated impurity concentration.
- the resistivity is as high as 10 1 G Q cm or more in all the wafers from the top to the bottom.
- Comparative Example 1 (Table 2) is a crystal having almost the same vanadium concentration as in the Examples, but the concentration of uncompensated impurities is high because no technique for removing impurities is used.
- the main component of impurities is nitrogen, and conduction by uncompensated impurities is n-type.
- uncompensated impurity concentration has a 1 X l0 18 Zcm 3 or more.
- the resistivity is low, less than 1 X 10 Q ⁇ cm throughout the ingot.
- Comparative Example 2 (Table 3) is a crystal in which vanadium was not mixed with the sublimation raw material.
- the main impurity is nitrogen, and conduction due to uncompensated impurities is n-type. Since the same graphite crucible purification technology as in Example 1 was introduced, the incorporation of nitrogen was reduced, and the uncompensated impurity concentration was within the scope of the present invention, but vanadium was not added, so the resistivity Is less than IX 10 3 Q cm, and although it has a higher resistivity than Comparative Example 1, it does not reach the required high level.
- Comparative Example 3 (Table 4) is a crystal in which vanadium is not mixed in the sublimation raw material and a technique for reducing the impurity concentration is not used.
- the concentration of nitrogen, the main impurity is high throughout the ingot, especially in the lower part. Conduction due to uncompensated impurities is n-type . Resistivity is low at less than 1 X 10 Q ⁇ cm throughout the ingot.
- the graphite crucible was purified using the equipment shown in Fig. 1 excluding the seed crystal and the sublimation material.
- the graphite crucible 3 and the lid 4 are coated with full preparative 7 placed inside the double quartz tube 5, after evacuating the inside of the quartz tube to less than 1.0X 10- 4 Pa, while continuing the evacuation Wa Current was passed through the coil 8 and the temperature of the graphite crucible and lid was increased to 2500 ° C.
- Purification treatment time is 20 hours, during which always is created moving the vacuum exhaust device 11, the internal pressure of the quartz tube is a purification treatment pressure 1.3X10- 2 Pa Lower values were maintained.
- the graphite crucible 3 and lid 4 are cooled, taken out from the double quartz tube 5 in a vacuum glove box filled with inert gas, and prepared for crystal growth without exposing the crucible to the atmosphere.
- a SiC single crystal wafer composed of a 6H single polytype with a (0001) surface of 50 mm diameter was attached to the inner surface of the lid 4, and a commercially available SiC crystal powder and vanadium compound were attached.
- the black lead crucible 3 was filled as a sublimation raw material 2.
- the vanadium compound was mixed in such an amount that the mass concentration in the sublimation raw material was 0.032% in terms of vanadium atoms.
- the crucible filled with the raw material was closed with the lid 4 and placed again in the double quartz tube 5, and crystal growth was performed in the next process.
- the graphite crucible temperature was increased to 2400 ° C. Then continued to grow for about 20 hours.
- the temperature gradient in the crucible at this time was 14.5 to: 15.5 CZcin, and the growth rate was about 0.8 mm / hour.
- the diameter of the obtained crystal was about 52 mm and the height was about 16 mm.
- the nitrogen concentration of the graphite crucible treated under the same conditions as the purification treatment of Example 1 was measured by the inert gas melting thermal conductivity method in order to confirm the effect of the graphite crucible purification treatment. did.
- the measurement was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 described above, and the nitrogen concentration was about 7 ppm.
- the silicon carbide single crystal thus obtained was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering. As a result, it was confirmed that a SiC single crystal having a main polytype of 6 H was grown. Three wafers having a (0001) plane just face orientation corresponding to the top, middle, and bottom of the growth crystal (the distance from the growth start surface of the seed crystal, 12rain, 8 mm, and 4 mm, respectively) The same analysis as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 5.
- the main impurity of the crystal of Example 2 (Table 5) was nitrogen, and the impurity conductivity was n-type.
- the nitrogen concentration is greatly reduced, and as a result, the uncompensated impurity concentration is reduced to 9.76 ⁇ 10 15 to 3.01 ⁇ 10 16 / C m 3 .
- the room temperature resistivity is as high as 1 X10 1 Q Qcm or higher.
- Example 3 was also manufactured using the crystal growth apparatus of FIG.
- the seed crystal 1 a SiC single crystal wafer composed of a 4 H single polytype having a (0001) face with a diameter of 100 mm was attached to the inner surface of the graphite lid 4.
- Sublimation raw material 2 was filled with a mixture of commercially available SiC crystal powder and vanadium compound in the same manner as in Example 1. The vanadium compound was mixed in such an amount that the mass concentration in the sublimation raw material was 0.042% in terms of vanadium atoms.
- the crucible 3 filled with the raw material is closed with a black lead lid 4 fitted with a seed crystal, covered with a graphite felt 7, and then placed on a graphite support rod 6, and the inside of the double quartz tube 5
- the crystal was grown by a crystal growth process that included purification of the graphite crucible.
- the contents are as follows.
- high-purity Ar gas with a purity of 99.9999% or more is introduced as atmospheric gas through the pipe 9 while being controlled by the Ar gas mass flow controller 10 and the pressure inside the quartz tube While maintaining the growth pressure at 1.3 xl 0 3 Pa, the temperature of the black lead crucible was raised to the target temperature of 2400 ° C and the growth was continued for about 20 hours. At this time, the temperature gradient in the crucible was 14.5 to 15.5 ° CZ cm, and the growth rate was about 0.8 to 0.9 mm / hour. The diameter of the obtained crystal was about 10 4 mm and the height was about 15 mm.
- the nitrogen concentration of the graphite crucible treated under the same conditions as the purification treatment of Example 3 was measured by an inert gas melting thermal conductivity method. The measurement was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 described above, and the nitrogen concentration was about 8 ppm.
- Example 3 for the purpose of investigating the in-plane distribution of characteristics, as shown in Fig. 2, a total of five points were analyzed, one at the wafer center and four at the periphery. Table 6 shows the analysis results in the central part and the maximum value of the analysis value I in the central part and the analysis value I in the peripheral part.
- the main impurity of the crystal of Example 3 (Table 6) was nitrogen, and the impurity conductivity was n-type. As the diameter of the ingot increases, the volume of the crucible increases, and the amount of nitrogen generated increases in crucibles that do not require purification. However, in Example 3, the nitrogen in the crucible was significantly reduced by the purification process. As a result, the uncompensated impurity concentration of the grown SiC single crystal was 8.97X10 15 to 3.54xl0 16 / at the center of the wafer. cm 3 is a low value. Both the uncompensated impurity and vanadium have a high room temperature resistivity of 1 XlO 1 Q Q cm or more over the entire wafer surface, although a slight concentration difference is observed in the plane.
- the growth time was 2 hours, and the film grew to a thickness of about 5 ⁇ m.
- the epitaxial thin film thus obtained was observed with a normalsky optical microscope. As a result, high-quality SiC with excellent surface morphology with very few surface defects such as bits over the entire wafer surface. It was confirmed that an epitaxy thin film was formed.
- Example 3 Furthermore, from another SiC single crystal ingot manufactured by the same process as in Example 3, it has a (0001) plane just face orientation and a diameter of 100 mm. A mirror surface wafer with a thickness of 360 m was produced. Using this mirror-finished wafer as a substrate, a gallium nitride thin film was epitaxially grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (M0CVD). Nitrogen gully um film growth conditions, the growth temperature 1050 ° C, collected by Li Mechirugari um (TMG), ammonia (NH 3), the flow rate of silane (SiH 4), respectively 54X10- 6 mol Zmin, 4 L / m in 22X 10-1 1 mol Zmin. The growth pressure was atmospheric pressure.
- TMG Li Mechirugari um
- NH 3 ammonia
- SiH 4 silane
- n-type gallium nitride was grown to a thickness of approximately 3 ⁇ .
- the epitaxial thin film thus obtained was observed with a normalsky optical microscope, a high-quality gallium nitride having a very flat morphology over the entire surface of the wafer. It was confirmed that a epitaxial thin film was formed.
- Table 7 will be used to explain the effect of the present invention.
- Table 7 summarizes Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 described above according to vanadium concentration and impurity concentration in the crystal. As shown in Table 7, only Example 1 of the present invention shows the high resistivity aimed at.
- the present invention which is intended for the combined effect of vanadium and deep level defects, is far more than would be expected from the effect when they act alone, Comparative Examples 1 and 3, or Comparative Examples 2 and 3. A big special effect can be obtained.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a SiC single crystal and a SiC single crystal wafer having high resistivity and high crystal quality.
- Ma it is possible to manufacture the SiC single crystal with a high yield while suppressing an increase in manufacturing cost.
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Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/019812 WO2006070480A1 (ja) | 2004-12-27 | 2004-12-27 | 炭化珪素単結晶、炭化珪素単結晶ウェハ及びその製造方法 |
| US10/589,680 US7794842B2 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2004-12-27 | Silicon carbide single crystal, silicon carbide single crystal wafer, and method of production of same |
| EP04808162.4A EP1852527B1 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2004-12-27 | Silicon carbide single crystal and silicon carbide single crystal wafer |
| US12/455,243 US8491719B2 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2009-05-29 | Silicon carbide single crystal, silicon carbide single crystal wafer, and method of production of same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/019812 WO2006070480A1 (ja) | 2004-12-27 | 2004-12-27 | 炭化珪素単結晶、炭化珪素単結晶ウェハ及びその製造方法 |
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| US10/589,680 A-371-Of-International US7794842B2 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2004-12-27 | Silicon carbide single crystal, silicon carbide single crystal wafer, and method of production of same |
| US12/455,243 Division US8491719B2 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2009-05-29 | Silicon carbide single crystal, silicon carbide single crystal wafer, and method of production of same |
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| WO2006070480A1 true WO2006070480A1 (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
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| PCT/JP2004/019812 Ceased WO2006070480A1 (ja) | 2004-12-27 | 2004-12-27 | 炭化珪素単結晶、炭化珪素単結晶ウェハ及びその製造方法 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (2) | US7794842B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1852527B1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006070480A1 (ja) |
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| JP2011219296A (ja) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-11-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | 炭化珪素単結晶ウェハ |
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| JP2011178621A (ja) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-15 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 炭化珪素結晶の製造方法、炭化珪素結晶、および炭化珪素結晶の製造装置 |
| JP2011219296A (ja) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-11-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | 炭化珪素単結晶ウェハ |
| TWI698397B (zh) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-07-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 碳化矽粉體的純化方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20080220232A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
| EP1852527B1 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
| EP1852527A1 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
| US7794842B2 (en) | 2010-09-14 |
| US8491719B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 |
| EP1852527A4 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
| US20090255458A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
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