WO2006080167A1 - 心電図信号処理方法および心電図信号処理装置 - Google Patents
心電図信号処理方法および心電図信号処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006080167A1 WO2006080167A1 PCT/JP2005/023601 JP2005023601W WO2006080167A1 WO 2006080167 A1 WO2006080167 A1 WO 2006080167A1 JP 2005023601 W JP2005023601 W JP 2005023601W WO 2006080167 A1 WO2006080167 A1 WO 2006080167A1
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- electrocardiogram
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/344—Foetal cardiography
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/43—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems
- A61B5/4306—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems for evaluating the female reproductive systems, e.g. gynaecological evaluations
- A61B5/4343—Pregnancy and labour monitoring, e.g. for labour onset detection
- A61B5/4362—Assessing foetal parameters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Clinical applications
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrocardiogram signal processing method and an electrocardiogram signal processing apparatus for detecting an electrocardiogram of a fetus from a pregnant mother.
- Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 1 describes a method for measuring a fetal electrocardiogram signal obtained from a fetal scalp electrode.
- this method is clearly an invasive method. Measurement time is limited only at the time of delivery.
- Patent Document 2 is an invasive method in which a microcapsule is directly attached to a fetus through a hysteroscope, and the mother body is attached to the fetus in order to attach the microcapsule to the fetus. Surgery is required. Therefore, application is limited, and there is a problem similar to the example of Patent Document 1.
- non-patent document 5 by Rasauer et al. are known as methods for extracting fetal electrocardiogram signals using an independent component analysis method (BSS).
- BSS independent component analysis method
- these methods cannot identify the order and magnitude of ECG signal extraction, and are vulnerable to the inclusion of EMG signals with similar probability distributions. Cannot be extracted at the same time.
- a signal close to the fetal electrocardiogram signal is searched for from several independent components of the analysis result, and the signal is considered as a fetal electrocardiogram signal. Therefore, it is difficult to clear the practical problems as described above.
- Non-Patent Document 6 proposes a method of extracting a periodic function using the timing of the periodic function as a reference signal.
- the number of estimation parameters is enormous, and to estimate the phenomenon of 0.5 seconds, more than 100 parameters must be estimated at the same time.
- the algorithm is unstable and the functions that can be estimated are limited. It is done.
- the signal sources that can be used as reference signals are limited. It is impossible to extract fetal ECG signals by this method.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Translation of Special Publication 2002-532182
- Patent Document 2 JP 2004-121733 A
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Translation of Special Publication 2002—538872
- Non-patent document 1 Rosen KG: Fetal ECu waveform analysis in labour. Fetal monitoring. Physiology and techniques of antenatal and intrapartum assessment. Ad. Spencer JA D. Castle House Publications, pp.184-187, 1989 Fetal electrocardiogram analysis ⁇ Fetal monitor's physiology and technique of fetal evaluation before and during childbirth)
- Non-patent document 2 Akiyuki Ogawa: Normal fetus ⁇ Newborn ECG Auto-regression analysis of RR interval time series.
- Non-Patent Document 4 Taylor MJO, et al .: Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography in signleton and multiple pregnancies. BJOG, 110,668—78, 2003. (Taylor MOJ, noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram in the single and multiple wombs)
- Non-patent contribution 5 Lathauwer LD, et al.: Fetal electrocardiogram extraction by bund sour ce subspace separation. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 47, 567—572, 2000. Fetal electrocardiogram extraction method using LD, independent subspace extraction method)
- Patent Document 6 Barros AK, et al.,: Extraction of event-related signals from multi_ch annel bioelectrical measurements. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 47, 583_588, 2000 (Noguchi Ik AK: Related to biogenic signal force generation event) To extract the processed signal)
- the conventional techniques cannot distinguish (1) signal sources with similar probability distributions or frequency distributions such as EMG noise and 50Hz high frequency noise. (2) R wave can be extracted to some extent, but it is difficult to extract P wave and T wave. (3) Actively specifying the type of guidance required for ECG diagnosis. (4) It is impossible to predict in which separated signal channel the fetal ECG signal will appear. (5) There was a problem that the extraction accuracy of the fetal electrocardiogram signal was deteriorated by being dragged by the large-amplitude maternal ECG signal.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and extracts a fetal electrocardiogram signal contained in a biopotential signal (abdominal electrocardiogram signal) detected from an electrode attached to the mother body.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrocardiogram signal processing method and an electrocardiogram signal processing apparatus.
- an electrocardiogram signal processing method includes a bioelectric potential signal including an electrocardiogram signal of a mother and a fetus inputted from an electrode attached to the pregnant mother.
- a detector force for detecting a fetal heartbeat cycle A reference signal generation step for generating a reference signal for separating and extracting a fetal electrocardiogram signal of a specified guidance format based on an input heartbeat cycle signal;
- a fetus electrocardiogram signal of a specified induction type is separated and extracted by a reference system independent component analysis method based on the reference signal generated in the reference signal generation step from the biopotential signal input from the electrode.
- a biopotential signal can be detected noninvasively from an electrode attached to the mother body, and a fetal electrocardiogram signal is obtained using a reference signal based on the fetal heartbeat cycle detected by the detector.
- the fetal electrocardiogram signal of the specified induction type can be actively extracted by separating and extracting the signal from the bioelectric potential signal by the reference system independent component analysis method.
- An electrocardiogram signal processing method according to claim 2 of the present invention is the electrocardiogram signal processing method according to claim 1,
- the cardiac cycle signal is an ultrasonic signal input from an ultrasonic sensor that can be attached to a mother body.
- the ultrasonic signal of the fetal heart can be clearly obtained at each gestational week and the S / N ratio of the ultrasonic signal is good
- the reference signal generated based on this ultrasonic signal can be used as the fetal ECG signal.
- biopotential signal force fetal electrocardiogram signal can be extracted with high probability.
- An electrocardiogram signal processing method according to claim 3 of the present invention is the electrocardiogram signal processing method according to claim 1 or 2
- Maternal electrocardiogram signal removal step for removing the main components of the maternal electrocardiogram based on the maternal electrocardiogram signal input from the maternal electrode mainly attached to the maternal chest from the biopotential signal input from the electrode It is characterized by including.
- the fetal electrocardiogram signal can be easily extracted by the independent component analysis method performed in the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction step.
- An electrocardiogram signal processing method according to claim 4 of the present invention is the electrocardiogram signal processing method according to claim 3,
- An averaged biopotential is obtained by averaging a plurality of biopotential signals input from the electrodes attached so that the obtained biopotential signals have spatially independent external components at a plurality of different parts of the mother body.
- An averaged biopotential signal generation step that generates a signal and input from a maternal electrode that is attached to a plurality of different parts of the maternal chest, mainly so that the resulting biopotential signal has spatially independent vector components.
- Multiple maternal An averaged maternal ECG signal generating step for averaging the ECG signals to generate an averaged maternal ECG signal;
- the maternal electrocardiogram signal removal step based on the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generated in the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generation step from the averaged biopotential signal generated in the averaged bioelectric potential signal generation step. It is characterized by removing the main components of the maternal ECG.
- the electrocardiogram of the mother based on the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generated in the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generation step from the averaged bioelectric potential signal generated in the averaged bioelectric potential signal generation step.
- the main components of the maternal ECG that may be highly correlated with the reference signal used in the independent component analysis method of the fetal ECG signal extraction step can be removed. Potential Signal force Fetal electrocardiogram signal can be easily extracted.
- the electrocardiogram signal processing method according to claim 5 of the present invention is the electrocardiogram signal processing method according to claim 3 or 4,
- the maternal electrocardiogram signal removal step a plurality of times included in the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generated in the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generation step and / or one maternal electrode force is input. From the averaged maternal ECG signal generated by averaging the sequential repeating units, a transformation vector based on the weighting using the least square method is created, and the maternal ECG signal estimated by the created transformation vector Based on the above, it is characterized by removing the main components of the maternal electrocardiogram.
- An electrocardiogram signal processing method is the electrocardiogram signal processing method according to any one of claims:! To 5,
- the method further comprises a re-montage step in which the bipolar terminals of the electrodes are reassembled into an optimal combination for performing at least the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction step based on the input fetal position information.
- the fetal electrocardiogram signal included in the biopotential signal detected by the electrode can be further increased by reassembling the bipolar terminal of the electrode into an optimal combination based on the input fetal position information.
- the fetal electrocardiogram signal can be obtained in the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction step.
- the electrocardiogram signal processing method according to claim 7 of the present invention is the electrocardiogram signal processing method according to any one of claims:! To 6,
- a fetal heartbeat period value is specified based on the heartbeat period signal, a template signal that matches a plurality of template signal forces and a specified guidance format is selected, and the selected template signal is based on the selected template signal.
- the reference signal is generated so as to have the same period value as the specified fetal heartbeat period value. According to this feature, by preparing a plurality of template signals in advance, the processing load when generating the reference signal performed in the reference signal generating step is reduced, and the reference signal can be generated at high speed. Multiple template signal forces Select a template signal that matches the specified guidance format, and generate a reference signal based on this template signal so that it has the same period value as the fetal heartbeat period value.
- the fetal ECG signal can be extracted with high probability from the biopotential signal by the independent component analysis method of the fetal ECG signal extraction step to be used.
- An electrocardiogram signal processing device according to claim 8 of the present invention provides:
- An electrocardiogram signal processing apparatus for extracting an electrocardiogram signal of a fetus from a biopotential signal including an electrocardiogram signal of the mother and the fetus inputted from electrodes attached to the maternal body during pregnancy,
- a heartbeat cycle signal input unit for inputting a heartbeat cycle signal of the fetus, and a fetal electrocardiogram of a specified induction type based on the heartbeat cycle signal input from the heartbeat cycle signal input unit
- a reference signal generating means for generating a reference signal for separating and extracting a figure signal; and a specified guidance based on a reference signal generated by the reference signal generating means from a biopotential signal input from the electrode
- a fetal electrocardiogram signal extracting means for separating and extracting a fetal electrocardiogram signal in a format by a reference system independent component analysis method
- a biopotential signal can be detected noninvasively from an electrode attached to the mother body, and a reference signal based on a fetal heartbeat period input from a heartbeat period signal input unit is used.
- An electrocardiogram signal processing device is the electrocardiogram signal processing device according to claim 8,
- the heartbeat cycle signal input to the heartbeat cycle signal input unit is an ultrasonic signal input from an ultrasonic sensor that can be attached to the mother body.
- the ultrasonic signal of the fetal heart can be clearly obtained at each gestational week and the S / N ratio of the ultrasonic signal is good
- the reference signal generated based on this ultrasonic signal can be used as the fetal ECG signal.
- the fetal electrocardiogram signal can be extracted from the biopotential signal with a high probability by using the independent component analysis method of the extraction means.
- the electrocardiogram signal processing device according to claim 10 of the present invention is the electrocardiogram signal processing device according to claim 8 or 9,
- Maternal electrocardiogram signal removing means for removing main components of the maternal electrocardiogram based on the electrocardiogram signal of the maternal body mainly input from the maternal electrode attached to the maternal chest from the bioelectric potential signal input from the electrode. It is characterized by having.
- the fetal electrocardiogram signal can be easily extracted by the reference system independent component analysis method performed by the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction means.
- the electrocardiogram signal processing device is the electrocardiogram signal processing device according to claim 10, An averaged biopotential is obtained by averaging a plurality of biopotential signals input from the electrodes attached so that the obtained biopotential signals have spatially independent external components at a plurality of different parts of the mother body. Averaged biopotential signal generating means for generating a signal;
- a maternal body based on the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generated by the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generating means from the averaged bioelectric potential signal generated by the averaged bioelectric potential signal generating means. It is characterized by removing the main components of ECG.
- an electrocardiogram of the mother based on the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generated by the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generation means from the averaged bioelectric potential signal generated by the averaged bioelectric potential signal generation means.
- An electrocardiogram signal processing device is the electrocardiogram signal processing device according to claim 10 or 11,
- the maternal electrocardiogram signal removing means a plurality of the maternal electrocardiogram signals generated by the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generation means and / or the maternal electrocardiogram signals input from one maternal electrode are included.
- a transformation vector based on weighting using the least squares method is created from the averaged maternal ECG signal generated by averaging the time series repetition units of the maternal ECG signal estimated by the created transformation vector Is based on removing the main components of the maternal ECG.
- the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generated by the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generation means and the maternal electrocardiogram signal input from Z or one maternal electrode are used.
- the average maternal ECG signal generated by averaging multiple time-series repeating units included is weighted using the least squares method and weighted using the least squares method.
- the main components of the electrocardiogram can be removed at a high speed, the processing load performed by the maternal electrocardiogram signal removal means is reduced, and processing can be performed online in retinal time.
- An electrocardiogram signal processing device is the electrocardiogram signal processing device according to any one of claims 8 to 12;
- Re-montage means for reassembling the bipolar terminal of the electrode based on the input fetal position information so as to obtain an optimum combination for separating and extracting the fetal electrocardiogram signal by at least the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction means is provided. It is characterized by that. According to this feature, the fetal electrocardiogram signal included in the biopotential signal detected by the electrode can be further increased by reassembling the bipolar terminal of the electrode into an optimal combination based on the input fetal position information. The fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction means can obtain a good fetal electrocardiogram signal.
- An electrocardiogram signal processing device is the electrocardiogram signal processing device according to any one of claims 8 to 13;
- the fetal heartbeat period value is specified based on the heartbeat period signal, and a plurality of template signal forces stored in advance are selected as template signals that match the specified induction format, and the selected The reference signal is generated based on the template signal so as to have the same period value as the specified fetal heartbeat period value.
- the reference signal generation unit stores a plurality of template signals in advance, thereby reducing the processing load when generating the reference signal performed by the reference signal generation unit, and generating the reference signal at high speed. Select a template signal that matches the specified guidance format from multiple template signals and generate a reference signal based on this template signal so that it has the same period value as the fetal heartbeat period value.
- the fetal electrocardiogram signal can be extracted from the biopotential signal with high probability by the independent component analysis method of the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction means using the reference signal.
- FIG. 1 A diagram showing an overall view of an electrocardiogram signal processing apparatus.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a preprocessing unit.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a maternal signal removal unit.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a reference signal generation unit.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the main calculation unit.
- FIG. 6 A photograph of the ECG signal processor and implementation status is shown.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a comparison between the results of the conventional independent component analysis method and the reference independent component analysis method of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall view of an electrocardiogram signal processing apparatus A according to an embodiment of the present invention, and reference numeral 1 in FIG.
- the target maternal body is shown, and a plurality of electrodes E are attached to the skin of the abdomen of the mother 1.
- a bioelectric potential signal composite biological signal
- various signals such as a maternal electrocardiogram signal, a myometrial electromyogram signal, and a maternal electromyogram signal generated from the maternal heart la of the maternal body 1 are combined.
- This biopotential signal includes a fetal electrocardiogram signal generated from fetal heart lc of fetal lb in the uterus of mother 1.
- a plurality of maternal electrodes E ' are attached mainly to the skin of the breast of the maternal body 1, and from this maternal electrode E', fetal electrocardiogram signal components are transmitted.
- a maternal electrocardiogram signal component that is spatially orthogonal to the non-contained maternal electrocardiogram signal component is detected.
- an ultrasonic sensor S as a detector in the present embodiment is attached to the skin of the abdomen of the mother body 1, and the heart beat generated from the fetal heart lc is detected as an ultrasonic signal from the ultrasonic sensor S.
- the heartbeat cycle of the fetal heart lc included in this ultrasonic signal is used when generating a reference signal to be described later as a heartbeat cycle signal (reference original signal).
- Reference numeral 2 in FIG. 1 denotes a preprocessing unit for converting a biopotential signal detected from the electrode E attached to the base 1 into a digital signal for analysis.
- This preprocessing unit 2 performs data segmentation for biopotential signal measurement, signal amplification, AD conversion, and online processing, further enhances the fetal electrocardiogram signal contained in the biopotential signal, and reduces common noise. Perform a re-montage step to reduce.
- Reference numeral 3 in FIG. 1 denotes a maternal electrocardiogram signal removal as a maternal electrocardiogram signal removal means in this embodiment for removing main components of the maternal electrocardiogram signal from the bioelectric potential signal inputted from the electrode E of the maternal 1 Indicates the part.
- This maternal signal removal unit 3 performs a maternal electrocardiogram signal removal step of previously removing a maternal electrocardiogram signal that is easily correlated with a reference signal, which will be described later, from the bioelectric potential signal. By removing the bioelectric potential signal force in advance from the maternal electrocardiogram signal, the fetal electrocardiogram signal can be easily extracted by the reference system independent component analysis method as described later.
- Reference numeral 4 in FIG. 1 denotes reference signal generating means in the present embodiment for generating a reference signal for separating and extracting a fetal electrocardiogram signal of a specified induction format from a biopotential signal.
- the reference signal generators are shown.
- this reference signal generation unit 4 the heart rate of the fetal heart lc detected from the heart rate cycle signal input unit 17 such as at least one ultrasonic sensor S (ultrasonic signal measuring instrument) arranged outside the mother body 1 is detected. Based on the periodic signal, a reference signal generation step is performed for generating a reference signal for separating and extracting a fetal electrocardiogram signal of a specified guidance type.
- this reference signal is used to extract the induction type fetal electrocardiogram signal specified in the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction step described later, it is correlated with the induction type fetal electrocardiogram signal that is the extraction purpose. It is assumed that is high.
- the reference signal generation unit 4 uses a fetal heart cycle value specified from the heart cycle signal of the fetal heart lc as a timing function, and derives the target induction of the fetal electrocardiogram signal from a plurality of template signals stored in advance. A template signal corresponding to the format is selected, and the selected template signal is pasted on the timing function signal to perform a reference signal generation step of generating a reference signal so as to have the same period value as the fetal heartbeat period value.
- Reference numeral 5 in FIG. 1 denotes a fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction step in which the reference signal generated in the reference signal generation step is used to actively extract a designated inductive fetal electrocardiogram signal from the biopotential signal.
- the main calculation part as a fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction means of the present Example to be performed is shown.
- the main calculation unit 5 extracts a fetal electrocardiogram signal from the bioelectric potential signal by using a reference system independent component analysis method based on the reference signal generated in the reference signal generation step.
- An electrocardiogram waveform of the fetal heart lc generated based on the extracted fetal electrocardiogram signal is displayed on the monitor 6.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the preprocessing unit 2, and the preprocessing unit 2 is connected to the bioelectric potential from the electrode E attached to the mother body 1.
- a measurement unit 7 to which a signal is input a signal amplification unit 8 for amplifying the biopotential signal obtained by the measurement unit 7, an AD conversion unit 9 for converting the input analog signal into a digital signal, and online calculation It consists of a data 'buffer' memory unit 10 that stores data for each possible block and outputs it to the next step, and a re-montage unit 11 as a re-montage means in this embodiment that performs a re-montage step.
- the measurement unit 7 to which a signal is input a signal amplification unit 8 for amplifying the biopotential signal obtained by the measurement unit 7, an AD conversion unit 9 for converting the input analog signal into a digital signal, and online calculation It consists of a data 'buffer' memory unit 10 that stores data for each possible block and outputs it to the next step, and a re
- the measurement unit 7 uses a spatially independent mother as a biopotential signal to be measured.
- a maternal cardiac vector component signal measuring unit 7a that measures maternal electrocardiogram signals input from at least two maternal electrodes E 'that have an extracorporeal component signal and do not include a fetal electrocardiogram signal;
- a biopotential signal measuring unit 7b that measures a biopotential signal including a fetal electrocardiogram signal input from at least two electrodes E.
- the maternal electrocardiogram signal derived from the maternal electrode E ′ arranged mainly on the chest of the maternal body 1 does not include the fetal electrocardiogram signal. It has two or more spatially independent vector components.
- This set of two or more maternal ECG signals is used as a maternal heart vector component signal, and is used to remove the maternal ECG signals from the biopotential signal including fetal ECG signals.
- the electrode E for measurement and the electrode E ′ for the mother are preferably attached to the chest and abdomen of the mother 1, but in order to optimize the reference system independent component analysis method without being limited to this, It may be worn on the flank, back, waist, etc.
- the preprocessing unit 2 includes a preamplifier for amplifying the obtained biopotential signal, a filter circuit, a signal amplification unit 8 including a main amplifier, an AD conversion unit 9 for AD conversion of the amplified signal, and online calculation.
- a data 'buffer' memory unit 10 that stores data for each possible block and outputs it to the next step is provided.
- the time interval of the accumulated data block is a length that can be brought online, and if it is a length that can be converged by iterative estimation described later, a special time interval is not necessary.
- the data 'buffer' memory unit 10 accumulates data one after another in units of blocks every n seconds (n is preferably 5 seconds or less). Output each block in turn.
- the electrodes E and the mother attached to the mother 1 are based on the inputted positional information of the fetus lb.
- a re-montage step is performed in which the bipolar terminal of the electrode E ′ is recombined so as to obtain an optimal combination for data analysis in the maternal electrocardiogram signal removal step and the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction step, and the bioelectric potential signal is converted into the maternal signal removal unit.
- the term “optimum” refers to a method that reduces fetal ECG signals to the maximum and reduces common noise as much as possible.
- the signal-to-noise ratio (signal ratio)
- the noise ratio is approximately 1 or less. Furthermore, this function is useful for optimizing and clarifying the signal when a good fetal ECG signal is not obtained. In the general case, this function is not always necessary.
- FIG. 3 shows the mother signal removal unit 3.
- the maternal signal removal unit 3 is a block diagram of the maternal signal removal unit 3 mainly including a plurality of maternal cores detected from maternal electrodes E ′ attached to a plurality of different parts of the chest of the maternal 1 and inputted from the preprocessing unit 2.
- the vector signal (maternal ECG signal) is averaged to generate an averaged maternal ECG signal, and an average maternal ECG signal generation step is performed to estimate the maternal ECG signal included in the biopotential signal.
- Averaging maternal electrocardiogram estimation unit 14 as means for generating an averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal and a plurality of bioelectric potential signals detected from electrodes E attached to a plurality of different parts of maternal 1 and inputted from preprocessing unit 2
- An averaged biopotential signal generation step is performed in which the maternal electrocardiogram signal is removed from the biopotential signal and a new biopotential signal (averaged biopotential signal) is generated. It comprises an estimated maternal electrocardiogram removal unit 15 as signal generation means.
- the maternal electrocardiogram estimation unit 14 shown in FIG. 3 estimates the maternal electrocardiogram signal included in the bioelectric potential signal using the maternal heart vector component signal. This is the least square method weighting as a dynamic or average value of at least two maternal heart vector component signals, and estimates m maternal ECG signals of each biopotential signal (only R wave of maternal 1) This is done by creating a transformation vector that makes it more than 5 R waves to enter the force estimation interval. For example, when weighting is performed using the method of least squares as an average value, it is as follows.
- Wmi processing unit 12, transformation vector estimation unit 13
- Maternal electrocardiogram signal (ml to mn) force 3 ⁇ 4iMl + biM2 of each detected value is estimated by transformation Wm (maternal electrocardiogram estimation processing unit 14a).
- Maternal electrocardiogram signals (ml to mn) of the respective detected values estimated by the transformation Wm in the maternal electrocardiogram estimation unit 14 are removed from the bioelectric potential signal (estimated maternal electrocardiogram removal unit 15).
- This mother The body electrocardiogram signal removal step is performed in order to remove a component that has a high correlation with the reference signal of the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction step described later to a certain extent and lower the correlation. It is not always necessary to remove completely.
- the transformation vector created for estimating the maternal ECG signal is weighted using the average maternal ECG signal force least square method generated in the averaged maternal ECG signal generation step. It is possible to create an average maternal ECG signal by averaging a plurality of time-series repeating units contained in the maternal ECG signal input from one maternal electrode E ′. In this way, weighting using the least squares method may be performed from the generated maternal ECG signal to create a conversion vector, thereby reducing the processing load performed in the maternal ECG signal removal step and reducing the maternal ECG.
- the main components can be removed at high speed and processed online in real time.
- D times for different R waves which are a plurality of time-series repeating units.
- the present invention is not limited to this, that is, does not perform these calculation processes, Average value obtained by averaging multiple maternal ECG signals detected from electrodes E attached to multiple bases 1 without averaging multiple time-series repeating units to obtain an average maternal ECG signal. May be used to estimate the maternal electrocardiogram signal included in the biopotential signal.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the reference signal generation unit 4.
- the reference signal generation unit 4 displays a plurality of template signals generated in advance.
- a template signal storage unit 22 for storing, a heart cycle signal input unit 17 for inputting a heart cycle signal obtained from an ultrasonic sensor S or the like attached to at least one abdomen of the mother 1, and an input heart cycle Filter 18 that filters the signal, input heart rate signal power, timing function calculator 19 that determines the approximate fetal heart rate value (timing function), and generates a timing function signal based on the fetal heart rate value
- the timing function signal generation unit 20, the check unit 21b that detects an abnormality in the timing function signal generated by the timing function signal generation unit 20, and the check unit 21b A feedback unit 21a for feeding back the timing function signal when issued, the template signal And a reference signal generation processing unit 23 for creating a reference signal by pasting the template signal selected by the storage unit 22 to the timing function signal.
- the heartbeat cycle signal obtained from the fetal heart lc (reference signal source) using the ultrasonic sensor S is input to the heartbeat cycle signal input unit 17 and filtered by the filter 18 Thereafter, the timing function calculation unit 19 performs measurement.
- the fetal heartbeat period value is specified by the timing function calculation unit 19, and a timing function having the same period value as the fetal heartbeat period value is specified.
- the timing function signal generation unit 20 Based on this timing function, the timing function signal generation unit 20 generates a timing function signal (square wave).
- the heartbeat cycle signal is most preferably an ultrasonic signal detected by the ultrasonic sensor S.
- the time resolution will be high, but the signal-to-noise ratio for extracting fetal components whose signal is small, 1Z5 to 1/10 of the maternal ECG signal, is low at 1 or less.
- the ultrasound signal of fetal heart lc is clearly obtained at each gestational week and the signal-to-noise ratio is good at 3 to 5, but the time resolution is poor as a characteristic of the obtained signal.
- the two have different signal characteristics, and the fetal heart ultrasound signals are used to extract the cardiac cycle signal of the fetal heart lc, and show a characteristic that complements each other. Therefore, the main calculation unit 5 described later can extract a fetal electrocardiogram signal having a high time resolution, which is a target signal, with a high probability by using a reference system having a high S / N ratio.
- the timing function signal will be described in more detail.
- the heartbeat period signal is a fetal heart ultrasound signal
- a bandpass filter 18 having a bandwidth of 100 Hz to 600 Hz for extracting a fetal heart Doppler component is used.
- 19 calculates using the autocorrelation method. Specifically, the Doppler signal passed through the filter 18 is enveloped at 14 Hz, and the time interval from the autocorrelation every 5 seconds to the next heartbeat (fetal heartbeat cycle value) is calculated. Generates a timing function signal (square wave) that changes squarely at the generation timing.
- noise may be generated in the ultrasonic signal detected by the ultrasonic sensor S due to, for example, a rapid movement of the fetus lb.
- the timing function signal generated by the ultrasonic signal shows a square wave with a different shape from the previous timing function signal.
- the feedback unit 21a detects the average of the fetal heartbeat period values that have been detected so far. By replacing the heartbeat period value with the timing function signal, the timing function signal is generated and output again.
- the template signal storage unit 22 in FIG. 4 stores in advance a plurality of template signals (one-cycle waveform) approximated to a specified induction type fetal electrocardiogram signal.
- the template signal that matches the selected guidance format is selected, and the selected template signal is output to the reference signal generation processing unit 23.
- the template signal selected in the template signal storage unit 22 is pasted on the time axis in accordance with the timing of the square wave of the timing function signal, and the reference signal r is added. Generate.
- the reference signal r is generated based on the cardiac cycle signal so as to have the strongest correlation with the specified induction type fetal electrocardiogram signal for extraction purpose in the bioelectric potential signal. Used as a reference signal for component analysis.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the main calculation unit 5.
- the main calculation unit 5 uses a reference system independent component analysis method to generate a reference signal.
- a fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction step of extracting a fetal electrocardiogram signal from the bioelectric potential signal is performed.
- the main calculation unit 5 extracts a pre-whitening unit 24 that uncorrelates (pre-whitens) at least two or more bioelectric potential signals with each other, and an induced fetal electrocardiogram signal specified by using a reference signal.
- It consists of an iterative estimation unit 25 that performs iterative estimation (reference system independent component analysis).
- the iterative estimation unit 25 performs iterative estimation, which is the main process of the reference system independent component analysis method.
- r is a reference signal
- E (*) is the average value over the measurement time.
- the reference system independent component analysis method in the present embodiment takes a fourth-order or second-order cumulant in which the correlation between the designated induction-type reference signal and the weighted bioelectric potential signal is maximum, and It is possible to have an iterative estimation algorithm where the absolute value of the biopotential signal weighting is 1.
- FIG. 6 shows a photograph of an implementation situation in which a plurality of electrodes E are attached to the electrocardiogram signal processing apparatus A and the mother body 1.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a fetal electrocardiogram waveform displayed on the monitor 6 of the electrocardiogram signal processing apparatus A. It can be seen that P-waves and T-waves are often extracted by referring only to the about timing function.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a comparison between the results of the conventional independent component analysis method (natural gradient method) and the two types of reference system independent component analysis methods.
- an electrode scalp electrode
- a direct fetal electrocardiogram is measured over one hour, while the abdomen of the mother
- the induced fetal electrocardiogram was measured simultaneously.
- the reference signal used was an ideal reference system (best reference signal) that perfectly matched the ideal timing with the R wave, and a random reference signal with the timing varied randomly by ⁇ 0.1 seconds.
- the analysis was performed 10 times for 1 minute each, and the results of scalp electrodes were correlated with each interval.
- (a) shows an extraction result using a random reference system.
- (B) shows the results of analysis using the conventional natural gradient method.
- (C) shows the scalp electrode ECG waveform in the same section.
- (D) shows a graph showing the variation of 10 correlations.
- the results using the two reference system independent component analysis methods showed almost the same accuracy, and the accuracy was higher in all cases than the natural gradient method.
- (E) is a bar graph comparing the average of 10 correlations. Results using two reference system independent component analysis methods Showed almost the same accuracy and was significantly more accurate than the natural gradient method.
- the mother body 1 and the fetus lb are not damaged.
- a fetal electrocardiogram signal can be extracted noninvasively from the electrode E attached to the abdomen of 1 and can be extracted regardless of the age of the fetus lb and the posture of the fetus lb. In addition, it is possible to extract a fetal electrocardiogram signal without limiting the measurement time such as during delivery.
- a reference signal based on the heartbeat cycle of the fetus lb detected by the ultrasonic sensor S is used, and the bioelectric potential signal force detected from the electrode E is also used as the fetal electrocardiogram signal.
- the reference system independent component analysis method fetal electrocardiogram signals (R wave, P wave, T wave) in the specified guidance format can be actively extracted.
- the maternal electrocardiogram signal as the main noise is removed, and then the fetal electrocardiogram signal to be obtained again by the reference system independent component analysis method is directly taken out.
- the fetal electrocardiogram signal has excellent separability from noise from signal sources with similar probability distribution or frequency distribution such as EMG noise and 50Hz high frequency noise, and fetal ECG signals can be actively extracted online at high speed.
- fetal electrocardiogram signals having high detection sensitivity of not only R waves but also P waves and T waves can be actively extracted online at high speed.
- the electrocardiogram signal processing apparatus A of the present embodiment directly extracts only the signal to be obtained. Therefore, there are procedures for determining the order of signal extraction and for finding a fetal electrocardiogram signal from the extracted signals. It can be actively extracted online as quickly as necessary.
- the fetal electrocardiogram signal is directly extracted from the biopotential signal by using the correlation with the reference signal as a clue, so that the influence of the maternal electrocardiogram signal of maternal 1 is hardly affected and the fetus ECG signals can be actively extracted online at high speed.
- the reference signal since the reference signal includes the repetition estimation of the independent component analysis method when the reference signal is a constant, the robustness that the independent component analysis method has and the reference signal is the target fetus. As long as the correlation between the electrocardiogram signal and the probability distribution is strongest, a considerable amount of ambiguity is allowed for the reference signal, and the target fetal ECG signal Can be extracted accurately.
- the fetal electrocardiogram waveform can be displayed on the monitor 6 or analyzed based on the fetal electrocardiogram signal in order to measure the health condition of the fetus lb.
- fetal arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia can be diagnosed by examining changes in R wave, P wave, and T wave from the extracted fetal ECG signal.
- the fetal ECG signal can be displayed and analyzed in order to calculate the fetal heart rate and display the heart rate variability based on the extracted R wave interval change.
- the electrocardiogram signal processing apparatus A of the present embodiment not only R waves but also fetal electrocardiogram composite waves including P waves and T waves are detected from multi-channel signals induced from the abdomen of the mother.
- An online fetal electrocardiogram detection system based on a portable polygraph recording system can be provided along with a degree detection algorithm.
- the electrocardiogram signal processing method of the present invention that separates and extracts the fetal electrocardiogram signal from the biopotential signal by the independent component analysis method based on the reference signal
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and it is possible to measure a strong magnetic signal generated by the heart and calculate the electrocardiogram signal back from the measured magnetic signal. It can also be applied to magnetometers.
- the fetal heartbeat cycle signal for generating the reference signal is detected using the ultrasonic sensor using the ultrasonic wave attached to the abdomen of the mother body.
- a sensor that detects the heartbeat signal of the fetus using heart sounds, magnetism, or other means may be used.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the fetal electrocardiogram signal is extracted directly from the biopotential signal input from the electrode without performing the maternal electrocardiogram signal removal step. You may do it.
- the averaged biopotential signal generation step averages a plurality of biopotential signals to generate an averaged biopotential signal
- the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generation step In the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction step, the fetal electrocardiogram signal can be easily extracted from the bioelectric potential signal by averaging the maternal electrocardiogram signals of the same and generating the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal.
- the averaged body potential signal generation step and the averaged maternal electrocardiogram signal generation step are not processed, but are averaged at the maternal electrocardiogram signal removal step and averaged from the bioelectric potential signal.
- the maternal ECG signal may be removed.
- the force used to create the transformation vector by weighting using the least squares method as the dynamic average value of the electrocardiogram signal of the mother body is not limited to this.
- the conversion vector may be created by obtaining the average value by other methods than the least square method.
- the force of performing the re-montage step for reassembling the bipolar terminals of the electrodes into an optimal combination is not limited to this, and the fetal step is not performed without performing the re-montage step.
- the electrocardiogram signal can be extracted in the ECG signal extraction step, and the re-montage step is performed only when a favorable fetal ECG signal cannot be obtained in the fetal ECG signal extraction step.
- the fetal electrocardiogram signal may be extracted again in the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction step.
- the reference signal is generated by selecting a plurality of template signal forces stored in advance in the reference signal generating means in the reference signal generating step and matching the template signal that matches the specified guidance format.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the template signal of the required induction format is not stored in the reference signal generation means, but is generated using other template signal generation means.
- the fetal electrocardiogram signal is extracted by the fetal electrocardiogram signal extraction means, the fetal electrocardiogram signal is fed back to the reference signal generation means, so that it can be generated based on the extracted fetal electrocardiogram signal. Generate a template signal and generate a reference signal based on this template signal.
- the electrocardiogram signal processing apparatus of the present invention is not only applicable as a fetal monitoring monitor (fetal electrocardiograph), which plays a central role in obstetric medicine, but in various fields of obstetrics such as fetal arrhythmia diagnosis and maternal-child correlation measurement. Applicable.
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Abstract
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| EP05819693.2A EP1844706B1 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-12-22 | Electrocardiogram signal processing method and electrocardiogram signal processing device |
| AU2005326223A AU2005326223A1 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-12-22 | Electrocardiogram signal processing method and electrocardiogram signal processing device |
| US11/814,230 US8175692B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-12-22 | Electrocardiogram signal-processing method and electrocardiogram signal-processing device |
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| JP2005023982A JP4590554B2 (ja) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-01-31 | 心電図信号処理方法および心電図信号処理装置 |
| JP2005-023982 | 2005-01-31 |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US8175692B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1844706B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4590554B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2005326223A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006080167A1 (ja) |
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| WO2008090862A1 (ja) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-31 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co., Ltd. | 胎児心電図信号計測方法およびその装置 |
| JP2009160410A (ja) * | 2008-01-08 | 2009-07-23 | General Electric Co <Ge> | 複数の時間区分にわたり胎児及び産婦のecgを特定する方法 |
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| JP2009160410A (ja) * | 2008-01-08 | 2009-07-23 | General Electric Co <Ge> | 複数の時間区分にわたり胎児及び産婦のecgを特定する方法 |
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| WO2012102040A1 (ja) * | 2011-01-25 | 2012-08-02 | 公立大学法人奈良県立医科大学 | 胎児心電位信号抽出プログラム、胎児心電位信号判別装置及びこれを用いた妊婦見守りシステム |
| US8897862B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2014-11-25 | Public University Corporation Nara Medical University | Fetal cardiac potential signal extraction program, fetal cardiac potential signal discriminating apparatus, and pregnancy monitoring system using the same |
| JP6043920B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-25 | 2016-12-14 | 公立大学法人奈良県立医科大学 | 胎児心電位信号抽出プログラム、胎児心電位信号判別装置及びこれを用いた妊婦見守りシステム |
| WO2019216251A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-10 | 2019-11-14 | アトムメディカル株式会社 | 胎児心電信号処理方法及び胎児心電信号処理装置 |
| JP2019195461A (ja) * | 2018-05-10 | 2019-11-14 | アトムメディカル株式会社 | 胎児心電信号処理方法及び胎児心電信号処理装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2005326223A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
| JP4590554B2 (ja) | 2010-12-01 |
| EP1844706B1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| US20080146953A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
| EP1844706A4 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
| JP2006204759A (ja) | 2006-08-10 |
| EP1844706A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
| US8175692B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 |
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