WO2006077752A1 - 放射線方向性検出器及び放射線モニタリング方法、装置 - Google Patents
放射線方向性検出器及び放射線モニタリング方法、装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006077752A1 WO2006077752A1 PCT/JP2006/300148 JP2006300148W WO2006077752A1 WO 2006077752 A1 WO2006077752 A1 WO 2006077752A1 JP 2006300148 W JP2006300148 W JP 2006300148W WO 2006077752 A1 WO2006077752 A1 WO 2006077752A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- scintillator
- radiation
- incident
- scintillators
- direction detector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/169—Exploration, location of contaminated surface areas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2907—Angle determination; Directional detectors; Telescopes
Definitions
- Radiation direction detector Radiation direction detector, radiation monitoring method and apparatus
- the present invention relates to the direction of incidence of radiation such as gamma rays and beta rays that enter from the circumferential direction in fields that use radioactive materials and radiation, such as the nuclear power industry, radiology, radiation industry measurement, and nondestructive inspection.
- the present invention relates to a radiation direction detector, a radiation monitoring method, and an apparatus for detecting a radiation.
- a radiation direction detector having a wide directivity suitable for use in a monitoring post for detecting leakage of radiation to the environment around a nuclear facility such as a nuclear power plant, and the detector is used.
- a conventional gamma ray detector used as a survey meter or a monitoring post calculates a count rate that is a count per unit time or a dose rate that is a dose per unit time.
- a CsI (Tl) scintillator 34 is joined to the rear side, and radiation detector 30 that generates directivity is also developed based on the relationship between the shape of the electric pulse generated when gamma rays are incident and the shape characteristics such as rise and fall.
- 36 is a photoelectric conversion element
- 38 is a light shielding case.
- the plastic scintillator 32 has a low density.
- the probability that the plastic scintillator 32 reacts when 2 keV gamma rays are also incident is, for example, about 5% at most in the calculation result using the public code EGS4 of the Monte Carlo simulation method, and 95% has no reaction. It does not start and enters the rear CsI (Tl) scintillator 34 and is incapable of calculation in principle. That is, the problem of low gamma ray detection efficiency arises.
- the sensitivity of response varies greatly depending on the incident angle.
- the sensitivity is high in the forward direction facing the plastic scintillator 32, but the sensitivity decreases sharply in the horizontal direction at 20 degrees or more, so it is not suitable for monitoring bosses that require wide directivity. Furthermore, (3) when setting the directivity, a separate operation for recognizing complicated elements such as the size and shape of the electric pulse is required. (4) There is no sensitivity behind the detector. In addition, (5) there was a problem that the counting rate and dose rate of radiation on the spot could not be obtained.
- the present invention reduces the weight of the detector, improves the radiation detection efficiency, refines the detection information by measurement in the half or full circumference direction, and improves the operability by simplifying the settings.
- the task is to plan.
- the present invention is a radiation direction detector for detecting the incident direction of radiation, and at least a part of the detector is overlapped in the circumferential direction so as to form a shadow with respect to the radiation incident from the circumferential direction.
- a plurality of scintillators made of the same material and arranged so that light emitted from one scintillator does not enter another scintillator, and a light receiving element optically joined to each scintillator.
- two scintillators are used to detect the incident direction over a half circumference of 0 to 180 degrees.
- the number of scintillators is three or more, and the incident direction covers the entire circumference from 0 degrees to 360 degrees. Can be detected.
- the scintillator is formed by dividing a single scintillator into a plurality of parts in the circumferential direction so that the characteristics are uniform and the manufacture is facilitated.
- each scintillator is connected to an amplifier having a different amplification factor, a single A / D conversion is connected to the amplifier, and the wave height analyzer corresponding to each scintillator is connected to the AZD conversion. Can be analyzed at low cost.
- an amplifier is connected to each scintillator, AZD conversions having different conversion rates are connected to each amplifier, and a pulse height analyzer corresponding to each scintillator is connected to the AZD conversion. It is also possible to analyze at low cost.
- each scintillator is connected to an amplifier, each amplifier is connected to an AZD transformation, and each A, D transformation and a wave height analyzer are connected to each of the scintillators to achieve high accuracy. Analysis is possible.
- the present invention also provides a radiation monitoring method using the above-mentioned radiation direction detector.
- the present invention provides a radiation monitoring apparatus comprising the radiation direction detector.
- the incident direction can be directly obtained as a numerical value in a half-round of 0 to 180 degrees or in the entire circumferential range of 0 to 360 degrees, and both the force and the sensitivity depending on the direction are stable.
- a detector can be obtained.
- by setting the ratio it can be given any directivity, and a survey meter with alarm can be realized.
- since a lead collimator is not required it is lightweight and excellent in portability.
- the position of the radiation source can be specified by knowing the incident directions with respect to a plurality of detectors. Therefore, from the viewpoint of radiation management, protection, and monitoring, it can be a detection device that is effective during normal times and emergencies. In particular, when the same scintillator is used, dose evaluation is easy.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a radiation detector described in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 Similarly, (A) a plan view and (B) a sectional view.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the scintillator portion.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the measurement apparatus.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control device.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view for explaining the measurement principle of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the incident direction and the ratio.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a modified example of the joining scintillator.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a measuring apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the measurement apparatus of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13A is a plan view and FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a spectrum diagram of an example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15A is a plan view and FIG. 15B is a front view showing a configuration of an application example of the present invention.
- the detection unit 40 of the gamma-ray directionality detector according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2 (perspective view), Fig. 3 (A) (plan view), and Fig. 3 (B) (see also the front force).
- Cross-sectional view) and Fig. 4 (exploded perspective view of bonded scintillator) are formed into a cylindrical shape by joining fan-shaped scintillators 41, 42, 43 with a high vertical angle of 120 degrees with high luminous efficiency as shown in Fig. 4 And a light receiving element 51, 52, 53 having a light receiving surface optically coupled to the joint scintillator 44.
- Reflective members 45 and 46 for preventing the light emission power of one scintillator from entering other scintillators are interposed at the boundary surfaces of the respective fan-shaped scintillators 41, 42 and 43.
- a reflective material is used in this way, light emitted from a scintillator can be reflected back into the scintillator and detection efficiency is high.
- the method for preventing the interference between the scintillators is not limited to this.
- an absorbing material may be used, or air may be interposed between the scintillators to totally reflect the inner surface of the scintillator.
- the detector 40 includes a detector 61 including the scintillator 41 and a light receiving element 51, a detector 62 including the scintillator 42 and the light receiving element 52, and the scintillator.
- a detector 63 composed of 43 and a light receiving element 53 is built in.
- the power supply 60 that supplies power to each detector 61, 62, 63 and the output signal of each detector 61, 62, 63 are input and amplified.
- the range of An alarm setting device 91 for setting by the rate R and an alarm device 92 for generating an alarm when the ratio R enters the range are connected.
- the control device 70 includes, for example, three amplifiers 71, 72, 73 having different amplification factors as shown in FIG. 6, the same as the scintillator, a single AZD variable ⁇ 74, and the same number of scintillators 3 A multi-channel wave height analyzer 77 with more channels is provided.
- one type of scintillator is divided into three scintillators 41, 42, 43 having an apex angle of 120 degrees, and reflectors 45, 46 are applied to the divided surfaces and connected to each other to form one A joint scintillator 44 is formed, and the scintillators 41, 42, and 43 are optically coupled to the light receiving surfaces of the light receiving elements 51, 52, and 53, respectively, to form a detection unit 40.
- High-density fan scintillators 41, 42, 43 for example, high detection efficiency with respect to gamma rays, NaI (T1) scintillator is used, and the circumferential direction from 0 degrees to 360 degrees is used.
- a detector having effective directivity can be configured.
- the circumferential position of the joining scintillator 44 in the plan view of FIG. 7 (A) is defined as 0 degree in the left direction of the joining scintillator 44 and 180 degrees in the right direction by turning counterclockwise. 360 degrees in the direction of the circumference.
- the gun is seen from the 60 degree direction of the joining scintillator 44.
- a certain object causes a photoelectric effect in the scintillator 41, and a certain object passes through the scintillator 41 without reacting, and the scintillators 42 and 43 cause a photoelectric effect.
- Light pulses due to the photoelectric effect of the scintillators 41, 42, 43 are converted into charge pulses by the corresponding light receiving elements 51, 52, 53, and output to the control device 70.
- step 1000 When radiation such as gamma rays or beta rays enters the scintillators 41, 42, and 43, light is emitted and light pulses are generated (step 1000).
- This light pulse is detected by the light receiving elements 51, 52, and 53 and converted into electricity (step 1010), and the weak analog electrical output signal is amplified by the amplifiers 71, 72, and 73 at a predetermined amplification factor (step 1020). Further, the amplified signal is AZD converted by the AZD converter 74 to obtain a digital signal corresponding to the intensity of the optical pulse (step 1030), and the digital signal is analyzed by the multi-channel pulse height analyzer 77 to obtain a peak. 41P, 42P, and 43P are obtained (step 1040).
- the light receiving element is not limited to a single photomultiplier tube, but is composed of a large number of photomultiplier tubes, and simultaneously detects the light emission of a large number of scintillators.
- a multi-anode photomultiplier tube that outputs an electrical signal indicating the position of the optical element is also included.
- the scintillators 41, 42, 43 are all the same material, they cannot be identified by the wave height analyzer 77 in the subsequent stage. Therefore, in this embodiment, by changing the amplification factors of the amplifiers 71, 72, 73 in the control device 70 as shown in FIG. 6, after the AZD conversion by the AZD conversion 74, a single multichannel wave height analyzer is obtained. 77 makes it possible to identify them and reduce costs. In place of a single multi-channel pulse height analyzer, a number of single-channel pulse height analyzers corresponding to the scintillator may be used.
- each charge pulse enters the amplifiers 71, 72, and 73, and assuming that the amplification factor ratio of the amplifier 71 is 100%, the amplifier 72 is 50% and the amplifier 73 is 25%, for example. to go into.
- the wave height analyzer 77 shown in FIG. 6 displays the spectrum obtained as a result of the wave height analysis for easy understanding. However, the wave height analyzer 77 does not actually have a function for displaying the spectrum. Also good.
- the count value of each peak is obtained by the peak calculation software 81 already in practical use, for example, the count of the peak 41P by the scintillator 41, the peak 42P by the scintillator 42, and the peak 43P by the scintillator 43 is obtained.
- R 3/5, 1/5, 1Z5) is obtained.
- each ratio R is in the range of 1/5 to 3/5 in this example.
- the ratio of direct incidence and indirect incidence changes from the 0 degree direction to the 360 degree direction, and accordingly, the ratio scales change as shown in the graphs 41G, 42G, and 43G in FIG. Therefore, conversely, by obtaining the combination of the ratios R, the incident direction of gamma rays can be known.
- an alarm can be generated from the alarm device 92 when gamma rays are incident from that direction.
- the number of scintillators is assumed to be 3! /, So detection in the circumferential direction from 0 degrees to 360 degrees is possible. Note that the number of scintillators is not limited to three, and the number of scintillators may be two if detection in the half-circumferential direction from 0 degrees to 180 degrees is sufficient. It may be 4 or more.
- the shape of the joining scintillator 44 is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and FIG.
- a polygonal column such as a hexagonal column as illustrated in (A), an elliptical column, or a hollow donut shape as illustrated in Fig. 10 (B), and light receiving elements 51, 52, and 53 arranged inside It may be.
- the gamma-ray directionality detector according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the power obtained by changing the amplification factors of the amplifiers 71, 72, and 73 In the embodiment, a single multichannel wave height analyzer 77 is used after performing AZD conversion by changing the conversion rate of the AZD converters 74, 75, and 76 as shown in FIG. Make identification possible and reduce costs.
- the incident direction of gamma rays can be known, and an alarm can be set.
- the detection unit 100 is shown in Fig. 13 (A) (plan view) and Fig. 13 (B) (viewed from the front).
- a light receiving element 111 having a light receiving surface optically coupled to the cylindrical scintillator 101 and an optically coupled light receiving surface 111 and the cylindrical scintillator 102 are optically arranged.
- the light receiving element 112 having a light receiving surface coupled to the light receiving element 112 and the cylindrical scintillator 103 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the light receiving element 113 having an optically coupled light receiving surface and arranged in the circumferential direction.
- a thin aluminum foil is reflected on the Nal (Tl) scintillators 41, 42, and 43 of a fan-shaped column with a diameter of 75 mm and a thickness of 50 mm and a vertical angle of 120 degrees.
- the detection unit 40 is configured by using the multiplier tube as the light receiving elements 51, 52, and 53.
- the material of the case of the detection unit 40 is an anoromium that shields visible light and ultraviolet rays that disturb the light emitted by the scintillator, or stainless steel.
- a high voltage of about 800 V was supplied from the power supply device 60 to the detectors 61, 62, and 63.
- Cs 137 which is a typical gamma ray source used for calibration of general survey meters and the like and used in industrial measurement devices, non-destructive inspection devices, etc., was prepared.
- the radioactivity intensity was weak 3.7MBq.
- the radiation source was installed at a position 100 cm from the center of the scintillator joint surface, rotated from 0 degrees to 360 degrees in the circumferential direction with respect to the cylinder axis, and counted for 300 seconds in each direction.
- this condition is that a normal 37 GBq source is 10 m away, and the number of gamma rays incident on the junction scintillator 44 is the same as when counting for 3 seconds.
- the general-purpose peak calculation software 81 built in the CPU 80 can recognize the peaks and obtain the count values of these peaks. Then, the ratio R is calculated by the ratio calculation software 81 built in the CPU 80.
- the ratio R is included in the range.
- Alarm is generated by alarm device 92.
- the incident direction is obtained numerically and has a function of generating an alarm.
- the Nal (T1) scintillator is used! /, But Csl (T1) scintillator, some! / ⁇ can be replaced with a BGO scintillator or another scintillator.
- the diameter of the coupling scintillator 44 is set to 75 mm as in the embodiment.
- each scintillator and the light receiving surface of the light receiving element is structurally easy to directly join, but can be indirectly joined via an optical fiber or the like. is there.
- the detector of the present invention is mounted on a fixing means 202 such as a tripod or a pole as shown in Fig. 15 (A) (plan view) and Fig. 15 (B) (front view). It can be used as a wide directivity gamma ray monitoring post 204 provided around the periphery. It can also be used as a wide directivity gamma ray survey meter.
- a fixing means 202 such as a tripod or a pole as shown in Fig. 15 (A) (plan view) and Fig. 15 (B) (front view). It can be used as a wide directivity gamma ray monitoring post 204 provided around the periphery. It can also be used as a wide directivity gamma ray survey meter.
- the detection target is not limited to gamma rays, and can be applied to detection of the direction of beta rays by using My force or the like. In this case, the location of surface contamination can be detected quickly.
- the present invention relates to gamma rays and beta rays incident from the circumferential direction in fields where radioactive materials and radiation are used, such as in the nuclear industry, radiology, radiation industry measurement, and nondestructive inspection. It can be used to detect the incident direction.
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- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006800008435A CN101019041B (zh) | 2005-01-21 | 2006-01-10 | 放射线方向检测器和放射线监测方法及装置 |
| EP06702565.0A EP1840596B1 (en) | 2005-01-21 | 2006-01-10 | Radiation directivity detector, and radiation monitoring method and device |
| US10/584,838 US7655912B2 (en) | 2005-01-21 | 2006-01-10 | Direction finding radiation detector, and radiation monitoring method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005014578A JP4159052B2 (ja) | 2005-01-21 | 2005-01-21 | 放射線方向性検出器及び放射線モニタリング方法、装置 |
| JP2005-014578 | 2005-01-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006077752A1 true WO2006077752A1 (ja) | 2006-07-27 |
Family
ID=36692142
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/300148 Ceased WO2006077752A1 (ja) | 2005-01-21 | 2006-01-10 | 放射線方向性検出器及び放射線モニタリング方法、装置 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7655912B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1840596B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4159052B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101019041B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006077752A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008015382A3 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-04-10 | Symetrica Ltd | Gamma-ray detector |
| US7734447B2 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2010-06-08 | National Institute Of Radiological Science | Radiation measuring device and data processing method |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4766263B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-29 | 2011-09-07 | 独立行政法人放射線医学総合研究所 | 放射線の全天球型入射方向検出装置、及び、放射線モニタリング方法、装置 |
| JP4734618B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-14 | 2011-07-27 | 独立行政法人放射線医学総合研究所 | 放射線測定装置 |
| EP2146226A1 (en) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-01-20 | ICx Technologies GmbH | Detector system for the measurement of radiation |
| EP2146225A1 (en) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-01-20 | ICx Technologies GmbH | Detector system with positioning system |
| CN104040374B (zh) * | 2012-01-13 | 2016-11-16 | 国立研究开发法人量子科学技术研究开发机构 | 放射性物质检测装置、放射线源位置可视化系统和放射性物质检测方法 |
| CN102608645B (zh) * | 2012-03-08 | 2014-03-26 | 重庆地质仪器厂 | 一种射线测量仪 |
| JP5918093B2 (ja) | 2012-09-21 | 2016-05-18 | 日立アロカメディカル株式会社 | 放射線測定装置及び放射線測定方法 |
| CN102890285A (zh) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-01-23 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | 一种采用特殊光传导器的辐射成像闪烁探测装置 |
| JP5999064B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-09 | 2016-09-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 放射線入射方向検出器 |
| US10024985B1 (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-07-17 | David Edward Newman | Gamma ray detector with two-dimensional directionality |
| US9864074B1 (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2018-01-09 | David Edward Newman | Directional particle detector with shield and scintillators |
| US10101472B1 (en) | 2017-10-08 | 2018-10-16 | David Edward Newman | Radiation detector with two-dimensional directionality |
| US10613248B2 (en) | 2017-10-24 | 2020-04-07 | Alert R&D, LLC | Passive alerting and locating system |
| US10416322B1 (en) | 2018-02-04 | 2019-09-17 | David Edward Newman | One-dimensional directional shieldless particle detector |
| US10330804B1 (en) * | 2018-02-04 | 2019-06-25 | David Edward Newman | One-dimensional directional particle detector |
| US10605932B1 (en) | 2018-04-22 | 2020-03-31 | David Edward Newman | Compact directional radiation detector system |
| US11204444B2 (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2021-12-21 | Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC | Quantum dot lightning detection and warning system and method |
| CN113608254B (zh) * | 2021-09-10 | 2025-03-07 | 北京滨松光子技术股份有限公司 | 一种闪烁体组件、闪烁体封装结构及探测器 |
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- 2006-01-10 CN CN2006800008435A patent/CN101019041B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-01-10 EP EP06702565.0A patent/EP1840596B1/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-01-10 WO PCT/JP2006/300148 patent/WO2006077752A1/ja not_active Ceased
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7734447B2 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2010-06-08 | National Institute Of Radiological Science | Radiation measuring device and data processing method |
| WO2008015382A3 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-04-10 | Symetrica Ltd | Gamma-ray detector |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101019041A (zh) | 2007-08-15 |
| EP1840596A4 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
| US20070221854A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
| JP4159052B2 (ja) | 2008-10-01 |
| EP1840596A1 (en) | 2007-10-03 |
| EP1840596B1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| JP2006201086A (ja) | 2006-08-03 |
| US7655912B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 |
| CN101019041B (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
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